Stretch Blow Molding

Stretch Blow Molding
Second Edition
Ottmar Brandau
Table of Contents
Preface to the Third Edition
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1: Short History of Stretch Blow Molding
Abstract
2: Material Basics
Abstract
2.1. Manufacture and States of PET
2.2. Crystallization of PET
2.3. Drying of PET
2.4. Other Consequences of Insufficient Drying
2.5. Behavior in the Injection Mold
2.6. Behavior in the Blow Mold
3: Reheat Stretch Blow Machine (RSBM) Types
Abstract
3.1. Overview
3.2. Differences Between Rotary Machines of Different Manufacturers
3.3. Orientation of Preforms and Bottles
3.4. Movement Actuation
3.5. Shape and Location of Oven Section
3.6. Blow Mold Actuation
3.7. Preform Seal
3.8. Synchronization and Crash Protection
4: Machine Details
Abstract
4.1. Oven Section
4.2. Transfer Functions
4.3. Blow Wheel/Blow Clamp
4.4. Machine Timing
4.5. Rotary Machines Comparison
5: Blow Molds
Abstract
5.1. Design
5.2. Base Mold
5.3. Making a Mold
5.4. Venting
5.5. Stretch Rod
6: Fundamentals of the Blow Process
Abstract
6.1. Process Overview
6.2. Stretch Ratios
6.3. Types of Heat Transfer
6.4. Light Absorption Characteristics of PET
6.5. Optimal Preform Temperature
7: The Blowing Process
Abstract
7.1. Reheating Preforms
7.2. Blowing Bottles
7.3. Air Valve Control
8: Injection Stretch Blow Molding Machines
Abstract
8.1. Four-Station Machines
8.2. Machine Controls
8.3. Injection Controls
8.4. Interaction Between Injection and Blow
8.5. Conditioning
8.6. Container Blowing
8.7. Hot Runners
8.8. Integrated Two-Stage Stretch Blow Molding
8.9. Single or Two Stage—That is the Question
9: Special Applications
Abstract
9.1. Simulation of the Blow Process
9.2. Stretch Blow Molding of Oriented Polypropylene
9.3. Plant-Based Plastics
9.4. Blow Process for Hot-Fill Applications
9.5. Preferential Heating
9.6. Direct Feeding of Preforms into the Blow Machine
9.7. Vision Inspection
9.8. Barrier Enhancing Technologies
9.9. Blow-and-Trim Process
9.10. CSD Bottle Base Failures
9.11. Recycling of PET Bottles
9.12. Preform Aesthetics in the Two-Stage Process
9.13. Blowing Thick-Walled Preforms
10: Troubleshooting of Blowing Problems
Abstract
10.1. General Guidelines
10.2. Starting a New Process
10.3. Preblow Pressure Control
10.4. Changing Preform Temperatures
10.5. Output Control
10.6. Troubleshooting of Specific Problems
10.7. Defects Particular to Single-Stage Molding
10.8. Summary of Preform Quality Checks
11: Economics
Abstract
11.1. Container Types
11.2. Business Models
11.3. Tooling Costs
11.4. Lightweighing of Bottles and Caps
11.5. Resin Prices
11.6. Bottle Production Costs
11.7. Starting with a New Product
11.8. Recommended Laboratory Equipment for RSBM Plants
11.9. Western Versus Asian Machinery
11.10. Bottle Storage and Transport
12: Preform Design for Single- and Two-Stage Processing
Abstract
12.1. Two-Stage Process Injection Molding
12.2. Single-Stage Process Injection Molding
12.3. Goals and Conditions
12.4. The Mechanics of Preform Design
12.5. Putting it all Together
13: Auxiliary Equipment
Abstract
13.1. Compressors
13.2. Chillers
13.3. Conveyors and Bottle Storage Devices
14: Training of Operators
Abstract
14.1. Current State of Training
14.2. Obstacles to Training Programs
14.3. Rethinking Abstract Concepts
14.4. Language Structure
14.5. Converting Formulas Into Common English Sentences
14.6. Substituting Uncommon Arithmetical Operators
14.7. Presentation Style
14.8. Translating Graphs into Common-Day Language
14.9. Choosing Easy-to-Understand Drawings
14.10. Computer Simulations
14.11. Comprehensive Coverage
14.12. Trainees Involvement
14.13. Assessments
14.14. Conclusions
Index
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