Semantic Modeling and Interoperability in Product and Process Engineering
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Y.-S. Ma
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Semantic Modeling and Interoperability in Product and Process Engineering
A Technology for Engineering Informatics
Y.-S. Ma
Editor
Contents
Introduction to Engineering Informatics 1
Narges Sajadfar, Yanan Xie, Hongyi Liu and Y.-S. Ma
A Review of Data Representation of Product and Process Models 31
Narges Sajadfar, Yanan Xie, Hongyi Liu and Y.-S. Ma
An Example of Feature Modeling Application: Smart Design
for Well-Drilling Systems . 53
Rajiur S. M. Rahman and Y.-S. Ma
Fundamental Concepts of Generic Features 89
S.-H. Tang, Gang Chen and Y.-S. Ma
Unified Feature Paradigm . 117
Zhengrong Cheng, S.-H. Tang, Gang Chen and Y.-S. Ma
Features and Interoperability of Computer Aided
Engineering Systems . 143
Yanan Xie, Jikai Liu, Hongyi Liu and Y.-S. Ma
Data Representation and Modeling for Process Planning 193
Chulho Chung and Qingjin Peng
Computation of Offset Curves Using a Distance Function:
Addressing a Key Challenge in Cutting Tool Path Generation 259
C. K. Au and Y.-S. Ma
Feature Transformation from Configuration of Open-Loop
Mechanisms into Linkages with a Case Study . 275
Abiy Wubneh, C. K. Au and Y.-S. Ma
xiFeature-Based Mechanism Design . 303
Abiy Wubneh and Y.-S. Ma
A Smart Knowledge Capturing Method in Enhanced
Generative Design Cycles . 353
G. P. Gujarathi and Y.-S. Ma
Index 381
Abbreviations
5 S’s Japanese words: seiri, seiton, seiso, seiketsu, and shitsuke. English
words: sorting, straightening, shining, standardizing, sustaining
AADE Autonomous agent development environment
ACM Application cellular model
AF Application feature
AFM Application feature model
AFR Automatic feature recognition
AL Application layer
ANN Artificial neural network
ANSI American national standards institute
AOR Annual operational requirement
AP Application protocol
APFM Assembly planning feature model
API Application programming interface
ASFM Analysis feature model
B2B Business-to-business
BHA Bottom hole assembly
BIT Built-in test
BOM Bill of materials
BS Bounding sphere
BST A file extension with an integrated engineering data format
CAA Component application architecture
CAAD Computer-aided aesthetic design
CAC Corrosion allowance constraint
CACD Computer-aided conceptual design
CAD Computer-aided design
CAE Computer-aided engineering
CAI Computer-aided inspection
CAM Computer-aided manufacturing
CAPP Computer-aided process planning
CAS Computer-aided styling
CATS Computer-aided tool selection
CSYS Coordinate system
xiiiCDFM Concept feature model
CDM Common data model
CE Concurrent engineering
CEC Capacity-of-equipment constraint
CEE Collaborative engineering environment
CIM Computer-integrated manufacturing
CNC Computer numerical control
CORBA Common object request broker architecture
CPCDF Chemical process conceptual design feature
CPDM Collaborative product data model
CPE Chemical process engineering
CRM Customer relationship management
CSG Constructive solid geometry
CSM Component supplier management
DB Database
DBF Design by feature
DBMS Database management system
DC Design change
DDFM Detail feature model
DDL Data definition language
DFA Design for assembly
DFM Design for manufacturing
DHT Design history management tool
DIDE Distributed intelligent design environment
DL Data layer
DML Data manipulation language
DNC Diameter of nozzle constraint
DOF Degree of freedom
DP Diameter of piping
DSS Decision-support system
DXF Data exchange file
EAI External authoring interface
EC Engineering change
ECM Engineering change management
ECP Engineering change propagation
EIDL End item design life
EPC Engineering, procurement, and construction
EPM Entire product model
ERP Enterprise resource planning
ESA Engineering server agent
ESDS Expert slurry-design system
FAT Fastener-axis action tool
FBD Free body diagram
FE Finite element
FEA Finite element analysis
xiv AbbreviationsFEM Finite element method
FR Feature recognition
Fr Flow rate
GA Genetic algorithm
GT Group technology
GUI Graphical user interface
HVAC Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
IBIS Issue-based information system
IA Interface agent
ICT Information and computer technology
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IGES Initial graphics exchange specification
IPDE Integrated product data-sharing environment
ISO International Organization for Standardization
IT Information Technology
JA Job agent
JSDT Java shared data toolkit
JTMS Justification-based truth maintenance system
KA Kinematic analysis
Kanban A Japanese term, i.e., ‘‘Signboard’’—it means a customer
requirement driven scheduling system for lean
and just-in-time production
KBE Knowledge-based engineering
KBS Knowledge-based system
MAD Mass acceleration diagrams
MDA Minimum deviation area
MDDF Mechanical detail design feature
MDO Multidisciplinary design optimization
ME&D Mechanical engineering and design
MFC Microsoft foundation class
MMS Multi-model structure
MMT Multi-model technology
MOKA Methodology for knowledge based engineering applications
MOO Multiple-objective optimization
MPFM Machining planning feature model
MSE Mechanical specific energy
MTBF Mean time between failures
MTTR Mean time to repair
MV Machining volume
NC Numerical control
NDF Neutral data format
NMT Non-manifold topological
NPD New product development
NURBS Non-uniform rational B-spline
OBB Oriented bounding box
Abbreviations xvOD Outer diameter
OLAP Online analytical processing
OO Object-oriented
OODB Object-oriented database
OOMF Object-oriented manufacturing feature
OOP Object-oriented programming
P&ID Process and instrumentation diagram
PCM Product configuration management
PDM Product data management
PDMS Product data management system
PFD Process flow diagram
PLM Product lifecycle management
PMEX Performance measurement evaluation matrix
PMPD Performance measurement for product development
poke yoke A Japanese term-error proofing
PRP Product realization process
PVD Physical vapor deposition
QFD Quality function deployment
R&D Research and development
RDB Relational database
RE Reverse engineering
ROP Rate of penetration
RPM Revolution per minute
RT Residence time
SMED ‘‘Single minute exchange of dies’’
SOO Single objective optimization
SPM Supply and planning management
SSL Semantic schema layer
SQL Structured query language
STC Shell thickness constraint
STEP Standard for the exchange of product data model
TAT Tool-axis action tool
TPS Toyota production system
TVD True vertical depth
UC Unified cells
UCM Unified cellular model
UI User interface
UML Unified modeling language
VE Virtual environment
VRML Virtual reality modeling language
WOB Weight of bit
X3D Extensible 3D
XML Extensible markup language
xvi AbbreviationsSymbols
b0 Angular measurement parameter
A Area
Adx Area direct stress
Ator Area torsional
x Axis x
y Axis y
rZX Bending stress
b Boom deflection angle
a2 Boom lower angular displacement limit
RB1 Boom rotation matrix #1
RB2 Boom rotation matrix #2
b Boom side length
a1 Boom upper angular displacement limit
abu Bucket angle
h Cross-sectional height
b Cross-sectional base dimension
t Cross-sectional plate thickness
dA Differential area
dig1 Digging configuration angle #1
dig2 Digging configuration angle #2
rdx Direct stress
Q First moment of area about neutral axis
Fx Force along x-axis
Fy
Force along y-axis
Fz
Force along z-axis
l1 Hinge to hinge boom length
l3 Hinge to tip bucket length
A Homogeneous transformation matrix
H Horizontal excavator arm lengths
J1–J11 Joint 1, … 11
h_J10 Joint J10 extension distance
h_J11 Joint J100 extension distance
xviih_J2 Joint J2 extension distance
h_J8 Joint J8 extension distance
c Linear measurement parameter
S3 Maximum cutting height
S7 Maximum depth cut at level bottom
S2 Maximum digging depth
S1 Maximum reach at ground level
S4 Maximum loading height
S6 Maximum vertical wall digging depth
S5 Minimum loading height
Mx Moment about x-axis
My
Moment about y-axis
MZ Moment about z-axis
dp
Pin diameter
l
p Pin length
R Rotation transformation matrix
SD Scope display output
I Second moment of area
V Shear force
l2 Stick length
RS Stick rotation matrix
\JS3 Stick-joint J3 interior angle
\JS2 Stick-joint J2 interior angle
J2L Stick-joint J2 left interior angle
J2r Stick-joint J2 right interior angle
J3l Stick-joint J3 lower interior angle
J2u Stick-joint J3 upper interior angle
\JS9 Stick-joint J9 interior angle
J9l Stick-joint J9 lower interior angle
J9u Stick-joint J9 upper interior angle
stor Torsional shear stress
b2 Transition four-bar coupler link
b1 Transition four-bar follower link
b0 Transition four-bar stationary link
b3 Transition four-bar driver link
T Translation transformation matrix
sb Transverse shear stress
ru Ultimate stress
V Vertical excavator arm lengths
r
y Yield stress
xviii SymbolsIntroduction to Engineering Informat
Index
A
ACIS, 16, 93, 112
AF. See Application feature
AFM. See Application feature model
Agent-based design, 178
Agent technology, 175
AL. See Application layer
American National Standards Institute
(ANSI), 152
Analysis feature model (ASFM), 121
ANN. See Artificial neural network
Annual operation requirements (AOR), 210
APFM. See Assembly planning feature model
Application cellular model (ACM), 124
Application development, 143, 146
Application feature model (AFM), 122, 124
Application features (AF), 91, 98, 121, 124
Application layer, 36, 43
Application programming interface (API), 34,
62, 70, 112, 139, 146, 306, 310,
339, 340, 357, 359, 363, 365,
373, 375
Application programming interface. See API
Application protocol, 7, 150–152, 160
Application protocol (AP). See STEP
Artificial intelligence (AI), 32, 184, 194
Artificial neural network (ANN), 279–282,
284, 285, 288, 297, 301, 312
Aspen software packages
aspen hysys, 15
aspen plus, 15
Assembly planning feature model, 122
Associated commands, 137
Association and change propagation, 122, 126,
139
Associations. See Feature association, dependency, and sharing
Associative feature
case study, 153, 156, 340
definition, 90, 128
modeling, 121
Associative relationships. See Feature
association
Attributes, 22, 24, 25, 35, 41, 91, 94, 97, 98,
122, 123, 125, 132, 172
Automatic feature recognition (AFR), 155
Automation, 47, 54, 145, 153, 259, 304, 305,
307–310, 328, 355, 358, 362, 379
Autonomous agent development environment
(AADE), 176
B
Bill of materials (BOM), 195
Boolean operations
operators, 31, 106, 112, 273
Boom geometries. See Excavator boom
construction, modeling
Bore hole. See Well drilling
Bottom hole assembly (BHA), 55
Bounding sphere, 328
B-Rep. See Boundary representation under
solid modeling
BS. See Bounding sphere
B-spline curve. See NURBS curve
BST – a file extension with an integrated
engineering data format, 12
Bucket modeling, 330
Built-in test (BIT), 220
Business-to-business (B2B), 7
C
CAA. See Component application architecture
CAAD. See Computer-aided aesthetic design
CAC. See Corrosion allowance constraint
CACD. See Computer-aided conceptual design
CAD. See Computer-aided design
CAE. See Computer-aided engineering
CAI. See Computer-aided inspection
CAM. See Computer-aided manufacturing
Capacity-of-equipment constraint (CEC), 170
CAPP. See Computer-aided process planning
CAS. See Computer-aided styling
CATS. See Computer-aided tool selection
CAx integration. See Interoperability
CDFM. See Concept feature model under
feature model
CDM. See Common data model
CE. See Concurrent engineering
CEC. See Capacity-of-equipment constraint
CEE. See Environment under collaborative
engineering
Cellular model
cellular representation, 112
geometrical model, 112
topology, 92, 106, 112, 113
Centric geometric modeling-CAD, 159
Centric geometric modeling-CAE, 159, 160
Change management, 24, 45, 46, 49, 127, 354,
361, 362
Change propagation, 45–49, 118, 119, 122,
127, 132, 184, 186, 308, 309
Chemical process conceptual design features,
169, 170
Chemical process engineering (CPE), 5, 14,
18, 19, 38, 39, 41, 152,
167–169, 186
CIM. See Computer-integrated manufacturing
CNC. See Computer numerical control
Collaborative engineering
collaborative design, 6, 13
Distributed intelligent design environment
(DIDE), 175
environment (CEE), 9
Collaborative product data model. See CPDM
under data representation
Collaborative product design/development
collaborative assembly design, 10, 47
collaborative component design, 47
Common data model (CDM), 160, 164–166,
353, 358, 360, 361, 365, 366, 378
CommonKADS, 183
Component application architecture
(CAA), 146
Component design feature, 276
Component supplier management (CSM), 33
Composite features, 158
Computer-aided aesthetic design
(CAAD), 143
Computer-aided conceptual design
(CACD), 143
Computer-aided design (CAD), 4, 143, 354
Computer-aided engineering (CAE), 143
Computer-aided inspection (CAI), 6
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), 44,
143, 154, 158, 259, 356
Computer-aided process planning (CAPP)
generative process planning, 194
variant process planning, 194
Computer-aided styling (CAS), 143
Computer-aided tool selection (CATS), 147
Computer-integrated manufacturing
(CIM), 45, 194
Computer numerical control (CNC), 44,
153, 158, 159, 220, 259
Concept feature model, 121
Conceptual design stage, 3, 67, 119, 134,
135, 359
Concurrent engineering (CE), 5, 8, 9, 45, 117,
147, 307, 311
Configuration feature, 276, 277, 285, 298, 301
Constraint modeling
algebraic, 127
component, 128
engineering, 70, 128, 182
equation, 128
geometric, 127
manufacturing, 128
mechanical assembly, 128
rule-based, 127
semantic, 132, 157
system mechanism, 128
topological, 93
Constraint solving
evolutionary, 129
graph-based, 129
propagation, 129, 308
Constraint type
geometric, 93, 127–129, 278, 306–308, 335
management, 57, 90, 100, 185, 303,
308, 363
modeling, 125, 127, 128
representation, 113, 127, 128
semantic, 38, 93, 128
Constructive solid geometry (CSG). See Solid
modeling
Coordinate system
CSYS, 314, 339–341, 347
Coordinate system features, 314, 340, 347
Common object request broker architecture
(CORBA), 173
Corrosion allowance constraint
(CAC), 169, 170
382 IndexCost engineering, 9
CPCDF. See Chemical process conceptual
design feature under Feature
CPDM. See Collaborative product data model
under Data representation
CPE. See Chemical process engineering
C programming language, 70, 146
CRM. See Customer relationship management
CSG. See Constructive solid geometry
CSM. See Component supplier management
CSYS. See Coordinate system
Curve features, 314, 342
Customer relationship management (CRM), 33
Customization, 143, 145, 307, 350
D
Database (DB)
Relational database (RDB), 227
Management system (DBMS), 21, 113, 195
database search algorithms (Data search
algorithms), 195, 203
Data definition language (DDL), 196
Data exchange
Data exchange file (DXF), 196
Data exchange file (DXF), 196
Data integration scheme, 35
Data interchange, 37
Data mining, 19, 21, 22, 183
Data repository
active data collection, 34
artifact, 34, 35
data warehouse, 35
passive data collection, 34
taxonomy, 35
Data representation
Collaborative product data model
(CPDM), 12
Data layer (DL), 42
Data manipulation language
(DML), 21, 205, 209
Multi-model structure (MMS), 163
Multi-model technology (MMT), 163
DBF. See Design by feature under Engineering
design
DL. See Data layer under Data representation
Data transfer, 119, 148
Data warehouse. See Data repository
DBMS. See DBMS under Database
DC. See Design change
DDFM. See Detail feature model under
Feature model
DDL. See Data definition language
Decision-making diagrams, 199, 234
Decision-support system
(DSS), 35
Degree of freedom (DOF), 279
Dependency relations, 97, 113
Design automation, 305, 307–309, 353
Design by feature. See Engineering design
Design change (DC)
design change process, 45
Design customization, 307
Design feature, 24, 102–104, 137, 155, 157,
285, 355, 369, 374
Design for assembly (DFA), 118, 276, 307
Design for manufacturing (DFM), 2, 6, 260
Design history management tool (DHT), 10
Design intent, 23, 41, 91, 118, 128, 134, 147,
152, 153, 157, 172, 184, 276, 306,
333, 354, 357
Design parameterization, 360
Detail feature model. See Feature model
Detail simplification, 161
DFA. See Design for assembly
DFM. See Design for manufacturing
DHT. See Design history management tool
DIDE. See Distributed intelligent design
environment under collaborative
engineering
Dimension reduction, 161, 162
Dimensional data, 275, 310
Dimensional synthesis, 276–279, 281, 313,
318, 335, 350
Dimensional tolerance, 128, 193, 202, 221,
222, 227
Dimensions, 91, 101, 121, 129, 134, 173, 180,
268, 276–278, 281, 282, 285, 286,
297, 298, 303, 309, 310, 314, 318,
326, 327, 330, 335, 337, 339,
355, 370
Distance function (of a point, of two points,
of a planar curve, curve offset),
261–263
DML. See Data manipulation language under
Data representation
DNC. See Diameter of nozzle constraint under
Pressure vessel design
Downstream application management, 179
DP. See Diameter of piping under Pressure
vessel design
Drilling optimization, 61
DrillSoft software, 62, 65, 67, 73
Drill-string design, 57, 61, 62, 65–67, 73,
79, 81
DSS. See Decision-support system
DXF. See DXF under Data exchange
Dynamic interaction, 217
Index 383E
EAI. See External authoring interface
EC. See Engineering change
ECM. See ECM under Engineering change
ECP. See ECP under Engineering change
EIDL. See End item design life
Embodiment features, 314
End item design life (EIDL), 210
Engineering change (EC)
management (ECM), 45
propagation (ECP), 46
Engineering design
Design by feature (DBF), 153, 156
Engineering informatics, 1, 19, 20, 54, 100
Engineering server agent (ESA), 178
Engineering, procurement, and construction
(EPC), 14–17, 19, 150
Enterprise resource planning (ERP), 33
Entire product model (EPM), 89, 100, 120,
180, 181
EPC. See Engineering, procurement,
and construction
EPM. See Entire product model
ERP. See Enterprise resource planning
ESA. See Engineering server agent
ESDS. See Expert slurry-design system
Excavator design
arm, 275, 277, 280, 281, 285, 286, 298,
301, 303, 308, 328
boom construction, 328
boom geometries, 315
boom modeling, 340
stick CAD modeling, 346
stick construction, 330
stick coordinate system features, 348
stick rotation, 317, 338
Expert slurry-design system (ESDS), 55
EXPRESS language, 121
Extensible markup language (XML), 7
External authoring interface (EAI), 211
F
FAT. See Fastener-axis action tool
FBD. See Free body diagram
FE. See Finite element
FEA. See Finite element analysis
FEM. See Finite element method
Feature
associative feature, 90, 121, 123, 128, 153,
340
Chemical process conceptual design feature (CPCDF), 169, 170
Mechanical detail design feature (MDDF),
169, 170
Feature association, 127, 163, 167, 169
Feature-based modeling, 132, 153, 154, 163,
196, 304, 305, 307, 309
Feature change management, 127
Feature conversion, 155, 157
Feature dependency, 97, 113
Feature dimension mapping, 281, 282
Feature evolvement, 98, 136
Feature interaction, 158
Feature manipulation, 92, 134
Feature model
Concept feature model (CDFM), 122
Detail feature model (DDFM), 121
Machining planning feature model
(MPFM), 122
Feature recognition (FR), 107, 139, 153–156,
158, 196
Feature reference model, 48
Feature representation, 89, 113, 135
Features, 17, 20, 22, 26, 32, 47, 48, 54, 92,
101, 102, 107, 109, 121, 130, 132,
134, 135, 153, 161, 163, 180, 196,
304, 306, 308, 309, 354, 357,
362, 374
Feature shape representation, 91, 113, 134
Feature technology, 5, 32, 41, 44, 53, 54, 118,
132, 153, 154, 156, 167, 186, 303,
356
Feature transformation, 121, 301
File-based data exchange, 147
Finite element (FE), 309, 356, 361, 373
Finite element analysis (FEA), 61, 72, 136,
159, 305, 361
Finite element method (FEM), 160
Flow rate (Fr), 43, 169
Form feature mapping, 155, 157
Free body diagram (FBD), 310, 327
FR. See Feature recognition
Fr. See Flow rate
Functional application operations, 36, 137
G
GA. See Genetic algorithm
Generative product development, 359
Generic feature
definition, 90, 94, 103, 139
modeling, 91
Genetic algorithm (GA), 278, 279, 356
Geometric tolerance, 196, 200, 202, 221
Geometry conversion, 159
384 IndexGeometry model, 112, 121, 122, 124–126
Geometry simulation (interactive simulation),
217
Geometry transformation, 160, 161
Granularity, 36, 140, 179
Graph-based methods, 155, 156
Graphical user interface (GUI), 43, 210, 313,
362, 365, 367
Group technology (GT), 194
GT. See Group technology
GUI. See Graphical user interface
H
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
(HVAC), 150
Horizontal data exchange, 147
Horizontal separator, 369, 370, 375
HVAC. See Heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning
Hydraulic cylinders, 286, 328, 329, 331
I
IA. See Interface agent
IBIS. See Issue-based information system
ICT. See Information and computer
technology
IEC. See International Electrotechnical
Commission
IGES. See Initial graphics exchange
specification
Informatics drivers, 20
Informatics modeling, 10, 20, 23, 25, 41, 49
Information and computer technology (ICT), 1
Information granularity, 179
Information integration, 36, 89, 90, 100, 112,
113, 173, 355
Information-sharing, 19, 36, 37, 113, 152, 185
Information technology (IT), 1, 33
Information view, 179, 180
Initial graphics exchange specification (IGES),
149, 196
Input parameter validation, 281
Interface agent (IA), 177
Integrated product data-sharing environment
(IPDE), 160
Integration-based product modeling, 33
Intergraph software packages
SmartPlant, 16, 17, 38, 39, 173
SmartSketch, 17
International electrotechnical commission
(IEC), 151
International organization for standardization
(ISO), 151
Interoperability, 5, 16, 17, 19, 40, 41, 118, 122,
139, 146, 147, 150, 152–156,
158–160, 163, 167, 177, 186
IPDE. See Integrated product data-sharing
environment
ISO. See International Organization for
Standardization
Issue-based information system (IBIS), 10
IT. See Information technology
J
JA. See Job agent
Java applets, 211–213, 215
Java shared data toolkit (JSDT), 11, 12
Job agent (JA), 178
Journaling application
conversion into reusable program, 365
journal file, 363, 365–367, 378
JSDT. See Java shared data toolkit
JTMS. See Justification-based truth maintenance system
Justification-based truth maintenance systems
(JTMS), 126, 127, 132
K
KA. See KA under Kinematics
Kanban, 10
KBE. See Knowledge-based engineering
KBS. See Knowledge-based system under
Knowledge-based engineering
Kinematics
analysis (KA), 313
constraints, 277, 280
dimensions, 276, 277
equations, 275, 280, 354
inverse kinematics, 277, 279, 308
problems, 276, 277
Knowledge-based engineering
engineering rules, 62, 165, 182, 310, 333
KBE, 54, 57, 180, 181–185
Knowledge based geometry modeling, 120,
128, 306
Knowledge-based system (KBS), 181
Knowledge-based product modeling, 31, 32
Knowledge capturing
expert knowledge, 362, 365
procedural knowledge, 353, 362, 365, 378
Knowledge formalize, 183
Knowledge fusion, 184, 305, 306, 308, 312
Index 385L
Lean manufacturing, 9
Linkage dimensions (linkage configuration
features), 276, 278, 286, 288, 297,
350, 351
Linkage optimization, 305, 350
M
Machine selection (system effectiveness measures), 208
Machining process, 109, 194, 195, 202, 207,
217, 225, 242, 243, 259
Machining volume (MV), 207
MAD. See Mass acceleration diagrams
Manipulator mechanism, 275. See also Excavator arm
Manufacturing feature (machining feature),
32, 89, 100, 101, 106, 107, 109,
113, 154, 155, 195
Mass acceleration diagrams (MAD), 310, 327
MATLAB (MathWorks), 277, 296–300, 305,
308, 312, 333, 339, 341, 351
MDA. See Minimum deviation area
MDDF. See Mechanical detail design feature
under Feature
MDO. See MDO under Optimization
Mean time between failures (MTBF), 210, 220
Mean time to repair (MTTR), 210, 220
ME&D. See Mechanical engineering and
design
Mechanical detail design features, 169
Mechanical engineering and design (ME&D),
38, 152, 169
Mechanical specific energy (MSE), 62
Mechanism dynamics analysis, 327
Mechanism parameter synthesis, 281
Member functions
attribute access functions, 96, 135
data restoring functions, 136
data-saving functions, 135, 136
feature evaluation and validity functions,
98, 135
modeling operation functions, 98, 135
Methodology for knowledge based engineering applications (MOKA), 185
MFC. See Microsoft foundation class
Microsoft foundation classes (MFCs), 47
Minimum deviation area (MDA), 278
MMS. See Multi-model structure under Data
representation
MMT. See Multi-model technology under
Data representation
Modular integration, 131
Modular structures, 379
MOKA. See Methodology for knowledge
based engineering applications
MOO. See MOO under Optimization
MPFM. See machining planning feature model
under Feature model
MSE. See Mechanical specific energy
MTBF. See Mean time between failures
MTTR. See Mean time to repair
Multi-agent systems, 175
Multi-view engineering information system
approach, 137
concept, 136
technique, 137
MV. See Machining volume
N
NC. See Numerical control
NDF. See Neutral data format
Neutral data format (NDF), 46, 121, 147–149,
152, 186
Neutral reference model, 46, 48
New product development (NPD), 2, 3, 22,
194
NMT. See Non-manifold topological
Non-manifold topological (NMT), 164
Non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS), 261,
267, 273
NPD. See New product development
Numerical control (NC), 145, 158, 159
Numerical control programs, 44, 145
NURBS curve. See Non-uniform rational Bspline
O
Object-oriented (OO)
Object-oriented database (OODB), 205
Object-oriented manufacturing feature
(OOMF), 199
Object-oriented programming (OOP), 121,
133, 199, 312, 339
Object-oriented software, 19, 24, 90
OD. See Outer diameter
Offset curves
offset curve computation, 259, 271, 272
offset curve representation, 270, 272
offsetting closed curves, 260, 261, 269
offsetting open curves, 269
OLAP. See Online analytical processing
Online analytical processing (OLAP), 35
OO. See Object-oriented
OODB. See OODB under Object-oriented
386 IndexOOMF. See OOMF under Object-oriented
OOP. See OOP under Object-oriented
Operational parameter optimization, 57, 81
Operations (feature, low-level, auxiliary, nongeometric), 98, 110
Optimization
algorithms, 1, 61, 84, 279, 285, 300, 379
Multidisciplinary design optimization
(MDO), 176
Multiple objective optimization (MOO), 279
Single objective optimization (SOO), 279,
279
techniques, 259, 275, 278, 279, 281, 298
Outer diameter (OD), 68
Over-constrained problem, 96, 356
P
P&ID. See Process and instrumentation
diagram
Parametric design process, 153, 355, 357
Parametric modeling, 46, 306, 357, 358, 361,
365, 375
Parameter referencing, 46
Parameters, 49, 54, 57, 58, 61, 73, 91, 92, 104,
120, 153, 162, 165, 169, 180, 196,
208, 261, 278, 280, 282, 284, 297,
298, 303, 314, 355, 357, 360, 361,
365, 370, 371, 373, 375, 378
Part accessibility, 34, 94, 312
Parts relation, 20, 24, 41, 48, 125, 128
PCM. See PCM under Product configuration
PDM. See Product data management
Performance measurement evaluation matrix
(PMEX), 5
Performance measurement for product development (PMPD), 5
Petroleum industry application
well drilling, 57, 61, 65. See also Well
drilling design
chemical process engineering, 5, 6, 14, 16,
18, 19, 38, 152, 167, 168, 186
PFD. See Process flow diagram
Physical vapor deposition (PVD), 225
Pin design (pin failure), 323
PLM. See Product lifecycle management
PMEX. See Performance measurement evaluation matrix
PMPD. See Performance measurement for
product development
Poke yoke, 10
Pressure vessel design
Diameter of nozzle constraint (DNC), 170
Diameter of piping (DP), 169
Shell thickness constraint (STC), 169
Process and instrumentation diagram (P&ID),
172
Process flow diagram (PFD), 38, 39, 151, 172
Process informatics modeling, 49
Process modeling, 15, 21, 33, 194, 353, 354,
359, 360
Process planning, 24, 107, 133, 159, 161,
193–195, 203, 210, 220, 227, 228
Process planning simulation (Graphical User
Interface), 210
Process sequencing (Setup planning), 200,
201, 223, 227, 240
Product configuration
configurations, 54, 67, 70, 79, 84, 158, 159,
182, 275–277, 282, 284–286, 288,
296–298, 300, 301, 335, 353
Product configuration management (PCM),
170, 184
Product data management (PDM), 46, 47, 143,
160
Product data management system (PDMS), 16,
144
Product development performance/evaluation,
2, 5
Product development process (and the five
steps as subentries?), 3–5, 45, 173,
307, 308, 311, 314, 355, 379
Product lifecycle management (PLM), 20, 33,
144, 147
Product realization process (PRP), 2
Progenitor curve, 259–261, 267, 270, 273
Propagation process, 46, 48, 118, 121, 123,
279, 357
PRP. See Product realization process
PVD. See Physical vapor deposition
Q
QFD. See Quality function deployment
Quality function deployment (QFD), 5
R
Rate of penetration (ROP), 61
R&D. See Research and development
RDB. See Relational database under Database
RE. See Reverse engineering
Relational database, 8, 227
Research and development (R&D), 3
Residence time (RT), 169
Reusability
reusable data structure, 304, 365
reuse mechanism, 362
Index 387Reverse engineering (RE), 305, 307–309
Revolution per minute (RPM), 73, 81, 253
ROP. See Rate of penetration
RPM. See Revolution per minute
RT. See Residence time
Rule-based expert system, 56, 129, 132
Rule-based methods, 56, 129, 132, 155. See
also Engineering rule under
Knowledge-based engineering
S
Scalability, 118, 122
Search strategies, 203
Self-intersection, 259–261, 267, 271, 273
Semantics
semantic integration model, 19, 42, 169,
186
semantic mapping, 42, 43, 369
semantic modeling, 2, 19, 22–26, 40–42,
44, 120, 167, 186
semantic repository, 34
Semantic schema layer (SSL), 42, 43
Setup planning (Process sequencing), 200
Sheet body features, 314, 345, 347, 348
Siemens programs
NX, 4, 70, 145, 146, 173, 184, 310, 328,
339, 340, 351, 363, 366, 375
NX knowledge fusion, 184
NX MoldWizard, 145
NX Nastran, 354, 366
Single objective optimization (SOO), 279
Skeleton functional features, 314
SkyBlue, 96
Single minute exchange of dies (SMED), 10
SmartPlant software. See Intergraph software
packages
Solid body features, 314, 345, 348
Solid modeling
solid modeling representation, 4, 32, 132,
149, 154, 159, 261, 266, 271
Boundary representation (B-Rep), 31, 123,
155
Constructive solid geometry (CSG), 31, 32
Solid product modeling. See Solid modeling
SOO. See single objective optimization under
Optimization
Specification features, 4, 7, 10, 36, 38–40, 42,
43, 46, 54, 68, 79, 81, 89, 109, 119,
120, 134, 146, 150, 169, 184, 276,
277, 282, 285, 301, 351
Spherical separator, 278, 369
SPM. See Supply and planning management
SQL. See Structured query language
SSL. See Semantic schema layer under
Semantics
Standard for the Exchange of Product model
data
AP, 5, 6, 7, 150, 160
AP227, 150
STEP, 6, 7, 8, 12, 36, 40, 46, 89, 107, 113,
147, 149, 151–153, 158, 160, 180,
196, 306
Static interaction, 215
STC. See Shell thickness constraint under
Pressure vessel design
STEP. See Standard for the Exchange of
Product model data
Stick design. See Excavator design
Strength calculation, 319
Stress calculation
bending, 319, 322, 323, 326–328, 330
shear, 319, 323, 326
torsional, 321
Structured Query Language (SQL), 8, 21, 35,
44, 196, 203, 204, 208, 209, 220,
223, 227
Supply and planning management (SPM), 33
System integration, 38, 45, 58, 167
T
TAT. See Tool-axis action tool
Tolerances, 180, 200, 202
Tool database, 195, 196, 203–205, 220, 223
Tool modeling, 16, 310
Tool paths (tool path generation), 259
Tools selection
tool alternatives, 204–206, 223, 253
tool sets, 205–207, 223
Topological entity, 91
Topology, 92, 106, 112, 124, 267, 271
Toyota
production system (TPS), 9
TPS. See TPS under Toyota
Transition four-bar linkages, 286, 332
True vertical depth (TVP), 74
TVD. See True vertical depth
U
UC. See Unified cells
UCM. See UCM under Unified Cells
UI. See User interface
UML. See Unified modeling language
Under-constrained problem, 130
Unified cells (UC)
Unified cellular model (UCM), 124
388 IndexUnified feature
unified feature modeling, 36, 44, 89–91,
93, 100, 111, 119–121, 124, 127,
132, 134, 139, 140, 162, 167, 168,
177, 179, 307, 356
Unified modeling language (UML), 20, 122,
184
User-defined features, 184
User interface (UI), 81, 137
V
Validity condition (constraint), 303, 309
Variational mechanisms, 303, 309
VE. See Virtual environment
Vertical data exchange, 147
Vertical separator, 369, 375, 376
Virtual environment (VE), 306
Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML),
210, 211, 213–217
VRML. See Virtual reality modeling language
W
Web Technology, 173, 174
Well-drilling design
bore hole, 58
bottom hole assembly, 55
drill bit selection, 55
drill-string design, 57, 62
expert slurry-design system, 55
Weight of bit (WOB), 61
well casing design, 55, 58
well casing selection, 55
well casing setting depth, 56–60
well casing size determination, 60
WOB. See Weight of bit under Well drilling
design
Workflow management system, 21
X
X3D. See Extensible 3D
XML. See Extensible markup language

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