Management – Leading & Collaborating in a Competitive World

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Thomas S. Bateman , Scott A. Snell

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12 أبريل 2024

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إدارة وإقتصاد, هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى

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Management – Leading & Collaborating in a Competitive World
Thomas S. Bateman
McIntire School of Commerce University of Virginia
Scott A. Snell
Darden Graduate School of Business University of Virginia
Chapter 1

New Management Connection about Jeff Bezos of
Amazonviii Preface
Chapter 7
New Management Connection about Popchips
New list of entrepreneurs in their 20s (Table 7.2)
New example of Limor Fried, founder of Adafruit
Industries
New examples of SpaceX and Bigelow Aerospace
New examples of itMD and Care at Hand—health
care technology companies receiving grants in an
area of new demand
New In Practice about 3Cinteractive
New example of Zipcar
Material on financial needs of a start-up collected
in one section, with the addition of material about
crowdfunding expansion under the JOBS Act
of 2012
New In Practice about David Karp, founder of
Tumblr
New example of Neema Bahramzad and Caitlin
Bales, founders of Locabal
New Concluding Case: ScrollCo
Chapter 8
New Management Connection about General
Motors
New In Practice about Coca-Cola’s board of
directors
New example of outside directors helping companies
during the Great Recession
New example of Time Warner Cable
New example of San Francisco Federal Credit Union
New In Practice about enterprise social networks
Chapter 9
New Management Connection about General
Electric
Updated Walmart example
New In Practice about Hewlett-Packard
New example of DreamWorks Animation
New In Practice about clothing customization by
eShakti and Bow & Drape
New example of Toyota
New example of Japanese companies revisiting their
approach to just-in-time, following the earthquake
and tsunami’s impact
New example of R. A. Jones & Co.
New example of New York Community Bancorp
New In Practice about the Bill and Melinda Gates
Foundation
New example of Procter & Gamble, including
A. G. Lafley on importance of strategy
New example of Zappos.com
New example of QlikTech, including sample graphic
for a SWOT analysis
New example of General Electric
New In Practice about Valve’s online distribution of
video games at the Steam website
New example of Bloomin’ Brands
New example of Spirit Airlines
New Concluding Case: Wish You Wood
Chapter 5
New Management Connection about IBM (including Smarter Planet initiative)
New In Practice fictional example of an ethical dilemma at a sign company
New example applying ethical principles to decisions
about fracking
New Table 5.2 with updated current examples of
ethical issues in business, including health care, social media, and telework
New In Practice about Red Frog Events
New Table 5.4 of Unisys Corporation’s code of
ethics
New example of Siemens
Chapter 6
New Management Connection about Lenovo
New examples (e.g., General Motors) of Chinese
manufacturing shifting toward more skilled manufacturing aimed at serving its growing middle class
South America information updated to include
growth beyond Brazil
New example of IBM finding opportunities in Africa
New example of Cinnabon in the Middle East and
Russia
New In Practice about Starbucks
New example of Panasonic
New example of U.S. tariffs on Chinese solar panels
New In Practice about Celtel
New Concluding Case: Net-Work DocsPreface ix
New example of Northeast Georgia Health System
New In Practice about RescueTime auto-analytics
for performance feedback
New example of Parasole restaurant group
New example of Plante Moran accounting firm
New In Practice about Mars Inc.
Chapter 14
New Management Connection about Whole Foods
Market
New example of FLEXcon
New example of Game Freak
New example of Lockheed Martin
New example of trend toward rapid team formation
New In Practice about Menlo Innovations
New example of National Information Solutions
Cooperative
New In Practice about Stand Up to Cancer Dream
Teams
New Concluding Case: Excel Pro Drilling Systems
Chapter 15
New Management Connection about Yahoo
New example of Cisco
New example of misperception when communicating with high-tech workers
Updated emphasis on social media in discussion of
electronic media as a communications channel
New IBM example of managing excessive e-mail
New In Practice about Automattic
New example of Exelon
New In Practice about communications by Kaiser
Permanente’s CEO
New example of listening
New example of horizontal communication at
National Public Radio
Chapter 16
New Management Connection about Best Buy
New example of La-Z-Boy
New example of BP
New In Practice about McDonald’s
New description of after-action reviews
New example of Virginia Mason Medical Center
Chapter 10
Updated Management Connection about Google
New examples of Johnson & Johnson, Colgate
New example of Ford Motor Company
Updated Figure 10.2
New In Practice about use of big data by Xerox and
Catalyst IT Services
Updated Table 10.1
New example of Verizon
Updated Figure 10.4
Updated information about CEO pay
New In Practice about Royal Dutch Shell
Chapter 11
New Management Connection about NASCAR
New Figure 11.2 about extent of diversity initiatives
Updated information on gender gap in pay
New information for Tables 11.1 and 11.2
New Table 11.4
New ranking of DiversityInc’s Best Companies for
Diversity
New In Practice about CVS Caremark
New example of Etsy
New In Practice about Ingersoll Rand
New Concluding Case: Niche Hotel Group
Chapter 12
New Management Connection about Meg Whitman
as leader of Hewlett-Packard
New example of Maria Green at Illinois Tool Works
New In Practice about Barbara Corcoran as leader of
Corcoran Group
New example of Jeff Bezos as leader of Amazon
New In Practice about David Novak as leader of
Yum Brands
New example of John Heer as leader of Mississippi
Health Services
New Concluding Case: Breitt, Starr & Diamond
LLC
Chapter 13
New Management Connection about SAS
New example of QuikTrip convenience-store
chainx Preface
for yourself and for other people. What managers do
matters tremendously.
Acknowledgments
This book could not have been written and published
without the valuable contributions of many individuals.
Ingrid Benson and her colleagues at Words &
Numbers were instrumental in creating a strong 11th
edition. Many thanks for their meticulous attention to
detail, ideas, and contributions. Ingrid has become a
valued friend throughout the process; we couldn’t have
done it, or had as much fun, without Ingrid.
Special thanks to Lily Bowles, Taylor Gray, and
Meg Nexsen for contributing their knowledge, insights,
and research to Appendix B: Managing in Our Natural
Environment.
Our reviewers over the last ten editions contributed time, expertise, and terrific ideas that significantly
enhanced the quality of the text. The reviewers of the
11th edition are
Laura L. Alderson
University of Memphis
Daniel Arturo Cernas Ortiz
University of North Texas
Claudia S. Davis
Sam Houston State University
Greg Dickens
Sam Houston State University
Michael Drafke
College of DuPage
Judson Faurer
Metropolitan State University of Denver
Shirley Fedorovich
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Randall Fletcher
Sinclair Community College
Rebecca M. Guidice
University of North Carolina-Wilmington
Dan Hallock
University of North Alabama
Ivan Franklin Harber, Jr.
Indian River State College
David Lynn Hoffman
Metropolitan State University of Denver
Cathleen Hohner
College of DuPage
Carrie Hurst
Tennessee State University
Jacquelyn D. Jacobs
University of Tennessee
Donald E. Kreps
Kutztown University
Christopher McChesney
Indian River State College
New description of sustainability audits and the
triple bottom line
Updated In Practice about the Ritz Carlton
New example of Ethicon
Chapter 17
New Management Connection about Tesla Motors
New paragraph on disruptive innovation
New example of forces for innovation in higher education
New In Practice about Square mobile payments
New example of Rethink Robotics
New example of GE’s ultra-tiny electronics cooling
system
New In Practice about manufacturing transformed
by 3D printers
New description of innovations as competency
enhancing or competency destroying
New example of acquisitions by Twitter
New example of open innovation at Elmer’s Products
Chapter 18
New Management Connection about Time Warner
New example of resistance to a change in banking:
use of universal agents with broad job descriptions
New In Practice about change to open workspaces at
American Express and other companies
New example of Envision
New paragraph updating Kotter’s model of change
leadership for turbulent times
New Concluding Case: EatWell Technologies
Contents
PART ONE FOUNDATIONS OF MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 1
Managing and Performing 2
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 3
Managing in the New Competitive Landscape 4
Globalization 4
Technological Change 5
Knowledge Management 6
Collaboration across Boundaries 6
Managing for Competitive Advantage 7
Innovation 7
Quality 8
Service 9
Speed 9
Cost Competitiveness 10
Sustainability 11
Delivering All Types of Performance 12
The Functions of Management 12
Planning: Delivering Strategic Value 13
Organizing: Building a Dynamic Organization 13
Leading: Mobilizing People 14
Controlling: Learning and Changing 14
Performing All Four Management Functions 15
Management Connection Progress Report 15
Management Levels and Skills 16
Top-Level Managers 16
Middle-Level Managers 16
Frontline Managers 17
Working Leaders with Broad Responsibilities 18
Management Skills 18
You and Your Career 20
Be Both a Specialist and a Generalist 21
Be Self-Reliant 21
Connect 22
Actively Manage Your Relationship with Your Organization 23
Survive and Thrive 24
Management Connection Onward 25
Key Terms 25
Summary of Learning Objectives 26
Discussion Questions 26
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 27
CONCLUDING CASE: A New Manager
at USA Hospital Supply 32
Appendix A: The Evolution of Management 33
Key Terms 39
Discussion Questions 40
CHAPTER 2
The External and Internal
Environments 42
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 43
A Look Ahead 45
The Macroenvironment 45
The Economy 45
Technology 47
Laws and Regulations 48
Demographics 49
Social Issues 50
Sustainability and the
Natural Environment 50
The Competitive Environment 51
Competitors 51
New Entrants 52
Substitutes and Complements 53
Suppliers 55
Customers 56
Management Connection Progress Report 58
Environmental Analysis 58
Environmental Scanning 59
Scenario Development 59
Forecasting 60
Benchmarking 60
Responding to the Environment 61
Changing the Environment You Are In 61
Influencing Your Environment 62
Adapting to the Environment:
Changing Yourself 64
Choosing a Response Approach 66xxvi Contents
Barriers to Effective Decision Making 89
Psychological Biases 89
Management Connection Progress Report 90
Time Pressures 91
Social Realities 93
Decision Making in Groups 93
Potential Advantages of Using a Group 93
Potential Problems of Using a Group 94
Managing Group Decision Making 95
Leadership Style 95
Constructive Conflict 96
Encouraging Creativity 97
Brainstorming 98
Organizational Decision Making 98
Constraints on Decision Makers 98
Organizational Decision Processes 99
Decision Making in a Crisis 100
Management Connection Onward 102
Key Terms 103
Summary of Learning Objectives 103
Discussion Questions 104
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 104
CONCLUDING CASE: Soaring Eagle
Skate Company 106
Part One Supporting Case: SSS Software
In-Basket Exercise 106
Case Incidents 117
The International Environment of Organizations:
Culture and Climate 66
Organization Culture 67
Organizational Climate 71
Management Connection Onward 72
Key Terms 73
Summary of Learning Objectives 73
Discussion Questions 74
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 74
CONCLUDING CASE: Wild Water Gets Soaked 77
CHAPTER 3
Managerial Decision
Making 78
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 79
Characteristics of Managerial Decisions 80
Lack of Structure 80
Uncertainty and Risk 81
Conflict 82
The Phases of Decision Making 83
Identifying and Diagnosing the Problem 83
Generating Alternative Solutions 84
Evaluating Alternatives 85
Making the Choice 86
Implementing the Decision 87
Evaluating the Decision 88
The Best Decision 89
PART TWO PLANNING: DELIVERING STRATEGIC VALUE
CHAPTER 4
Planning and Strategic
Management 118
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 119
An Overview of Planning Fundamentals 120
The Basic Planning Process 120
Levels of Planning 125
Strategic Planning 125
Tactical and Operational Planning 125
Aligning Tactical, Operational,
and Strategic Planning 126
Strategic Planning 127
Management Connection Progress Report 129
Step 1: Establishment of Mission, Vision, and Goals 130
Step 2: Analysis of External Opportunities and Threats 132
Step 3: Analysis of Internal Strengths and Weaknesses 134
Step 4: SWOT Analysis and Strategy Formulation 137
Step 5: Strategy Implementation 143
Step 6: Strategic Control 144
Management Connection Onward 145
Key Terms 146
Summary of Learning Objectives 146
Discussion Questions 147Contents xxvii
Global Strategy 200
Pressures for Global Integration 200
Pressures for Local Responsiveness 201
Choosing a Global Strategy 202
Management Connection
Progress Report 206
Entry Mode 206
Exporting 207
Licensing 207
Franchising 208
Joint Ventures 208
Wholly Owned Subsidiaries 209
Managing across Borders 210
Skills of the Global Manager 210
Understanding Cultural Issues 213
Ethical Issues in International Management 216
Management Connection Onward 218
Key Terms 219
Summary of Learning Objectives 219
Discussion Questions 220
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 220
CONCLUDING CASE: A Global Launch
for Net-Work Docs 221
CHAPTER 7
Entrepreneurship 224
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 225
Entrepreneurship 229
Why Become an Entrepreneur? 229
What Does It Take to Succeed? 230
What Business Should You Start? 231
What Does It Take, Personally? 236
Success and Failure 238
Management Connection Progress Report 243
Increasing Your Chances of Success 244
Corporate Entrepreneurship 249
Building Support for Your Idea 249
Building Intrapreneurship 250
Management Challenges 250
Entrepreneurial Orientation 250
Management Connection Onward 252
Key Terms 252
Summary of Learning Objectives 252
Discussion Questions 253
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 254
CONCLUDING CASE:
Rolling Out ScrollCo 257
Part Two Supporting Case: Can Foxconn
Deliver for Apple? 257
Appendix C: Information for Entrepreneurs 259
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 147
CONCLUDING CASE: Wish You Wood Toy Store 151
CHAPTER 5
Ethics, Corporate
Responsibility, and
Sustainability 152
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 153
It’s a Big Issue 154
It’s a Personal Issue 154
Ethics 156
Ethical Systems 156
Business Ethics 159
The Ethics Environment 160
Ethical Decision Making 164
Courage 166
Management Connection Progress Report 167
Corporate Social Responsibility 167
Contrasting Views 169
Reconciliation 170
The Natural Environment and Sustainability 171
A Risk Society 171
Ecocentric Management 172
Environmental Agendas for the Future 173
Management Connection Onward 174
Key Terms 175
Summary of Learning Objectives 175
Discussion Questions 176
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 176
CONCLUDING CASE: Ma Earth Skin Care Tries to Stay
Natural 178
Appendix B: Managing in Our
Natural Environment 179
Key Terms 184
Discussion Questions 185
CHAPTER 6
International
Management 186
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 187
Managing in a (Sometimes) Flat World 188
Implications of a Flat World 188
The Role of Outsourcing 192
The Global Environment 194
European Unification 195
Asia: China and India’s Ascent 196
The Americas 198
Africa and the Middle East 199xxviii Contents
PART THREE ORGANIZING: BUILDING A DYNAMIC ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER 8
Organization Structure 262
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 263
Fundamentals of Organizing 264
Differentiation 264
Integration 265
The Vertical Structure 266
Authority in Organizations 267
Hierarchical Levels 269
Span of Control 269
Delegation 270
Decentralization 272
The Horizontal Structure 273
The Functional Organization 275
The Divisional Organization 276
The Matrix Organization 278
Management Connection Progress Report 279
The Network Organization 282
Organizational Integration 283
Coordination by Standardization 284
Coordination by Plan 284
Coordination by Mutual Adjustment 285
Coordination and Communication 285
Looking Ahead 287
Management Connection Onward 288
Key Terms 289
Summary of Learning Objectives 289
Discussion Questions 290
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 290
CONCLUDING CASE: Stanley Lynch Investment Group 292
CHAPTER 9
Organizational Agility 294
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 295
The Responsive Organization 296
Strategy and Organizational Agility 298
Organizing around Core Capabilities 298
Strategic Alliances 299
The Learning Organization 300
The High-Involvement Organization 301
Organizational Size and Agility 302
The Case for Big 302
The Case for Small 302
Being Big and Small 303
Management Connection Progress Report 306
Customers and the Responsive Organization 306
Customer Relationship Management 307
Quality Initiatives 309
Reengineering 311
Technology and Organizational Agility 312
Types of Technology Configurations 313
Organizing for Flexible Manufacturing 313
Organizing for Speed: Time-Based Competition 317
Final Thoughts on Organizational Agility 320
Management Connection Onward 320
Key Terms 321
Summary of Learning Objectives 321
Discussion Questions 322
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 322
CONCLUDING CASE: DIY Stores 324
CHAPTER 10
Human Resources
Management 326
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 327
Strategic Human Resources Management 328
The HR Planning Process 330
Staffing the Organization 333
Recruitment 333
Selection 334
Workforce Reductions 340
Developing the Workforce 344
Training and Development 344
Management Connection Progress Report 346
Performance Appraisal 347
What Do You Appraise? 347
Who Should Do the Appraisal? 349
How Do You Give Employees Feedback? 350
Designing Reward Systems 351
Pay Decisions 351
Incentive Systems and Variable Pay 353Contents xxix
Executive Pay and Stock Options 354
Employee Benefits 355
Legal Issues in Compensation and Benefits 356
Health and Safety 356
Labor Relations 358
Labor Laws 358
Unionization 358
Collective Bargaining 359
What Does the Future Hold? 360
Management Connection Onward 361
Key Terms 362
Summary of Learning Objectives 362
Discussion Questions 363
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 363
CONCLUDING CASE: Invincibility Systems 365
CHAPTER 11
Managing the Diverse
Workforce 368
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 369
Diversity: A Brief History 370
Diversity Today 372
The Workforce of the Future 373
The Age of the Workforce 381
Managing Diversity versus Affirmative Action 383
Competitive Advantage through Diversity
and Inclusion 384
Challenges of Diversity and Inclusion 386
Management Connection Progress Report 389
Multicultural Organizations 389
How Organizations Can Cultivate
a Diverse Workforce 391
Top Management’s Leadership and Commitment 391
Organizational Assessment 392
Attracting Employees 392
Training Employees 394
Retaining Employees 395
Management Connection Onward 397
Key Terms 398
Summary of Learning Objectives 398
Discussion Questions 399
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 399
CONCLUDING CASE: Niche Hotel Group 402
Part Three Supporting Case: Zappos 402
PART FOUR LEADING: MOBILIZING PEOPLE
CHAPTER 12
Leadership 404
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 405
What Do We Want from Our Leaders? 406
Vision 407
Leading and Managing 409
Leading and Following 410
Power and Leadership 410
Sources of Power 411
Traditional Approaches to Understanding Leadership 412
Leader Traits 412
Leader Behaviors 413
Situational Approaches to Leadership 417
Management Connection Progress Report 423
Contemporary Perspectives on Leadership 424
Charismatic Leadership 424
Transformational Leadership 425
Authenticity 427
Opportunities for Leaders 428
A Note on Courage 429
Developing Your Leadership Skills 429
How Do I Start? 430
What Are the Keys? 430
Management Connection Onward 431
Key Terms 432
Summary of Learning Objectives 432
Discussion Questions 433
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 433
CONCLUDING CASE: Breitt, Starr & Diamond LLC 437
CHAPTER 13
Motivating for
Performance 438xxx Contents
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 439
Motivating for Performance 440
Setting Goals 441
Goals That Motivate 441
Stretch Goals 442
Limitations of Goal Setting 442
Set Your Own Goals 443
Reinforcing Performance 443
(Mis)Managing Rewards and Punishments 444
Managing Mistakes 445
Providing Feedback 446
Performance-Related Beliefs 447
The Effort-to-Performance Link 447
The Performance-to-Outcome Link 447
Impact on Motivation 448
Managerial Implications of Expectancy Theory 448
Management Connection Progress Report 449
Understanding People’s Needs 449
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy 450
Alderfer’s ERG Theory 451
McClelland’s Needs 452
Need Theories: International Perspectives 452
Designing Motivating Jobs 453
Job Rotation, Enlargement, and Enrichment 454
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory 454
The Hackman and Oldham Model of Job Design 455
Empowerment 456
Achieving Fairness 457
Assessing Equity 458
Restoring Equity 459
Procedural Justice 459
Job Satisfaction 460
Quality of Work Life 460
Psychological Contracts 462
Management Connection Onward 463
Key Terms 463
Summary of Learning Objectives 464
Discussion Questions 464
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 465
CONCLUDING CASE: Big Bison Resorts:
Finding the Key to What Employees Value 467
CHAPTER 14
Teamwork 470
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 471
The Contributions of Teams 472
Types of Teams 472
Self-Managed Teams 474
Management Connection Progress Report 475
How Groups Become Real Teams 476
Group Processes 476
Critical Periods 477
Teaming Challenges 477
Why Groups Sometimes Fail 477
Building Effective Teams 478
Performance Focus 479
Motivating Teamwork 479
Member Contributions 480
Norms 481
Roles 481
Cohesiveness 482
Building Cohesiveness and
High-Performance Norms 483
Managing Lateral Relationships 485
Managing Outward 485
Lateral Role Relationships 485
Managing Conflict 486
Conflict Styles 486
Being a Mediator 488
Electronic and Virtual Conflict 489
Management Connection Onward 490
Key Terms 491
Summary of Learning Objectives 491
Discussion Questions 492
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 492
CONCLUDING CASE: Excel Pro
Drilling Systems 494
CHAPTER 15
Communicating 496
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 497
Interpersonal Communication 498
One-Way versus Two-Way Communication 498
Communication Pitfalls 499
Mixed Signals and Misperception 500
Oral and Written Channels 501
Electronic Media 501
Media Richness 505
Management Connection Progress Report 505
Improving Communication Skills 506
Improving Sender Skills 506
Nonverbal Skills 509
Improving Receiver Skills 510
Organizational Communication 512
Downward Communication 512
Upward Communication 514
Horizontal Communication 515
Informal Communication 516
Boundarylessness 517
Management Connection Onward 518
Key Terms 518
Summary of Learning Objectives 518
Discussion Questions 519Contents xxxi
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 520
CONCLUDING CASE: Best Trust Bank 522
Part Four Supporting Case: Leading and Motivating
When Disaster Strikes: Magna Exteriors and
Interiors 523
PART FIVE CONTROLLING: LEARNING AND CHANGING
CHAPTER 16
Managerial Control 526
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 527
Bureaucratic Control Systems 529
The Control Cycle 529
Approaches to Bureaucratic Control 533
Management Audits 537
Budgetary Controls 538
Financial Controls 541
Management Connections Progress Report 544
The Downside of Bureaucratic Control 544
Designing Effective Control Systems 546
The Other Controls: Markets and Clans 550
Market Control 551
Clan Control: The Role of Empowerment and Culture 553
Management Connection Onward 555
Key Terms 556
Summary of Learning Objectives 556
Discussion Questions 557
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 557
CONCLUDING CASE: The Grizzly Bear Lodge 559
CHAPTER 17
Managing Technology
and Innovation 560
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 561
Technology and Innovation 562
Technology Life Cycle 564
Diffusion of Technological Innovations 565
Technological Innovation in a Competitive Environment 566
Technology Leadership 567
Technology Followership 569
Assessing Technology Needs 570
Measuring Current Technologies 570
Assessing External Technological Trends 571
Key Factors to Consider in Technology Decisions 572
Anticipated Market Receptiveness 572
Technological Feasibility 573
Economic Viability 574
Anticipated Capability Development 575
Organizational Suitability 576
Management Connection Progress Report 577
Sourcing and Acquiring New Technologies 578
Internal Development 578
Purchase 578
Contracted Development 578
Licensing 579
Technology Trading 579
Research Partnerships and Joint Ventures 579
Acquisition of an Owner of the Technology 579
Technology and Managerial Roles 580
Organizing for Innovation 582
Unleashing Creativity 583
Bureaucracy Busting 584
Implementing Development Projects 585
Technology, Job Design, and Human Resources 586
Management Connection Onward 587
Key Terms 587
Summary of Learning Objectives 588
Discussion Questions 588
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 589
CONCLUDING CASE: Worldwide Games 589
Appendix D: Operations Management in the New
Economy 591
Key Terms 598
Discussion Questions 598
CHAPTER 18
Creating and Leading
Change 600
Management Connection Manager’s Brief 601xxxii Contents
Becoming World Class 602
Sustainable, Great Futures 602
The Tyranny of the Or 604
The Genius of the And 604
Achieving Sustained Greatness 604
Organization Development 605
Managing Change 606
Motivating People to Change 606
A General Model for Managing Resistance 609
Specific Approaches to Enlist Cooperation 611
Management Connection Progress Report 613
Harmonizing Multiple Changes 614
Leading Change 614
Shaping the Future 617
Thinking about the Future 617
Creating the Future 618
Shaping Your Own Future 620
Learning and Leading 621
A Collaborative, Sustainable Future? 622
Management Connection Onward 623
Key Terms 624
Summary of Learning Objectives 624
Discussion Questions 624
EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISES 625
CONCLUDING CASE: EatWell Technologies 627
Part Five Supporting Case: Technology Helps Dollar
General Pinch Pennies 628
Notes
Photo Credits
Glossary/Subject Index
Name Index
GLOSSARY / SUBJECTS
A
ABC Supply, 239
Accelerators, business, 240
Accommodating work/family needs, 393
Accommodation A style of dealing with
conflict involving cooperation on behalf of the
other party but not being assertive about one’s
own interests, 397, 487–488
Accountability The expectation that
employees will perform a job, take corrective
action when necessary, and report upward on
the status and quality of their performance,
271, 397
Accounting audits Procedures used to
verify accounting reports and statements, 540
Achievement, need for, 452
Achievement-oriented leadership, 421
Acquisition One firm buying another, 61
mergers and, 140–141
of new technology, 578–580
Action phase, 477
Active employee, 23
Activision Blizzard, 268
Activity-based costing (ABC)
A method of cost accounting designed to identify
streams of activity and then to allocate costs
across particular business processes according to
the amount of time employees devote to particular
activities, 540
ADA, 164, 342, 343, 380–381, 397
Adapters Companies that take the current
industry structure and its evolution as givens, and
choose where to compete, 618
Adecco, 65
Adhocracy, 70
Adidas, 11
Adjustment, mutual, 285, 286
Administrative management, 36
Advanced Training Source, 394
Adverse impact When a seemingly
neutral employment practice has a
disproportionately negative effect on a protected
group, 342
Advertising support model Charging
fees to advertise on a site, 234
Advisory boards, 248
Advisory relationships, 486
AEP, 183
Aéropostale, 57
Aetna, 12, 20
Affective conflict Emotional disagreement
directed toward other people, 96
Affiliate model Charging fees to direct site
visitors to other companies’ sites, 234
Affiliation, need for, 452
Affirmative action Special efforts to
recruit and hire qualified members of groups
that have been discriminated against in the past,
383–388
Affordable Care Act, 48, 233, 355
Africa, 199–200
After-action review A frank and openminded discussion of four basic questions aimed at
continuous improvement, 533
Age Discrimination in Employment Act, 342, 343
Age of the workforce, 381–383
Aggression, competitive, 62
Agroelectric System of Appropriate Technology,
235
Air Canada, 90
Airbus, 79
Alderfer’s ERG theory A human needs
theory postulating that people have three basic
sets of needs that can operate simultaneously,
451–452
Allbusiness.com, 225, 252
Alliances, strategic, 63, 141, 299–300, 301
Allied Signal, 535
Alternative work schedules, 393
Amazon, 3–4, 7, 25, 54, 58, 80, 84, 135, 225, 234,
304, 308, 425, 562, 567, 576, 595–596
American Airlines, 140
American Customer Satisfaction Index, 303
American Electric Power Co., 182
American Express, 62, 602, 608–609
American Management Association, 380
American Society for Training and Development,
344
American Training Resources, 394–395
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 164, 342,
343, 380–381, 397
Amgen, 618
Analysis
competitor, 132
cost-benefit, 181
environmental, 58–61, 74–75, 132–133
external opportunities and threats, 132–134
financial, 135
force-field, 610
human resources, 132, 135
industry, 132
internal strengths and weaknesses, 134–137,
149–150
job, 333
life-cycle, 172
macroeconomic, 132
market, 132
operations, 135
opportunity, 132–134, 137–138, 149–150, 244
political and regulatory, 132
quantitative, 38
self-SWOT, 137
situational, 120–121
social, 132
SWOT, 137–138, 149–150
technological, 132
Analyzer firms, 576
AngelList, 246
Anheuser-Busch, 136
Anticipated competency development, 575–576
Anticipated market receptiveness, 572–573
Antitrust, 196
AOL, 141, 601
A&P, 138
APEC, 198, 207
Apple, 3–4, 8, 9, 54, 58, 61, 62, 67, 87, 182, 198,
229, 246, 300, 395, 566, 581, 583
Applications for jobs, 334
Applied Materials, 516
Appraisal by subordinates, 349
Appraisal of performance; see Performance
appraisal
Arbitration The use of a neutral third party
to resolve a labor dispute, 360
Archer Daniels Midland, 55
Ariba, 596
Arm & Hammer, 173
Articulated needs, 618–619
ASEAN, 198
Asia, 196–198
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), 198,
207
Assessment center A managerial
performance test in which candidates
participate in a variety of exercises and
situations, 337
Assets The values of the various items the
corporation owns, 134, 541
Assistive technologies, 380
Association for the Advancement of Retired People
(AARP), 381
Association of Southeast Asian Nations, 198
Assumptions, unexamined, 386
Astroturfing, 156
At-will employment, 340
ATI Technologies, 57
AT&T, 209, 210, 337, 428
Audit relationships, 486
Audits
accounting, 540
external, 537
internal, 537
management, 537–538
marketing, 135
sustainability, 538
technology, 570
Auntie Anne’s, 208
Authentic leadership A style in which the
leader is true to himself or herself while leading,
427
Authoritarianism, 422
Authority The legitimate right to make
decisions and to tell other people what to do,
267
decentralized, 64, 272–273
delegating, 241, 270–272
informal, 267
in organizations, 267–269
Autocratic leadership A form of
leadership in which the leader makes decisions
on his or her own and then announces those
decisions to the group, 415
Automattic Inc., 504
Autonomous work groups Groups
that control decisions about and execution of a
complete range of tasks, 475
Autonomy, 456
Avio, 139
Avis, 410
Avoidance A reaction to conflict that
involves ignoring the problem by doing
nothing at all or deemphasizing the
disagreement, 487
Avon Products Inc., 278, 377, 391, 395
A&W, 231
Awards, for quality, 310–311
Awareness building, 394
AXA Canada, 136–137IND-2 Glossary / Subjects
control cycle, 529–533
designing effective, 546–550
downside of, 544–546
financial controls, 541–544
management audits, 537–538
Burger King, 313, 392
Burt’s Bees, 166, 173
Business accelerators Organization
that provides support and advice to help young
businesses grow, 240
Business ethics The moral principles and
standards that guide behavior in the world of
business, 156, 159–160; see also Ethics
Business failures, 7, 238–243
Business incubators Protected
environments for new, small businesses, 240
Business model innovation, 562
Business models, 234
Business plan A formal planning step that
focuses on the entire venture and describes all the
elements involved in starting it, 244–245
Business portfolio, 139
Business strategy The major actions by
which a business competes in a particular industry
or market, 141–142
Business-to-business (BB) selling, 57
C
Caesar Rivise, 393
CafePress, 234
Cafeteria benefit program An employee
benefit program in which employees choose from
a menu of options to create a benefit package
tailored to their needs, 356
CAFTA-DR, 199
CalPERS, 184
Campbell Soup, 451
Canon, 319
Capital
human, 329–330
intellectual, 329
social, 23, 248
Capital budget, 539
Capital One, 537
Capterra, 83–86, 88–89
Carbon footprint The output of carbon
dioxide and other greenhouses gases, 172
Care at Hand, 233
Care USA, 268
Career management
continuous learning, 621–622
keys to success, 20–25
networking, 29
Personal Assessment of Management Skills
(PAMS), 27–29
planning worksheet, 30–32
promotions, 396–397
CareerBuilder.com, 334
Cargill Animal Nutrition, 451
Carlson Leisure Travel, 547
CarMax, 618
Carmike Cinema, 275
Carrabba’s, 142–143
Carrying capacity, 180
Bonuses
for innovation, 98
for management, 353
Bootlegging Informal work on projects, other
than those officially assigned, of employees’ own
choosing and initiative, 250
Borders Books, 372
Borrow-use-return, 172
Boston Consulting Group, 139, 582
Boundary-spanning Interacting with
people in other groups, thus creating linkages
between groups, 485
Boundaryless organization
Organization in which there are no barriers to
information flow, 320, 517
Bounded rationality A less-than-perfect
form of rationality in which decision makers
cannot be perfectly rational because decisions are
complex and complete information is unavailable
or cannot be fully processed, 99
Brainstorming A process in which group
members generate as many ideas about a
problem as they can; criticism is withheld until all
ideas have been proposed, 98, 502, 585
Brand identification, 53
Bribery Act, 217
Bribes, 48, 158, 216–217
Bricks and mortar business, 595
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 182
British Petroleum, 50, 92, 100, 212, 528, 562
Broker A person who assembles and
coordinates participants in a network, 283
Brooks, 598
Brown Flynn, 445
Brown v. Board of Education, 371
Browning-Ferris, 183
Budgetary controls, 538–540
Budgeting The process of investigating
what is being done and comparing the results
with the corresponding budget data to verify
accomplishments or remedy differences; also
called budgetary controlling, 538
activity-based costing, 540
capital, 539
cash, 539
cost, 539
master, 539
operational, 145
production, 539
sales expense, 538–539
strategic, 145
types of, 539–540
Buffering Creating supplies of excess
resources in case of unpredictable needs, 64
Built to Last, 604
Bull and bear markets, 47
Bureaucracy, 37–38, 64, 584–585
Bureaucratic control The use of rules,
regulations, and authority to guide performance,
529; see also Control systems
approaches to, 533–537
budgetary controls; see Budgeting
B
Baby-boomers, 381
Background checks, 336
BAE Systems, 411
Bain Consulting, 431
Balance sheet A report that shows the
financial picture of a company at a given time and
itemizes assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity,
541–542
Balanced scorecard Control system
combining four sets of performance measures:
financial, customer, business process, and learning
and growth, 127, 550
Baldrige Award, 310–311
Bank Boston, 167
Bank of America, 167
Bargaining
collective, 359–360
online, 502
Barnes & Noble, 54, 298
Barriers to entry Conditions that prevent
new companies from entering an industry,
52–53
BARS, 347–348
Base technologies, 571
Baskin-Robbins, 8
Batesville Casket Company, 579
Bayer, 61, 182, 332
BCG matrix, 139–140
Bechtel, 211, 279
Behavior, consequences of, 443–444
Behavioral appraisals, 347
Behavioral approach A leadership
perspective that attempts to identify what good
leaders do—that is, what behaviors they exhibit,
413–417
Behavioral description interview, 335
Behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS),
347–348
Bell Labs, 578
Beloit Corporation, 239
Ben & Jerry’s, 173, 441
Benchmarking The process of comparing
an organization’s practices and technologies
with those of other companies, 60–61,
136–137, 572
Benefits, for employees, 50, 355–356
Best Buy, 234, 317, 527–528, 544, 555
Best-case scenario, 59
Best-in-class, 60–61
Best practices, 136
Biases, psychological, 89–91
Bigelow Aerospace, 233
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 124
BlackRock, 22
Blake and Mouton’s Leadership Grid, 416
Blockbuster, 52
Blogging, 501, 503–504
Bloomin’ Brands, 142
Bluefin Labs, 580
BMC Software, 318
BMW, 193
Board of directors, 267–268
Boards, advisory, 248
Body language, 509–510
Body Shop, 173
Boeing, 55–56, 79, 90, 102, 233, 279, 429, 472, 502
Bombardier, 563
Bonefish Grill, 142Glossary / Subjects IND-3
assertiveness to maximize both parties’
satisfaction, 487–488
Collective bargaining, 359–360
Collectivism, 214–215
Comcast, 139, 308
CommonBond Communities, 517
Communication The transmission of
information and meaning from one party to
another through the use of shared symbols,
496–525, 498
boundaryless, 320, 517
change management and, 612
collaboration across boundaries, 6–7
coordination and, 285–286
cross-cultural, 213–216, 508–509
downward, 512–514
electronic, 501–504
foreign speakers, 508–509
formal, 516
horizontal, 515–516
improving skills, 506–512
informal, 516–517
interpersonal, 20, 498–505
listening, 510
maintaining open, 549–550
mixed signals, 500–501
nonverbal, 509–510
one-way versus two-way, 498–499
oral, 501, 531
organizational, 512–517
pitfalls, 499–500
problems with, 386–387
receiver skills, 510–512
sender skills, 506–509
upward, 514–515
written, 501, 531
Comparable worth Principle of equal pay
for different jobs of equal worth, 356
Compensation, 351–356, 586
Competency development, 575–576
Competing A style of dealing with conflict
involving strong focus on one’s own goals and
little or no concern for the other person’s goals,
487–488
Competitive aggression, 62
Competitive environment
The immediate environment surrounding a firm;
includes suppliers, customers, rivals, and the like,
44
competitors, 51–52, 246–247
customers, 56–57, 306–312
suppliers, 55–56
threat of new entrants, 52–53
threat of substitutes, 53–55
Competitive intelligence Information
that helps managers determine how to compete
better, 59
Competitive pacification, 62
Competitive position, 139
Competitor analysis, 132
Competitors, 51–52, 246–247
Complacency, reasons for, 614–616
Complements, product, 53–55
Complexity, environmental, 58–59
Compliance-based ethics programs
Company mechanisms typically designed by
corporate counsel to prevent, detect, and punish
legal violations, 164
arouse a sense of excitement and adventure in
followers, 424–425
Charts, organizational, 264–265, 276, 297
Chase Paymentech Solutions, 308
Chemdex, 596
Chemical Manufacturers Association, 182
ChemLawn, 230
Chevron, 212
Chicago Transit Authority, 183
Chick-fil-A, 441
Chief executive officer (CEO), 16, 268–269
Chief financial officer (CFO), 539
Chief information officer (CIO)
Executive in charge of information technology
strategy and development, 580–581
Chief innovation officer, 581
Chief operating officer (COO), 16
Chief technology officer (CTO), 580–581
China, 196–198
Chipotle, 232
CH2M Hill, 274, 376
Chrysler, 190, 313, 426, 587
CIBA-GEIGY, 184
CIM, 314–315
Cinergy, 183
Circuit City, 330, 527
Cisco, 4, 140, 183, 427, 499, 508
Citicorp, 602
Citigroup, 198
Citrix Systems, 97
City of Redmond, Washington, 131
Civil aspirations, 169
Civil Rights Act, 342, 343, 371, 376
Clan control Control based on the norms,
values, shared goals, and trust among group
members, 529, 553–554
Classical approaches to management, 33–38
Clorox, 173
Closeness of supervision, 414
Coaching Dialogue with a goal of helping
another be more effective and achieve his or her
full potential on the job, 346, 513
Coalition, 63
Coalitional model Model of organizational
decision making in which groups with differing
preferences use power and negotiation to
influence decisions, 99
Coca-Cola, 5, 50, 51–53, 55, 135, 156, 170, 173,
202, 212, 263, 268, 513
Cocheco Company, 34
Code of ethics, 163–164
Coercion, 612–613
Coercive power, 412
Cognitive ability tests, 337, 338
Cognitive conflict Issue-based differences
in perspectives or judgments, 96
Cognitive moral development, 159
Cohesiveness The degree to which a
group is attractive to its members, members are
motivated to remain in the group, and members
influence one another, 386, 482–484
Cold Stone Creamery, 208, 344
Colgate, 173, 210, 328
Collaboration A style of dealing with
conflict emphasizing both cooperation and
Cases
Best Trust Bank, 522–523
Big Bison Resorts: Finding the Key to What
Employees Value, 467–468
Breitt, Starr & Diamond LLC, 437
Can Foxconn Deliver for Apple, 257–258
DIY Stores, 324
Eatwell Technologies, 627
Excel Pro Drilling Systems, 494
A Global Launch for Net-Work Docs,
221–222
Grizzly Bear Lodge, 559
Invincibility Systems, 365–366
Leading and Motivating When Disaster Strikes,
523–524
Ma Earth Skin Care Tries To Stay Natural, 178
A New Manager at USA Hospital Supply, 32
Niche Hotel Group, 402
Robot Repercussion, 628–630
Rolling out Scrollco, 257
Soaring Eagle Skate Company, 106
SSS Software In-Basket Exercise, 106–116
Stanley Lynch Investment Group, 292
Technology Helps Dollar General Pinch
Pennies, 628
Wild Water Gets Soaked, 77
Wish You Wood Toy Store, 151
Worldwide Games, 589–590
Zappos, 402–403
Cash budget, 539
Cash cows, 139–140
Caspers Company, 332
Catalyst, 339
Caterpillar Tractor, 217
Caux Principles Ethical principles
established by international executives based in
Caux, Switzerland, in collaboration with business
leaders from Japan, Europe, and the United
States, 157
Caux Roundtable, 157
Celtel, 216–217
CEMEX, 199
Central American Free Trade Agreement
(CAFTA), 199
Centralized organization
An organization in which high-level executives
make most decisions and pass them down to
lower levels for implementation, 272–273
CERES principles, 180
Certainty The state that exists when decision
makers have accurate and comprehensive
information, 81
Certification, of quality, 311
C.F. Martin & Company, 138
Change management, 600–631
becoming world class, 602–605
continuous learning, 621–622
creating the future, 618–620
enlisting cooperation, 611–613
leading, 614–617
managing multiple changes, 614
motivating people; see Motivation
proactive, 617
reactive, 617
resistance to, 606–611
shaping the future, 617–623
technological, 5–6
total organization, 614
Chaparral, 585
Charismatic leader A person who is
dominant, self-confident, convinced of the moral
righteousness of his or her beliefs, and able toIND-4 Glossary / Subjects
Copyright laws, 48
CopyShark.net, 241
Corcoran Group, 408–409
Cordis Corporation, 277
Core capability A unique skill and/or
knowledge an organization possesses that gives
it an edge over competitors, 134–136,
298–299
Core values, 603
Corning, 136, 328, 377
Corporate culture, 66–72
Corporate entrepreneurship, 249–251
Corporate Executive Board, 270
Corporate governance The role of
a corporation’s executive staff and board of
directors in ensuring that the firm’s activities meet
the goals of the firm’s stakeholders, 269
Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
Obligation toward society assumed by business,
166–171, 168, 235; see also Ethics
Corporate strategy The set of businesses,
markets, or industries in which an organization
competes and the distribution of resources among
those entities, 138–141
Corrective action, 533
Corruption, in foreign transactions, 216–217
Cost-benefit analysis, 181
Cost budget, 539–540
Cost competitiveness Keeping costs
low to achieve profits and be able to offer
prices that are attractive to consumers,
10–11
Costs
activity-based, 540
management of, 10–11
switching, 55, 568
transportation, 207
Counterfeit goods, 575
Courage, 166, 429
Cradle-to-cradle, 172
Cradle-to-grave, 172
Creativity, 97–98, 583–584
Credit Suisse, 452
Crisis management, 100–102
Criterion-related validity, 339
Critical incident technique, 347
Cross-cultural communication, 213–216, 508–509
Crowdfunding, 246
Cultural control, 529
Cultural integration, 389
Culture
adhocracy, 70
diagnosing, 68–71
ethnocentrism, 213, 390
group, 69–70
hierarchical, 70
managing, 71
organizational, 67–72
preference scale, 75–77
rational, 70
understanding, 213–216
Culture contingency, 390
Culture shock The disorientation and stress
associated with being in a foreign environment,
213
Current assets, 541
Current liabilities, 541
Contingencies, 39
Contingency models of leadership, 418–421
Contingency perspective, 38–39
Contingency plans Alternative courses of
action that can be implemented based on how the
future unfolds, 85–86, 122
Contingent workers, 64–65
Continuous improvement, 8, 308
Continuous learning, 621–622
Continuous process A process that is
highly automated and has a continuous production
flow, 313
Contracted development, 578
Contraction, 63
Contracts
labor, 34
psychological, 462
Control Any process that directs the
activities of individuals toward the achievement of
organizational goals, 528
as a function of management, 14–15
illusion of, 90
market, 529, 551–553
monitoring and, 124
resistance to, 546
Control systems, 526–559
bureaucratic systems
approaches to, 533–537
budgetary controls, 538–540
control cycle, 529–533
designing effective, 546–550
downside of, 544–546
financial controls, 541–544
management audits, 537–538
clan control, 529, 553–554
concurrent, 533–534
defined, 528
feedback, 533–535
feedforward, 533–534
market control, 529, 551–553
six sigma, 310, 535–537, 545
span of, 269–270
strategic, 144–145
Controlling The management function of
monitoring performance and making needed
changes, 14
Converse, 62
Cooperative strategies Strategies used
by two or more organizations working together to
manage the external environment, 63
Cooptation, 63, 612
Coordination and communication, 285–286
Coordination by mutual
adjustment Units interact with one another
to make accommodations to achieve flexible
coordination, 285, 286
Coordination by plan Interdependent
units are required to meet deadlines and
objectives that contribute to a common goal,
284
Coordination by standardization, 284
Coordination The procedures that link the
various parts of an organization for the purpose
of achieving the organization’s overall mission,
265
Complimentary products and technologies, 569
Compressed workweek, 393
Compromise A style of dealing with conflict
involving moderate attention to both parties’
concerns, 487–488
Computer-aided design, 314
Computer-integrated manufacturing
(CIM) The use of computer-aided design
and computer-aided manufacturing to sequence
and optimize a number of production processes,
314–315
Concentration A strategy employed for an
organization that operates a single business and
competes in a single industry, 138–139
Concentric diversification A strategy
used to add new businesses that produce related
products or are involved in related markets and
activities, 138–139
Conceptual and decision skills Skills
pertaining to the ability to identify and resolve
problems for the benefit of the organization and
its members, 19
Concern for people, 414, 416
Concern for production, 414, 416
Concurrent control The control process
used while plans are being carried out, including
directing, monitoring, and fine-tuning activities as
they are performed, 533–534
Concurrent engineering A design
approach in which all relevant functions cooperate
jointly and continually in a maximum effort aimed
at producing high-quality products that meet
customers’ needs, 319
Confidentiality, of information, 597
Conflict of interest, 155, 158
Conflict Opposing pressures from different
sources, occurring on the level of psychological
conflict or conflict between individuals or groups,
82–83
affective, 96
cognitive, 96
constructive, 96–97
managing, 486
styles, 486–488
virtual, 489–490
Conglomerate diversification
A strategy used to add new businesses that
produce unrelated products or are involved in
unrelated markets and activities, 139
ConocoPhillips, 579
Conservation, 180
Consideration, 414
Consolidated Natural Gas, 183
Constructive conflict, 96–97
Constructive feedback, 350
Consumer Protection Act, 458
Consumers, 56–57
Contemporary approaches to management, 38–39
Content theories, 449
Content validity, 339Glossary / Subjects IND-5
Discounting the future A bias weighting
short-term costs and benefits more heavily than
longer-term costs and benefits, 91
Discrimination, 370–371
Diseconomies of scale, 303
Disempowerment, 456
Disney, 231, 234, 328, 602
Disruptive innovation, 566
Distribution channels, 202
Diversification A firm’s investment in a
different product, business, or geographic area,
61, 138–139
Diversity, 368–403
accommodation, 397, 487–488
accountability for, 271, 397
versus affirmative action, 383–388
age of workforce, 381–383
assumptions, 386, 390
attracting employees, 392–393
awareness building, 394
challenges of, 386–388
communication problems, 386–387
competitive advantage through, 384–385
components of, 372
cultivating, 391–397
defined, 372
gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered, 378
gender issues, 373–378
history, 370–371
managing, 370
mentally and physically disabled, 380–381
minorities and immigrants, 49–50, 370–371,
378–380
mistrust and tension, 387
multicultural organizations, 389–391
organizational assessment, 392
retaining employees, 384, 395–397
stereotyping, 387
top management commitment for, 391–392
women, 49–50, 370–371, 373–378
workforce of the future, 373
Diversity training Programs that focus on
identifying and reducing hidden biases against
people with differences and developing the skills
needed to manage a diversified workforce, 346,
394–395
DiversityInc.com, 380
Divestiture A firm selling one or more
businesses, 62
Division managers, 281
Division of labor The assignment of
different tasks to different people or groups,
264
Divisional organization
Departmentalization that groups units around
products, customers, or geographic regions,
276–278
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform, 458
Dogs, 139–140
Domain selection Entering a new market
or industry with an existing expertise, 61
Domestic partners, 50
Domino Sugar, 313
DoubleClick, 137
time pressures, 91–92
types of, 80–81
Decision skills, 19
Decision styles, 415
Decoding, 498
Defects, 8, 535–537
Defects per million opportunities (DPMO), 536
Defenders Companies that stay within a
stable product domain as a strategic maneuver,
62, 576
Delegation The assignment of new or
additional responsibilities to a subordinate, 241,
270–272
Dell Computer, 57, 198, 308, 313, 318, 333
Deloitte & Touche, 329, 396
Demand forecasts, 330–331
Deming’s 14 points, 310
Democratic leadership A form of
leadership in which the leader solicits input from
subordinates, 415
Demographics Measures of various
characteristics of the people who make up groups
or other social units, 49–50
Departmentalization Subdividing an
organization into smaller subunits, 274
customer/geographic, 278
divisional, 276–278
matrix, 278–282
product approach, 277–278
Designer role, 283
Deutsche Asset Management, 184
Deutsche Boerse, 189
Development Helping managers and
professional employees learn the broad skills
needed for their present and future jobs, 344–346
Development project A focused
organizational effort to create a new product or
process via technological advances, 585
Devil’s advocate A person who has the job
of criticizing ideas to ensure that their downsides
are fully explored, 97
Dialectic A structured debate comparing two
conflicting courses of action, 97
Differential piecerate system, 35
Differentiated market, 384
Differentiation An aspect of the
organization’s internal environment created by job
specialization and the division of labor, 264–265,
566
Differentiation strategy A strategy
an organization uses to build competitive
advantage by being unique in its industry or
market segment along one or more dimensions,
141–142
Dillon Read, 452
Directive leadership, 414, 421–422
Discipline, progressive, 340–341, 550
Current ratio A liquidity ratio that indicates
the extent to which short-term assets can decline
and still be adequate to pay short-term liabilities,
541
Custom-made solutions New, creative
solutions designed specifically for the problem,
84
Customer division, 278
Customer goals, 127–128
Customer relationship management
(CRM) A multifaceted process focusing on
creating two-way exchanges with customers to
foster intimate knowledge of their needs, wants,
and buying patterns, 307–309
Customer responsiveness, organizing for, 306–312
Customer service, 56–57
Customers, 56–57, 306–312
Customization, mass, 65, 313–315
CVS Caremark, 382
Cycle time reduction, 318
D
Danish Steel, 184
Data mining, 596
Days Inn, 392
DB Healthcare, 230
DealPerk, 241
Debt-equity ratio A leverage ratio that
indicates the company’s ability to meet its longterm financial obligations, 543
Decentralized organization An
organization in which lower-level managers make
important decisions, 64, 272–273
Decision making
alternative evaluation, 85–86
barriers to effective, 89–93
best decision, 89
brainstorming, 98, 502, 585
centralized, 272–273
characteristics of, 80–83
coalitional model, 99
conflict in, 82–83, 96–97
constraints on, 98–99
contingency plans, 85–86, 122
creativity and, 97–98
crisis management, 100–102
custom-made solutions, 84
decentralized, 64, 272–273
ethical, 164–165
evaluating the decision, 88–89
garbage can model, 99–100
in groups, 93–95, 105
groupthink, 95, 385, 482
implementing the decision, 87–88
incremental model, 99
making the choice, 86–87
nonprogrammed, 81
organizational, 98–102
participation in, 415
phases of, 83–89
versus planning, 120–121
problem ID, 83–84
programmed, 80–81
psychological biases, 89–91
ready-made solutions, 84
requirements for effective, 95–96
social realities, 93
stages of, 121IND-6 Glossary / Subjects
myths about, 226–228
nonfinancial resources, 247–249
personal traits needed for, 236–238
planning, 244–247
reasons for becoming, 229–230
risk, 237–238, 239, 247, 250
social, 235–236
Entry mode, 206–209
Environment
competitive advantage, 179
conflicting views about, 179
conservation, 180
corporate response to, 181–184
ecocentric management, 172–173
economy and, 181
ethics, 171–175
future issues, 173–175
implementation of programs, 182–184
importance of managing for the, 179–181
international perspective, 181
legal issues, 179, 183
life-cycle analysis, 172
natural, 50–51, 171–175
packaging, 172, 174
public opinion and, 179–180
responsibility for, 594
science and, 180
sustainability, 11–12, 50, 168, 172–173
what managers can do, 181–182
Environmental analysis, 58–61, 74–75, 132–133
Environmental complexity, 58–59
Environmental dynamism, 59
Environmental movement, 180
Environmental Protection Agency, 48
Environmental scanning Searching
for and sorting through information about the
environment, 59, 572
Environmental Systems Design (ESD), 273
Environmental uncertainty, 58–59
Envision, 612
EPA, 183
Equal Employment Opportunity, 341–343, 383
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,
48, 377
Equal Pay Act (EPA), 343, 356
Equifinality, 390
Equitable Life Assurance Society, 391
Equity
assessing, 458–459
restoring, 459
stockholders’, 541
Equity theory A theory stating that
people assess how fairly they have been treated
according to two key factors: outcomes and inputs,
457–458
ERG theory, 451–452
Ernst & Young, 263, 380, 396
Errands Done Right, 232
eShakti, 314
ESPN, 234
Ethel M. Chocolates, 182
Ethical climate In an organization, the
processes by which decisions are evaluated and
made on the basis of right and wrong, 161
Ethical issue Situation, problem, or
opportunity in which an individual must choose
among several actions that must be evaluated as
morally right or wrong, 156
Ethical leader One who is both a moral
person and a moral manager influencing others to
behave ethically, 163
Electrolux, 183, 287
Electronic communication, 501–504
Electronic conflict, 489–490
Electronic media, 501–504
Eli Lilly, 195, 333, 609
Elizabeth Arden, 384
Elmer’s Products, 584
Email, 501–504
Emerging technologies, 570
Emerson Electric, 547
Emotional intelligence The skills of
understanding yourself, managing yourself, and
dealing effectively with others, 20–21
Empathy, 20, 169
Employee benefit programs, 50, 355–356
Employee Retirement Income Security Act
(ERISA), 356
Employment agencies, 334
Employment-at-will The legal concept
that an employee may be terminated for any
reason, 340
Empowerment The process of sharing
power with employees, thereby enhancing their
confidence in their ability to perform their jobs and
their belief that they are influential contributors to
the organization, 64, 456
clan control and, 529, 553–554
versus disempowerment, 456
fostering, 457
results of, 456
of teams, 478, 482
Engineering function, 592
Enron, 154, 160
Entrepreneur Individual who establishes a
new organization without the benefit of corporate
sponsorship, 228
Entrepreneurial initiative, 563
Entrepreneurial orientation The
tendency of an organization to identify and
capitalize successfully on opportunities to launch
new ventures by entering new or established
markets with new or existing goods or services,
250–251
Entrepreneurial strategy matrix, 237–238
Entrepreneurial venture A new business
having growth and high profitability as primary
objectives, 226
Entrepreneurship The pursuit of lucrative
opportunities by enterprising individuals,
224–261
building support, 249
challenges, 240–242
choosing opportunities, 231–236
control systems, 242
corporate, 249–251
defined, 226
factors influencing success/failure, 238–243
financing, 241–242, 246
franchising, 208, 232–233
future of, 233
going public, 242–243
information sources, 259–260
Internet, 234, 246
intrapreneurship, 228, 250, 583
keys to success, 230–231
versus management, 226
management challenges, 250
Douglas, 79
Dow Chemical, 135, 173, 175, 179, 195, 211, 328
Dow Corning, 279
Dow Europe, 184
Dow Jones Industrial Average, 46
Dow Jones Sustainability Index, 182
Downsizing The planned elimination of
positions or jobs, 304–305, 340
Downward communication
Information that flows from higher to lower levels
in the organization’s hierarchy, 512–514
Dream Works, 305
Drive, 413
Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988, 337
Drug testing, 337, 545
Dun and Bradstreet, 380
Dunkin’ Brands Culinary Innovation Team, 7
Dunkin’ Donuts, 7, 232
DuPont, 131, 135, 170, 182, 183
Dynamic network Temporary
arrangements among partners that can be
assembled and reassembled to adapt to the
environment, 282
Dynamism, environmental, 59
E
E-commerce, 595–596
E3 Initiative, 182
E-readers, 58
E-tailing, 595
Early adopters, of new technology, 565, 576
Early majority, 566
Eastman Chemical, 480
Eastman Kodak, 209, 349
Eaton Corporation, 11, 246
eBay, 4, 84, 234, 236, 596
Ecocentric management Its goal is
the creation of sustainable economic
development and improvement of quality of life
worldwide for all organizational stakeholders,
172–173
Economic nationalism, 202
Economic responsibilities To produce
goods and services that society wants at a price
that perpetuates the business and satisfies its
obligations to investors, 168–169
Economic strike, 360
Economic viability, 574–575
Economies of scale, 33, 275
Economies of scope Economies in
which materials and processes employed in
one product can be used to make other related
products, 302
Economy, 45–47, 181, 239–240
Eddie Bauer, 596
Edelman, 154
Edelman Trust Barometer, 167
Edmunds, 84
Education, change management and, 612
Education level, of workforce, 381
Effort-to-performance link, 447
Egoism An ethical system defining acceptable
behavior as that which maximizes consequences
for the individual, 158, 159Glossary / Subjects IND-7
Fiedler’s contingency model of
leadership effectiveness A situational
approach to leadership postulating that
effectiveness depends on the personal style of the
leader and the degree to which the situation gives
the leader power, control, and influence over the
situation, 418–421
Filtering The process of withholding,
ignoring, or distorting information, 499–500,
512
Final consumer A customer who purchases
products in their finished form, 56
Finance function, 593
Financial analysis, 135
Financial controls, 541–544
Financial goals, 127–128
Financial ratios, 541–544
Flat organization, 269–270
Flavor-of-the-month approach to change, 614
FLEXcon, 472
Flexible benefit programs Benefit
programs in which employees are given credits
to spend on benefits that fit their unique needs,
356
Flexible factories Manufacturing plants
that have short production runs, are organized
around products, and use decentralized
scheduling, 65, 315
Flexible manufacturing, 313–316
Flexible processes Methods for adapting
the technical core to changes in the environment,
65
Flexible work schedules, 374
Flexible workspaces, 608–609
Flora-Holland, 318
FMLA, 343
Followers, 422
Followership, 569–570
Following, versus leading, 410
Food and Drug Administration, 48, 53, 568
Foolproofing, 318
Force-field analysis An approach to
implementing the unfreezing/moving/refreezing
model by identifying the forces that prevent
people from changing and those that will drive
people toward change, 610
Ford Motor Company, 8, 10, 20, 56, 62, 90, 136,
167, 189, 190, 204, 209, 313, 331, 349,
425, 426, 429, 535, 585
Forecasting Method for predicting how
variables will change the future, 60
demand, 330–331
environmental analysis, 132–133
labor supply, 331–332
uses for, 60
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 217
Foreign direct investment (FDI), 189–190
Formal authority, 267
Formal communication, 516
Formalization The presence of rules
and regulations governing how people in the
organization interact, 284
competitors, customers, the government, and the
economy, 44
analysis of, 58–61, 74–75, 132–134
competitive environment; see Competitive
environment
competitors, 51–52, 246–247
culture of, 66–72
customers, 56–57, 306–312
demographics, 49–50
economy, 45–47
influencing, 62–63
macroenvironment; see Macroenvironment
responding to, 61–66
social issues, 50
technology, 47
External opportunities and threats, analysis of,
132–134
External recruiting, 334
Extinction Withdrawing or failing to provide
a reinforcing consequence, 444
Extraversion, 413
Extrinsic reward Reward given to a person
by the boss, the company, or some other person,
453
Exxon, 183
ExxonMobil, 47
F
Facebook, 7, 23, 43–44, 52, 58, 72, 94, 229, 287,
308, 336, 374, 383, 502, 569
Facilitation, 612
Fail-safing, 318
Failure
celebrating, 583
of expatriates, 210–212
of groups, 477–478
of start-ups, 7, 238–243
Failure rate The number of expatriate
managers of an overseas operation who come
home early, 210
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), 341–342, 343,
356
Fairness, achievement of, 457–460
Family and Medical Leave Act, 343
Family Dollar Stores, 330
Family leave, 50
Family needs, accommodating, 393
Family partnerships, 242
Family Practice Associates (FPA), 535
FBI, 337
Feasibility, technological, 573
Federal Aviation Administration, 48
Federal Express, 136, 183, 299, 380, 451, 481, 591,
596, 597
Federal Trade Commission, 233, 597
Federated Department Stores, 278
Feedback
constructive, 350
how to give, 350–351, 446–447, 456
negative, 88
Feedback control Control that focuses on
the use of information about previous results to
correct deviations from the acceptable standard,
533–535
Feedforward control The control process
used before operations begin, including policies,
procedures, and rules designed to ensure that
planned activities are carried out properly,
533–534
Ethical responsibilities Meeting other
social expectations, not written as law, 168
Ethics Resource Center, 163
Ethics The system of rules that governs the
ordering of values, 154; see also Corporate social
responsibility
bribes, 48, 158, 216–217
business, 156, 159–160
Caux Principles, 157
codes, 163–164
compliance-based programs, 164
conflict of interest, 155, 158
contrasting views, 169–170
corporate standards, 163
courage, 166, 429
danger signs, 162–163
decision making and, 164–165
environment and, 171–175
gifts, 158, 217
integrity-based programs, 164
international, 161, 216–218
kickbacks, 48, 158
measuring behavior, 176–177
moral philosophy, 156–158
outcome of lying, 155
programs, 163–164
Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 160–161, 163, 269, 553
systems, 156–159
unethical behavior, 154–156
virtue, 158–159
whistleblowing, 166, 340
Ethnocentrism The tendency to judge
others by the standards of one’s group or culture,
which are seen as superior, 213, 390
Etsy, 392
European unification, 195–196
The Event Studio, 240
Executive champion An executive who
supports a new technology and protects the
product champion of the innovation, 581
Executive Orders 11246 and 11375, 343
Executive pay, 354–355
Executive-search firms, 334
Exelon, 506
Exempt employees, 342
Existence needs, 451
Expatriates Parent-company nationals
who are sent to work at a foreign subsidiary,
210–212
Expectancy Employees’ perception of the
likelihood that their efforts will enable them to
attain their performance goals, 447
Expectancy theory A theory proposing
that people will behave based on their perceived
likelihood that their effort will lead to a certain
outcome and on how highly they value that
outcome, 447
Expert power, 412
Explicit coercion, 612–613
Exporting, 207
Extended enterprise, 55
External audit An evaluation conducted by
one organization, such as a CPA firm, on another,
537
External environment All relevant
forces outside a firm’s boundaries, such asIND-8 Glossary / Subjects
Great Recession, 46–47
Greatness, achieving, 604–605
Green Mountain Coffee, 55, 167
Greenhouses, 584
Gross domestic product (GDP), 195
Group culture, 69–70
Group Danone, 173
Group incentive plans, 353
Group maintenance behaviors
Actions taken to ensure the satisfaction of
group members, develop and maintain
harmonious work relationships, and preserve
the social stability of the group, 414–415,
421
Groupon, 4
Groups; see also Teams
decision making in, 93–95, 105
development stages of, 476–478
failure of, 477–478
versus teams, 476
working, 476
Groupthink A phenomenon that occurs
in decision making when group members avoid
disagreement as they strive for consensus, 95,
385, 482
Growth goals, 127–128
Growth need strength The degree to
which individuals want personal and psychological
development, 456
Growth/share matrix, 139–140
GS Yuasa Corporation, 102
H
Hackman and Oldham model of job design,
455–456
Half Price Books, 243
Harassment, 341–342, 376–377
Hard Rock Café, 123
Harley-Davidson, 572, 618
Harmonix Music Systems, 266
Harrah’s Entertainment, 454
Hawthorne Effect, 37
Hawthorne Studies, 36–37
Health and safety, 356–357
Health insurance, 48, 355–356
HealthPartners, 530
Hefty, 184
Heineken, 203
Heinz, 202
Herman Miller, 181, 182
Hermés International, 11
Hersey and Blanchard’s situational
theory A life cycle theory of leadership
postulating that a manager should consider
an employee’s psychological and job maturity
before deciding whether task performance or
maintenance behaviors are more important, 421
Hershey, 209
Hertz, 62, 535
Herzberg’s two-factor theory, 454
Heterogeneity, 390
Hewlett-Packard, 136, 182, 183, 231, 304, 392,
405–406, 423, 430, 431, 516, 540, 602
Hierarchical culture, 70
Hierarchy The authority levels of the
organizational pyramid, 269
Hierarchy of needs, 37, 450–451
Genius of the and; organizational
ambidexterity Ability to achieve multiple
objectives simultaneously, 604
Genpact, 552
Genworth, 182
Geographic division, 278
Gifts, 158, 217
Glass ceiling, 374–375
GlaxoSmithKline, 6, 609
Global economy; see also International management
consequences of, 188–192
European union, 195–196
foreign direct investment, 189–190
Global Fund, 62–63
Global Hyatt, 212
Global management; see International management
Global model An organizational model
consisting of a company’s overseas subsidiaries
and characterized by centralized decision making
and tight control by the parent company over
most aspects of worldwide operations; typically
adopted by organizations that base their global
competitive strategy on cost considerations,
203–204
Global Reporting Initiatives, 173
Global Research Technologies LLC, 182
Global strategic coordination, 201
Globalization, 4–5, 141, 593–594; see also
International management
Goal A target or end that management desires
to reach, 121
aligning, 127–128
alternative, 121–122
customer, 127–128
evaluation of, 123
financial, 127–128
growth, 127–128
hierarchy of, 125
internal, 127–128
learning, 127–128
limitations of, 442–443
performance, 479
selection of, 123, 130–131
setting of, 441–443
strategic, 125–126, 131
stretch, 442
superordinate, 488
Goal displacement A decision-making
group loses sight of its original goal and a new,
less important goal emerges, 95
Goal-setting theory A motivation theory
stating that people have conscious goals that
energize them and direct their thoughts and
behaviors toward a particular end, 441
Godrej Beverages and Foods, 209
Goldman Sachs, 174
Good to Great, 621
Google, 9, 14, 58, 63, 67, 87, 130, 173, 229, 300,
327–328, 332, 346, 361–362, 497, 569,
576, 583–585
Gossip, 516
Gradual diffusion, 570
Grameen Bank, 235
Gramkow, Carnvale, Seifert & Company, 459
Grapevine Informal communication network,
516
Grease payments, 217
Great Lakes Naval Museum, 131
Forming stage, 476
Foursquare, 229
14 principles of management, 36
Framing effects A decision bias
influenced by the way in which a problem or
decision alternative is phrased or presented,
90–91
Franchise Chat, 233
Franchising An entrepreneurial alliance
between a franchisor (an innovator who has
created at least one successful store and wants to
grow) and a franchisee (a partner who manages
a new store of the same type in a new location),
208, 232–233
Freescale Semiconductor, 393
Friendster, 569
Frivolity, 548
Frontline managers Lower-level managers
who supervise the operational activities of the
organization, 17–18
Functional managers, 281
Functional organization
Departmentalization around specialized activities
such as production, marketing, and human
resources, 275–276
Functional strategies Strategies
implemented by each functional area of the
organization to support the organization’s
business strategy, 142–143
FundersClub, 246
G
Gage Products Company, 56
Gainsharing plans, 353
Game Freak, 473
Gap Incorporated, 62
Garbage can model Model of
organizational decision making depicting a
chaotic process and seemingly random decisions,
99–100
Gatekeeper A team member who keeps
abreast of current developments and provides the
team with relevant information, 485
Gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered, 378
GDF Suez, 11
Geely, 189
Gender issues, 373–378
General Dynamics, 217, 410
General Electric, 5, 11–12, 94, 118, 122, 138–139,
143, 161, 171, 182, 188, 194, 269,
295–296, 303, 306, 310, 320–321, 328,
344, 430, 517, 535, 540, 573–574, 592
General Foods, 531
General Mills, 345, 472
General Motors, 8, 10, 56, 120, 122, 182, 190, 191,
197, 209, 263–264, 273, 278, 279, 288,
302, 313, 545, 587
Generalist, 21
Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP),
540
Generation Y, 383
Generativity, 169Glossary / Subjects IND-9
Innovation The introduction of new goods
and services; a change in method or technology;
a positive, useful departure from previous ways of
doing things, 7
business model, 562
creativity, 97–98, 583–584
development projects, 585
organizing for, 582–587
process, 562
product, 562
spread of, 566
technology and, 562
Innovators, 565
Inpatriate A foreign national brought in to
work at the parent company, 214
Inputs Goods and services organizations take
in and use to create products or services, 44,
458
Inside directors, 267
Instagram, 229
Instant messaging, 501
Instrumentality The perceived likelihood
that performance will be followed by a particular
outcome, 448
Insurance, 355–356
Intangible assets, 134
Integrated Medical Solutions, 101
Integration The degree to which
differentiated work units work together and
coordinate their efforts, 264
global, 200–201
organizational, 264–266, 283–286
vertical, 138–139
Integrity, 413
Integrity-based ethics programs
Company mechanisms designed to instill in
people a personal responsibility for ethical
behavior, 164
Integrity tests, 338
Intel Corporation, 126, 246, 575, 578
Intellectual capital, 329
Intellectual property, 575, 597
Intellectual stimulation, 93
Intellectually stimulating, 425
Intercontinental, 203
Intergroup leader A leader who leads
collaborative performance between groups or
organizations, 428
Intermedia, 383
Intermediary model Charging fees to
bring buyers and sellers together, 234
Intermediate consumer A customer who
purchases raw materials or wholesale products
before selling them to final customers, 57
Internal audit A periodic assessment of a
company’s own planning, organizing, leading, and
controlling processes, 537
Internal benchmarking, 136; see also
Benchmarking
Internal customers, 308
strategic impact of, 328–330
termination, 340–341
training and development; see Training
workforce reduction, 340–343
Human resources management interventions,
605
Huntsman Chemical, 441
Hyde Park Electronics, 550
Hygiene factors Characteristics of the
workplace, such as company policies, working
conditions, pay, and supervision, that can make
people dissatisfied, 454
Hyperactive Technologies, 575
I
IBM Corporation, 57, 59, 135, 153–154, 163, 166,
167, 174, 182, 186, 187, 200, 202, 217,
231, 279, 287, 302, 326, 328, 344, 349,
374, 384, 427, 489, 503, 583, 606
IDEO, 300, 583
Ignighter.com, 201
Illinois Tool Works (ITW), 406
Illusion of control People’s belief that they
can influence events even when they have no
control over what will happen, 90
Immigrants, in the workforce, 49–50, 370–371,
378–380
Implementers, 606
Implicit coercion, 612–613
IMX Exchange, 596
Inanity, 548
Incentive plans, 353–354
Inclusion, 384–385; see also Diversity
Incremental model Model of
organizational decision making in which major
solutions arise through a series of smaller
decisions, 99
Incubators, business, 240
Independent strategies Strategies that an
organization acting on its own uses to change some
aspect of its current environment, 62–63
India, 198
inDinero, 229
Inditex, 11
Individual incentive plans, 353
Individual pay decisions, 352
Individualism, 214–215
Individualized attention, 425
Industry analysis, 132
Informal authority, 267
Informal communication, 516–517
Informal power, 271
Information, reducing need for, 286
Information overload, 512
Information processing, 286
Information technology, 100, 581
Informing A team strategy that entails
making decisions with the team and then
informing outsiders of its intentions, 485
Ingersoll Rand, 396
Initial public offering (IPO) Sale to the
public, for the first time, of federally registered
and underwritten shares of stock in the company,
242–243
Initiating structure, 414, 415
High-involvement organization
A type of organization in which top management
ensures that there is consensus about the
direction in which the business is heading,
301–302
Hilcorp, 514
Hilton International, 203, 208
Hilton Worldwide, 166
Hit Forge, 240
Hitachi, 56, 186
Home Depot, 406, 536
Homogeneity, 390
Hon Hai, 198
Honda Motor Company, 8, 136, 143, 203, 349,
572
Honeywell, 269, 391, 396
Horizontal communication Information
shared among people on the same hierarchical
level, 515–516
Horizontal organizational structure
divisional, 276–278
functional, 275–276
matrix, 278–282
network, 282–283
Horizontal stretch goals, 442
Horse trading, 249
Host-country nationals Natives of the
country where an overseas subsidiary is located,
210
Hostile environment, 376–377
Hulu, 52, 72
Human capital The knowledge, skills, and
abilities of employees that have economic value,
329–330
Human process interventions, 605
Human relations approach to management, 36–37
Human resources analysis, 132, 135
Human resources management (HRM)
Formal systems for the management of people
within an organization, 326–367, 328
accommodating work/family needs, 393
affirmative action, 383–388
alternative work schedules, 393
attracting employees, 392–393
background checks, 336
demand forecasts, 330–331
discipline, 340–341, 550
diversity; see Diversity
employee benefits, 50, 355–356
function, 592–593
harassment, 341–342, 376–377
health and safety issues, 356–357
interviewing, 334–335
job analysis, 333
job design, 453–457, 586–587
labor relations, 358–361
legal issues, 341–343, 356
mentoring, 395–396
outplacement, 340
performance appraisal; see Performance
appraisal
planning process, 330–333
preemployment testing, 336–339
promotions, 396–397
recruitment, 333–334, 392
reference checks, 335–336
retaining employees, 384, 395–397
reward systems, 351–357, 444–445, 453–454,
479–480, 612
selection process, 334–339IND-10 Glossary / Subjects
Joint implementation, 183
Joint ventures, 63, 141, 208–209, 579
Jones Soda Company, 9
J.P. Morgan, 385
Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, 246
Just-in-time (JIT) A system that calls
for subassemblies and components to be
manufactured in very small lots and delivered to
the next stage of the production process just as
they are needed, 318–319
Justice, procedural, 459–460
JVC, 190
K
Kaiser Permanente, 380, 508
Kaizen, 308, 568, 592
Kanban, 592
Kawasaki, 209
Kellogg Company, 62, 202
Kelly Services, 91
Kenneth Cole, 166
Keurig, 55
Key technologies, 570
KFC, 533
Kickbacks, 48, 158
Kickstarter, 246
Kmart, 595
K&N Management, 311
Knowledge management Practices
aimed at discovering and harnessing an
organization’s intellectual resources, 6, 286
Knowledge workers, 6
Kobold Watch, 303
KOC Holding, 9
Kohlberg’s model of cognitive moral
development Classification of people based
on their level of moral judgment, 159
Kollmorgen Corporation, 407, 472
Kraft Foods, 374
Kroger, 138, 384, 576
Kyosei, 157
L
La-Z-Boy, 528
Labor, division of, 264
Labor contracts, 34
Labor force, 49–50
Labor laws, 341–343, 358
Labor-Management Relations Act, 358
Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure
Act, 358
Labor relations The system of relations
between workers and management, 358–361
Labor supply forecasts, 331–332
Laggards, 566
Laissez-faire A leadership philosophy
characterized by an absence of managerial
decision making, 415
Lamps Plus, 595
Landrum-Griffin Act, 358
Language, 508
Large batch Technologies that produce
goods and services in high volume, 313
Late majority, 566
Interpersonal and communication
skills People skills; the ability to lead,
motivate, and communicate effectively with
others, 20
Interpersonal communication, 498–505
Interstate Commerce Commission, 48
Interviews, for jobs, 334–335
Intolerance of ineffective humanity, 169
Intrapreneurs New venture creators
working inside big companies, 228, 250, 583
Intrinsic reward Reward a worker derives
directly from performing the job itself, 453
Intuit, 133, 303, 585
Invention, versus innovation, 562
Involvement, change management and, 612
IPOs, 242–243
ISO 9001 A series of quality standards
developed by a committee working under the
International Organization for Standardization
to improve total quality in all businesses for the
benefit of producers and consumers, 311
Ispat International, 6
itMD, 233
J
J. Crew, 225
Jade Corporation, 191
Jamba Juice, 225
Japan Airlines, 102
JC Penney, 595
JetBlue, 122, 426
Jiffy Lube, 232
JIT, 318–319
JLW Homes, 241, 249
J.M. Huber Corporation, 533
Job analysis A tool for determining what is
done on a given job and what should be done on
that job, 333
Job description, 333
Job design, 453–457, 586–587
Job enlargement Giving people additional
tasks at the same time to alleviate boredom,
454
Job enrichment Changing a task to make
it inherently more rewarding, motivating, and
satisfying, 454
Job maturity The level of the employee’s
skills and technical knowledge relative to the task
being performed, 421
Job posting system, 334
Job rotation Changing from one task to
another to alleviate boredom, 345, 454
Job satisfaction, 460–462
Job sharing, 393
Job shop, 313
Job specification, 333
John Deere, 579
Johnson & Johnson, 100–101, 182, 277, 328, 380,
430, 441, 549, 602
Johnson Controls, 319
Internal development, of new technology, 578
Internal goals, 127–128
Internal recruiting, 333–334
Internal resources analysis, 135
Internal strengths and weaknesses, analysis of,
134–137, 149–150
International Franchise Association, 233
International Harvester, 415
International management, 186–223; see also
Global economy
Africa and the Middle East, 199–200
bribes, 48, 158, 216–217
China/Pacific Rim, 196–198
choosing a strategy, 202–206
communication, 508–509
consequences of a global economy, 188–192
cultural issues, 213–216, 508–509
entry mode, 206–209
environment and, 181
ethics, 161, 216–218
European unification, 195–196
expatriates, 210–212
exporting, 207
franchising, 208
global strategy, 200–206
growth in, 190
implications, 188–192
India, 198
inpatriates, 214
joint ventures, 208–209
licensing, 207–208
local responsiveness, 201–202
multinational organization model, 203
NAFTA, 52, 198–199, 207
need theories, 452–453
North and South America, 198–199
offshoring, 192–194
organizational models, 200, 202–206
outsourcing and, 192–194, 594
skills of global managers, 210–213
tariffs, 202, 207
trade imbalance, 197–198
trading partners, 196
transnational model, 204–206
wholly owned subsidiaries, 209
International model An organizational
model that is composed of a company’s overseas
subsidiaries and characterized by greater control
by the parent company over the research
function and local product and marketing
strategies than is the case in the multinational
model, 202–203
International Monetary Fund, 194
International Organization for Standardization,
311
International Trade Commission (ITC), 209
Internet
advantages of using, 502
background checks via, 336
blogging, 501, 503–504
business models, 234
business venture failure, 7, 238–243
crowdfunding and, 246
disadvantages of using, 502–503
e-commerce, 595–596
electronic communication, 501–504
globalization, 4–5
importance to business, 5
instant messaging, 501
job searching via, 334
selling via, 595–596
social networking, 23, 58, 72, 308, 336, 383,
501–504
unethical use of, 156
virtual offices, 282–283, 504
Internship programs, 380
InternshipIN, 229Glossary / Subjects IND-11
Lockerz, 426
Lockheed, 79, 233, 380, 475
Locus of control, 422
Logistics The movement of the right goods
in the right amount to the right place at the right
time, 317–318
distribution channels, 202
overview of, 593
reverse, 183
Long John Silver, 533
L’Oreal, 173
Louisiana-Pacific, 183
Louisville Gas and Electric, 183
LoveMachine, 282–283
Low-cost leadership, 566
Low-cost strategy A strategy an
organization uses to build competitive advantage
by being efficient and offering a standard, no-frills
product, 141
Lowe’s, 287
Lucky Sort, 580
Lying, outcome of, 155
M
Maastricht Treaty, 195
MacMillan Bloedel, 183
Macroeconomic analysis, 132
Macroenvironment The general
environment; includes governments, economic
conditions, and other fundamental factors that
generally affect all organizations, 45
demographics, 49–50
economy, 45–47
laws and regulations affecting, 48
social issues, 50
technology, 47
Macy’s, 278, 597
Maintenance behaviors, 415–417
Make-or-buy decision The question an
organization asks itself about whether to acquire
new technology from an outside source or develop
it itself, 578
Makers, 604
Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, 310–311
Management The process of working with
people and resources to accomplish organizational
goals, 12
14 principles of, 36
across international borders, 210–217
administrative, 36
bonuses for, 353
bureaucracy approach to, 37–38, 64, 584–585
classical approach to, 33–38
coaching, 346, 513
contemporary approaches, 38–39
crisis, 100–102
ecocentric, 172–173
versus entrepreneurship, 226
evolution of, 33–39
executive pay, 354–355
functions of, 12–15
human relations approach, 36–37
knowledge, 6, 286
versus leadership, 409–410
levels, 16–18
open-book, 514, 548
participative, 38, 301
productivity and total quality, cost-effectively, by
eliminating unnecessary steps in the production
process and continually striving for improvement,
315–317
Lean production development, 7
Lean six sigma, 310
Leaning into the Future, 622
Learning goals, 127–128
Learning leaders, 622
Learning organization An organization
skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring
knowledge, and at modifying its behavior to
reflect new knowledge and insights, 300–301,
582, 585
Least preferred co-worker (LPC), 420
Legal responsibilities To obey local,
state, federal, and relevant international laws,
168–169
antitrust, 196
compensation and benefits, 356
copyright law, 48
employment, 341–343
environment, 179, 183
labor laws, 341–343, 358
macroenvironmental, 48
Legitimacy People’s judgment of a
company’s acceptance, appropriateness, and
desirability, generally stemming from company
goals and methods that are consistent with
societal values, 247–248
Legitimate power, 411–412
Lehman Brothers, 91
Lenovo, 187–188, 206, 218–219
Level 5 leadership A combination of strong
professional will (determination) and humility that
builds enduring greatness, 427
Leveling, 65
Leverage ratios, 543
Leveraging difference, 388
Levi Strauss, 167, 211, 598
Liabilities The amounts a corporation owes
to various creditors, 541
Liaison relationships, 486
Licensing, 207–208, 579
Life cycle analysis (LCA) A process
of analyzing all inputs and outputs, through
the entire “cradle-to-grave” life of a product, to
determine total environmental impact, 172
Life cycle theory of leadership, 421
Life cycles, 564–565
Life Is Good, 63
Lifelong learning, 621–622
Line departments Units that deal directly
with the organization’s primary goods and
services, 273–274
Line managers, 273–274
LinkedIn, 23, 287, 334, 336, 383, 502
LinkExchange, 229
Liquidity ratios, 541
Listening, 510
L.L. Bean, 7
Local content rules, 202
Local responsiveness, 201–202
Lateral leadership Style in which
colleagues at the same hierarchical level are
invited to collaborate and facilitate joint problem
solving, 429
Lateral relationships, 485–490
Law of effect A law formulated by Edward
Thorndike in stating that behavior that is followed
by positive consequences will likely be repeated,
443
Layoffs, 304–305, 340
Laziness, 547
Leader-member exchange (LMX)
theory Highlights the importance of
leader behaviors not just toward the group as
a whole but toward individuals on a personal
basis, 415
Leadership, 404–437
achievement-oriented, 421
assessment, 430
authentic, 427
autocratic, 415
behavioral approach, 413–417
behaviors of, 406–407
change management and, 614–617
charismatic, 424–425
commitment to diversity, 391–392
contingency models, 418–421
courage and, 429
decision making and, 415
democratic, 415
developing skills, 429–431
directive, 414, 421–422
failures in, 4
versus following, 410
as a function of management, 14
group decision making, 95–96
group maintenance behaviors, 414–415, 421
intergroup, 428
laissez-faire style, 415
lateral, 429
level 5, 427
versus management, 409–410
opportunities for, 428–429
participative, 421
path-goal theory, 421–422
power, 410–412
pseudotransformational, 427
relationship motivated, 420
servant, 428
shared, 428–429, 606
situational approaches, 417–423
skills and strategies, 425–426
strategic, 409–410
substitutes for, 422–423
supervisory, 409
supportive, 414, 421
task motivated, 420
task performance behaviors, 414
technology and, 567–569
trait approach, 412–413
traits of effective, 413
transactional, 425
transformational, 425–427
vision, 69, 130–131, 407–408, 615–616
Vroom model, 418–419
Leadership Grid, 416
Leading The management function that
involves the manager’s efforts to stimulate high
performance by employees, 14
Lean manufacturing An operation
that strives to achieve the highest possibleIND-12 Glossary / Subjects
Medtronic, 20
Member satisfaction, 482
Menlo Innovations, 478
Mentally and physically disabled, 380–381
Mentors Higher-level managers who help
ensure that high-potential people are introduced
to top management and socialized into the norms
and values of the organization, 395–396
Merck & Company, 135, 250, 269, 567, 575
Mercosur, 199
Merger One or more companies combining
with another, 61, 140–141
Merit pay systems, 354
Microblogging, 503
Microsoft, 58, 137, 195, 229, 332, 442, 568, 569,
576
Middle East, 199–200
Middle-level managers Managers
located in the middle layers of the organizational
hierarchy, reporting to top-level executives, 16–18,
269
Midvale Steel Company, 34
MillerCoors Brewing Company, 480
Mine Safety and Health Administration, 357
Minorities, in the workforce, 378–380
Misperception, 500–501
Mission An organization’s basic purpose and
scope of operations, 68–69, 130–131
Mistakes, management of, 445–446
Mistrust and tension, diversity and, 387
Misuse of funds, 241–242
Mixx.com, 239
Mobilizing people, 14
Modular corporation, 282
Module, 314
Monitoring, 124
Monolithic organization
An organization that has a low degree of
structural integration—employing few women,
minorities, or other groups that differ from the
majority—and thus has a highly homogeneous
employee population, 389
Monsanto, 59, 184, 211
Monster.com, 299, 334, 596
Moral awareness, judgment, character, 165
Moral philosophy Principles, rules, and
values people use in deciding what is right or
wrong, 156–158
Morgan Stanley, 380
Mortality, of business owners, 242
Motivation Forces that energize, direct, and
sustain a person’s efforts, 438–469, 440
achieving fairness, 457–460
job design, 453–457, 586–587
job satisfaction, 460–462
of leaders, 413
of people, 606–607
performance-related beliefs, 447–449
reinforcing performance, 443–447
setting goals, 441–443
of teams, 479–480
understanding people’s needs, 449–453
Motivators Factors that make a job more
motivating, such as additional job responsibilities,
individuals and supporting, nurturing, and utilizing
their differences to the organization’s advantage,
370; see also Diversity
Manipulation, 612
Manufacturing
computer-integrated, 314–315
concurrent engineering, 319
flexible, 65, 313–316
JIT, 318–319
job losses in, 192–193
large batch, 313
lean, 315–317
mass customization, 65, 313–315
scientific management, 34–36, 551
small batch, 313
value-added, 318
Market analysis, 132
Market control Control based on the use
of pricing mechanisms and economic information
to regulate activities within organizations, 529,
551–553
Market receptiveness, anticipating, 572–573
Marketing audit, 135
Marketing function, 592
Markets
barriers to entry into, 52–53
bull and bear, 47
threat of substitutes, 53–55
Marriott, 138, 602
Mars, 461
Marsh & McLennan, 154
Mary Kay Cosmetics, 453
Masculinity/femininity, 214–215
Maslow’s need hierarchy A conception of
human needs organizing needs into a hierarchy of
five major types, 37, 450–451
Mass customization The production of
varied, individually customized products at the low
cost of standardized, mass-produced products, 65,
313–315
Massey Energy, 357
Master budget, 539
Master Lock, 194
Matrix organization An organization
composed of dual reporting relationships in which
some employees report to two superiors—a
functional manager and a divisional manager,
278–282
Matsushita, 190
Mattel, 212
Maximizing A decision realizing the best
possible outcome, 86–87
McClelland’s needs, 452
McDonald’s, 5, 56, 130–131, 167, 168, 181–183,
208, 313, 332, 532
McGraw-Hill, 462
McNeil-PPC, 277
Mechanistic organization A form of
organization that seeks to maximize internal
efficiency, 296
Media richness The degree to which a
communication channel conveys information,
505
Mediator A third party who intervenes to help
others manage their conflict, 488–489
Management—Cont.
quantitative, 38
scientific, 34–36, 551
systematic, 34
systems theory, 38
training programs for, 346
Management audit An evaluation of the
effectiveness and efficiency of various systems
within an organization, 537–538
Management by objectives (MBO)
A process in which objectives set by a subordinate
and a supervisor must be reached within a given
time period, 347–348
Management by wandering around (MBWA), 515
Management information systems (MIS), 47
Management myopia Focusing on shortterm earnings and profits at the expense of
longer-term strategic obligations, 543
Management principles, 445
Management teams Teams that
coordinate and provide direction to the subunits
under their jurisdiction and integrate work among
subunits, 473
Managerial control, 526–559
bureaucratic systems
approaches to, 533–537
budgetary controls, 538–540
control cycle, 529–533
designing effective, 546–550
downside of, 544–546
financial controls, 541–544
management audits, 537–538
clan control, 529, 553–554
concurrent, 533–534
defined, 528
feedback, 533–535
feedforward, 533–534
market control, 529, 551–553
resistance to, 546
six sigma, 310, 535–537, 545
span of, 269–270
strategies, 144–145
Managers
as brokers, 283
delegating responsibilities, 241, 270–272
division, 281
effective, 29–30
frontline, 17–18
functional, 281
line, 273–274
middle-level, 16–18, 269
minority, 378–379
operational, 17
Personal Assessment of Management Skills
(PAMS), 27–29
product, 281
role of, 18–19
skills needed, 18–20, 210–213, 281
span of control, 269–270
strategic, 16
t-shaped, 6
tactical, 16
top-level, 16
two-boss, 281
types of, 16–18
as working leaders, 18
Managing diversity Managing a
culturally diverse workforce by recognizing the
characteristics common to specific groups of
employees while dealing with employees asGlossary / Subjects IND-13
Operations management, 591–598
Opportunity analysis A description
of the good or service, an assessment of the
opportunity, an assessment of the entrepreneur,
specification of activities and resources needed
to translate your idea into a viable business, and
your source(s) of capital, 132–134, 137–138,
149–150, 244
Optimizing Achieving the best possible
balance among several goals, 87
Oracle Corp., 610
Oral communication, 501, 531
Orbital Sciences Corporation, 233
Organic structure An organizational form
that emphasizes flexibility, 64, 296–298
Organization chart The reporting
structure and division of labor in an organization,
264–265, 276, 297
Organization culture The set of
important assumptions about the organization
and its goals and practices that members of the
company share, 67–72
Organization development (OD) The
systemwide application of behavioral science
knowledge to develop, improve, and reinforce the
strategies, structures, and processes that lead to
organizational effectiveness, 605
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development, 217
Organization structure, 262–293
around core competencies, 298–299
big companies, 302–304
board of directors, 267–268
boundaryless, 320, 517
centralized, 272–273
for customer responsiveness, 306–312
departmentalization; see Departmentalization
differentiation, 264–265, 566
flat, 269–270
fundamentals of, 264–266
horizontal dimension
divisional, 276–278
functional, 275–276
matrix, 278–282
network, 282–283
integration, 264–266, 283–286
international, 200, 202–206
large batch technologies, 313
mechanistic, 296
monolithic, 389
multinational, 203
for optimal size, 302–305
organic, 64, 296–298
product divisions, 277–278
responsive, 296–298
small batch technologies, 313
small companies, 302–304
for speed, 317–319
strategic alliances and, 63, 141, 299–300, 301
tall, 269
transnational, 204–206
vertical dimension
authority, 267–269
decentralization, 64, 272–273
delegation, 241, 270–272
hierarchical, 269
span of control, 269–270
Organizational ambidexterity, 604
New economy, 593
New Jersey Bell Telephone Company, 36
New York Community Bancorp (NYCB), 124
New York Times Company, 299
Nextel, 68
Nike, 62, 309, 567
Nikko Asset, 184
Nissan, 8
Noise, 498
Nondirective interview, 335
Nonexempt employees, 342
Nonprogrammed decisions New, novel,
complex decisions having no proven answers, 81
Nonverbal communication, 509–510
Noodles & Co., 232
Nordstrom, 66, 142, 342, 526, 596
Norming, 476
Norms Shared beliefs about how people
should think and behave, 158, 481
North America, 198–199
North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA) An economic pact
that combined the economies of the United States,
Canada, and Mexico into one of the world’s largest
trading blocs, 52, 198–199, 207
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp., 380
Novo Nordisk, 182
Nucor, 183, 472, 585
Nurturing role, 283
Nuru Energy, 235
O
Observing, 511–512, 531
Occupational Safety and Health Act, 356
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 48
Ocean-Monmouth Legal Services, 550
Office of Federal Contract Compliance
Programs, 48
Offshoring Moving work to other countries,
192–194
Omnica, 473
One-way communication A process in
which information flows in only one direction—
from the sender to the receiver, with no feedback
loop, 498–499
Ongoing development, 569
Online bargaining, 502
Open-book management Practice
of sharing with employees at all levels of the
organization vital information previously meant for
management’s eyes only, 514, 548
Open systems Organizations that are
affected by, and that affect, their environment,
44
Operational budget, 145
Operational level, 269
Operational managers, 17
Operational planning The process of
identifying the specific procedures and processes
required at lower levels of the organization,
125–127, 126
Operations analysis, 135
opportunities for personal growth and recognition,
and feelings of achievement, 454
Motorola, 62, 210, 212, 310, 516, 535, 602
Moving Instituting the change, 610
Multicultural organization An
organization that values cultural diversity and
seeks to utilize and encourage it, 389–391, 390
Multidomestic model, 203
Multinational model An organizational
model that consists of the subsidiaries in each
country in which a company does business,
and provides a great deal of discretion to those
subsidiaries to respond to local conditions, 203
Mutual adjustment, 285, 286
Mutuality, 169
MyMPO, 248
MySpace, 569
N
NAFTA, 52, 198–199, 207
Narcissism, 547
NASDAQ Composite, 47
National Association of Female Executives, 376
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
191
National Industries for the Blind (NIB), 381
National Information Solutions Cooperative, 480
National Labor Relations Act, 358
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), 48,
358–359
National Research Council, 573
National Restaurant Association, 377
National Transportation Exchange, 596
National Transportation Safety Board, 102
National Venture Capital Association, 243
Natural environment, 50–51, 171–175; see also
Environment
NaturaLawn of America, 230
Nature Conservancy, 174
NBC, 139, 306
Needs
hierarchy of, 37, 450–451
theories of, 449–453
Needs assessment An analysis identifying
the jobs, people, and departments for which
training is necessary, 344
Negative feedback, 88
Negative production externalities, 181
Negative reinforcement Removing
or withholding an undesirable consequence,
443–444
Negotiation, 612
Nescafé, 594
Nestlé, 4–5, 173
Nestlé Purina PetCare Company, 311
Net working capital ratio, 541
NetApp, 554
Netflix, 52, 554, 562
NetJets, 562
Network co-operator, 283
Network organization A collection of
independent, mostly single-function firms that
collaborate on a good or service, 282–283
Networking, 29
Networks, 248IND-14 Glossary / Subjects
Personality tests, 336–337
Personalized power, 452
Personnel management; see Human resources
management
Persuading, 482
Persuasion skills, 506–507
Pettiness, 548
Pfizer, 53, 202, 278, 299, 575
Philanthropic responsibilities Additional
behaviors and activities that society finds desirable
and that the values of the business support,
168–169
Philips, 8, 190, 204
Physically disabled, 380–381
Piecerate system, 35
Pillsbury, 345
Pinterest, 229, 287
Pitney Bowes, 374
Pixar, 96
Pizza Hut, 533
Planning The management function of
systematically making decisions about the goals
and activities that an individual, a group, a work
unit, or the overall organization will pursue, 13;
see also Strategic Planning
alignment of plans, 127–128
alternatives, 121–122
business plans, 244–245
contingency plans, 85–86, 122
control systems and, 528
versus decision making, 120–121
evaluation of, 123
as a function of management, 13
goals; see Goal
human resources, 330–333
implementation, 123–124
key elements, 245–247
levels of, 125–126
monitoring of, 124
operational, 125–127
process of, 120–124
scenario, 59–60, 85–86, 123
selection of plan, 123
selling the plan, 247
situational analysis, 120–121
SWOT analysis, 137–138, 149–150
tactical, 125–127
Plans The actions or means managers
intend to use to achieve organizational goals,
122
Plant Closing Bill, 342
Plante Moran, 335, 460
Pluralistic organization An organization
that has a relatively diverse employee population
and makes an effort to involve employees from
different gender, racial, or cultural backgrounds,
390
Plussing, 96
PMF Industries, 313
Political and regulatory analysis, 132
Politics, organizational, 99
Polycast Technology, 392
Polygraph tests, 338
Popchips, 225, 243–244, 252
Portfolio, 139
Positive reinforcement Applying
consequences that increase the likelihood that
a person will repeat the behavior that led to it,
443–444
Participation, change management and, 612
Participation in decision making
Leader behaviors that managers perform in
involving their employees in making decisions,
415
Participative leadership, 421
Participative management, 38, 301
Partnerships, 56, 63, 141, 249, 299–300, 301, 579
Passive employee, 23
Patagonia Sur, 11
Patents, 48, 53
Path-goal theory A theory that concerns
how leaders influence subordinates’ perceptions of
their work goals and the paths they follow toward
attainment of those goals, 421–422
Pay level, 351
Pay structure, 352
Payless ShoeSource, 338
PayPerPost, 156
PBD Worldwide, 504
Pearson PLC, 197
Peer evaluation, 349
Peer pressure, 607
Penske Truck Leasing Company, 552
People skills, 20
PepsiCo, 5, 50, 51–55, 57, 61, 374, 397
Perception The process of receiving and
interpreting information, 499–500
Performance appraisal (PA) Assessment
of an employee’s job performance, 347
behavioral appraisal, 347
benchmarking, 60–61, 136–137, 572
by customers, 349
deadly sins of, 547–548
giving feedback, 350–351, 446–447, 456
goal setting, 441–442
managing mistakes, 445–446
MBO, 347–348
measuring performance, 531
motivation; see Motivation
by peers, 349
by personal observation, 531
purposes of, 347
reinforcing, 443–447
results appraisals, 347–348
rewards and punishments, 351–357, 444–445,
453–454, 479–480, 612
self-appraisals, 349
setting standards, 530–532, 546–548
by subordinates, 349
by teams, 349
of teams, 479
360 degree appraisal, 349–350
trait appraisal, 347
what to appraise, 347–349
who should appraise, 349–350
Performance behaviors, 415–417
Performance drivers, 7–11
Performance gap The difference between
actual performance and desired performance,
610
Performance goals, 479
Performance norms, 482–483
Performance-related beliefs, 447–449
Performance tests, 337
Performance-to-outcome link, 447–448
Performing stage, 476
Personal Assessment of Management Skills
(PAMS), 27–29
Personal fulfillment, 37
Organizational behavior, 38
Organizational behavior modification
(OB mod) The application of reinforcement
theory in organizational settings, 443
Organizational climate The patterns
of attitudes and behavior that shape people’s
experience of an organization, 71–72
Organizational communication, 512–517
Organizational learning, 582, 585
Organizational suitability, 576–577
Organizations
assessment of, 392
decision making; see Decision making
high-involvement, 301–302
learning, 300–301, 582, 585
multicultural, 389–391
pluralistic, 390
Organizing The management function of
assembling and coordinating human, financial,
physical, informational, and other resources
needed to achieve goals, 13–14
Orientation training Training designed
to introduce new employees to the company and
familiarize them with policies, procedures, culture,
and the like, 345
OST system, 145
Outback Steakhouse, 142–143
Outcome A consequence a person receives
for his or her performance, 447, 458
Outplacement The process of helping
people who have been dismissed from the
company regain employment elsewhere, 340
Outputs The products and services
organizations create, 44
Outside directors, 267
Outsourcing Contracting with an
outside provider to produce one or more of an
organization’s goods or services, 192–194, 594
P
Pacific Gas & Electric, 183
Pacific Rim, 196–198
Pacific Sunwear, 595–596
Pacification, competitive, 62
Pacing technologies, 570
Packaging, 172, 174
Panasonic, 205
Paper-and-pencil honesty tests, 338
Paper-Feet, 241
Parading A team strategy that entails
simultaneously emphasizing internal team building
and achieving external visibility, 485
Parallel teams Teams that operate
separately from the regular work structure and
exist temporarily, 473
Paralysis by analysis, 86
Parker Hannifin Corporation, 317
Parochialism, 390Glossary / Subjects IND-15
Rational culture, 70
Ratios, financial, 541–544
RCA Corporation, 204, 208
Reactive change A response that occurs
under pressure; problem-driven change, 617
Reading skills, 510–511
Ready-made solutions Ideas that have
been seen or tried before, 84
Real-time information, 92
Receiver, 498
Receiver skills, 510–512
Receptiveness, anticipated market, 572–573
Recession, Great, 46–47
Reconciliation, 170–171
Recruitment The development of a pool of
applicants for jobs in an organization, 333–334,
392
Red Frog Events, 162
Reductions, in workforce, 340–343
Reengineering, 311–312
Reference checks, 335–336
Referent power, 412
Reflection Process by which a person states
what he or she believes the other person is saying,
510
Refreezing Strengthening the new behaviors
that support the change, 611
Regulations, impacting business, 48
Regulators, 48
Regulatory analysis, 132
Reinforcers Positive consequences that
motivate behavior, 443
Relatedness needs, 451
Relating, 482
Relationship-motivated leadership
Leadership that places primary emphasis on
maintaining good interpersonal relationships,
420
Relationship-oriented behavior, 416
Relativism Philosophy that bases ethical
behavior on the opinions and behaviors of relevant
other people, 158, 159
Reliability The consistency of test scores
over time and across alternative measurements,
338–339
Rent the Runway, 229
RescueTime, 446
Research and engineering function, 592
Research partnerships, 579
Reserves, 584
Resistance
to change, 606–611
to control, 546
Resources Inputs to a system that can
enhance performance, 134–136
Responsibility The assignment of a task
that an employee is supposed to carry out,
270–271
Project and development teams
Teams that work on long-term projects but
disband once the work is completed, 250, 473
Promotions, 396–397
Prospectors Companies that continuously
change the boundaries for their task environments
by seeking new products and markets, diversifying
and merging, or acquiring new enterprises, 62,
576
Protectionism, 202
Provincialism, 547
Prudential Insurance, 287
Pseudotransformational leaders
Leaders who talk about positive change but
allow their self-interest to take precedence over
followers’ needs, 427
Psychological biases, 89–91
Psychological contract A set of
perceptions of what employees owe their
employers, and what their employers owe them,
462
Psychological maturity An employee’s
self-confidence and self-respect, 421
Public stock offering, 242–243
Puma, 184
Punishment Administering an aversive
consequence, 444
Purchasing function, 593
Pure Digital, 140
Pure-play operations, 595
Q
QlikTech, 137
Quaker Oats, 268
Quality The excellence of your product (goods
or services), 8
awards for, 310–311
certification of, 311
continuous improvement, 8, 308
defects, 8, 535–537
ISO 9001, 311
service, 9
six sigma, 310, 535–537, 545
TQM, 309, 592
Quality of work life (QWL)
programs Programs designed to create a
workplace that enhances employee wellbeing,
460–461
Quantitative management, 38
Question marks, 139–140
Quick Lane Tire & Auto Center, 441–442
Quid pro quo harassment, 376
QuikTrip, 445
Quotas, 202
R
R.A. Jones & Company, 319
Radio frequency identification (RFID), 317–318, 573
Radio Shack, 596
Rainmaker Thinking, 383
RAND Corporation, 570
Positive self-regard, 425
Power The ability to influence others, 410
informal, 271
leadership and, 410–412
need for, 452
sources of, 411–412
Power distance, 214–215
PPR Group, 184
Practical Computer Applications, 242
Pratt & Whitney, 563
Preemployment testing, 336–339
Pregnancy Discrimination Act, 356
Preliminary control, 533
Presentation skills, 506–507
PriceSpective, 329–330
PricewaterhouseCoopers, 175, 184, 380, 609
Pricing, transfer, 552
Principle of exception A managerial
principle stating that control is enhanced by
concentrating on the exceptions to or significant
deviations from the expected result or standard,
531–532
Proactive change A response that is
initiated before a performance gap has occurred,
617
Probing A team strategy that requires team
members to interact frequently with outsiders,
diagnose their needs, and experiment with
solutions, 485
Procedural justice Using fair process
in decision making and making sure others
know that the process was as fair as possible,
459–460
Process engineering role, 283
Process innovation, 562
Procter & Gamble, 125, 180, 182, 202, 204, 210,
231, 237, 312, 344, 380, 385
Product champion A person who
promotes a new technology throughout the
organization in an effort to obtain acceptance of
and support for it, 581
Product complements, 53–55
Product development, 7
Product divisions, 277–278
Product innovation, 562
Product life cycle, 565
Product managers, 281
Product Red, 62
Production budget, 539
Productivity, 461
Profit and loss statement An itemized
financial statement of the income and expenses of
a company’s operations, 541, 543
Profit margin, 308
Profit-sharing plans, 353
Profitability ratios, 543
Programmed decisions Decisions
encountered and made before, having objectively
correct answers, and solvable by using simple
rules, policies, or numerical computations,
80–81
Progressive discipline, 340–341, 550IND-16 Glossary / Subjects
Siemens, 6, 173, 209
Silent killers, of strategies, 144
Similarity, 390
Simultaneous engineering, 319
Singapore Airlines, 10
Situational analysis A process planners
use, within time and resource constraints, to
gather, interpret, and summarize all information
relevant to the planning issue under consideration,
120–121
Situational approach Leadership
perspective proposing that universally important
traits and behaviors do not exist and that effective
leadership behavior varies from situation to
situation, 417–423
Situational interview, 335
Situational theory, 421
Six sigma quality A method of
systematically analyzing work processes to
identify and eliminate virtually all causes of
defects, standardizing the processes to reach the
lowest practicable level of any cause of customer
dissatisfaction, 310, 535–537, 545
Skill building, 394–395
Skunkworks A project team designated to
produce a new, innovative product, 250, 584
Slack resources, 286
Small batch Technologies that produce
goods and services in low volume, 313
Small business A business having fewer
than 100 employees, independently owned
and operated, not dominant in its field, and not
characterized by many innovative practices, 226,
302–304
Small Business Administration, 226, 233, 243
SMART, 121–122, 442
Smarter Planet initiative, 200
Smithfield Foods, 168
Smoothing Leveling normal fluctuations at
the boundaries of the environment, 65
Social analysis, 132
Social capital Goodwill stemming
from your social relationships; a competitive
advantage in the form of relationships with other
people and the image other people have of you,
23, 248
Social enterprises Organization that applies
business models and leverages resources in ways
that address social problems, 235
Social entrepreneurship Leveraging
resources to address social problems, 235–236
Social facilitation effect Working harder
when in a group than when working alone,
479–480
Social intelligence, 94
Social issues, 50
Scenario A narrative that describes a
particular set of future conditions, 59–60, 85–86,
123
Schedules, flexible, 374
Schering, 61
Schott, 133
Scientific management, 34–36, 551
Scorecard, balanced, 127, 550
Scotsman Ice Systems, 579
Scott Paper, 142, 183
Scouting, 482
Sears, 278, 302, 333, 337, 595
Secura Insurance, 515
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 48,
164, 184, 217, 246, 269
Selection Choosing from among qualified
applicants to hire into an organization, 334–339
Self-actualization, 37, 450–451
Self-appraisals, 349
Self-confidence, 413
Self-contained tasks, 286
Self-designing teams Teams with the
responsibilities of autonomous work groups, plus
control over hiring, firing, and deciding what tasks
members perform, 475
Self-managed teams Autonomous work
groups in which workers are trained to do all or
most of the jobs in a unit, have no immediate
supervisor, and make decisions previously made by
frontline supervisors, 474–476
Self-reliance, 21–22
Self-SWOT, 137
Semco, 472
Sender, 498
Sender skills, 506–509
Servant-leader A leader who serves
others’ needs while strengthening the
organization, 428
Servatii Pastry Shop, 242
Service The speed and dependability with
which an organization delivers what customers
want, 9
Service Cloud, 308
Service relationships, 485–486
Service sector, employment in, 9
ServiceMaster, 441
Seventh Generation Products, 180, 184
Sexual harassment Conduct of a sexual
nature that has negative consequences for
employment, 341–342, 376–377
Shapers Companies that try to change the
structure of their industries, creating a future
competitive landscape of their own design, 618
Shared leadership Rotating leadership, in
which people rotate through the leadership role
based on which person has the most relevant skills
at a particular time, 428–429, 606
Shell, 47, 269, 313, 349
Sheraton, 203
Shout! Factory, 239
SI Group, 209
Siderca, 199
Responsive organization, 296–298
Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive, 183
Results appraisals, 347–348
Résumés, 334
Retaining employees, 384, 395–397
Rethink Robotics, 573
Retirement, 381–382
Return on investment (ROI) A ratio
of profit to capital used, or a rate of return from
capital, 543
Reverse logistics, 183
Reverse mentoring, 396
Reward power, 412
Rewards and punishments, for performance,
351–357, 444–445, 453–454, 479–480, 612
RFID, 317–318, 573
Right-to-work Legislation that allows
employees to work without having to join a union,
360
Rightsizing A successful effort to achieve an
appropriate size at which the company performs
most effectively, 305
Rigid bureaucratic behavior, 544–545
Ring Masters, 246
Risk The state that exists when the probability
of success is less than 100 percent and losses
may occur, 82
entrepreneurship and, 237–238, 239, 247, 250
environment and, 171–172
Ritz-Carlton, 9, 69, 547–549
ROI, 543
Roles Different sets of expectations for how
different individuals should behave, 481–482
Rotation, of jobs, 345, 454
Royal Dutch Shell, 60, 182, 357
Ruby Tuesday, 208
Rugged individualism, 214
Rumors, controlling, 516–517
Russell Reynolds, 210
Ryanair, 10
S
Safety, 356–357
Safeway, 138, 225, 576
Salaries, 352
Sales expense budget, 538–539
Salesforce.com, 307–308
Samsung, 4, 198
San Francisco Federal Credit Union, 276
Sarbanes-Oxley Act An act passed into
law by Congress in to establish strict accounting
and reporting rules in order to make senior
managers more accountable and to improve and
maintain investor confidence, 160–161, 163,
269, 553
SAS, 5, 439–440, 449, 463
Satisfaction, job, 460–462
Satisficing Choosing an option that is
acceptable, although not necessarily the best or
perfect, 86–87, 95
Scale economies, 302
Scanning, environmental, 59, 572Glossary / Subjects IND-17
Strategy A pattern of actions and resource
allocations designed to achieve the organization’s
goals, 125
business, 141–142
concentration, 138–139
concentric, 138–139
conglomerate diversification, 139
cooperative, 63
corporate, 138–141
differentiation, 141–142, 264–265, 566
functional, 142–143
implementation, 143–144
independent, 62–63
low-cost, 141, 566
silent killers of, 144
vertical integration, 138–139
Strategy map, 127–128
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats,
137–138, 149–150
Stretch goals Targets that are particularly
demanding, sometimes even thought to be
impossible, 442
Strikes, 360
Strong cultures, 67–68
Structure, lack of, 80–81
Structured interview Selection technique
that involves asking all applicants the same
questions and comparing their responses to a
standardized set of answers, 335
Subordinates, appraisal by, 349
Subscription model Charging fees for site
visits, 234
Subsidiaries, wholly owned, 209
Substitutes, threat of, 53–55
Substitutes for leadership Factors
in the workplace that can exert the same
influence on employees as leaders would provide,
422–423
Subunits Subdivisions of an organization,
269
Succession, mortality and, 242
Sun Microsystems, 380
Suntech Power, 207
Superordinate goals Higher-level goals
taking priority over specific individual or group
goals, 488
Supervisory leadership Behavior that
provides guidance, support, and corrective
feedback for day-to-day activities, 409
Supplier partnerships, 56
Suppliers, 55–56
Supply and demand, 332
Supply chain management The
managing of the network of facilities and
people that obtain materials from outside the
organization, transform them into products, and
distribute them to customers, 55–56
Supply of labor, 331–332
Support groups, 395
Supportive leadership, 414, 421
Survive and thrive, 24–25
Steinway, 143
Stereotyping, 387
Stock exchanges, 46–47
Stock options, 354–355
Stockholders, 267
Stockholders’ equity The amount
accruing to the corporation’s owners, 541
Stonyfield’s, 173
Storming, 476
Strategic alliance A formal relationship
created among independent organizations with
the purpose of joint pursuit of mutual goals, 63,
141, 299–300, 301
Strategic budgets, 145
Strategic control system A system
designed to support managers in evaluating the
organization’s progress regarding its strategy and,
when discrepancies exist, taking corrective action,
144–145
Strategic goals Major targets or end results
relating to the organization’s long-term survival,
value, and growth, 125–126, 131
Strategic integration, 181–182
Strategic interventions, 605
Strategic leadership Behavior that
gives purpose and meaning to organizations,
envisioning and creating a positive future,
409–410
Strategic management A process
that involves managers from all parts of
the organization in the formulation and
implementation of strategic goals and strategies,
129–130
Strategic managers, 16
Strategic maneuvering An organization’s
conscious efforts to change the boundaries of its
task environment, 61
Strategic partnership, 56, 141; see also Partnerships
Strategic planning A set of procedures
for making decisions about the organization’s
long-term goals and strategies, 125; see also
Planning
aligning, 126–128
barriers to, 144
contingency plans, 85–86, 122
core competencies, 134–136, 298–299, 585
goals of, 125–126, 592
staff involvement in, 127–129
steps
analysis of external opportunities/threats,
132–134
analysis of internal strengths/weakness,
134–137
establish mission/vision/goals, 68–69,
130–131
strategic control, 144–145
strategy implementation, 143–144
SWOT analysis, 137–138, 149–150
Strategic triangle, 306–307
Strategic vision The long-term direction
and strategic intent of a company, 130–131
Social loafing Working less hard and being
less productive when in a group, 479
Social media, 501–504
Social networking, 23, 58, 72, 308, 336, 383
Social realities, 93
Social responsibility, 166–171; see also Ethics
Social Security Act, 355
Socialized power, 452
Sociotechnical systems An approach
to job design that attempts to redesign tasks
to optimize operation of a new technology
while preserving employees’ interpersonal
relationships and other human aspects of the
work, 586
Sodexo, 380
Solutionary, 487
Sony Corporation, 57, 136, 190, 198, 204, 231,
319, 602, 603
Sound Sports, 239
South America, 198–199
Southwest Airlines, 38, 62, 141, 328–329, 426, 457
Span of control The number of
subordinates who report directly to an executive or
supervisor, 269–270
Specialist, 21
Specialization A process in which
different individuals and units perform different
tasks, 265
Specific feedback, 350
Spectrum Health, 8
Speed Fast and timely execution, response,
and delivery of results, 9–10, 317–319
Speed trap, 91–92
Spirit Airlines, 145
Spotify, 229
Spreadshirt.com, 234
Springfield ReManufacturing Corporation, 514
Sprint, 68, 353
Square, 571
Stabilization relationships, 486
Staff departments Units that support line
departments, 273–274
Stakeholders Groups and individuals who
affect and are affected by the achievement of
the organization’s mission, goals, and strategies,
132
Standard Expected performance for a
given goal: a target that establishes a desired
performance level, motivates performance, and
serves as a benchmark against which actual
performance is assessed, 530
corporate ethics, 163
ISO 9001, 311
performance, 530–532, 546–548
Standard & Poor’s, 46–47, 354, 372
Standardization Establishing common
routines and procedures that apply uniformly to
everyone, 35, 284
Staples, 183
Starbucks, 8, 58, 204–205, 300, 304, 618
Stars, 139–140
State Farm Insurance, 455IND-18 Glossary / Subjects
job design and human resources, 586–587
key, 570
large batch, 313
leadership in, 567–569
managerial roles, 580–582
measuring current, 570–571
organizational agility and, 312–319
organizational suitability, 576–577
organizing for, 582–587
pacing, 570
small batch, 313
sourcing and acquiring, 578–580
trading, 579
virtual conflict, 489–490
Technology audit Process of clarifying
the key technologies on which an organization
depends, 570
Technology life cycle A predictable
pattern followed by a technological innovation,
from its inception and development to market
saturation and replacement, 564–565
Technostructural interventions, 605
Teleconferencing, 501
Teledyne, 246
TelePresence, 140
Teleworking, 393
Temporary workers, 304
Tenaris, 199
Termination, 340–341
Termination-at-will, 340
Termination interview A discussion
between a manager and an employee about the
employee’s dismissal, 341
Tesla Motors, 561–562, 577, 587
Texas Instruments, 145, 210, 279, 334, 480
Theory X and Y, 38
Thinkers, 604
Third-country nationals Natives of a
country other than the home country or the host
country of an overseas subsidiary, 210
Third-party intervention, 488
Threadless, 82
Threats
analysis of, 132–134, 137–138, 149–150
of new entrants, 52–53
of substitutes, 53–55
360-degree appraisal Process of
using multiple sources of appraisal to gain a
comprehensive perspective on one’s performance,
349–350
3Cinteractive, 234
3M, 172, 183, 184, 407–408, 472, 536, 545,
567–568, 576, 583–584, 602, 603
Timberland, 173
Time-and-motion studies, 35
Time-based competition (TBC)
Strategies aimed at reducing the total time needed
to deliver a good or service, 317–319
Time Inc., 278
Time pressures, 91–92
Time Warner, 141, 272–273, 601–602, 613, 623
Toepener, 238
Tom’s of Maine, 173
Top-down budgets, 539
Top-down management, 13
Top-level managers Senior executives
responsible for the overall management and
effectiveness of the organization, 16
Teaming A strategy of teamwork on the
fly, creating many temporary, changing teams,
474
Teams A small number of people with
complementary skills who are committed to a
common purpose, set of performance goals,
and approach for which they hold themselves
mutually accountable, 470–495, 476; see also
Groups
benefits, 472
boundary-spanning, 485
building effective, 478–484
coaching, 513
cohesiveness, 482–484
conflict among, 486–490
contribution of, 472
creating high performance, 483–484
decision making using, 93–95, 105
empowerment, 478, 482
failure of, 477–478
goal setting, 442
versus groups, 476
management, 473
managing lateral relationships, 485–490
mediators and, 488–489
motivating and rewarding, 479–480
norms, 481
parallel, 473
performance appraisals using, 349
performance of, 479
project, 250, 473
roles, 481–482
self-managed, 474–476
shared leadership, 428–429
skills needed by, 480–481
top-management, 248, 269
versus traditional environment, 474
training of, 345
transition from groups to, 476–478
transnational, 473
types of, 472–475
virtual, 473–474, 476
work, 472–473
Technical innovator A person who
develops a new technology or has the key skills to
install and operate the technology, 581
Technical skill The ability to perform a
specialized task involving a particular method or
process, 19
Technological analysis, 132
Technology The systematic application of
scientific knowledge to a new product, process, or
service; see also Internet
adopters of new, 565–566
advances in, 47
anticipating market receptiveness, 572–573
assessing needs and trends, 570–572
base, 571
benchmarking, 572
changes in, 5–6
competency development, 575–576
continuous process, 313
defined, 312, 562
development projects, 585
dissemination pattern, 565
driving forces, 563
early adopters, 565, 576
economic viability, 574–575
emerging, 570
feasibility, 573
followership, 569–570
Survivor’s syndrome Loss of productivity
and morale in employees who remain after a
downsizing, 305
Sustainability audits, 538
Sustainability The effort to minimize the
use of resources, especially those that are polluting
and nonrenewable, 11–12, 50, 168, 172–173
Sustainable growth Economic
growth and development that meets present
needs without harming the needs of future
generations, 172
Suzuki, 53
Switching costs Fixed costs buyers face
when they change suppliers, 55, 568
SWOT analysis A comparison of strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that helps
executives formulate strategy, 137–138, 149–150
Symbols, rites, and ceremonies, 68
Systematic management, 34
Systems accommodation, 397
Systems theory, 38
Systems thinking, 181
T
T-shaped managers, 6
Taco Bell, 533
Tactical behavior, 545–546
Tactical managers, 16
Tactical planning A set of procedures for
translating broad strategic goals and plans into
specific goals and plans that are relevant to a
distinct portion of the organization, such as a
functional area like marketing, 125–127, 126
Taft-Hartley Act, 358
Tall organization, 269
Tangible assets, 134
Target, 127, 225, 384
Tariffs, 202, 207
Task force, 286
Task identity, 455
Task-motivated leadership Leadership
that places primary emphasis on completing a
task, 420
Task-oriented behavior, 416
Task performance behaviors Actions
taken to ensure that the work group or
organization reaches its goals, 414
Task significance, 455
Task specialist role An individual who has
more advanced job-related skills and abilities than
other group members possess, 481
Tata Group, 198
Tata Motors, 53
Team maintenance role Individual who
develops and maintains team harmony, 481
Team training Training that provides
employees with the skills and perspectives they
need to collaborate with others, 345Glossary / Subjects IND-19
Universal needs, 200–201
Universalism The ethical system stating that
all people should uphold certain values that society
needs to function, 157
Unstructured interview, 335
UPS, 156, 217
Upward communication Information
that flows from lower to higher levels in the
organization’s hierarchy, 514–515
US Airways, 140
US Security Associates, 531
Utilitarianism An ethical system stating that
the greatest good for the greatest number should
be the overriding concern of decision makers,
158, 159
V
Valence The value an outcome holds for the
person contemplating it, 448
Valent outcomes, 448
Validity The degree to which a selection
test predicts or correlates with job performance,
338–339
Value The monetary amount associated with
how well a job, task, good, or service meets users’
needs, 13, 69
Value-added manufacturing, 318
Value chain The sequence of activities that
flow from raw materials to the delivery of a good
or service, with additional value created at each
step, 308–309
Valve, 142
Valve Software, 266
Vanity, 547
Variable pay, 353–354
Veil of ignorance, 165
Verizon, 344–345
Verlinvest, 252
Vertical integration The acquisition or
development of new businesses that produce parts
or components of the organization’s product,
138–139
Vertical leader, 428–429
Vertical organizational structure
authority, 267–269
decentralization, 64, 272–273
delegation, 241, 270–272
hierarchical, 269
span of control, 269–270
Vertical stretch goals, 442
Viacom, 63
Videoconferencing, 501
Vigilance A process in which a decision
maker carefully executes all stages of decision
making, 89
Vine, 579
Virgin Airlines, 94
Virginia Commonwealth University Health
System, 6
Virginia Mason Medical Center, 12, 534
local responsiveness; and fostering communication
among subsidiaries to permit transfer of
technological expertise and skills, 204–206
Transnational teams, 473
Transocean, 92
Transportation costs, 207
Tribune Company, 68
TripAdvisor, 7
Triple bottom line Economic, social, and
environmental performance, 168
TruGreen, 230
TRW, 279
TSG Consumer Partners, 252
Tumblr, 229, 248, 287
Twitter, 7, 94, 282, 287, 308, 502, 503, 579–580
Two-boss managers, 281
Two-factor theory Herzberg’s theory
describing two factors affecting people’s work
motivation and satisfaction, 454
Two-way communication A process in
which information flows in two directions—the
receiver provides feedback, and the sender is
receptive to the feedback, 498–499
Tyranny of the or The belief that things
must be either A or B and cannot be both; that only
one goal and not another can be attained, 604
Tyson Foods, 579
U
UberMedia, 239
Umpqua Bank, 449
Uncertainty The state that exists when
decision makers have insufficient information,
82
adapting to, 64–65
avoidance of, 214
environmental, 58–59
and risk, 81–82
Unemployment insurance, 355
Unexamined assumptions, 386
Unfreezing Realizing that current practices
are inappropriate and that new behavior is
necessary, 609–610
Unification, European, 195–196
Unilever, 173, 183, 186, 204, 302, 303
Union Carbide, 59, 100–101, 179
Union Pacific, 183, 342, 406
Union shop An organization with a union
and a union security clause specifying that
workers must join the union after a set period of
time, 360
Unionization, 358–359
Unisys, 61, 163–164
United Airlines, 515
U.S. Cellular, 503
U.S. Postal Service, 299
U.S. Sentencing Commission, 217
U.S. Steel, 34
United Technologies, 217
Unity-of-command principle
A structure in which each worker reports to one
boss, who in turn reports to one boss, 279
Top-management teams, 248, 269
Total organization change Introducing
and sustaining multiple policies, practices, and
procedures across multiple units and levels, 614
Total quality management (TQM)
An integrative approach to management that
supports the attainment of customer satisfaction
through a wide variety of tools and techniques
that result in high-quality goods and services,
309, 592
Toxic Release Inventory, 180
Toyota Motor Corporation, 7, 8, 10, 173, 191, 196,
203, 210, 213, 264, 300, 307, 316, 319, 587
Toys “R” Us, 80, 595, 597
TQM, 309, 592
Trade imbalance, 197–198
Trademarks, 48
Traders, 604
Trading, technology, 579
Trading partners, 196
Traditional work groups Groups that
have no managerial responsibilities, 474
Tragedy of the commons, 180
Training ABC, 394
Training Teaching lower-level employees how
to perform their present jobs, 344
diversity, 346, 394–395
management programs, 346
methods used, 345–346
orientation, 345
process, 344–345
of teams, 345
Trait appraisals, 347
Trait approach A leadership perspective
that attempts to determine the personal
characteristics that great leaders share,
412–413
Transaction fee model Charging fees for
goods and services, 234
Transactional leaders Leaders who
manage through transactions, using their
legitimate, reward, and coercive powers to give
commands and exchange rewards for services
rendered, 425
Transcendent education An education
with five higher goals that balance self-interest
with responsibility to others, 169
Transfer price Price charged by one unit for
a good or service provided to another unit within
the organization, 552
Transformational leader A leader who
motivates people to transcend their personal
interests for the good of the group, 425–427
Transition phase, 476–477
Transnational model An organizational
model characterized by centralizing certain
functions in locations that best achieve cost
economies; basing other functions in the
company’s national subsidiaries to facilitate greaterIND-20 Glossary / Subjects
labor shortages in, 331–332
mentally and physically disabled, 380–381
minorities in, 378–380
reduction of, 340–343
women in, 49–50, 370–371, 373–378
Working groups, 476
Working leaders, 18
World class, becoming, 602–605
The World is Flat, 188
World Trade Organization (WTO), 194–195, 207
WorldCom, 160
Worst-case scenario, 59–60
Writing skills, 507–508
Written communication, 501, 531
X
Xerox Corporation, 59, 136, 202, 279, 328, 339,
349, 374, 380, 392, 535, 581
Y
Y Combinator, 229
Yahoo, 497–498, 505, 518
Yamaha Corporation, 84
Yelp, 7
YouTube, 63
Yum Brands, 427–428
Z
Zale Corporation, 335
Zappos, 7, 135, 229, 247
Zazzle.com, 234
Zenith, 204
Zero defects, 8
Zero-sum game, 12
Zipcar, 240–241
WARN Act, 342
Washington State Employees Credit Union, 609
Waste elimination, 318–319
Waste Management Inc., 183, 184
Weak cultures, 67–68
Weaknesses, analysis of, 134–137, 149–150
Web 2.0, 6
Web Crossing, 502
Wellpoint, 279
Wells Fargo, 452
Western Electric, 36
Weyerhaeuser Company, 59, 62, 91, 183
Whirlpool, 211
Whistleblowing, 166, 340
WhiteSmoke, 191–192
Whole Foods Market, 127, 167, 225, 328,
471–472, 475–476, 490
Wholly owned subsidiaries, 209
WHYCO Chromium Company, 182
Wikis, 501–502
Wild Flavors, 55
Wildcat strikes, 360
Win-win, 179
Wipro, 198
W.L. Gore, 472
Women
glass ceiling, 374–375
in the workforce, 49–50, 370–371, 373–378
Work-flow relationship, 485
Work teams Teams that make or do
things like manufacture, assemble, sell, or provide
service, 472–473
Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification
Act, 342
Workers’ compensation, 355
Workforce
age of, 381–383
demographics, 49–50
education level, 381
immigrants in, 49–50, 370–371, 378–380
Virtual conflict, 489–490
Virtual office A mobile office in which
people can work anywhere, as long as they have
the tools to communicate with customers and
colleagues, 282–283, 504
Virtual teams Teams that are physically
dispersed and communicate electronically more
than face-to-face, 473–474, 476
Virtue ethics Perspective that what is moral
comes from what a mature person with “good”
moral character would deem right, 158–159
Vision A mental image of a possible and
desirable future state of the organization, 69,
130–131, 407–408, 615–616
Vocational Rehabilitation Act, 343
Volkswagen, 4, 186, 264
Vroom model A situational model that
focuses on the participative dimension of
leadership, 418–419
W
Wages/payment systems, 351–356, 586
Wagner Act, 358
Walgreens, 234
Walmart, 10, 127, 141, 168, 183, 202, 229, 231,
263, 302–303, 308, 317, 342, 353, 358,
573, 576, 602, 603
Walt Disney Company, 67, 119–120, 127, 129,
134, 145–146, 188, 197, 603
Ward Group, 137IND-21
NAME INDEX
A
Aaron, J. R., N-24
Abood, Farif Ali, 134
Abrams, L., N-36
Acheampong, Nanama, N-32
Ackerley, Anne, 22
Ackerman, T., N-21
Ackermann, F., N-40
Adams, J., N-10, N-30
Adams, R. J., 228
Aditya, R., N-26, N-27
Adler, Nancy J., 161, 390, N-5, N-24, N-29, N-36
Adler, P., N-2, N-18
Aeppel, Timothy, N-20
Aghili, S., N-37
Agle, B., N-27
Aguinis, H., N-9
Ahmed, A., N-23
Aho, Karen, N-24
Aiken, C., N-41
Aiman-Smith, Lynda, N-39, N-40
Ainina, M. Fall, N-25, N-26
Akerson, Daniel, 263, 279, 288
Akhtar, Omar, N-28
Albrecht, K., N-27
Alderfer, Clayton P., 451–452, N-29
Alderman, Liz, N-12, N-13
Aldrich, H., N-14
Alexander, E. R., N-5, N-34
Algen, D., N-33
Ali, Abbas J., N-16
Ali, S., N-34, N-35
Alic, M., N-37
Allen, Scott J., N-28
Allinson, R. E., N-9
Almirall, Esteve, N-40
Altaffer, A., N-17
Altman, B., N-11
Amabile, T. M., N-6, N-29
Amano, Tomofuni, N-13
Amason, A., N-6
Ammann, Dan, 263, 279, 288
Anand, G., N-12
Anand, N., N-18
Anand, V., N-8, N-9
Anatol, K. W. E., N-36
Ancona, D. G., N-33
Anders, George, N-25, N-26, N-28
Andersen, Erika, N-2
Anderson, Brian S., N-39
Anderson, J. V., N-6
Anderson, K., N-14
Anderson, Pat, 243
Anderson, R. C., N-24
Andreason, Aaron W., N-13
Andrew, J. P., N-40
Anthes, Gary H., N-40
Anthony, S. D., N-38
Antonakis, J., N-2, N-27
Applebaum, R. L., N-36
Appleson, G., N-24
Aquila, F., N-13
Arad, Sharon, N-36
Aranda, E., N-32
Areddy, James T., N-12, N-13
Arends, L., N-28, N-32
Argenti, J., N-16
Argyris, Chris, 38, N-3, N-30, N-34
Armensakis, A., N-41
Armour, S., N-23
Armstrong, Don, N-8
Arndt, Max, 238
Arnoldy, Ben, N-3
Arroniz, I., N-38
Arther, M. B., N-2
Arthur, Winfred, Jr., N-21
Aryee, S., N-17
Ash, Mary Kay, 453
Ash, Ronald A., N-21
Ashcroft, John, 438
Ashford, S., N-6
Ashforth, B., N-8, N-9
Ashkanasy, N., N-2
Ashkenas, Ronald N., 341, N-16, N-20, N-36
Athos, A., N-35
Atilgan, Ceren, N-37
Atkins, P. W. B., N-29
Atkinson, R. D., N-16
Atwater, L., N-26
Austin, N., N-30
Austin, Robert, N-1
Autio, E., N-16
Avalos, George, N-24
Avolio, B. J., N-8, N-27
Axtell, C., N-34
B
Babu, Amar, 218
Bach, P., N-36
Bacharach, S., N-6
Bacher, Jeffrey, N-22
Badarocco, J., Jr., N-8
Bailey, D., N-31, N-32
Bailey, Steve, 509
Bailey, W., N-8
Baird, Lloyd, N-17
Baldanza, Ben, 145
Baldoni, John, N-32
Baldwin, Carliss Y., N-38
Baldwin, Timothy, N-24
Bales, R. F., N-33
Balkundi, P., N-27
Ball, G., N-29
Ball, Jeffrey, N-10
Ballam, Deborah A., N-21
Baltes, B., N-34
Bamberger, P., N-6
Banaji, M., N-8, N-9
Bandler, James, N-22, N-25, N-26, N-28
Banjo, Shelly, N-1
Banker, R., N-31, N-33
Bansal, P., N-10
Banset, Elizabeth, 400
Barber, Nigel, N-28, N-31
Bardes, M., N-27
Barkema, H., N-32
Barker, J., N-18
Barkholz, D., N-7
Barling, J., N-27, N-30
Barnard, Chester, 36, N-2
Barnes, Brooks, N-7, N-8
Barnes, C., N-32
Barnes, D., N-31
Baron, R. A., N-16
Barra, Mary, 279, 288, 545, N-21
Barrett, Amy, N-5
Barrick, M., N-27
Barry, B., N-42
Bartlett, Christopher A., 18, 200, N-2, N-18,
N-28, N-31
Bartlett, Michael, N-17
Bartol, K., N-30, N-33
Barton, Dominic, N-5, N-9
Barton, Dorothy Leonard, 583
Bartunek, J. M., N-9, N-16
Baruck, Y., N-43
Bass, B. M., N-5, N-26, N-27
Bateman, T., 420, 450, N-5, N-16, N-30, N-42
Bauer, C., N-34
Bauer, T., N-31
Bauerlein, Valerie, N-39
Baughman, J., N-2
Baughman, K., N-21
Baum, J., N-15, N-25, N-26
Bay, Anthony, 25
Baylin, Stephen, 484
Baysinger, R. A., N-22
Bazerman, M., N-5, N-8, N-9
Bear, M., N-6
Beard, A., N-11
Beasley, Robert C., N-13
Beck, Ernest, N-19
Beckett, A., N-24
Beckhard, R., N-42
Bedeian, Arthur G., 30, 435, 520, N-17
Bednarz, Ann, N-8
Beer, M., 144, N-41, N-42
Begin, Sherri, N-1
Behfar, K., N-14
Behr, P., N-27
Behrens, Rick, 55–56
Beinhocker, E., N-42
Belkin, L. Y., N-34, N-35
Belling, Keith, 225–226, 243, 252
Benkovic, Kenneth, 459
Bennett, Jeff, N-4
Bennett, Jessica, N-23
Bennett, Steve, 303
Bennis, W., N-25, N-26, N-27, N-33
Bensen, Connie, N-4
Bercovici, Jeff, N-16
Berg, J., N-15
Bergen, M. E., N-5
Bergeson, Lynn L., N-37
Berkley, J., N-42
Berkley, Robyn A., N-21
Berkowitz, M., N-8
Berland, Edelman, N-8
Bernasco, Wilma, N-17
Berson, Brett, N-25
Bertolini, Mark, 20, N-2
Bertrand, Marianne, N-23
Bewkes, Jeff, 601, 613, 623
Bezos, Jeff, 3–4, 15, 25, 425
Bezrukova, Katerina, N-25
Bian, Lin, N-23
Bickford, Deborah J., N-39
Bierce, Ambrose, 224
Bierly, Paul, N-38
Bies, R. J., N-9, N-36
Bigelow, Robert, 233
Biley, W., N-8
Billington, Corey, N-3
Bingham, Tony, N-27
Binkley, Christina, N-20
Binney, George, 621, N-43
Birdwell, L., N-29
Birger, Jon, N-23
Birkinshaw, Julian, N-38, N-41
Bisoux, T., N-1
Bisson, P., N-1
Black, J., N-41
Blackburn, R., N-32
Blake, Brock, 229
Blake, Robert R., 416, N-26
Blake, S., N-24
Blancero, Donna, N-23
Blanchard, D., N-12
Blanchard, Ken, N-26
Blankenship, George, N-38, N-39
Blenko, M., N-5
Blinder, Alan, 192
Block, P., N-28
Blodget, Henry, 403, N-28
Bloom, M., N-30
Bloom, Nicholas, N-2
Bluestein, Adam, N-4, N-7
Blum, M., N-34
Blumberg, L., N-11
Blume, Brian, N-24
Bock, Laszlo, 327
Boehm, R., N-17
Boer, H., N-17
Bohlander, George W., 338, 351–352, 377, N-23
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 270
Bond, Paul, N-19
Bono, J. E., N-26, N-27, N-28
Boone, Larry W., N-28IND-22 Name Index
Christensen, Clayton M., 566, N-38, N-39
Christian, M. S., N-33
Christie, R., N-12
Christoffersen, John, N-1
Chrysostome, Elie, N-13
Chu, C., N-35, N-36
Chua, CH, N-34
Chuanzhi, Liu, 187
Chugh, D., N-8, N-9
Chui, Michael, N-34
Chung, Chen H., N-20
Chung, Q. B., N-17
Cianni, M., N-31, N-33
Ciulla, J. B., N-9
Clark, K. B., N-38, N-40
Clement-Holmes, Linda, 385
Cline, B. N., N-24
Clough, M. William, N-27
Cober, A. B., N-29
Cochran, P. L., N-9, N-11
Cocuzza, Frank, 552
Cohen, Don, N-4
Cohen, Jordan, 299, N-18
Cohen, Susan, N-31, N-32
Colao, J. J., N-15
Colbert, A., N-27
Colbert, Janet L., N-37
Cole, M., N-2
Colella, A., N-22
Collins, D., N-22
Collins, Jim, 526, 602–604, 621–622, N-14, N-16,
N-27, N-36, N-41, N-43
Collis, David J., N-3, N-7
Colquitt, J., N-27
Coltrin, Sally A., 30, 435, 520
Colvin, Geoffrey, N-1, N-2, N-10, N-18, N-32,
N-39
Commoner, Barry, 180, N-11
Comstock, T. W., N-34, N-35
Conger, J. A., N-22, N-25, N-35, N-42
Conner, C., N-14
Conner, Daryl R., N-41, N-43
Connolly, T., N-29
Conti, R., N-29
Conway, Mckinley, N-42
Conway, R., N-15
Conyon, M. J., N-22
Cook, Jessica, N-20
Cooke, B., N-41
Cooke, R. A., N-9
Coon, H., N-29
Coons, Rebecca, N-37
Cooper, C., 211, N-5, N-28, N-33
Coors, C., 280
Copeland, Michael V., N-15, N-16
Corbett, C. J., N-11
Corcoran, Barbara, 408–409, N-25
Cordeiro, Anjali, N-15
Cording, M., N-10
Correa, D. K., N-16
Cortada, J. W., N-1
Cortina, Jose M., N-21
Cory, Kenneth D., N-4
Cosier, R., N-6
Cotton, R., N-2
Courtney, M., N-42
Courtright, S., N-32
Cowell, J., N-36
Cox, B., N-7
Cox, T., N-24
Coy, Peter, N-19
Crabtree, S., N-22
Crane, A., N-8
Crant, J. M., N-16
Creacy, Harold E., 550
Creech, Bill, N-19
Crisp, C. B., N-34
Crispin, G., N-21
Crooks, Ed, N-20
C
Cackowski, David, N-17
Cahan, V., N-11, N-13
Cairncross, F., N-1
Caldwell, L., N11
Calhoun, David, 21
Callister, R. R., N-34
Camden, Carl, 91
Cameron, Kim S., 29, 70, 108, N-4, N-27, N-42
Cammisa, Jason, N-38, N-39
Camp, Robert C., N-16
Campion, James E., 117, N-21
Campion, M. A., N-20, N-21, N-30
Cancino, Alejandra, N-25, N-26
Candee, D., N-8
Cantalupo, James, 131
Capell, Perri, N-13, N-14
Cappelli, P., N-26
Cardon, M., N-15
Cardwell, Diane, N-13
Carey, A., N-2
Carey, J., N-11
Cariaga, Vance, N-31
Carlson, Ed, 515
Carlson, J. R., N-35
Carnevale, A. P., N-22
Carpenter, Steve, 300
Carr, K. A., N-37
Carr, Linda, N-21
Carroll, A., 169, N-9
Carson, J., N-28, N-33
Carson, Rachel, 180, N-11
Carstedt, G., N-10
Cartwright, Mary Jo, 579
Carvajal, D., N-23
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, N-40
Cascio, W. F., N-19, N-23, N-28
Case, D., N-34
Case, J., N-2, N-36
Casert, R., N-12
Casnocha, B., N-31
Casselman, Ben, N-5, N-6, N-14
Casserly, Meghan, N-14, N-15, N-16, N-20, N-23
Castellani, J. J., N-39
Catron, Philip, 230
Catz, Safra, 375
Cauchon, D., N-22
Cendrowski, S., N-1
Censky, A., N-19
Chafkin, Max, N-4, N-14
Chambers, G. J., N-18
Chambers, John M., 4, 427, 508
Champion, John M., 629, 630
Champy, J., N-19
Chan, R. Y. K., N-11
Chandler, Alfred D., 302, N-2
Chang, Emily, N-34
Chao, Loretta, N-5, N-12, N-13, N-14
Chapman, Lizette, 229
Charan, Ram, 462, N-31, N-35
Chasan, Emily, N-30
Chase, Robin, 240–241
Chatman, J., N-33
Chau, Samantha L., N-37
Chaudhuri, Saabira, N-12
Chen, G., N-31, N-32
Chen, Z. X., N-17
Chenault, Kenneth I., 385
Cheney, G., N-37
Chesbrough, Henry, N-40
Cheung, M., N-42
Cheung, S., N-6
Chiappinelli, C., N-19
Chilakapati, Rakesh, 83, 84, 86, 89
Cho, J. H., N-29
Choi, H., N-33
Chouinard, Yvon, N-10, N-12
Chow, C. W., N-37
Chozick, Amy, N-41, N-42
Bordia, P., N-36
Bornstein, D., N-15
Borrelli, Christopher, N-6
Bossidy, Lawrence, N-35
Boudette, Neal E., N-1
Boulton, Clint, N-19, N-39
Boulton, Guy, N-20
Bourgeois, L. J., III, N-6
Bowen, D., N-26, N-30
Bowen, H. Kent, N-40
Bower, Joseph L., N-7, N-41
Bowie, Carol, N-22
Bowles, Tom, N-24
Boyatzis, R., N-2, N-29
Boyd, B., N-35
Bracker, J., N-6
Bradley, B., N-27
Bradsher, Keith, N-13
Brady, Diane, N-41
Brandt, David, N-32
Branson, Richard, 424
Breeden, Richard, 164
Brett, Jeanne M., N-14, N-33, N-35
Brewer, Rosalind, 375
Bricklin, Dan, N-14
Bridgman, T., N-3
Brief, Arthur, N-42
Bright, J. E. H., N-29
Brockner, J., N-30
Brodsky, Norm, N-15
Brodt, S., N-34
Brodzinski, J., N-25, N-26
Brookes, R., N-8
Brown, Bob, N-19
Brown, J., N-9
Brown, Lester, 186
Brown, M., N-9, N-26
Brown, Shona, 14
Brown, William, 400
Bruno, Antony, N-5
Bruyère, Susanne M., N-24
Bryant, A., N-22, N-27
Buchanan, Leigh, N-4, N-6, N-15, N-28, N-32
Buchholtz, Ann K., N-38
Buchko, Aaron A., N-4
Buck, Michelle L., N-25
Bucking, James W., N-21
Buckley, George, 407–408, 545
Bufe, Bill, 335
Bughin, Jacques, N-34
Buller, Paul, N-14
Burgelman, R. A., N-38
Burgers, Willem P., N-4
Burkart, M., N-25
Burke, Doris, N-25, N-26, N-28
Burke, L., N-36
Burke, Tom, N-11
Burkitt, Laurie, N-13
Burnes, B., N-41
Burnham, Kristin, N-29
Burns, M. S., N-16
Burns, Michael, N-19
Burns, Tom, 296, N-18
Burns, Ursula, 374, 375
Burr, J. T., N-37
Burritt, C., 628
Busch, Elizabeth, 240
Bush, George W., 199
Bussey, J., 258
Bustillo, M., N-39
Butcher, V., N-27
Butler, T., N-36
Butterfield, K., N-29
Butts, M. M., N-30
Buyens, D., N-6
Bykowski, John, 515
Byrd, M. J., N-14
Byrnes, Brendan, N-7
Byron, K., N-35Name Index IND-23
Edwards, M., N-22
Efrati, A., N-23
Ehrenfeld, John, N-1
Eichler, A., N-19
Eifert, Benn, N-2
Einhorn, Bruce, 258, N-12, N-14
Einstein, Albert, 97
Eisenberg, B., N-23
Eisenhardt, Kathleen M., N-6, N-39
Eisenstat, R. A., 144, N-8, N-41
Eisenstein, Paul A., N-16, N-18
Ekegren, G., N-29
Elkington, J., N-11, N-12
Elliott, M., N-12
Elliott, S., N-13
Elliott-McCrea, Kellen, N-25
Ellis, A. P. J., N-17, N-33
Ellis, K. M., N-17
Ellison, H., N-11, N-12
Ellison, J., N-10
Ellison, Lawrence, 610
Ely, R. J., N-24
Emmer, Bob, 239
Enayati, Amanda, N-34, N-35, N-36
Enders, Tom, 79
Eng, Dinah, N-25
Epitropaki, O., N-27
Erdogan, B., N-31
Erez, A., N-27
Erez, M., N-32
Erickson, Tammy, N-4
Ertug, G., N-2
Esenhardt, K. M., N-5
Esterl, Mike, N-3, N-17
Esty, D., N-10, N-11
Etter, L., N-9
Etternson, R., N-10
Ettkin, L. P., N-20
Ettlie, John E., N-20
Evans, James R., N-19
Evans, R., N-5, N-6
Evanschitzky, Heiner, N-30
Ewanick, Joel, 279
Ewen, A. J., N-22
Eyring, M. J., N-3
F
Fahrbach, Kyle, N-38
Falbe, C., N-26
Fanelli, A., N-27
Farh, C., N-33
Farh, J-L., N-32, N-33
Farmer, S. M., N-6
Farnham, A., N-9
Farrell, G., N-19
Fay, Charles, N-22
Fayol, Henri, 36, N-2
Fear, R. A., N-21
Fellermanns, F., N-6
Fenley, M., N-27
Fenn, D., N-15
Fenwick, Marilyn S., N-37
Ferguson, Eammon, N-21
Fernandes, Nuno, N-22
Ferndale, Elaine, N-13
Ferner, Anthony, N-18, N-37
Ferrari, Bernard T., 510, N-35
Ferraro, G., N-35
Ferreira, Miguel A., N-22
Ferrell, O. C., N-8, N-9
Fiedler, F. E., N-26
Field, A. M., N-20
Field, H., N-22
Field, J., N-31
Fields, D. A., N-40
Finegold, D., N-29, N-30
Finkelstein, S., N-15
Dent, E. B., N-41
DeRue, D. S., N-28, N-32
Desai, Ashay B., N-14
Desmidt, Sebastian, N-4
Dess, G. G., N-16
Dessler, G., N-29
DeStrobbeleir, K., N-6
Deutsch, Claudia H., N-34
Devlin, D., N-12
Dewan, Rajiv, N-39
Diaz, George, N-25
Dickson, M., N-34
Dickson, W., N-2
Dickter, David N., N-21
Diener, E., N-31
Dienhart, J., N-9
Dieterich, Chris, N-40
Dietrich, H., N-15
Difonzo, N., N-36
Dingle, Derek T., 379
Dionne, S., N-26
Disney, Walt, 424
Dobbin, F., N-25
Donahue, L., N-31
Donlon, J. P., N-27
Donnelly, J., Jr., 81
Donovan, Michelle A., N-36
Dooley, R., N-6
Doppelt, B., N-1, N-10
Dorfman, P., N-26
Dorn, R., N-40
Dorns, Mark, N-12
Douma, B., N-29
Dowd, Karen O., 29, 178, 465–466
Downes, Larry, N-36, N-37
Doz, Y., N-41
Drach-Zahavy, A., N-31
Dragija, Martina, N-37
Dreiling, Richard, 628
Drexler, Peggy, N-23
Drezner, Daniel W., N-12
Driver, Erica, 138, N-7
Driver, M., N-15
Drnovsek, M., N-17
Droge, Cornelia, N-17
Drucker, Peter F., 2, 24, 42, 242, N-2, N-15
Druskat, Vanessa Urch, N-33, N-37
Dudley, Renee, N-19
Duffy, John, 234
Duffy, M., N-33
Dumaine, B., N-1, N-15
Duncan, R., N-17
Dunfee, T., N-8
Dunnette, M. D., N-33
Duran, M. A., N-29
Durfee, D., N-29
Durham, C., N-32
Duryee, T., N-27
Dutton, J., N-2, N-6, N-27, N-42
Dvir, T., N-27
Dvorak, Phred, N-5
Dye, J., N-34
Dyer, Lee, N-18
E
Early, P. C., N-29, N-35
Eastman, Lorrina J., N-19
Eckes, G., N-37
Economides, Michael I., N-39
Eden, C., N-40
Eden, D., N-27
Edinger, S., N-32
Edison, Thomas, 97, 564
Edman, Nancy J., N-22
Edmondson, A. C., N-31
Edwards, Cliff, N-1
Edwards, Jim, N-7
Cropanzano, R., N-31
Crosby, F. J., N-24
Cross, F. B., N-10
Cross, R., N-17, N-32, N-34, N-36
Crossan, M., N-27
Crossley, C., N-28
Crowley, Mark C., N-28, N-29, N-31
Crozier, Jen, N-10
Cullen, John B., N-8, N-18
Culpan, T., 258
Cummings, A., N-29
Cummings, S., N-3
Cummings, T., N-41
Cust, D., N-39
Cusumano, Michael A., N-4
D
Dacin, M. T., N-15
Dacin, P., N-15
Daft, Richard L., N-4, N-35
Dahl, D., N-21
Dahlin, K., N-33
Dahling, Jason J., N-37
Daily, C. M., N-17
Dalrymple, J., 258
Dalton, D. R., N-17
D’Amelio, A., N-41
Dantas, I., N-13
Darlin, D., N-22
Dasborough, M., N-2
Dash, Anil, 243
D’Aveni, Richard A., N-4
Davidson, M. N., 388, N-24
Davila, Antonio, N-36
Davis, Andrea, N-31, N-32
Davis, B., N-12
Davis, Edward W., N-3
Davis, Grant, N-37
Davis, I., N-42
Davis, Keith, 322, N-36
Davis, Nancy M., N-4
Davis, S., N-5, N-15, N-18
Davis, T. R. V., N-36
Davison, H. K., N-21
Davison, S., N-31
Dawson, C., N-19
Dawson, Peter P., 494
Day, D. L., N-40
Day, D. V., N-26
Day, G. S., N-17
De Cremer, D., N-30
De Dreu, C., N-6
De George, R. T., N-9
de Janasz, Suzanne C., 29, 178, 465–466, 627
de Vise, Daniel, N-24
de WeerdNederhof, Petra C., N-17
de Wit, F. R. C., N-33
De Witt, R. L., N-21
Dean, James W., Jr., 586, N-4, N-5, N-6
Dean, Josh, N-19
Deardorff, Julie, N-42
Dechant, K., N-11
DeChurch, L. A., N-33, N-34
Decker, C. D., N-35
Deegan, Shannon, 67
DeGaspari, John, N-3
DeGraff, Jeff, N-40
DeGroot, Christine, 373
Deimler, M., N-41
DeJoy, D. M., N-30
Dekel, Elan, N-5
Del Rey, Jason, N-4
Deleeuw, Kevin, N-21
Dellana, Scott A., N-4
Demetrakakas, P., N-31
Deming, W. Edwards, 8, 309–310, 591
DeNisi, A., N-36IND-24 Name Index
Glassberg, B., N-35
Glater, Jonathan D., N-22, N-37
Glavas, A., N-9
Glover, S., N-9
Glueck, William F., 30, 435, 520
Glunk, U., N-2
Gobel, Reyna, N-7
Godfrey, P. C., N-9
Gold, Russell, N-6
Goldberg, S. Galloway, N-41
Goldenberg, Suzanne, N-3
Goldschmidt, Bridget, N-16
Goldsmith, Jill, N-41, N-42, N-43
Goldsmith, Marshall, N-22, N-28
Goldstein, N. B., N-21
Goleman, D., N-2, N-26
Gomez-Mejia, Luis, N-22
Gong, Y., N-6
Goodheim, L., N-27
Goodnight, James, 5, 439, 449, 463
Goomas, David T., N-37
Gopalakrishnan, Shanthi, N-38
Gordon, Judith R., 32, 41, 105, N-22
Goshal, S., 18, N-2
Gottenbusch, Gary, 242
Gottlieb, R., N-11
Gover, S. L., 155
Govindarajan, Vijay, N-40
Gowan, J. A., Jr., N-38
Gradwohl Smith, W., N-26
Graebner, Melissa E., N-39
Graen, G., N-26
Graham, G., N-35
Grant, A. M., N-26, N-27
Gray, P. B., N-12
Green, Jeff, N-16, N-17
Green, Maria, 406
Green, Stephen G., N-1, N-39, N-40
Greenbaum, R., N-27
Greene, Jay, N-1
Greening, D., N-10
Greenleaf, Robert, 428
Greer, L., N-33
Griffin, Justine, N-15
Griffith, Terri L., N-40
Grimes, M., N-15
Groening, Christopher, N-30
Gross, S., N-22
Grossfield, E., N-22
Grossman, R. J., N-38
Grote, D., N-21
Grove, Andy, 126
Grover, S. L., N-8
Grow, B., N-37
Groysberg, Boris, N-34, N-35
Grynbaum, Michael M., N-3
Guilhon, Bernard, N-39
Guin, Kathleen, 628
Gulate, R., N-41
Gumbus, A., N-38
Gundry, Lisa K., N-40
Gunia, B., N-9
Gunther, Marc, N-10
Guo, C., N-1
Gupta, Amitabh, N-18
Gupta, Anil K., N-40
Gupta, Raj, 273
Gurchiek, K., 403
Guthrie, J. P., N-22
Gutierrez, P. R., N-38
Gutknecht, J., N-36
Guy, M. E., N-8
Guzzo, R., N-42
H
Haanaes, K., N-10, N-40
Hackman, J. Richard, 454–455, N-30, N-31, N-32,
N-33
Haden, Jeff, 341
G
Gabarro, J., N-35
Gadiesh, O., N-30, N-42
Gaines, A., N-28
Galagan, Pat, N-27
Galbraith, Jay, N-3, N-17, N-18, N-21
Galbraith, John Kenneth, 560
Galbraith, Kate, N-3
Gale, S. F., N-24
Gallagher, M., N-22
Gallagher, Thomas L., N-22
Gallo, Carmine, N-4
Gallo, J., N-17
Galunic, C., N-2
Galvin, B., N-27
Gambhir, Ashish, N-30
Gamble, James, 37
Gamer, D., N-15
Gangemi, Jeffrey, N-16
Ganotakis, Panagiotis, N-38
Gantt, Henry, 35
Gard, Larry, N-17
Gardella, A., N-14
Gardner, E., N-37
Gardner, H. K., N-18
Gardner, Jim, N-35
Gardner, John W., N-26, N-36
Gardner, M., N-34
Gardner, N., N-20
Gargiulo, M., N-2
Garretson, R., N-30
Garvin, David A., N-1, N-6, N-18
Garza, A. S., N-17
Gatewood, Robert, N-22
Gayle, Helene, 268
Gebert, D., N-24
Gehlen, F. L., N-5
Gelbart, M., N-38
Gelles, David, N-8
Gentile, Tom, 320
George, Bill, N-8, N-9
George, C., N-2
George, G., N-16
George, William, 20, N-2
Gerhardt, M., N-26
Germain, David, N-1
Germain, Richard, N-17
Geroski, P. A., N-39
Gersick, C. J. G., N-32
Gerstner, C. R., N-26
Gerstner, Louis W., Jr., 427
Gerwitz, J. L., N-8
Gettys, C., N-5
Ghoshal, Sumantra, 200, N-4, N-18, N-28, N-31
Giacalone, Robert, 168, N-9
Giard, Y., N-37
Gibbs, L., N-42
Gibbs, M., N-16
Gibbs, Philip A., N-22, N-28
Gibson, C., N-31, N-32, N-41
Gibson, D., N-29
Gibson, J., 81
Giffi, C., N-41
Gilbert, C., 35
Gilbert, Clark G., N-7, N-8
Gilbert, J. A., N-25
Gilbert, James L., N-30, N-42
Gilbreth, Frank, 35
Gilbreth, Lillian, 35
Gillette, F., N-1
Gilliland, Stephen W., N-21, N-30
Gilmont, Ernest R., N-18
Gilmore, James H., N-19
Gilson, L., N-30, N-32
Gino, F., N-26
Gioia, D., N-8
Girdhar, Rohit, 90
Gjemre, Ken, 243
Glader, Paul, N-6, N-8, N-13
Glass, Jennifer L., N-35
Finz, Stacy, N-14
Fischer, K., N-1
Fisher, R., N-28, N-29
Fisher, S., N-5
Fisman, Ray, N-2
Fitzgerald, Drew, N-37
Fitzgerald, M., N-36
FitzGibbon, Mike, 234
Flandez, R., N-14
Fleischauer, E., N-31
Fleischer, J., N-38
Fleishman, E., N-26
Fletcher, Patricia, N-20
Flood, T., N-35
Florian, E., N-2
Florin, J., N-16
Floyd, Steven W., N-7
Flynn, Barbara B., N-18
Flynn, F. J., N-18, N-33
Flynn, G., N-23
Foley, H., N-15
Foley, R. T., N-21
Folger, R., N-30
Folkman, Joseph, N-25
Follet, Mary Parker, 36
Fong, M., N-11
Foos, Garson, 239
Foos, Richard, 239
Forbes, D. P., N-33
Forbes, M., N-35
Ford, C. M., N-29
Ford, Henry, 35, 65, 82, 138, 597
Ford, J. D., N-41
Ford, L. W., N-41
Ford, Lynda, N-25
Ford, M., N-31
Ford, R. C., N-17
Forelle, C., N-22
Forrester, R., N-17, N-30
Fort, T., N-9
Foti, R., N-26
Fouts, P., N-10
Fowler, Geoffrey A., 213, N-14, N-39
Fowler, Tom, N-36
Fraedrich, J., N-8, N-9
France, Brian, 369–370
Francis, Suzanne C., N-16
Francoeur, C., N-24
Frangos, Alex, N-12
Frank, Kenneth A., N-38
Frankenthaler, Stan, 7–8
Frauenheim, E., N-21
Fredrickson, James W., N-7
Freeman, R. Edward, Jr., N-7
Freeman, Sarah J., N-19
Freifeld, Lorri, N-22
French, J. R. P., 411, N-26
Freshley, D. L., 511, N-35
Frey-Mott, Anne, 240
Fried, Ina, N-39
Fried, Limor, 231
Friedman, Milton, 169
Friedman, Thomas, 188
Frier, Sarah, N-13
Friesen, P., N-3
Fritz, Susan F., 400
Frost, P., N-6
Fry, Erika, N-31
Fuchs, Peter H., N-38
Fuhrmans, Vanessa, N-1
Fuld, Richard, 91
Fulk, J., N-35, N-36
Fuller, Joseph, N-3
Fuller, T., N-26, N-36
Fulmer, Robert M., N-22, N-28, N-36
Funkhouser, Mark, N-32
Furman, Matt, 555
Furness, Ashley, N-38
Furst, S., N-32
Fyxell, G., N-6Name Index IND-25
Humphrey, R., N-2
Humphrey, S. E., N-17, N-32, N-33
Hunt, J. G., N-26
Hunt, Sandy, 449
Hunter, J. E., N-21, N-23
Hunter, L., N-10
Huppke, Rex W., N-35
Huseman, R. C., 511, N-35
Hussey, Roger, 268
Hutton, A., N-36
Huy, Q. Nguyen, N-2, N-42
Hymowitz, Carol, N-4, N-23, N-29
I
Iacocca, Lee, 426
Ibarra, Herminia, N-1
Ibrahim, Mo, 216–217, N-14
Ibuka, Masaru, 231
Iger, Roger, 119
Ilgen, D. R., N-17, N-26, N-32
Ilies, R., N-26
Imai, Masaaki, N-39
Immelt, Jeffrey R., 163, 171, 295, 306, N-1, N-41
Ingols, C., N-16
Inkson, K., N-2
Ireland, R. D., N-7, N-14, N-18, N-26
Irving, Clive, N-6
Isdell, Neville, 170
Isenberg, D. J., N-14
Ishikawa, K., N-19
Isumi, H., N-32
Ivancevich, John M., N-25
Iverson, R. D., N-19, N-30
Iwata, Satoru, N-31
J
Jackman, J., N-29
Jackson, T., N-30
Jacobs, Bert, 63
Jacobson, Robert, N-19
Jacoby, Ryan, N-40
Jadotte, Marcus, 389
James, Erika Hayes, N-24
James, J., 117, 629, 630
James, L., N-26
Jameson, Daphne A., 221
Janis, I., N-5
Jankiewicz, Beckie, 240
Jannarone, J., 628
Janson, Robert, 455, N-30
Jargon, Julie, N-13, N-37
Jariloswki, Chaire Stephen, N-13
Jarvenpa, S., N-34
Jarzemsky, M., 628
Jassawalla, A., N-32
Jauch, Lawrence R., 30, 435, 520
Jehiel, Philippe, N-17
Jehn, Karen A., N-24, N-25, N-33
Jennings, P., N-35
Jensen, Michael C., N-3
Jernigan, I. E., N-34
Jesella, K., N-24
Jick, Todd D., N-20, N-36
Jimmieson, N., N-41
Jing, Bing, N-39
Jitpleecheep, P., N-13
Jobs, Steve, 3–4, 424, 581
Johnson, Abigail, 375
Johnson, Ben, N-1
Johnson, C. K., N-23, N-25
Johnson, D. E., N-27
Johnson, Dave, N-23
Johnson, Emma, N-28
Johnson, Gerry, N-41
Johnson, Jean L., N-8, N-18
Johnson, Keith, N-40
Johnson, Komichel, 241, 249
Hendricks, Ken, 239–240
Heneman, Herbert G., III, N-21
Henne, A., N-4
Henne, D., N-30
Henshaw, Caroline, N-5
Henshaw, Todd, N-37
Henwood, C., N-34
Hequet, Marc, N-22
Herbert, Theodore T., 558
Herbst, M., N-10
Herrmann, Pol, N-13
Herron, David, N-40
Herron, M., N-29
Hersey, P., N-26
Hersman, Deborah, 102
Herzberg, Frederick, 454, N-30
Hesketh, Beryl, N-21
Hesse, Dan, 353
Hesseldahl, Arik, N-3, N-19
Hessman, Travis, N-20
Heston, T., N-12
Hewlett, Bill, 231, 431
Hewlett, William, 405–406
Hewson, Marilyn, 375
Higginbotham, S., N-8
Higgins, E. T., N-33
Higgins, Tim, N-16, N-17
Hightower, Robert, N-25
Hill, G. W., N-6
Hill, L. A., N-2, N-36, N-42, N-43
Hille, K., N-13
Hiltrop, Jean-Marie, N-21
Hiltzik, M., N-39
Hindo, B., N-37
Hinds, P., N-33
Hinshaw, John, 304
Hipskind, M., N-31
Hira, N. A., N-24
Hisrich, R. D., 244, N-16
Hitt, M. A., N-7, N-14, N-18, N-19, N-26
Hodgetts, R. M., N-36
Hoekstra, J., N-41
Hoever, I., N-32
Hof, Robert D., N-41
Hoffman, K., N-7
Hoffman, Reid, N-31
Hoffman, Robert C., N-22
Hoffman, T., N-24, N-40
Hofmann, D., N-26
Hofstede, Geert, 213, 215, 349, N-29
Hogg, M., N-28
Hollenbeck, G. P., N-36
Hollenbeck, J. R., N-17, N-32, N-33
Holliday, C., N-10
Holloway, Charles A., N-40
Holthaus, D., N-24
Holusha, J., N-6
Holzer, J., N-14
Hong, Nicole, N-14, N-18, N-19
Hong, Sehee, N-21
Horng, E., N-35
Hornik, R., N-11
Hosmer, L. T., 165
House, Robert J., 421, N-26, N-27
Hout, Thomas M., N-20
Hovland, Kjetil Malkenes, N-36
Howard, J., N-1
Howell, J. M., N-27
Howell, Jon P., N-26, N-27
Hsieh, Tony, 229, 247
Hsu, Tiffany, N-27
Huang, J., N-6
Huang, L., N-9
Huber, G., N-1
Huber, V. L., N-22
Hudson, K., N-22
Hudson, Linda Parker, 410–411
Hudson, Peter J., Jr., N-21
Hull, Dana, N-40
Hummel, Edward, N-18
Hadley, C., N-6
Hagedoorn, John, N-39
Hagen, Abdalla F., N-4, N-5
Hagerty, James R., N-20
Hagey, Keach, N-40, N-41, N-42, N-43
Hai, Dorothy, 493, 626
Hale, J., N-8
Hall, D. T, N-36
Hall, E., N-9
Hall, F., N-9
Halliday, Josh, N-16
Hall-Merenda, K. E., N-27
Hallowell, E. M., N-35
Hals, T., N-37
Halverson, K. C., N-27
Halvorson, George, 508
Hambrick, Donald C., N-7, N-31
Hamel, Gary, 619, N-18, N-38, N-42
Hamermesh, R., N-7
Hamilton, Lynn, 507
Hamilton, Martha M., N-3
Hammer, Michael, 547–548, N-19, N-38
Hampp, Andrew, N-5
Hananel, S., N-21
Handy, C., N-9
Haney, W. V., N-34
Hanges, P., N-30
Hann, Christopher, N-25
Hannah, S., N-8
Hansen, F., N-21
Hansen, Morten T., N-1
Hanson, Angela, N-3
Hanson, J. R., 297, N-18
Harback, H., N-19
Harbert, T., N-36
Hardin, Garrett, 180, N-11
Hare, Breeanna, N-16
Harmon, S., N-32
Harper, Stephen C., N-37
Harrington, B., N-35
Harris, E., N-26
Harris, R., N-42
Harris, W., N-15, N-16
Harrison, David A., N-9, N-23
Harrison, J. Kline, N-27
Harrison, J. S., N-7
Harrysson, Martin, N-6
Hart, S. L., N-1, N-10, N-11, N-12, N-13
Harter, J. K., N-30, N-31
Hartley, Darin E., N-20
Hartman, Nathan S., N-28
Hartung, Adam, N-1
Hartwick, J., N-42
Harzing, Anne-Wil, 200, N-13
Haspeslagh, P., N-7
Hassan, F., N-1
Hauenstein, N. M. A., N-26
Haughney, Christine, N-41, N-42, N-43
Hauser, Richard D., N-4
Hawken, P., N-10, N-11
Hayes, T., N-30
Hazel, Debbie, N-1
Healey, Melanie, 375
Heaphy, E., N-2
Hechinger, J., N-8
Hedlund, Marc, 392
Heer, John, 428
Heffernan, Margaret, N-17
Heftler, Jerry, 101
Heifetz, R., N-26
Heijltjes, M., N-2
Heineman, B. W., Jr., N-9
Heiskanen, V., N-7
Held, Michael, N-20
Helft, Miguel, N-39
Hellofs, Linda L., N-19
Hellriegel, D., N-41
Helm, Burt, 229
Helms, Marilyn M., N-20
Hempel, Jessi, N-1, N-2IND-26 Name Index
Kuczmarski, Thomas, N-40
Kuenzi, M., N-27
Kullman, Ellen, 375
Kung-McIntyre, K., N-6
Kurland, N. B., N-36
Kurtines, W. M., N-8
Kurtzberg, T. R., N-34, N-35
Kuvaas, Baard, N-37
Kwoh, Leslie, N-9, N-13, N-25
Kwon, S., N-2
L
La, Aaron Ricade, N-25, N-26, N-28
LaBarre, Polly, N-6, N-18
Labelle, R., N-24
Laczniak, G., N-8
Ladd, Julie, 241
Lafley, A. G., 125, N-7
LaGanke, J., N-34
Lagges, J., N-17
Lagorio, Christine, 229, N-15
Lahart, Justin, N-20
Lalicker, Greg, 514
Lam, S. S. K., N-34
Lamach, Michael, 396
Lamont, Bruce T., N-17
Lando, Mary Ann, N-38
Landro, Laura, N-1
Landsberg, H., N-11
Lane, Peter J., N-7
Lang, Derrik, J., N-7
Lang, Laura, 613, 623
Lange, J. E., N-15
Langfred, C., N-31
Lanzolla, G., N-8
Lapchick, Richard E., 369, N-23, N-25
LaReau, J., N-28
Larkey, L. K., N-34
Larson, Kyle, 369
Larson, L. L., N-26
Lasar, Matthew, N-5
Lash, R., 280
Lashinsky, Adam, N-1, N-2, N-27
Latham, Gary P., N-22, N-28, N-29
Lau, James B., 291, 323, 400
Laufer, W. S., N-11
Laundauer, S., N-28
Laurent, A., N-41
Laurie, D., N-26
Lawler, Edward E., III, N-17, N-19, N-25, N-26,
N-28, N-29, N-30, N-31, N-32, N-33,
N-36, N-37, N-38, N-41, N-42, N-43
Lawrence, P. R., 265–266, 286, N-16, N-18
Lazarova, Mila, N-13
Lazenby, J., N-29
Le Breton-Miller, I., N-42
Leahey, Colleen, N-29
Leana, C. F., N-42
LeBoeuf, Michael, 445
Lechner, C., N-6
Ledford, Gerald E., N-19
Lee, C., N-33
Lee, E., N-14
Lee, Hau L., N-3
Lee, Jeong-Yeon, N-23
Lee, Mary Dean, N-25
Lee, T., N-30
Lee, Thomas, N-36, N-37, N-38
Lee, Timothy, 279
Lee, Tony, 246
Lei, David, N-4, N-43
Leifer, Richard, N-4, N-38
Lencioni, P., N-33
Lengel, R., N-35
Lengnick-Hall, Mark L., N-25
Leonard, Dorothy, N-39, N-40
Leonard, H., N-41
Leonard-Barton, D., N-40
Leopold, Aldo, 180
Kern, M. C., N-14
Kernan, M., N-30
Kerr, S., N-20, N-26, N-28, N-29, N-36
Kessler, Eric H., N-38, N-40
Kethley, R. Bryan, N-21
Kettering, Charles, 600
Kettinger, W., N-35
Keyes, C. L. M., N-31
Keys, J. B., N-36
Kho, N. D., N-17
Kickul, Jill R., N-40
Kiechel, W., III, N-2
Kilmann, Ralph H., N-4
Kim, J., N-34
Kim, Peter H., N-35
Kim, Susanna, N-34
Kim, Tae-Yeol, N-23
Kim, W. C., N-30
King, A. Wilcox, N-7
King, Art, 335
King, G. E., N-42
King, Martin Luther, 424
King, Rachael, N-4, N-20
Kingsbury, Alex, N-24
Kinicki, A., 40
Kinlaw, Dennis C., N-10
Kinney, Monica Yant, N-25
Kirkland, J., N-42
Kirkland, Rik, N-18
Kirkman, B. L., N-31, N-32, N-33
Kirkpatrick, David, N-11
Kirkpatrick, S., N-25, N-26
Klassen, R. D., N-10, N-11
Klayman, Ben, N-16, N-17, N-18
Klein, Karen E., 260
Klein, Katherine J., N-23
Kleiner, A., N-1, N-10
Kleingeld, A., N-28, N-32
Klimoski, R., N-31
Knight, D., N-32
Ko, Albert, 241
Kobold, Michael, 303
Koehler, J. W., N-36
Koepfer, C., N-12
Koh, Yoree, N-6
Kohlberg, L., N-8
Kohls, John, N-14
Kolk, A., N-11
Kolodny, H., N-18
Kolodny, Lora, N-16
Koob, John, N-5
Kopecki, D., N-13
Kopeikina, Luda, 89, N-5
Kopytoff, Verne, N-10, N-35
Korda, M., N-35
Korn, Melissa, 341
Korten, D. C., N-9
Koster, Kathleen, N-21
Kotick, Robert, 268
Kotler, Philip, N-4
Kotter, John P., 611, 615, 616, 617, N-26, N-41,
N-42, N-43
Kouzes, James, 406, N-25, N-26, N-28, N-30,
N-35
Kowitt, Beth, N-1, N-19
Kowsmann, P., N-12
Krackhardt, D., 297, N-18
Kramer, M., N-15, N-43
Kramer, S., N-6
Krantz, Gene, 102
Krazit, T., N-39
Krebs, Robert, 288
Kreeger, D., N-1
Kreitner, R., 40, N-28
Krell, E., 280, N-22, N-34
Kristof-Brown, A., N-27
Krohe, J., Jr., N-6
Kroos, H., 35
Kucera, Danielle, N-3
Kuchera, Ben, N-8
Johnson, Lauren Keller, N-22
Johnson, Linda A., N-17
Johnson, M., N-32, N-33, N-38
Joly, Hubert, 527, 544, 555, N-38
Jones, D., N-35
Jones, K., N-30
Jones, Peter, 484
Jones, Robert A., III, 241, 249
Jones, T., N-9
Jong-Yong, Yun, 4
Josephson, Michael, N-8
Joshi, Aparna, N-24
Joshi, M., N-8, N-9
Joyce, W. F., N-17, N-40, N-41
Joyner, April, N-4, N-15
Judge, T. A., N-26, N-27, N-28, N-29, N-36,
N-41
Jundt, D., N-32, N-33
Jung, D. I., N-27
Juran, J. M., 8
Jurgens, J., N-10
Jusko, Jill, N-20, N-32, N-39
K
Kacmar, Michele K., N-21
Kadlec, Dan, 21
Kagermann, H., N-38
Kageyama, Yuri, N-16
Kahn, Linda G., N-23
Kahn, R. L., N-3, N-28
Kahneman, D., N-31
Kahwajy, J., N-6
Kaizen, Gemba, N-39
Kale, Prashant, N-18
Kalev, A., N-25
Kamdar, Rakesh, 230
Kammeyer-Mueller, J., N-8
Kanellos, Michael, N-7, N-39
Kang, S. C., N-18, N-19, N-40
Kanov, J., N-6
Kanter, L., N-14
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, 301, N-15, N-16, N-18,
N-41, N-42
Kaplan, David A., N-31
Kaplan, Gary S., N-37
Kaplan, Robert S., 128, N-5, N-6, N-7, N-36,
N-38
Karam, E., N-32
Karp, David, 248
Katauskas, T., 584
Kato, Y., N-37
Katz, Daniel, N-3, N-28
Katz, Ian, N-5
Katz, J., N-42
Katz, R., N-2
Katzanek, J., N-9
Katzenbach, J., N-32, N-33
Kavilanz, P. B., N-13
Kearney, E., N-24
Kearns, Ellen C., N-22
Keats, B., N-19
Keidel, R. W., N-20
Kelleher, Herb, 426
Keller, R. T., N-33
Keller, S., N-41
Kellerman, B., N-25, N-26, N-27
Kello, John, N-37
Kelloway, E. K., N-30
Kelly, Aidan, N-14
Kelly, Caitlin, N-4
Kelly, Erin, N-25
Kelly, Keith J., N-42
Kelly, R. E., N-26
Kemper, A., N-10
Kennedy, John F., 424
Kennedy, Joyce Lain, 21
Kenny, D., N-26
Kent, Muhtar, 5
Keough, Donald, 268Name Index IND-27
Matten, D., N-9
Matthews, Christopher M., N-9
Matthews, G., N-17
Mattioli, Dana, N-25, N-26
Matusak, L. R., N-25, N-26, N-27
Matuson, Roberta, N-31
Mauborgne, R., N-30
Maucker, Earl, 515
Maul, Kimberly, N-38
Maule, Amy, 274
Maurer, Steven D., N-21
Maxim, Jim, N-42
May, D., N-8
Mayer, D. M., N-27
Mayer, Marissa, 375, 497–498, 505, 517–518
Mayes, Michele Coleman, 374
Maylett, Tracy, N-3
Maynard, M. T., N-30, N-32
Mayo, Elton, 36–37, N-2
McCall, Morgan W., 212, N-5, N-6, N-14, N-28,
N-35
McCanse, Anne Adams, 416
McCarthy, Ryan, N-4
McCaskey, M. B., N-35
McCauley, C. D., N-28
McClelland, David, 452, N-29, N-30
McClendon, J. A., N-23
McCollum, J. K., N-17
McCormack, M., N-34
McCoy, Sherilyn, 375
McCracken, Mike, 536, N-37
McCullen, Peter, N-20, N-37
McDaniel, Jonathan, 533
McDaniel, M., N-21
McDermott, Christopher M., N-38
McDonald, Joe, N-12
McDonald, John, 78
McElhatton, Noelle, N-31
McEnroe, Paul, N-36
McFarland, Lynn A., N-21
McGee, Jeffrey E., N-4
McGill, Chris, 239
McGill, M., N-43
McGinn, D., N-15
McGinnis, Leon F., N-20
McGranahan, D., N-20
McGrath, R. R., Jr., 148, 220, 291
McGrath, Steve, N-4
McGregor, Douglas, 38, N-3
McIlvaine, Andrew R., N-17
McKay, B., N-9
McKee, A., N-2
McKibben, B., N-10
McKinney, Joseph A., N-14
McLaughlin, Kevin, N-25, N-26
McMahan, Gary C., N-21
McMillan-Capehart, A., N-21
McMullen, J., N-15
McNeal, Marguerite, N-29
McNerney, James, 90, 102
McPherson, S., N-31
McQueen, M. P., N-24
McShane, Steven L., 76
McWilliams, A., N-10
McWilliams, Gary, N-1
Megginson, L., N-14
Megginson, W., N-14
Mehler, M., N-21
Mehrabian, A., N-35
Meiland, D., N-1
Meinert, Dori, N-21, N-42
Meister, Jeanne, N-41
Mellnik, Ted, N-23
Mendenca, L., N-42
Menz, M., N-1
Merchant, K. A., N-36, N-37
Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., N-33, N-34
Messick, D., N-5, N-9
Metayer, Estelle, N-6
Meyer, C., N-32, N-33
Luccock, Halford E., 470
Ludwig, Robi, N-23
Ludwig, Timothy D., N-37
Lukas, Bryan A., N-13
Lumpkin, G. T., N-15, N-16
Lunde, Joyce, 400
Lussier, Robert N., 237, N-15, N-38
Luthans, F., N-27, N-28, N-29
Lutilsky, Ivana Drazic, N-37
M
Maak, Thomas, N-15
Mabus, Ray, 582
Macadam, S., N-35
MacDermid, Shelley M., N-25
Macdonell, Robby, N-35
Machalaba, D., N-11
MacKenzie, Angus, N-38, N-39
Mackey, John, 471, 476, 490, N-31, N-32, N-34
Mackintosh, T., N-35
MacMillan, I., N-15
MacPherson, Robert, N-39
Macy, B., N-32
Maddux, William W., N-35
Madigan, C., N-42
Madison, Adam, N-29
Magasin, M., N-5
Mah, Jessica, 229
Mahajan, Aprajit, N-2
Maher, Kris, N-1, N-22, N-23, N-25, N-26
Mahoney, Janet D., N-14, N-17
Mahoney, Joan D., 212
Maidique, Modesto A., N-38
Maier, N. R. F., N-6, N-7
Maignan, Isabelle, N-13
Mainicro, L., N-29
Mair, J., N-15
Maishe, A., N-32
Majchrzak, A., 474
Makhani, Sanya, N-28
Makridakis, Spyros, N-4
Maldegen, Robyn, N-21
Malhotra, A., 474
Malone, Michael S., N-12
Malone, Scott, N-7
Maltby, Emily, N-39
Mandel, M., N-12
Manjoo, Farhad, N-3, N-4, N-5, N-20, N-23
Mankins, M., N-5
Mann, Jennifer, 463, N-31
Mann, L., N-5
Manning, R. L., N-4
Mannix, E., N-33
Manyika, James, N-34
March, J. G., N-5, N-18, N-19, N-40
Marchese, Kelly, N-20
Markman, G. D., N-16
Markowitz, E., N-13
Marks, M., N-1, N-32
Marriott, J. Willard, 231
Marriott, William, 138
Marrone, J., N-28, N-33
Marsh, George Perkins, 180
Marshall, D. R., N-9
Marsick, Victoria J., N-18
Marti, I., N-15
Martin, Andrew, N-7
Martin, K., N-8
Martin, Robin, N-26
Martin, Roger, 125, N-7, N-10
Martin, Thomas J., 584
Martinez, A., N-22
Maslow, Abraham H., 37, 450–451, N-2, N-29
Mason, Andrew, 4
Massey, A., N-34
Matear, M., N-15
Mathieu, J., N-30, N-32
Mathieu, R. G., N-38
Matos, Pedro, N-22
Lepak, D., N-1
LePine, M. A., N-27
Leske, Nicola, N-28
Leslie, Mark, 407
Lesova, Polya, N-13
Lesser, E., N-36
Leung, A., N-12
Levi, Michael, N-38, N-39, N-40
Levin, D., N-36
Levine, J. M., N-33
Levin-Epstein, Michael D., N-22
Levinson, Marc, N-3
Levit, Alexandra, N-14
Levitt, T., N-6
Lev-Ram, Michal, N-18, N-19
Levy, P., N-12
Levy, Steven, N-40
Lewicki, R., 104
Lewin, D., N-23
Lewin, Kurt, 610, N-41
Lewin, T., N-21
Lewis, Katherine Reynolds, N-32
Lewis, M., Jr., N-37
Li, Julia Juan, N-13
Li, Ming, N-14
Lichtenthaler, Ulrich, N-40
Liden, R. C., N-30
Liechti, S., N-27
Liedtke, M., N-20, N-23
Lifei, Z., 258
Light, J., N-20, N-21, N-22, N-23
Liker, J. K., N-20
Likert, Rensis, 38, N-3, N-26
Lilius, J., N-6
Limpaphayom, Wanthanee, N-21
Lindorff, D., N-34, N-35
Lindsay, William M., N-19
Linebaugh, Kate, N-18, N-19
Ling, Y., N-16, N-27
Lingle, J., N-19
Link, Albert N., N-39
Liodice, B., N-9
Lippitt, R., N-26
Lippman, Jamie, 373
Litchfield, R. C., N-29
Litterick, D., N-12
Little, Mark M., 11–12, N-1
Liu, D., N-30
Liu, L. A., N-34
Liveris, Andrew, 175
Livingstone, P., N-42
Llovio, Louis, N-23, N-24, N-25
Llvne-Tarandach, R., N-2
Locher, M., N-35
Locke, E. A., N-2, N-15, N-25, N-26, N-28,
N-30, N-32, N-33
Lockwood, C., N-11
Lockwood, N. R., N-29
Logan, J., N-35
Logue, C. M., 511, N-35
Lohr, Steve, N-8, N-29
Lombardi, Candace, N-12
Lombardo, M., N-35
Longenecker, Clinton O., N-17, N-33
Longnecker, J. G., N-14
Lord, R. G., N-26
Lorinkova, N., N-30, N-32
Lorsch, J. W., 265–266, 286, N-16
Loten, Angus, N-7, N-14, N-39
Lott, A., N-33
Lott, B., N-33
Love, James H., N-38
Lovelle, Hilary, 21
Lovins, Amory, N-10, N-11
Lovins, L. Hunter, N-11
Low, M., N-15
Lubatkin, Michael, N-16, N-19, N-27
Lubber, M., N-12
Lubin, D., N-10, N-11
Lublin, Joann S., N-2, N-5, N-6, N-13, N-17,
N-26, N-29, N-35, N-43IND-28 Name Index
Oligney, Ronald E., N-39
O’Malley, Alison, N-38
Omidyar, Pierre, 236, N-15, N-43
O’Neill, Hugh M., N-38
Ones, D. S., N-21
Orden, Erica, N-8, N-19
Ordonez, L., N-29
Oreg, S., N-41
O’Reilly, C., N-18
O’Reilly, Tim, 6
Organ, D., 420, 450, N-30
Orlik, Tom, N-12, N-13
Orlitzky, M., N-10
Ortner, Michael, 83, 84, 86, 89
Ortutay, B., N-20, N-23
Osawa, Juro, N-13
O’Shea, J., N-42
Osit, Dan, 201
Osnos, E., N-10
Ostdick, J. H., N-15
Oster, S., N-13
Ostgaard, Daniel J., N-21
Ostrower, Jon, N-5
Otazo, K. L., N-36
O’Toole, James, N-10, N-11, N-33
Ouchi, William G., 529, N-36
Overmyer Day, Leslie E., N-25
Owen, R., N-15
Owocki, Kevin, 201
P
Paauwe, Jaap, N-13
Packard, David, 231, 405–406, 431
Paehlke, R., N-11
Paetzold, R. L., N-22
Page, Larry, 9
Page, Scott E., N-23
Pagnamenta, R., N-19
Paine, Lynn S., N-9, N-41
Palmisano, Sam, 153, 606
Panos, Alex, 252
Panzarino, Matthew, N-8
Paramasivam, Siva, N-20
Parboteeah, K., N-8
Park, Alice, N-33
Parker, S., N-34
Parsaei, Hamid R., N-20
Pascual, Mig, N-7
Pasztor, Andy, N-6, N-15
Patel, L., N-22
Patel, P., N-33, N-36
Patterson, Fiona, N-21
Paul, Alan, 213, N-14
Paul-Chowdhurry, Catherine, N-20
Paulson, G., N-34
Pawar, K. S., N-16
Payne, S. C., N-21
Pearce, Al, N-23, N-24
Pearce, Craig L., N-17, N-28
Pearsall, M. J., N-30, N-32, N-33
Pearse, Robert F., N-16
Pearson, C. M., N-6
Pearson, J., N-6
Peborde, Monica S., N-28
Peers, Martin, N-41, N-42, N-43
Pegels, C. Carl, N-17
Peiperl, M., N-43
Pelled, Lisa Hope, N-17, N-33, N-36
Peloza, J., N-10
Penley, L., N-34
Pepitone, Julianne, N-41, N-42
Perez, Nereida, 396
Perez, Pedro David, N-13
Perez, Sarah, N-40
Perkins, T., N-17
Perlmutter, Howard, N-18
Perlow, L., N-5
Perry, James, 456
Mula, J., N-38
Mulally, Alan, 79, 90, 429
Mullainathan, Sendhill, N-23
Mullaney, Timothy J., N-41
Mullen, B., N-33
Mullins, L., N-31
Mullins, R., N-20
Multon, Robert, 90
Murnighan, K., N-9
Murphy, Kevin J., N-22
Murray, A., N-7
Murrell, A. J., N-24
Musk, Elon, 561–562, 577, 587
Myers, R., N-21, N-38
N
Nadeau, Y., N-37
Nadkarni, Sucheta, N-13
Nadler, D. A., N-31, N-32, N-42
Nagarajan, N., N-27
Nahavandi, A., N-32
Najdawi, Mohammad K., N-17
Nambisan, Satish, N-40
Nanus, Burt, N-25, N-26, N-27
Naquin, C. E., N-34, N-35
Nash, J., N-1
Nash, R., N-11
Nash, Sarah, N-39
Needleman, Sarah E., N-15, N-16
Neeleman, David, 426
Nefer, B., N-17
Nelson, Katherine A., N-14
Neubert, M., N-33
Nevin, Joe, 407
Newcombe, Robert, N-38
Newman, Dan, N-37
Newman, J. M., N-22
Newstrom, J. W., 322
Ngak, Chenda, N-5
Nicas, Jack, N-8
Nichols, Ralph G., 511
Nidumolu, R., N-10, N-11, N-12
Nielsen, Kara, 243
Nielson, S., N-13
Nigam, Roli, N-13
Nisbett, R., N-5
Nixon, R., N-19
Noguchi, Yuki, N-34, N-35
Nohria, N., N-17, N-35, N-41, N-42
Noonan, Mary C., N-35
Nooyi, Indra, 5, 52, 54, 66, 374
Nordell, J. D., N-24
North, M., 280
Norton, David P., 128, N-7, N-38
Novak, David, 427–428
Novakovic, Phebe, 375
Novotny, Patrice, N-20
Nugent, P. S., N-34
Nunes, S., 489, N-34
Nur, Y. A., N-26
Nystedt, D., 258
O
Obama, Barack, 424
O’Brien, J. M., 403
O’Connor, Gina Colarelli, N-38
O’Dowd, Karen, 627
Oesch, Amy, 393
Ogawa, Susumu, N-5
Ogilvy, J., N-11
Ohmae, Kenichi, 306–307
Okhuysen, G., N-6
Okie, Francis G., 583, 584
Okumura, Tetsushi, N-35
Oldham, G., 454–455, N-29, N-30
O’Leary, Michael, 10
Meyers, D. W., N-22
Meyers, G., N-6
Meyrowitz, Carol, 375
Meznar, Martin B., N-4
Michael, D. C., N-40
Michael, David, N-10
Michaels, Daniel, N-5, N-6
Micou, Tripp, 242
Miel, R., N-20
Mifflin, Kenneth E., N-38
Miles, R. H., N-4, N-42
Miles, Raymond E., 282, N-18
Milkovich, G. T., N-22
Miller, Claire Cain, N-23
Miller, Danny, N-3, N-38, N-42
Miller, Stephen, N-22
Miller, T., N-15
Milliken, F. J., N-33
Millington, Kent, 211
Millington, Linda, 211
Mills, P. K., N-4
Milner, C., N-27
Milstein, M. B., N-10, N-11
Minter, Steve, N-31, N-36, N-40
Mintz, H. K., N-35
Mintzberg, H., 19, N-2
Misangyi, V. F., N-27
Mishel, Lawrence, N-22
Mishra, Aneil K., N-19
Misumi, J., 414, N-26
Mitchell, R., 584
Mitchell, T., N-28
Mitroff, I. I., N-6
Mittal, Vikas, N-30
Mlot, Stephanie, N-34, N-36
Mobley, William H., N-14
Moe, John, N-5
Moeller, Sara B., N-37
Moffett, S., N-3
Mohammed, S., N-34
Mohapatra, Aditi, 373
Mohrman, Susan Albers, N-18, N-19
Mol, Michael J., N-38
Molina, Alfonso, N-40
Molinski, Michael, N-13
Montgomery, Cynthia A., N-3, N-7
Montoya-Weiss, M., N-34
Moon, Chang H., N-13
Moon, J., N-9
Moore, C. W., N-14
Moore, S., N-6
Moores, Ken, N-38
Moran, Frank, 460
Moran, P., N-31
Morello, Carol, N-23
Morgan, E., N-16
Morgan, J. M., N-20
Morgan, J. P., N-24
Morgan, N., N-35
Morgeson, F. P., N-21, N-32
Morrill, David, N-5
Morris, Betsy, N-1
Morris, Shad S., N-13, N-18
Morris, T., N-18
Morrison, A., N-35
Morrison, C., N-1
Morrison, Denise, 375
Morrison, E. W., N-2
Mortensen, R., N-14
Moskakowski, E., N-35
Moss, S., N-29
Moss, T., N-15
Mott, Randy, 279
Mouawad, J., N-3
Mount, Madison, 583
Mouton, Jane S., 416, N-26
Moxley, R., N-28
Mozur, Paul, N-12, N-13
Muczyk, J., N-26
Muir, John, 180Name Index IND-29
Rivkin, J. W., N-17
Robbins, J., N-31
Roberson, B., N-17, N-41
Roberto, M. A., N-6
Roberts, B., N-37
Roberts, L. M., N-2
Robertson, Jordan, N-6
Robey, Richard D., 529
Robinson, Marie, 80
Robinson, S. L., N-8, N-31
Rocco, Matthew, N-36, N-37
Rock, Arthur, 246
Rodriguez, Diego, N-40
Rodriguez, R., N-12, N-25
Roethlisberger, Fritz, 36, N-2
Rogers, E. M., N-39
Rogers, J., N-10
Rogers, P., N-5
Roh, Hyuntak, N-24
Rohman, Jessica, N-31, N-32, N-34
Rokos, B., N-9
Rometty, Ginni, 153, 374
Rooney, Ben, N-40
Rosa, Fabio, 235
Rosedale, Philip, 282–283
Rosen, B., 474, N-25, N-31, N-32, N-33
Rosenberger, P. J., III, N-11, N-12
Rosenbush, Steven, N-21
Rosenfeld, Irene B., 374, 375
Rosenthal, Stephen R., N-40
Rosnow, R. L., N-36
Ross, Gerald H. B., 555
Ross, L., N-5
Roth, Aaron, N-41
Roth, E. A., N-38, N-39
Roth, K., N-10
Rothwell, Jonathan, N-20
Rotondo, D. M., N-22
Roundy, Philip T., N-39
Rousseau, D., N-31, N-42
Rowland, F. S., N-12
Roy, U., N-20
Royte, Elizabeth, N-39
Roznowski, Mary, N-21
Rubin, C., N-21
Ruch, W. V., N-36
Ruddy, T., N-32
Ruiz, Neil G., N-20
Rupp, D., N-30
Rusjan, B., N-37
Russo, M., N-10
Ruthsdotter, Mary, N-23
Ryan, Ann Marie, N-21
Ryan, Katherine, N-24
Rynes, Sara L., N-10, N-25
S
Sabadish, Natalie, N-22
Sabeti, H., N-15, N-43
Sachdev, Ameet, N-39
Sachs, Adam, 201
Sackett, P. R., N-21
Sadowski, Michael, N-39
Safferstone, Todd, N-26
Sahin, Funda, N-20
Sahlman, W. A., N-16
Sakano, Tomoaki, N-18
Sales, C. A., 529
Salopek, Jennifer J., N-7
Salvador, R., N-27
Sambamurthy, V., N-17
Sampson, R. C., N-18
Sanborn, G., N-30
Sanchez, J., 211, N-29
Sandberg, J., N-13
Sandberg, Sheryl, 9, 72, 374, 375
Sanders, Lorraine, 21, N-20
Sanders, Peter, N-12
Pulakos, Elaine D., N-26, N-36
Pullin, John, N-38
Puranam, P., N-16, N-27, N-41
Purdum, T., N-39
Purdy, Kenneth, 455, N-30
Pyrillis, R., 403
Q
Qian, C., N-9
Quinn, D., N-9
Quinn, J., N-25, N-26
Quinn, Robert E., 70, N-2, N-4, N-27, N-42
Quittner, Jeremy, N-15
R
Rae, J., N-37
Raelin, J. A., N-43
Raes, A., N-2
Rafferty, A., N-41
Ragir, A., N-13
Raice, Shayndi, N-4, N-14
Raichur, Pratima, N-41
Ramirez, G. G., N-27
Ramsey, Mike, N-3, N-38, N-39
Rancour, Tom, 536, N-37
Randall, R., N-21
Randolph, W. A., N-30
Rangan, S., N-10
Rangaswami, M. R., N-10, N-11
Ranii, David, N-28
Rao, A. R., N-5
Rao, K. Srinivasa, N-20
Rappeport, Alan, N-3
Rasmus, Daniel, N-8
Rasst, D. E., III, N-28
Rastello, S., N-12
Raths, David, N-1
Raven, B., 411, N-26
Ravikant, Naval, 240
Rawls, John, 165
Raykovich, Ben, 239
Raykovich, Cindi, 239
Ready, D. A., N-42
Reagan, Ronald, 424
Rechheld, R., N-30
Reeb, D. M., N-24
Reed, John, N-28
Reed-Woodard, M. A., N-38
Reeves, M., N-32, N-41
Reingold, Jennifer, N-6, N-8
Reinsch, N. L., Jr., N-34
Ren, C., N-1
Repa, Barbara Kate, N-23
Repenning, N., N-6
Reses, Jackie, 497, 518
Ressler, Cali, 555
Restubog, S. L., N-41
Restuccia, P., N-12
Revelle, R., N-11
Reynolds, Joe, 162, N-9
Rhode, J., N-37, N-38
Rice, F., N-10, N-11
Rice, M., N-38
Rice, R., N-34
Rich, B., N-8
Richardson, H. A., N-19
Richman, Alan, N-3
Ridgeway, R., N-10, N-12
Ridolfi, E., N-31
Riggio, R., N-26
Rijsdijk, Serge A., N-38
Riley, Charles, N-13
Ringseis, E., N-34
Ripp, Joe, 623
Risher, H. W., N-22
Rittenburg, Terri, N-14
Perry, M. L., N-17
Perry-Smith, J., N-6
Peters, B. A., N-20
Peters, Lois S., N-38
Peters, M. P., 244, N-16
Peters, Thomas J., N-2, N-30
Peterson, Kristina, N-20
Peterson, M., 414, N-26
Peterson, Richard B., N-23
Peterson, Robin R., N-4
Petrecca, Laura, N-14, N-18
Petrick, J., N-25, N-26
Petrocelli, William, N-23
Petulla, J. M., N-11
Peyer, Urs, N-1
Pfeffer, J., N-1, N-5, N-17, N-29
Phelps, Corey C., N-40
Philip, S., N-3
Phipps, C., N-17
Piccolo, R., N-26, N-27, N-29
Pierce, Lisa McTigue, N-1
Pierre, Mathias, 134
Piet, Johan, 179
Pieterse, Anne Nederveen, N-24
Piller, Frank T., N-5
Pinchot, C., N-16
Pinchot, E., N-10, N-16
Pinchot, G., N-10
Pinder, C., N-29
Pine, B. Joseph, N-19
Pink, D. H., N-29, N-30
Pirsig, Robert M., 592, N-40
Pisano, Gary P., N-38
Pitaro, James, 129
Pittinsky, T., N-28
Plamondon, Kevin E., N-36
Pleasants, John, 129
Pless, Nicola, N-14
Ployhart, R. E., N-21
Podmolik, M. E., N-30
Podsakoff, P., N-26
Pofeldt, Elaine, N-20
Pogson, C. E., N-29
Polansky, M. P., N-11, N-12
Poll, Jack, 439
Polzer, J., N-34
Pond, Randy, 499
Poppo, Laura, N-13
Porath, C., N-42
Porras, Jerry I., 526, 602–604, N-14, N-16, N-36,
N-41
Port, O., N-1
Porter, David, N-7
Porter, Michael E., 51, 59, 308, 309, N-8, N-11,
N-13, N-15, N-19, N-39
Posner, Barry G., 406, N-25, N-26, N-28, N-30,
N-35
Post, J., N-9
Potts, M., N-27
Pounder, Richard W., N-38
Power, Stephen, N-5
Prahalad, C. K., 619, N-10, N-11, N-18, N-42
Prasad, Sameer, N-18
Prather, Charles W., N-40
Pratt, Mary K., N-33, N-35
Preidt, R., N-33
Premack, S., N-23
Prentice, C., N-3
Preston, L., N-9
Prestwood, Donna C. L., N-38
Prewitt, M., N-13
Prial, D., N-30
Price, R., N-15
Priem, R. L., N-7
Procter, William, 37
Proctor, R. A., N-7
Pronovost, Peter, N-38
Prusak, Lawrence, N-5
Pruyn, A. T. H., N-36
Pucik, V., N-41IND-30 Name Index
Slocum, John W., N-14, N-41, N-43
Slowinski, Gene, N-18
Smidts, A., N-36
Smit, B., N-10
Smith, Adam, 34, 158, 169–170
Smith, Brad, 133
Smith, D. K., N-32, N-33, N-42
Smith, Emily T., N-11
Smith, Ethan, N-8, N-12
Smith, Gerry, 206
Smith, Ken A., N-1, N-17, N-33
Smith, Mark, 234
Smith, N., N-11, N-37
Smith, Stuart M., N-37
Snell, Scott A., 338, 351–352, 377, 586, N-4,
N-13, N-18, N-19, N-20, N-23, N-31,
N-40
Snider, Mike, N-4
Snow, C. C., 282, N-4, N-18, N-31
Snyder, W. M., N-31
Solsman, Joan E., N-36, N-37
Somech, A., N-31
Sonfield, Matthew C., 237, N-15
Song, M., N-34
Song, Yong I., N-17
Sonnenfeld, J., N-27
Sparrowe, R. T., N-30
Spector, Bert, N-41
Spector, P. E., 211
Spekman, Robert E., N-4
Spell, Chester S., N-25
Spender, J. C., N-40
Speros, Bill, N-23, N-24, N-25
Spicer, A., N-8
Spinelli, S., 228, 230, 245, 260, N-14, N-15, N-18
Spitzer, Q., N-5, N-6
Spors, K., N-15
Spreitzer, Gretchen M., 212, N-2, N-14, N-19,
N-27
Srinivasan, D., N-27
Srivastava, A., N-33
Stack, Jack, 514
Stahl, G. K., N-13, N-14, N-34
Stajkovic, A. D., N-29
Stalk, George, N-15, N-20
Stalker, G. M., 296, N-18
Stamps, David, N-14
Standifer, R., N-34
Stanford, Duane D., N-1, N-17
Stanislao, B. C., N-41
Stanislao, J., N-41
Stansfield, Timothy C., N-17
Stark, Karl, N-17
Starvish, Maggie, N-32
Stata, Ray, 294
Stavins, R., N-10
Staw, B. M., N-29
Steel, R., N-26
Steensma, H., N-9
Steinberg, D., N-39
Steinfield, C., N-34, N-35
Stengel, Richard, 613
Stephenson, E., N-1
Stern, P., N-10, N-12
Stevens, J. M., N-9, N-11
Stevenson, W. B., N-16
Stewart, Bill, N-17
Stewart, Colin, N-2
Stiles, Philip, N-13
Stinchcombe, A. L., N-16
Stogdill, R. M., N-26
Stoll, John D., N-4
Stone, Brad, N-34
Stone, Dan, 218
Strauss, George, 277
Strickland, A. J., III, N-7
Strickland, O., N-27
Strober, M., N-29
Strom, Stephanie, N-3, N-4
Strong, B., N-40
Senge, P. M., N-10, N-18
Serpa, Roy, N-4
Settle, M., N-20
Setty, Prasad, 327
Shafer, Scott M., N-37
Shaffer, David, N-36
Shaffer, Margaret A., N-13
Shah, P. P., N-21
Shahani, Sudhin, 248
Shalley, C. E., N-6, N-29, N-32
Shamir, B., N-27
Shane, S., N-14
Shani, A. B. (Rami), 291, 323, 400
Shao, R., N-30
Shapiro, D., N-32
Shapiro, E. C., N-25, N-26
Sharfman, M., N-5, N-6
Sharifi, S., N-16
Sharma, P. N., N-32
Sharp, A., N-28, N-29
Shaw, G. B., 496
Shaw, J., N-33
Shaw, K. N., N-28
Shellenbarger, Sue, N-29
Shen, Y., N-2
Shepardson, David, N-21
Sheridan, Richard, 478
Sherman, Arthur W., 338, 351–352, N-23
Sherman, M., N-34
Sherr, Ian, N-13, N-14
Shields, Mike, N-5
Shih, H. A., N-33
Shin, Shung J., N-23, N-27
Shintaku, Junjiro, N-13
Shipper, F., N-22
Shippmann, Jeffery S., N-21
Shirouzu, N., N-13
Short, J., N-15
Shouraboura, Nadia, 25
Shrivastava, P., N-10, N-11, N-12
Shultz, S. F., N-17
Shumaker, David, 274
Shurn-Hannah, Phyllis, N-25
Shute, Valerie J., N-21
Sidel, Robin, N-41
Sidhu, I., N-7
Siebold, D., N-5
Siegel, D., N-10
Siggelkow, N., N-17
Silver, S., N-30
Silver, W., N-28
Silverman, Rachel Emma, N-5, N-6, N-22, N-34,
N-35, N-36, N-41
Silverman, Stanley B., N-29
Simmonds, Paul G., N-17
Simoes, C., N-13
Simon, B., N-28
Simon, Herbert A., 99, N-18
Simon, L., N-8
Simon, S., N-28
Simons, R., N-36
Simons, T., N-17, N-33
Sims, Henry P., Jr., N-17, N-30, N-32
Simsek, Zeki, N-16, N-27
Sinclair, Robert, N-23
Sinclair-Desgangné, B., N-24
Singh, Harbir, N-16, N-18, N-26
Singh, J., N-11, N-15
Singh, J. V., N-26
Sinha, K., N-31
Siporin, Clifford, N-40
Sirkin, H. L., N-40
Sirmon, D. G., N-7, N-14, N-18
Sisodia, Raj, N-31, N-32, N-34
Skarlicki, D., N-30
Skinner, Jim, 131
Slater, Dan, N-39
Slind, Michael, N-34, N-35
Sloan, Alfred P., Jr., 120, 262, 424
Sloane, A., N-23
Sandino, T., N-36
Sandler, N., N-12
Santamaria, J. A., N-32
Sapienza, H., N-16
Saporito, Bill, N-33, N-38
Sarrazin, Hugo, N-6
Sashittal, H., N-32
Sashkin, M., N-30
Satarianao, A., N-4
Sauer, P. J., N-15
Savitt, Kathy, 426
Sawhney, Mohanbir, N-38, N-40
Sawin, Linda L., N-21
Saxton, Mary J., N-4
Sayles, Leonard, 277, N-2, N-33
Scarborough, Melanie, N-29
Schachter, D., N-33
Schafer, Lee, N-36, N-37, N-38
Schaffer, B. S., N-30
Schairer, George, 79
Schaubroeck, J., N-34
Schawbel, Dan, N-7
Scheck, Justin, N-8
Schein, E. H., N-41
Schere, R., N-25, N-26
Schermerhorn, J., Jr., N-9
Schisgall, O., 37
Schlesinger, Leonard A., 611, N-41, N-42
Schlosser, J., N-2
Schmidt, Frank L., N-10, N-21, N-30, N-31
Schmidt, W. H., 417–418, N-26
Schmulen, M., N-34
Schneider, Beth Z., 29, 178, 465–466, 627, N-42
Schoeff, M., Jr., N-24
Schoemaker, Paul J. H., N-4
Schoenberger, Chana R., N-32
Schonberger, Richard J., N-20
Schot, J., N-1
Schreiber, M. E., N-9
Schroeder, D. M., 569
Schroeder, R., N-31
Schuler, D., N-10
Schuler, R. S., N-22
Schultz, Howard, 204
Schulze, Richard, 527
Schulze, W., N-16
Schumacher, Steve, 616, N-42
Schumaker-Krieg, Diane, 452
Schumann, P. A., N-38
Schuneman, Pam, 540, N-37
Schuster, J. R., N-22
Schwartz, Devan, N-10
Schwartz, Peter, N-11
Schwarz, J. L., N-24
Schwarz, N., N-31
Schweiger, D., N-36
Schweitzer, M., N-29
Schweitzer, T., N-30
Schwenk, C., N-6
Scott, A., N-42
Scott, K., N-33
Scott, S. R., Jr., N-14
Seal, G., N-41
Searcey, D., N-14
Seashore, S. E., N-33
Sedgwick, D., 524, N-20
Segaar, Peter, N-6
Segal, J., N-21
Segall, Laurie, N-5
Seggerman, T. K., N-16
Seibert, J., N-19
Seibert, S., N-30, N-32
Seidmann, Abraham, N-39
Seijts, G., N-29
Seligman, M. E. P., N-2
Seligson, H., N-13
Selko, Adrienne, N-23, N-25, N-38
Sellers, Patricia, N-24, N-34, N-36
Selvin, M., N-37
Semadeni, Matthew, N-39Name Index IND-31
Vogel, Bryan, N-13
Vogus, T., N-15
von Bertalanffy, L., N-3
Von Glinow, Mary Ann, 76
Von Hippel, Eric, N-39
von Oetinger, B., N-1
Vonortas, Nicholas S., N-39
Vroom, V. H., 418–419, N-26, N-29
W
Waalewijn, Philip, N-6
Wack, Kevin, N-41
Wacker, W., N-34
Waddock, Sandra, N-1, N-10, N-37
Wadhwa, Subhash, N-20
Wageman, R., N-33
Wagner, Cynthia G., 618, N-42
Wagner, J., III, N-26
Wahba, M., N-29
Wailgum, T., N-19
Wakabayashi, Daisuke, N-13
Wakayama, Toshiro, N-13
Waldman, D. A., N-27
Waldroop, J., N-36
Walker, Anthony, N-38
Walker, Joseph, N-1, N-21
Walker, Lisa, 451
Walker, Rob, N-16
Wall, J. A., Jr., N-34
Wall, James A., N-26
Walter, F., N-2
Walter, J., N-6
Walter, Laura, N-42
Walton, Mary Lu, 612
Walton, R. E., N-31
Wamsteeker, Pete, 451
Wandel, J., N-10
Wang, G., N-32
Wang, H., N-9
Wang, J., N-9
Wang, L., N-9, N-30
Wang, M., N-6
Wang, P., N-24
Ward, Karla, N-1
Ward, R. D., N-17
Warman, Matt, N-1
Warr, P. B., N-31
Waters, R., N-20
Watkins, Karen E., N-18
Watson, Richard, 617
Watson, Thomas, 326, 328, 424
Wayne, S. J., N-30
Weaver, G. R., N-9
Webb, A., N-8
Webb, T., N-3
Webber, R., N-1
Weber, E., N-10
Weber, J., N-9
Weber, Lauren, N-21, N-22
Weber, Max, 37, 296, N-2
Weekley, J. A., N-21
Weeks, Linton, N-34
Weier, M. Hayes, N-20
Weingart, L., N-6, N-33
Weintraub, A., N-39
Weisman, R., N-15
Weiss, H., N-27
Welbourne, Theresa M., N-22, N-41
Welch, Jack, 118, 295, 320, 517, 592
Wellins, R., N-33
Wellman, Ne., N-28
Welsh, T., 37
Wenger, E. C., N-31
Werdigier, Julia, N-7
Wernsing, T., N-28
Wessel, D., N-12
Wesson, M. J., N-22
West, A., N-16
Tomczak, Jimmy, 241
Totty, Michael, N-21, N-35
Towill, Denis R., N-20
Townsend, Robert, 410, N-25, N-26
Trahant, Bill, N-30
Trahms, C., N-14
Trevino, Linda K., N-8, N-9, N-14, N-26, N-29,
N-35
Trevor, Jonathan, N-13
Tribble, S. J., N-24
Trigaux, Robert, N-8
Trist, E., N-40
Troy, L., N-23
Trump, Donald, 446
Truxillo, D., N-31
Tsuruoka, D., N-40
Tucker, Heather, N-25
Tuckman, B. W., N-32
Tugend, Alina, N-8
Tulgan, Bruce, 383
Tullberg, Jan, N-37
Tuna, Cari, N-15, N-20
Turban, D., N-10
Turner, J. W., N-34
Turner, N., N-27
Turpin, Pat, 225, 252
Tushman, M., N-18
Tynan, D., N-33
U
Uhl-bien, M., N-26
Ulrich, D., N-20, N-36
Unruh, G., N-10, N-11
Unruh, J., N-35
Upadhyay, A., N-24
Upton, D., N-35
Useem, M., N-26
Usher, John M., N-20
V
Valdes-Dapena, Peter, N-38, N-39
van Agtmael, A., N-12, N-13
Van Alphen, T., 524
Van Buren, Mark E., N-26
Van de Ven, A., N-40
van den Ende, Jan, N-38
van Dierendonck, Dirk, N-24, N-28
Van Fleet, D., N-17
van Ginkel, W., N-32
van Knippenberg, Daan, N-24, N-28, N-30, N-32
Van Looy, Sara, N-24
van Mierlo, H., N-28, N-32
van Riel, C. B. M., N-36
Van Velsor, E., N-28
Van Wassenhove, L. N., N-11
Vance, Ashlee, N-19, N-25, N-26, N-28, N-38
Vandebroek, Sophie, 581
Vandenberg, Robert J., N-19, N-30
VanderMey, Anne, N-31
Vara, V., N-19
Varadarajan, R., N-8
Varchaver, N., N-10
Vascellaro, Jessica E., N-15
Vasilash, G. S., N-20
Veiga, John F., N-16, N-27, N-38
Velthouse, B., N-30
Venkataraman, S., N-14, N-15
Vera, D., N-27
Vermeulen, F., N-41
Veryzer, Robert W., N-38
Vesper, K. H., N-14, N-15
Vickery, Shawnee, N-17
Viguerie, P., N-1, N-42
Viswesvaran, C., N-21
Vitasek, Kate, N-3
Voelpel, Sven C., N-24
Stynes, Tess, N-17, N-39
Su, Andy, 229
Suarez, F. F., N-8
Suarez, Luis, 503
Suddath, Claire, N-35
Sugarman, B., N-42
Sull, Donald, N-18
Sullivan, Eileen, N-6
Sullivan, W., 34
Sunnucks, Mike, N-34
Susanto, E., N-33
Suttle, J. L., N-31
Sutton, R. I., N-1, N-5, N-6, N-26, N-29
Sverdlik, N., N-41
Swaak, Reyer A., N-13
Swartz, Spencer, N-6
Sweeney, Anne, 375
Sweeney, P., N-9
Swiggett, Robert L., 407
Swinmurn, Nick, 229, 247
Swisher, Kara, N-34, N-35, N-36
Symon, Gillian, N-21
T
Taft, Darryl K., N-18
Takahashi, Dean, N-25, N-26, N-28
Takahashi, Yoshio, N-6
Takla, Michael G., N-18
Talley, K., N-8
Tam, Pui-Wing, N-23
Tannen, D., N-34
Tannenbaum, A., 417–418, N-26
Task, Aaron, N-16
Tata, J., N-18
Tatikonda, Mohan V., N-40
Tatum, Doug, 241
Taylor, Alex, III, N-5
Taylor, Andrew, N-40
Taylor, Frederick, 34–35, 38, 514, N-2
Taylor, Jim, N-34
Taylor, L., N-16
Taylor, M. S., N-1
Teerlink, R., N-41
Tercek, Mark, 174, N-10
Teresko, John, N-1
Terlep, Sharon, N-7, N-17, N-18, N-38
Terpstra, David E., N-21
Tesluk, P., N-28, N-30, N-31, N-32, N-33
Tetrick, Lois, N-23, N-31
Thatcher, S., N-33
Thier, Dave, N-5, N-8
Thomas, B., N-25
Thomas, G., N-26
Thomas, K. W., 487, N-30, N-33
Thomas, L. A., N-39
Thomas, R. Roosevelt, Jr., N-24
Thomas, T., N-9
Thompson, Arthur A., N-7
Thompson, Brad Lee, N-16
Thompson, James D., N-3, N-15, N-18
Thompson, Jody, 555, N-38
Thompson, L., N-6
Thompson, Paul R., N-17
Thoreau, Henry David, 152
Thoresen, C. J., N-41
Thorn, Ron, N-18
Thorndike, Edward, 443, N-29
Thurm, Scott, N-22
Tierney, P., N-6
Tierney, Tom, 431
Tijoriwala, S. A., N-42
Tillema, Harry, N-17
Timmons, Jeffry A., 177, 230, 245, 255, 260, N-14,
N-15, N-18
Tinsley, C. H., N-33, N-34
Tishman, Francine, N-24
Tjosvold, D., N-33
Toegel, Ginka, N-22IND-32 Name Index
Z
Zablow, R. J., N-9
Zaccaro, S., N-26, N-32
Zahra, S. A., N-15, N-16, N-39
Zald, M., N-9
Zappone, C., N-12
Zardkoohi, A., N-22
Zaslow, J., N-29
Zatzick, C. D., N-19
Zeidner, R., N-21
Zeithaml, C., 62–63, N-4, N-5
Zeithaml, V., 62–63, N-4
Zeitz, G., N-16
Zell, D., N-41
Zemke, R., N-27
Zenger, Jack, N-25
Zetlin, M., N-11
Zhang, S., N-30
Zhang, X., N-30
Zhang, Yajun, N-12
Zhao, W., N-24
Zhou, J., N-27
Zhou, Kevin Zheng, N-13
Zhu, J., N-33
Zieminski, Nick, N-10
Zigarmi, P., N-41
Zilmer, Richard, 582
Zimmerman, Ann, 628, N-5, N-36, N-37
Zimmerman, M., N-16
Zingheim, P. K., N-22
Ziobro, P., N-17
Zmud, R. W., N-35
Zoellik, Robert, 175
Zollo, M., N-16
Zorabedian, J., N-37
Zuboff, Shoshana, N-42
Zuckerberg, Mark, 43, 72
Womack, Brian, N-34
Wong, Vanessa, N-36
Wood, R. E., N-29
Woodward, Joan, 313, N-19
Wooldridge, A., N-1
Wooten, Lynn Perry, N-24
Worley, C., N-41
Worline, M., N-6
Wright, M., N-15
Wright, Patrick M., N-13, N-18, N-20, N-21
Wright, R. E., N-3
Wright, Sharon Anderson, 243
Wright, T. A., N-31
Wunderlich, Maren, N-30
Wynn, Gregory, 241, 249
X
Xavier, Stephen, N-2
Y
Yammarino, F. J., N-26, N-27
Yan, F., N-12
Yang, Baik, N-17
Yanouzas, J., N-38
Yasai-Ardekani, Masoud, N-4
Yeatts, D., N-31
Yen, C., N-31
Yerak, Becky, N-16
Yglesias, Matthew, N-39
Yi, Sang-Seung, N-39
Yorges, S., N-27
Youngblood, S. A., N-22
Yuanqing, Yang, 187, 206, 218
Yukl, G., N-26
Yunus, Muhammad, 235
Westman, Mina, N-13
Wexley, Kenneth, N-22
Wheeler, J., N-33
Wheelwright, Steven C., N-38, N-40
Whetten, David A., 29, 108
Whetzel, Deborah L., N-21
White, B. Joseph, 445
White, Erin, N-5, N-37
White, Joseph B., N-12, N-39, N-40
White, Martha C., N-3, N-37
White, R., N-26
Whitford, D., N-12
Whitman, Meg, 4, 375, 405, 423, 431
Whitney, John O., N-38
Whybark, D. Clay, N-10, N-11
Wicks, A. C., N-7
Wieczner, Jen, N-3
Williams, Christopher, N-3
Williams, Colin, 621, N-43
Williams, T., N-40
Willis, B., N-5
Wilson, A., N-28
Wilson, H. James, N-29
Wilson, M. G., N-30
Winblad, Ann, 184
Wincent, J., N-15
Wingfield, Nick, N-5
Winterberg, Bill, N-29
Wise, J. M., N-36
Wiseman, Robert M., N-22
Witney, F., N-23
Witzel, M., N-9
Wnuck, D., N-31, N-33
Woehr, David J., N-21
Woertz, Pat, 375
Wojcicki, Susan, 375
Wolcott, R. C., N-38
Wolf, W., N-20

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