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Loading...Make: SPACE-READY SYSTEMS
DIY Comms and Control for Amateur Space
Talking and Listening to Your Satellite
Sandy Antunes
Contents
Preface . vii
1/Overview 1
Talking to Machines 1
Parts of a Comm System 3
Comm for the Impatient . 5
Two Walkie-Talkies 5
Flatsat 6
Bidirectional Bench Test Hardware . 6
Power, Range, and Licensing . 7
Higher Power Licensing 9
Establishing a Ground Network . 10
Breaking International Law . 12
Housekeeping Data 13
Housekeeping: Bus and Instrument Are Separate 13
Alerts and Pages 14
Limits Displays: Green, Yellow, Red . 14
Data Integrity . 15
Requirements Checklist 15
Performance Requirements 16
Security & Anti-Jamming 16
Spacecraft Orbits 17
Frequency Allocation . 17
Physical Constraints 17
Architecture Choices . 18
Comparing a Space-Based Network to a Ground-Based Network 18
NASA’s Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) 18
NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN) . 19
Near Earth Network 19
2/Radio . 21
Transceiver Concepts 21
Wavelength and Frequency 22
Dual Band and Modulation . 23
iiiDoppler . 24
Interference . 27
ADC 28
Packets 30
APRS 34
Software-Defined Radio 35
3/Full Ground Station . 39
Downlink Only 39
Operations Choices . 40
Start with the Mission Payload 41
Comm Quantities 43
Ground Network . 45
Ranging and Orbit Determination . 45
Ground System Design Products . 46
Mission Phases . 47
4/Licensing . 51
Overview 51
Extended Case: Private Comm Sat 52
Future Ideas 53
Regulatory Solutions 55
IARU . 55
Smartphones 56
High-Altitude Ballooning and Guerrilla Radio 57
Demystifying the Basic Technology 57
Regulatory and Permissions . 58
Ham Technician’s License . 59
Scenarios 63
Safehold 63
Ground Sim . 64
Software . 64
Compare and contrast 64
Relays 65
Line of Sight/Direct to Ground . 66
Relays 67
Private Networks . 69
5/Orbits . 71
Defining Orbits . 71
The Six Classic Orbital Elements 72
TLEs . 74
iv ContentsOrbit Determination 75
Time 77
Satellite Time . 78
Ground Tracks . 80
Contact Passes 82
6/Comm Budgets . 85
Allocations . 85
Data Priorities . 86
Extended Example of Command via Text Messaging . 87
More Realistic Bandwidth Allocation . 89
Encoding . 91
Link Budget 93
Units . 93
Link Budget Equation . 95
Going Deeper 97
Data Budget 101
7/Antenna Design . 103
Antenna Shape 103
Common Spacecraft Antenna . 105
Common Ground Station Antenna . 106
Antenna Size and Frequency 109
Impedance and SWR 109
Antenna Materials . 111
Power, ERP, and EIRP 113
8/Performance Characteristics 115
Data, Error Rates, and Availability 115
Security 117
Historical Satellite Hacking . 120
9/Concept of Operations 121
ConOps 121
High-Level ConOps Design . 124
Ops Center Network . 127
Trending 129
Science Operations Center (SOC) . 130
Science Monitoring 133
Handling Anomalies 133
A/Resources 139
Contents vAfterword 141
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