اسم المؤلف
Ray Wilson
التاريخ
10 مايو 2024
المشاهدات
280
التقييم
(لا توجد تقييمات)
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Make – Analog Synthesizers – A modern approach to old-school sound synthesis
Ray Wilson
Published by Maker Media, Inc
Dive hands-on into the tools, techniques, and information for making your own analog synthesizer. If you’re a musician or a hobbyist with experience in building electronic projects from kits or schematics, this do-it-yourself guide will walk you through the parts and schematics you need, and how to tailor them for your needs. Author Ray Wilson shares his decades of experience in synth-DIY, including the popular Music From Outer Space (MFOS) website and analog synth community. At the end of the book, you’ll apply everything you’ve learned by building an analog synthesizer, using the MFOS Noise Toaster kit. You’ll also learn what it takes to create synth-DIY electronic music studio. Get started in the fun and engaging hobby of synth-DIY without delay. With this book, you’ll learn: The differences between analog and digital synthesizers Analog synthesizer building blocks, including VCOs, VCFs, VCAs, and LFOs How to tool up for synth-DIY, including electronic instruments and suggestions for home-made equipment Foundational circuits for amplification, biasing, and signal mixing How to work with the MFOS Noise Toaster kit Setting up a synth-DIY electronic music studio on a budget.
Dive hands-on into the tools, techniques, and information for making your own analog synthesizer. If you’re a musician or a hobbyist with experience in building electronic projects from kits or schematics, this do-it-yourself guide will walk you through the parts and schematics you need, and how to tailor them for your needs. Author Ray Wilson shares his decades of experience in synth-DIY, including the popular Music From Outer Space (MFOS) website and analog synth community.
At the end of the book, you’ll apply everything you’ve learned by building an analog synthesizer, using the MFOS Noise Toaster kit. You’ll also learn what it takes to create synth-DIY electronic music studio. Get started in the fun and engaging hobby of synth-DIY without delay.
With this book, you’ll learn:
The differences between analog and digital synthesizers
Analog synthesizer building blocks, including VCOs, VCFs, VCAs, and LFOs
How to tool up for synth-DIY, including electronic instruments and suggestions for home-made equipment
Foundational circuits for amplification, biasing, and signal mixing
How to work with the MFOS Noise Toaster kit
Setting up a synth-DIY electronic music studio on a budget
Table of contents
Dedication
Preface
How I Got Started
My Electronic Roots
Music From Outer Space
What You Should Know
What’s Next?
Conventions Used in This Book
Using Examples
Safari® Books Online
How to Contact Us
- What Is Synth-DIY?
A Bit of Analog Synthesizer Etymology
What Can I Build?
How Far Can I Go? - Tooling Up for Building Analog Synths
Instrumenting Your Workbench
The Oscilloscope
Frequency Response (or Bandwidth)
Input Channels
Sensitivity
What Else Should I Look for in a Scope?
The Digital Multimeter (DM)
Multimeter Advanced Features
Logic Probe
The Bench Power Supply
Some Nice-to-Haves
Second Multimeter
Capacitance Meter
Frequency Counter
Function Generator
Tips for Reliable Soldering
Temperature-Controlled Solder Station
Soldering Tips
Desoldering Is Important, Too
Obtaining Electronic Components
Surplus Parts
Capacitors
Capacitors to Keep On Hand
Resistors to Keep On Hand
Mechanical Components
Active Components
Solderless Breadboarding
Hand Tools
Troubleshooting Tips
How to Minimize Troubleshooting
Divide and Conquer - Analog Synthesizer Building Blocks
Three Configurations: Normalized, Modular, and Hybrid
Voltage Control
The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
The Voltage-Controlled Filter (VCF)
The Voltage-Controlled Amplifier (VCA)
The Low-Frequency Oscillator (LFO)
The Keyboard Controller
The Envelope Generator (EG)
AR Envelope Generator
ADSR Envelope Generator
The White Noise Generator
The Sample and Hold (S&H)
Audio and DC Signal Mixers
The Ring Modulator
The Voltage Sequencer
Putting It All Together - Make the Noise Toaster Analog Sound Synthesizer
Noise Toaster Block Diagram
Building the Noise Toaster
Gathering the Parts
The Bill of Materials (BOM)
The Noise Toaster Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
Populating the Noise Toaster PCB
Making the Noise Toaster Front Panel
Making the Noise Toaster Front Panel Legend Overlay
Installing the Noise Toaster Front Panel Components
Wiring the Noise Toaster Front Panel Components
Preparing the Noise Toaster Case
Wiring the PCB to the Front Panel
Testing the Noise Toaster
Testing the White Noise Generator
Testing the VCO
Testing the VCF
Testing the VCA
Testing the AREG
Testing the LFO
Testing the Output Jack
My Noise Toaster Is Being Sullen and Listless - The Incredible Op Amp
Op Amps as Amplifiers
Negative Feedback Demystified
Op Amps as Comparators
Positive Feedback (Hysteresis) - How the Noise Toaster Works
The Noise Toaster Schematics
The Power Supply
The Attack Release Envelope Generator (AREG)
The Low-Frequency Oscillator (LFO)
The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
The White Noise Generator
The Voltage-Controlled Low-Pass Filter (VCF)
The Voltage-Controlled Amplifier (VCA)
The Audio Amplifier - Your Electronic Music Studio
Connecting a Project to Your Computer’s Sound Card
Introducing Audacity
The Audacity Interface
Sound Card Interface Discovery
Saving Projects
Exporting Audio Formats
Transport Controls
Audacity Tools
Audacity Edit Toolbar
Sound-on-Sound Recording
Audacity Effects
Effect Tails
Recording Exercises
Musique Concrete
Multitrack Layering
Multitrack Volume Envelope Layering
Floobydust
A. A Field Guide to Op Amp Circuit Applications
Buffers
Inverting Buffer
Noninverting Buffer
High-Impedance Buffer Follower
Comparators
A Basic Comparator
The Window Comparator
Signal Mixing
Simple AC-Coupled Audio Mixer
Simple Multichannel DC Modulation Mixer
Simple but Useful Op Amp Oscillators
Single Op Amp Square-Wave Oscillator
Two Op Amp Square- and Triangle-Wave Oscillator
Digital-to-Analog Conversion Using Binarily Weighted Resistors or the R/2R Resistor Ladder
The Binarily Weighted Resistor DAC
The R/2R Resistor Ladder DAC
Light Up Your Synth with LEDs
The Simplest Way to Light an LED
Isolating the LED Control Source with a Transistor (I)
Isolating the LED Control Source with a Transistor (II)
Isolating the LED Control Source with a CD40106 Inverter (I)
Isolating the LED Control Source with a CD40106 Inverter (II)
Light an LED Using a Comparator (I)
Light an LED Using a Comparator (II)
B. The LM13700
LM13700 Manufacturers
LM13700 Chip Details
Three Examples of LM13700 Circuits
A Simple VCA Using the LM13700
A Simple State-Variable VCF
A Triangle-to-Sine Converter
C. Working with CMOS Logic Chips
Logic Chips in Synth-DIY
CD4013 Dual D Flip-Flop
CD4011 Quad Two-Input NAND Gate
CD4001 Quad Two-Input NOR Gate
CD4066 Quad Analog Switch
CD4024 Seven-Stage Ripple Carry Binary Counter
CD4042 Quad D Latch
CD4094 Eight-Stage Shift Register
CD40193 Binary Up/Down Counter
CD4514 4-Bit Latch/4-to-16 Line Decoder
CD4017 Decade Counter with 10 Decoded Outputs
CD4067 Single 16-Channel Multiplexer/Demuliplexer
CD40106 Hex Inverting Schmitt Trigger
CD40106 Square Wave Oscillator
CD40106 Pulse Wave Oscillator
CD40106 Multiple-Input NAND Gate
CD40106 Multiple-Input NOR Gate
CD40106 Positive Edge to Negative-Going Pulse
CD40106 Negative Edge to Positive-Going Pulse
CD40106 Narrow Pulse Stretcher
Index
About the Author
Colophon
Index
A NOTE ON THE DIGITAL INDEX
A link in an index entry is displayed as the section title in which that entry appears.
Because some sections have multiple index markers, it is not unusual for an entry
to have several links to the same section. Clicking on any link will take you directly
to the place in the text in which the marker appears.
Symbols
9V battery eliminators, The Power Supply
9V battery snap polarity, Testing the Noise Toaster
A
AC mixers, Audio and DC Signal Mixers
AC vs. DC coupling, Audio and DC Signal Mixers
AC-coupled audio mixers, Simple AC-Coupled Audio Mixer
ADSREG modules (see attack decay sustain release (ADSR)
envelope generator modules)
Alien Screamer synthesizer (Magnaval), What Can I Build?
All Electronics, Gathering the Partsaluminum chassis, Building the Noise Toaster
aluminum electrolytic capacitors, Capacitors
amplitude envelopes, The Envelope Generator (EG)
amplitude modulation, The Ring Modulator
analog multiplier chips, The Ring Modulator
analog oscilloscopes, The Oscilloscope–What Else Should I
Look for in a Scope?
analog switch (CD4066), A Basic Comparator
analog synthesizer-DIY, A Bit of Analog Synthesizer Etymology,
Logic Chips in Synth-DIY
analog synthesizers
categories of, Three Configurations: Normalized, Modular,
and Hybrid
configuration of, Putting It All Together
defined, A Bit of Analog Synthesizer Etymology
voltage control of, Voltage Control
vs. digital synthesizers, What Is Synth-DIY?analog, defined, A Bit of Analog Synthesizer Etymology
AR Mod Depth control, Noise Toaster Block Diagram
AREG module (see attack release (AR) envelope generator
modules)
arpeggio, The Voltage Sequencer
Art of Electronic Sound project, Recording Exercises
Attack control, Noise Toaster Block Diagram
attack decay sustain release (ADSR) envelope generator
modules, The Voltage-Controlled Amplifier (VCA), The Envelope
Generator (EG), ADSR Envelope Generator–ADSR Envelope
Generator
attack release (AR) envelope generator modules, The Envelope
Generator (EG), AR Envelope Generator , Testing the AREG,
The Attack Release Envelope Generator (AREG)
Attack Time control, AR Envelope Generator
Audacity
edit tools, Audacity Edit Toolbar
effect tails, Effect Tailseffects, Audacity Effects
exporting projects, Exporting Audio Formats
file formats, Exporting Audio Formats
interface, The Audacity Interface
introduction, Introducing Audacity
Mixer Board, Multitrack Layering
Mixer Board window, Exporting Audio Formats
Multi-Tool Mode, Audacity Tools
saving projects, Saving Projects
sound card discovery, Sound Card Interface Discovery
sound-on-sound recording, Sound-on-Sound Recording
tools/toolbar, Audacity Tools
transport controls, Transport Controls
audio amplifiers, The Audio Amplifieraudio interfaces, Connecting a Project to Your Computer’s
Sound Card
audio signal mixers, Audio and DC Signal Mixers, Connecting a
Project to Your Computer’s Sound Card, Signal Mixing
B
banana jacks, Three Configurations: Normalized, Modular, and
Hybrid
bandwidth, Frequency Response (or Bandwidth)
bench power supplies, The Bench Power Supply
bias/biasing, High-Impedance Buffer Follower
BIFET input op amps, Positive Feedback (Hysteresis)
bill of materials (BOM)
audio interfaces, Connecting a Project to Your Computer’s
Sound Card
Noise Toaster, The Bill of Materials (BOM)
binarily weighted resistor DAC, The Binarily Weighted Resistor
DAC
binary counter (CD4024), The Binarily Weighted Resistor DACbinary up/down counter (CD40193), CD40193 Binary Up/Down
Counter
bipolar electrolytic caps, Capacitors
bipolar power supplies, The Bench Power Supply
block diagrams
AC vs. DC coupling, Audio and DC Signal Mixers
ADSR envelope generator module, The Envelope Generator
(EG)
analog synthesizer, Putting It All Together
circles in, The Attack Release Envelope Generator (AREG)
control symbol, Voltage Control
keyboard voltage controller, The Keyboard Controller
Noise Toaster, Noise Toaster Block Diagram
Noise Toaster power supply, The Noise Toaster Schematics
ring modulator, The Ring Modulator
sample and hold module, The Sample and Hold (S&H)signal and DC modulation mixers, Audio and DC Signal
Mixers
sound card audio interface, Connecting a Project to Your
Computer’s Sound Card
VCA module, The Voltage-Controlled Amplifier (VCA)
VCF module, The Voltage-Controlled Filter (VCF)
VCO module, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
voltage sequencer module, The Voltage Sequencer
white noise generator module, The White Noise Generator
Buchla, Don, What Is Synth-DIY?
buffers, Buffers
bumpers (rubber feet), Preparing the Noise Toaster Case
Bypass switch, Noise Toaster Block Diagram
C
capacitance meters, Capacitance Meter
capacitors, Surplus Parts–Capacitors to Keep On Hand,
Troubleshooting Tips, Gathering the Parts, The Bill of Materials(BOM)
carbon film potentiometers, Mechanical Components
carbon film resistors, Resistors to Keep On Hand
cases, Hand Tools , Building the Noise Toaster, Preparing the
Noise Toaster Case
CD4001 quad two-input NOR gate, CD4001 Quad Two-Input NOR
Gate
CD40106 hex Schmitt inverter, Isolating the LED Control Source
with a CD40106 Inverter (I), CD40106 Hex Inverting Schmitt
Trigger
CD40106 multiple-input NAND gate, CD40106 Multiple-Input
NAND Gate
CD40106 multiple-input NOR gate, CD40106 Multiple-Input NOR
Gate
CD40106 narrow pulse stretcher, CD40106 Narrow Pulse
Stretcher
CD40106 negative edge to positive-going pulse, CD40106
Negative Edge to Positive-Going Pulse
CD40106 oscillator circuit, The Binarily Weighted Resistor DACCD40106 positive edge to negative-going pulse, CD40106
Positive Edge to Negative-Going Pulse
CD40106 pulse wave oscillator, CD40106 Pulse Wave Oscillator
CD40106 square wave oscillator, CD40106 Square Wave
Oscillator
CD4011 quad two-input NAND gate, CD4011 Quad Two-Input
NAND Gate
CD4013 dual D flip-flop, Logic Chips in Synth-DIY
CD4017 decade counter with 10 decoded outputs, CD4017
Decade Counter with 10 Decoded Outputs
CD40193 binary up/down counter, CD40193 Binary Up/Down
Counter
CD4024 binary counter, The Binarily Weighted Resistor DAC
CD4024 seven-stage ripple carry binary counter, CD4024 SevenStage Ripple Carry Binary Counter
CD4042 quad D latch, CD4042 Quad D Latch
CD4066 analog switch, A Basic Comparator
CD4066 quad analog switch, CD4066 Quad Analog SwitchCD4067 single 16-channel multiplexer/ demultiplexer, CD4067
Single 16-Channel Multiplexer/Demuliplexer
CD4094 eight-stage shift register, CD4094 Eight-Stage Shift
Register
CD4514 4-bit latch/4-to-16 line decoder, CD4514 4-Bit Latch/4-to-
16 Line Decoder
cent system, Voltage Control
center-tapped secondary transformers, Mechanical
Components
ceramic capacitors, Capacitors, Capacitors, The Bill of Materials
(BOM)
channels, The Voltage Sequencer
clock rate, The Voltage Sequencer
CMOS logic chips, How to Minimize Troubleshooting, Working
with CMOS Logic Chips–CD40106 Narrow Pulse Stretcher
coax cables, Three Configurations: Normalized, Modular, and
Hybrid
comparators, A Basic Comparator, Light an LED Using a
Comparator (I), Light an LED Using a Comparator (II)component leads, Soldering Tips, Populating the Noise Toaster
PCB
composition resistors, Resistors to Keep On Hand
computer sound card inputs, Connecting a Project to Your
Computer’s Sound Card
conductive plastic potentiometers, Mechanical Components
continuous waveform vs. digital waveform, A Bit of Analog
Synthesizer Etymology
continuously variable sound, A Bit of Analog Synthesizer
Etymology
contrasting sounds, Musique Concrete
control knobs, The Bill of Materials (BOM)
Control Voltage Offset control, The Voltage-Controlled Amplifier
(VCA)
control voltages for one octave, The Keyboard Controller
coupling, AC vs. DC, Audio and DC Signal Mixers
Cutoff Frequency control, Noise Toaster Block DiagramD
Darlington buffer amplifiers, The LM13700
DC measurement capability, Frequency Response (or
Bandwidth)
DC mixers, Audio and DC Signal Mixers
DC modulation mixers, Audio and DC Signal Mixers
decade counter with 10 decoded outputs (CD4017), CD4017
Decade Counter with 10 Decoded Outputs
Decay control, ADSR Envelope Generator
dedicated comparator ICs, Positive Feedback (Hysteresis)
desoldering, Soldering Tips
desoldering braid (wick), Desoldering Is Important, Too
diagonal cutters, Hand Tools
DigiKey, Gathering the Parts
digital audio workstations (DAWs), Your Electronic Music
Studiodigital multimeters, The Digital Multimeter (DM), Second
Multimeter
digital oscilloscopes, What Else Should I Look for in a Scope?
digital synthesizers vs. analog synthesizers, What Is SynthDIY?
digital waveform vs. continuous waveform, A Bit of Analog
Synthesizer Etymology
digital-to-analog converters (DAC), Digital-to-Analog
Conversion Using Binarily Weighted Resistors or the R/2R
Resistor Ladder–The R/2R Resistor Ladder DAC
dinks, Multitrack Layering
diodes, Active Components , Gathering the Parts
DIP (dual inline package), The Incredible Op Amp
double-sided PC boards, Soldering Tips
Draw Tool (Audacity), Audacity Tools
dual D flip-flop (CD4013), Logic Chips in Synth-DIY
dual output power supplies, The Bench Power SupplyE
effect tails (Audacity), Effect Tails
effects (Audacity), Audacity Effects , Musique Concrete
eight-stage shift register (CD4094), CD4094 Eight-Stage Shift
Register
eight-step sequencer, What Can I Build?
electronic components, Desoldering Is Important, Too
(see also tools)
active parts, Active Components
audio interface, Connecting a Project to Your Computer’s
Sound Card
capacitors, Surplus Parts–Capacitors to Keep On Hand
mechanical parts, Mechanical Components
obtaining, Desoldering Is Important, Too
problems with, My Noise Toaster Is Being Sullen and
Listless
resistors, Resistors to Keep On Handsolderless breadboards, Solderless Breadboarding
electronic experimenter kits, What Can I Build?
Envelope Generator (EG) modules, Voltage Control , The
Keyboard Controller–ADSR Envelope Generator
Envelope Tool (Audacity), Audacity Tools
exponential frequency response inputs, The Voltage-Controlled
Oscillator (VCO)
external connection pads, Wiring the PCB to the Front Panel
F
feedback resistors (RFBs), Negative Feedback Demystified, Op
Amps as Comparators
film capacitors, Capacitors, Capacitors
4-bit latch/4-to-16 line decoder (CD4514), CD4514 4-Bit Latch/4-
to-16 Line Decoder
frequency counters, Frequency Counter
frequency response, Frequency Response (or Bandwidth)
frequency sweep capability, Function Generatorfull-wave rectified dual-analog power supplies, The Bench
Power Supply
function generators, Function Generator
G
gain formulae, Negative Feedback Demystified, Negative
Feedback Demystified, Inverting Buffer, Simple AC-Coupled
Audio Mixer
gain, setting for buffers, Noninverting Buffer
gate truth tables, CD4011 Quad Two-Input NAND Gate
gates, Voltage Control , AR Envelope Generator , ADSR
Envelope Generator
glide controls, The Keyboard Controller
goggles, Troubleshooting Tips
H
hand tools, Hand Tools
hard sync, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
helping hands alligator clips device, Populating the Noise
Toaster PCBHertz (Hz), The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
hex Schmitt inverter (CD40106), Isolating the LED Control
Source with a CD40106 Inverter (I), CD40106 Hex Inverting
Schmitt Trigger
high impedance, Negative Feedback Demystified
high-impedance buffer follower, High-Impedance Buffer
Follower
high-level signals, How to Minimize Troubleshooting
hobby knives, Hand Tools
hybrid synthesizers, Three Configurations: Normalized,
Modular, and Hybrid
hysteresis (positive feedback), Positive Feedback (Hysteresis)–
Positive Feedback (Hysteresis)
hysteresis zone, Positive Feedback (Hysteresis), Positive
Feedback (Hysteresis)
I
input channels, Input Channels
input resistor (RIN), Negative Feedback Demystifiedinputs, Connecting a Project to Your Computer’s Sound Card
integral stereo panning mixers, Audio and DC Signal Mixers
integrated circuit (IC) removers, Hand Tools
integrated circuit (IC) sockets, Populating the Noise Toaster
PCB
integrated circuits (ICs), Active Components , The Bill of
Materials (BOM), Populating the Noise Toaster PCB
inverting buffer gain formula, Negative Feedback Demystified
inverting buffers, Negative Feedback Demystified, Inverting
Buffer
J
Jameco Electronics, Gathering the Parts
JFET transistors, Active Components
joining clips (Audacity), Musique Concrete
joystick controls, The Keyboard Controller
K
keyboard controllers, Voltage Control , The Keyboard Controllerkeyboard voltage modulation, The Voltage-Controlled Filter
(VCF)
knobs, Mechanical Components
L
leads, soldering, Soldering Tips, Populating the Noise Toaster
PCB
LED ring clips, Installing the Noise Toaster Front Panel
Components
LEDs, Installing the Noise Toaster Front Panel Components , A
Basic Comparator, Light Up Your Synth with LEDs–Light an
LED Using a Comparator (II)
legato, ADSR Envelope Generator
legend overlays, Making the Noise Toaster Front Panel Legend
Overlay
LFO Mod Depth control, Noise Toaster Block Diagram
LFO modules, Voltage Control , The Low-Frequency Oscillator
(LFO) , Testing the LFO, The Low-Frequency Oscillator (LFO)
line input, Connecting a Project to Your Computer’s Sound Cardlinear control voltage inputs, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
(VCO)
LM13700 Dual Transconductance Op Amp
chip details/pin descriptions, LM13700 Chip Details
manufacturers, The LM13700
schematic, The LM13700
triangle-to-sine wave converter, A Triangle-to-Sine Converter
used as state-variable VCF, A Simple State-Variable VCF
used as VAC, Three Examples of LM13700 Circuits
logic chips, How to Minimize Troubleshooting, Working with
CMOS Logic Chips–CD40106 Narrow Pulse Stretcher
logic probes, Logic Probe
low note priority, The Keyboard Controller
Low-Frequency Oscillator (LFO) modules (see LFO modules)
M
Magnaval, Bernard, What Can I Build?, How Far Can I Go?Make: Electronics (Pratt), What You Should Know
Manual Gate button, Noise Toaster Block Diagram
MFOS (Music From Outer Space), Music From Outer Space
MFOS 16-Step Sequencer, The Voltage Sequencer, CD40193
Binary Up/Down Counter , CD4514 4-Bit Latch/4-to-16 Line
Decoder , CD4067 Single 16-Channel Multiplexer/Demuliplexer
MFOS Noise Toaster (see Noise Toaster)
MFOS Sound Lab Mini-Synth, My Electronic Roots, A Simple
State-Variable VCF
MFOS Vari-Clock module, CD40193 Binary Up/Down Counter
MFOS Voltage Quantizer, Digital-to-Analog Conversion Using
Binarily Weighted Resistors or the R/2R Resistor Ladder
MFOS Web SFZ Helper application, Floobydust
MFOS website, Music From Outer Space, Active Components
Mixer Board (Audacity), Multitrack Layering
mixers, Audio and DC Signal Mixers
Mod Depth control, Noise Toaster Block DiagramMod Source switch, Noise Toaster Block Diagram
modular analog synthesizers, How Far Can I Go?, Three
Configurations: Normalized, Modular, and Hybrid, Putting It All
Together
modulation inputs, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
modulation wheels, The Keyboard Controller
mono keyboard controllers, The Keyboard Controller
Moog, Robert, What Is Synth-DIY?
Mouser Electronics, Gathering the Parts
Multi-Tool Mode (Audacity), Audacity Tools
multichannel DC modulation mixer, Simple Multichannel DC
Modulation Mixer
multichannel oscilloscopes, Input Channels
multichannel signal mixers, The Voltage-Controlled Filter (VCF)
multimeters, The Digital Multimeter (DM), Second Multimeter,
Testing the Noise Toastermultiple-input NAND gate (CD40106), CD40106 Multiple-Input
NAND Gate
multiple-input NOR gate (CD40106), CD40106 Multiple-Input
NOR Gate
Multitrack Layering exercise, Your Electronic Music Studio,
Multitrack Layering
Multitrack Volume Envelope Layering exercise, Your Electronic
Music Studio, Multitrack Volume Envelope Layering–Multitrack
Volume Envelope Layering
Music From Outer Space (MFOS), Music From Outer Space,
Active Components
Musique Concrete exercise, Your Electronic Music Studio,
Musique Concrete–Musique Concrete
Mute control (Audacity), Sound-on-Sound Recording
N
N-Channel JFET transistors, Active Components
narrow pulse stretcher (CD40106), CD40106 Narrow Pulse
Stretcher
needle-nose pliers, Hand Toolsnegative edge to positive-going pulse (CD40106), CD40106
Negative Edge to Positive-Going Pulse
negative feedback, Negative Feedback Demystified
noise level, Sensitivity
Noise Toaster
AREG module, The Attack Release Envelope Generator
(AREG)
audio amplifier, The Audio Amplifier
bill of materials (BOM), The Bill of Materials (BOM)
blank test patch sheet, Testing the Output Jack
block diagram, Noise Toaster Block Diagram
cases for, Building the Noise Toaster, Preparing the Noise
Toaster Case
components of, Noise Toaster Block Diagram –Building the
Noise Toaster
front panel, Making the Noise Toaster Front Panel
front panel component installation, Installing the Noise
Toaster Front Panel Componentsfront panel legend overlay, Making the Noise Toaster Front
Panel Legend Overlay
front panel wiring, Installing the Noise Toaster Front Panel
Components
inserting ICs, Testing the Noise Toaster
inverting buffer, Negative Feedback Demystified
inverting comparator, Op Amps as Comparators
LFO module, The Low-Frequency Oscillator (LFO)
noninverting comparator, Op Amps as Comparators
parts for, Gathering the Parts
PCBs, Building the Noise Toaster, The Noise Toaster Printed
Circuit Board (PCB)–Populating the Noise Toaster PCB
power supply, The Power Supply
sullen and listless, My Noise Toaster Is Being Sullen and
Listless
test control settings, Testing the VCOtroubleshooting, My Noise Toaster Is Being Sullen and
Listless
VCA module, The Voltage-Controlled Amplifier (VCA)
VCF module, The Voltage-Controlled Low-Pass Filter (VCF)
VCO module, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)–The
Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
white noise generator module, The White Noise Generator
wiring diagrams, Building the Noise Toaster
wiring front panel, Wiring the Noise Toaster Front Panel
Components
wiring PCB to front panel, Wiring the PCB to the Front
Panel–Wiring the PCB to the Front Panel
Noise Toaster testing
AREG module, Testing the AREG
battery connector, Testing the Noise Toaster
LFO module, Testing the LFO
output jack, Testing the Output Jacktroubleshooting, My Noise Toaster Is Being Sullen and
Listless
VCA module, Testing the VCA
VCF module, Testing the VCF
VCO module, Testing the VCO
white noise generator, Testing the White Noise Generator
noninverting buffer gain formula, Negative Feedback
Demystified
noninverting buffers, Noninverting Buffer
noninverting comparators, Op Amps as Comparators
nonpolarized capacitors, Capacitors, The Bill of Materials (BOM)
normalized analog synthesizers, Three Configurations:
Normalized, Modular, and Hybrid, Putting It All Together
O
octave, control voltages for one, The Keyboard Controller
one volt per octave standard, Voltage Control
online component distributors, Gathering the Partsop amps, The Incredible Op Amp
(see also LM13700 Dual Transconductance Op Amp)
as comparators, Op Amps as Comparators , A Basic
Comparator
audio mixers, Signal Mixing
buffers for, Buffers
DACs, Digital-to-Analog Conversion Using Binarily Weighted
Resistors or the R/2R Resistor Ladder–The R/2R Resistor
Ladder DAC
ideal, Positive Feedback (Hysteresis)
inverting buffer, Negative Feedback Demystified
inverting comparator, Op Amps as Comparators
lighting up LEDs, Light Up Your Synth with LEDs–Light an
LED Using a Comparator (II)
negative feedback, Negative Feedback Demystified
noninverting buffer, Negative Feedback Demystified
noninverting comparator, Op Amps as Comparators ,
Positive Feedback (Hysteresis)noninverting comparator with hysteresis, Positive Feedback
(Hysteresis)
oscillation in, Negative Feedback Demystified
oscillators, Simple Multichannel DC Modulation Mixer –Two
Op Amp Square- and Triangle-Wave Oscillator
output biasing, High-Impedance Buffer Follower
positive feedback (hysteresis), Positive Feedback
(Hysteresis)–Positive Feedback (Hysteresis)
table of useful, Positive Feedback (Hysteresis)
transconductance, The LM13700
vs. power amplifiers, Op Amps as Amplifiers
open-loop gain, Op Amps as Amplifiers
operational amplifier integrated circuits (see op amps)
oscillator circuit (CD40106), The Binarily Weighted Resistor
DAC
oscillators, Simple Multichannel DC Modulation Mixer –Two Op
Amp Square- and Triangle-Wave Oscillatoroscilloscope probes, Sensitivity
oscilloscopes, The Oscilloscope–What Else Should I Look for in
a Scope?
output jacks, Testing the Output Jack
Ozolins, Girts, The Voltage Sequencer
P
parallel capacitance formula, Capacitors
parallel resistance formula, Resistors to Keep On Hand
parasitic capacitance and inductance, How to Minimize
Troubleshooting
parts, kits of, Capacitors
patch cords, Three Configurations: Normalized, Modular, and
Hybrid
PCB silk screen layer, The Noise Toaster Printed Circuit Board
(PCB)
PCB speaker connection points, Wiring the PCB to the Front
PanelPCBs (printed circuit boards), Soldering Tips, Building the
Noise Toaster, The Noise Toaster Printed Circuit Board (PCB)–
Populating the Noise Toaster PCB
pink noise, The White Noise Generator
plated through-holes, Soldering Tips
polarized electrolytic capacitors, Capacitors, The Bill of
Materials (BOM)
polycarbonate film capacitors, Capacitors
polystyrene film capacitors, Capacitors
portamento controls, The Keyboard Controller, The Voltage
Sequencer
positive edge to negative-going pulse (CD40106), CD40106
Positive Edge to Negative-Going Pulse
positive feedback (hysteresis), Positive Feedback (Hysteresis)–
Positive Feedback (Hysteresis)
positive feedback resistor, Positive Feedback (Hysteresis)
pot/shaft/knob combinations, Mechanical Componentspotentiometers, Mechanical Components , ADSR Envelope
Generator, Gathering the Parts, Installing the Noise Toaster
Front Panel Components
power supplies, The Power Supply
printed circuit boards (PCBs), Soldering Tips, Building the
Noise Toaster, The Noise Toaster Printed Circuit Board (PCB)–
Populating the Noise Toaster PCB
pulse wave oscillator (CD40106), CD40106 Pulse Wave
Oscillator
Pulse Width control, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
pulse width modulation input, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
(VCO)
Q
quad analog switch (CD4066), CD4066 Quad Analog Switch
quad D latch (CD4042), CD4042 Quad D Latch
quad two-input NAND gate (CD4011), CD4011 Quad Two-Input
NAND Gate
quad two-input NOR gate (CD4001), CD4001 Quad Two-Input
NOR GateR
R/2R resistor ladder DAC, The R/2R Resistor Ladder DAC
ramp core oscillators, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
ramp wave, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO), The
Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO), The Voltage-Controlled
Oscillator (VCO)
ramp/square wave generator, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
(VCO)
recording exercises
Multitrack Layering, Your Electronic Music Studio, Multitrack
Layering
Multitrack Volume Envelope Layering, Your Electronic Music
Studio
Multitrack Volume Envelope Layering exercise, Multitrack
Volume Envelope Layering–Multitrack Volume Envelope
Layering
Musique Concrete, Your Electronic Music Studio, Musique
Concrete–Musique Concrete
rectangle wave, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
reference voltage (Vref), Op Amps as ComparatorsRelease Time control, AR Envelope Generator , ADSR Envelope
Generator, Noise Toaster Block Diagram
repeat rate potentiometers, ADSR Envelope Generator
repeat switches, ADSR Envelope Generator
Repeat/Manual switch, Noise Toaster Block Diagram
resistance values, Inverting Buffer
resistors, Resistors to Keep On Hand, Gathering the Parts,
Positive Feedback (Hysteresis)
Resonance control, Noise Toaster Block Diagram
RIN (input resistor), Negative Feedback Demystified
ring modulation effects, Putting It All Together
ring modulators, The Ring Modulator
ringing, The Voltage-Controlled Filter (VCF)
rosin flux, Soldering Tips
Rosin Paste Flux, Soldering Tips
rubber feet (bumpers), Preparing the Noise Toaster CaseS
sample and hold (S&H) modules, The Sample and Hold (S&H)–
The Sample and Hold (S&H)
Sample Rate control, The Sample and Hold (S&H)
Sauer, Don, The LM13700
sawtooth wave, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
scanning matrix style keyboards, The Keyboard Controller
Schaeffer, Pierre, Musique Concrete
schematic symbol diagrams
CD40106 hex Schmitt inverter IC, CD40106 Hex Inverting
Schmitt Trigger
CD4011 quad two-input NAND gate IC, CD4011 Quad TwoInput NAND Gate
CD4013 dual D flip-flop IC, CD4013 Dual D Flip-Flop
CD4017 decade counter with 10 decoded outputs, CD4017
Decade Counter with 10 Decoded Outputs
CD40193 binary up/down counter IC, CD40193 Binary
Up/Down CounterCD4024 seven-stage ripple carry binary counter IC, CD4024
Seven-Stage Ripple Carry Binary Counter
CD4042 quad D latch IC, CD4042 Quad D Latch
CD4066 quad analog switch IC, CD4066 Quad Analog Switch
CD4067 single 16-channel multiplexer/ demultiplexer IC,
CD4067 Single 16-Channel Multiplexer/Demuliplexer
CD4094 eight-stage shift register IC, CD4094 Eight-Stage
Shift Register
CD4514 4-bit latch/4-to-16 line decoder IC, CD4514 4-Bit
Latch/4-to-16 Line Decoder
LM13700 Dual Transconductance Op Amp, The LM13700
schematics
audio amplifier, The Audio Amplifier
audio mixer, Simple AC-Coupled Audio Mixer
CD40106 multiple-input NAND gate, CD40106 Multiple-Input
NAND Gate
CD40106 multiple-input NOR gate, CD40106 Multiple-Input
NOR GateCD40106 narrow pulse stretcher, CD40106 Narrow Pulse
Stretcher
CD40106 negative edge to positive-going pulse, CD40106
Negative Edge to Positive-Going Pulse
CD40106 positive edge to negative-going pulse, CD40106
Positive Edge to Negative-Going Pulse
CD40106 pulse wave oscillator, CD40106 Pulse Wave
Oscillator
CD40106 square wave oscillator, CD40106 Square Wave
Oscillator
comparator lighting an LED, A Basic Comparator, Light an
LED Using a Comparator (I), Light an LED Using a
Comparator (II)
DC modulation mixer, Simple Multichannel DC Modulation
Mixer
debounced push button and toggler using CD4013, CD4013
Dual D Flip-Flop
inverting buffer, Inverting Buffer
LEDs, The Simplest Way to Light an LED, Isolating the LED
Control Source with a CD40106 Inverter (I)LFO, The Low-Frequency Oscillator (LFO)
noninverting buffer, Noninverting Buffer
output biasing, A Basic Comparator
power supply, The Noise Toaster Schematics
R/2R resistor ladder DAC, The R/2R Resistor Ladder DAC
ramp/square wave generator, The Voltage-Controlled
Oscillator (VCO)
sound card audio interface, Connecting a Project to Your
Computer’s Sound Card
square wave oscillator, Single Op Amp Square-Wave
Oscillator
square- and triangle-wave oscillator, Two Op Amp Squareand Triangle-Wave Oscillator
state-variable VCF using LM13700, A Simple VCA Using the
LM13700, A Simple State-Variable VCF
triangle-to-sine wave converter using LM13700, A Simple
State-Variable VCF
VCA, The Voltage-Controlled Amplifier (VCA)VCF, The Voltage-Controlled Low-Pass Filter (VCF)
voltage mixer and exponential converter, The VoltageControlled Oscillator (VCO)
weighted resistor value DAC, The Binarily Weighted Resistor
DAC
white noise generator, The White Noise Generator
screwdrivers, Hand Tools
Selection Tool (Audacity), Audacity Tools , Musique Concrete
sensitive signals, How to Minimize Troubleshooting
sequencers, What Can I Build?, The Voltage Sequencer, The
Voltage Sequencer
series capacitance formula, Capacitors
series resistance formula, Resistors to Keep On Hand
service loop (slack), Wiring the PCB to the Front Panel
seven-stage ripple carry binary counter (CD4024), CD4024
Seven-Stage Ripple Carry Binary Counter
SFZ files, Floobydustshift registers, The White Noise Generator
signal mixers, Audio and DC Signal Mixers
signal multiplication, The Ring Modulator
silence clips, Effect Tails
Silence tool (Audacity), Audacity Edit Toolbar
sine wave, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
single 16-channel multiplexer/demultiplexer (CD4067), CD4067
Single 16-Channel Multiplexer/Demuliplexer
16-Step Sequencer, The Voltage Sequencer, CD40193 Binary
Up/Down Counter , CD4514 4-Bit Latch/4-to-16 Line Decoder ,
CD4067 Single 16-Channel Multiplexer/Demuliplexer
soft sync, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
SOIC (small outline integrated circuit) package, The Incredible
Op Amp
solder braid, Desoldering Is Important, Too
solder suckers, Desoldering Is Important, Too
solderingadjustable temperature-controlled solder stations, Tips for
Reliable Soldering
desoldering, Soldering Tips
factors affecting, Tips for Reliable Soldering
IC sockets, Populating the Noise Toaster PCB
leads and, Soldering Tips, Populating the Noise Toaster PCB
panel components, Wiring the Noise Toaster Front Panel
Components
proper, Soldering Tips
tips for, Function Generator–Soldering Tips
tools for, Soldering Tips
solderless breadboards, What Can I Build?, Capacitors,
Mechanical Components , Solderless Breadboarding , Negative
Feedback Demystified
solid hookup wire, Solderless Breadboarding
Solo control (Audacity), Sound-on-Sound Recordingsound card audio interface box, Connecting a Project to Your
Computer’s Sound Card
sound cards, Connecting a Project to Your Computer’s Sound
Card
Sound Lab Mini-Synth, My Electronic Roots, What Can I Build?,
A Simple State-Variable VCF
Sound Lab ULTIMATE (Magnaval), How Far Can I Go?
spacers (stand-offs), Wiring the PCB to the Front Panel
speaker grills, Preparing the Noise Toaster Case
spring-loaded vacuum solder suckers, Desoldering Is
Important, Too
square wave, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO), The
Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
square wave oscillators, Single Op Amp Square-Wave Oscillator
, CD40106 Square Wave Oscillator
square- and triangle-wave oscillator, Two Op Amp Square- and
Triangle-Wave Oscillator–Two Op Amp Square- and TriangleWave Oscillator
stand-offs (spacers), Wiring the PCB to the Front Panelstate variable VCFs, The Voltage-Controlled Filter (VCF)
static precautions, Hand Tools , How to Minimize
Troubleshooting, Working with CMOS Logic Chips
subtractive synthesis elements, The Voltage-Controlled Filter
(VCF)
surplus electronic parts, Surplus Parts
switches, Mechanical Components , Gathering the Parts
synchronized VCOs, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
synth-DIY, Preface, A Bit of Analog Synthesizer Etymology,
Logic Chips in Synth-DIY
synth-DIY tools (see tools)
synthesizers, defined, A Bit of Analog Synthesizer Etymology
T
tantalum electrolytic capacitors, Capacitors, Troubleshooting
Tips
test leads, Hand Tools
Thurm, Michael, How Far Can I Go?Time Shift Tool (Audacity), Audacity Tools , Musique Concrete
tools, The Oscilloscope
(see also electronic components)
bench power supplies, The Bench Power Supply
capacitance meters, Capacitance Meter
digital multimeters, The Digital Multimeter (DM), Second
Multimeter
frequency counters, Frequency Counter
function generators, Function Generator
hand, Hand Tools
logic probes, Logic Probe
oscilloscopes, The Oscilloscope–What Else Should I Look
for in a Scope?
Track menu (Audacity), Audacity Effects
transconductance op amp, The LM13700
transformers, Mechanical Componentstransistors, Active Components , The Simplest Way to Light an
LED
triangle (tri) core oscillators, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
(VCO)
triangle wave, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO), The
Sample and Hold (S&H)
triggers, Voltage Control , AR Envelope Generator , ADSR
Envelope Generator
Trim tool (Audacity), Audacity Edit Toolbar
trimpot adjustment tool, Hand Tools
troubleshooting, Hand Tools –Divide and Conquer, My Noise
Toaster Is Being Sullen and Listless
tweezers, Hand Tools
two-pole filters, A Simple State-Variable VCF
V V
ari-Clock module, CD40193 Binary Up/Down Counter
VCA modules, Voltage Control , The Voltage-Controlled
Amplifier (VCA), Testing the VCA, The Voltage-Controlled
Amplifier (VCA)VCF Cutoff Frequency control, Noise Toaster Block Diagram
VCF modules, Voltage Control , Voltage Control , The VoltageControlled Oscillator (VCO)–The Voltage-Controlled Filter (VCF),
Testing the VCF, The Voltage-Controlled Low-Pass Filter (VCF)
VCO frequency doubling, Voltage Control
VCO frequency modulation, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
(VCO)
VCO modules, Voltage Control , Voltage Control , The VoltageControlled Oscillator (VCO)–The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
(VCO), Testing the VCO, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
(VCO)–The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)
vertical sensitivity, Sensitivity
vias, The Noise Toaster Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
vibrato, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO), The LowFrequency Oscillator (LFO)
virtual ground, The Bench Power Supply
Vocoder effect (Audacity), Audacity Effects
voltage control of VCO frequency, The Voltage-Controlled
Oscillator (VCO), The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)voltage mixer and exponential converter, The VoltageControlled Oscillator (VCO)
Voltage Quantizer, Digital-to-Analog Conversion Using Binarily
Weighted Resistors or the R/2R Resistor Ladder
voltage sequencers, The Voltage Sequencer
Voltage-Controlled Amplifier (VCA) modules, Voltage Control ,
The Voltage-Controlled Amplifier (VCA), Testing the VCA, The
Voltage-Controlled Amplifier (VCA)
Voltage-Controlled Filter (VCF) modules, Voltage Control ,
Voltage Control , The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)–The
Voltage-Controlled Filter (VCF), Testing the VCF, The VoltageControlled Low-Pass Filter (VCF)
Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) modules, Voltage Control ,
Voltage Control , The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)–The
Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO), Testing the VCO, The
Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)–The Voltage-Controlled
Oscillator (VCO)
W
wall warts, The Power Supply
waveforms, The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO), The
Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO), The Low-Frequency
Oscillator (LFO)Web SFZ Helper application, Floobydust
Weird Sound Generator, What Can I Build?
white noise, The Sample and Hold (S&H)
white noise generator modules, ADSR Envelope Generator, The
White Noise Generator
white noise waveform, The White Noise Generator
window comparators, The Window Comparator
Winter (Carlos), Multitrack Layering
wire strippers, Hand Tools
wiring diagrams
Noise Toaster, Installing the Noise Toaster Front Panel
Components , Wiring the Noise Toaster Front Panel
Components
sound card audio interface, Connecting a Project to Your
Computer’s Sound Card, Connecting a Project to Your
Computer’s Sound Card
workbench tools (see tools)
working voltage, CapacitorsX
XOR logic gates, The White Noise Generator
Z
Z wire, The Noise Toaster Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
Zoom Tool (Audacity), Audacity Tools , Audacity Tools
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