Hazardous Waste Compliance
اسم المؤلف
Clifford M. Florczak, James E. Roughton
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المشاهدات
526
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Hazardous Waste Compliance
Clifford M. Florczak
James E. Roughton
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
1.1 Safety Culture
1.2 Scope and Objective
1.3 Hazard-Based Approach
1.4 Organization and Planning
1.5 Training
1.6 Hazard Characterization and Exposure
Assessment
1.7 Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan
1.8 Decontamination
1.9 Medical Surveillance Programs
1.10 Emergency Preparedness and Response
References
Compliance Issues
2.1 Application
2.2 Health and Safety-Related Programs
2.3 Process Safety
2.4 Interpretation and Guidance
2.5 Non-RCRA-Permitted TSDs
2.6 Construction
2.7 Laboratory Activities
2.8 Work Control System
2.9 Case Histories
References
Planning Activities
3.1 Safety and Health Program Development
3.2 Roles and Responsibilities
3.3 Contractor Oversight and Work Control
3.4 Project Team Organization
3.4.1 Project Manager
3.4.2 Site Manager
3.4.3 Site Health and Safety Officer
3.4.4 Health and Safety Manager
36 vi Hazardous Waste Compliance
3.4.5 Subcontractors, Visitors, and Other
On-Site Personnel
3.4.6 Occupational Physician
3.5 Communication
3.6 Security Issues
3.7 Hazard Characterization and Exposure
Assessment
3.8 Work Plan
3.9 Using Lessons Learned
3.10 Client Review
References
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis
4.1 Why Does a Job Hazard Analysis Work?
4.2 Selecting the Jobs for Analysis
4.3 Employee Participation
4.4 Conducting a JHA
4.5 Breaking Down the Job
4.6 Identifying Job Hazards
4.7 Recommending Safe Procedures and
Protection
4.8 Revising the JHA
4.9 Process Hazard Analysis
4.10 Summary
Reference
Developing a Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan
5.1 Identifying Resources
5.2 Understanding the Scope of Work
5.3 HASP Preparation
5.4 Hazard Characterization and Exposure
5.4.1 Radiological Hazards
5.4.2 Exposure Monitoring
5.5 Chemical Handling Procedures
5.5.1 Airborne Dust
5.6 Work Zones
5.6.1 Exclusion Zone
5.6.2 Contamination Reduction Zone/Corridor
5.6.3 Support Zone
5.7 Worker Comfort Areas
5.8 Lessons Learned
5.9 Training
68 Contents vii
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
5.10 Determining Applicability of Other
Regulations and Requirements
References
Development of a Site-Specific Health and
Safety Plan
6.1 Length
6.2 Specific HASP Wording
6.3 Elements
6.3.1 Cover Sheets
6.3.2 Introduction
6.3.3 Site Description/Background Information
6.3.4 Project Personnel and Responsibilities
6.3.5 Site Control/Work Zones
6.3.6 Buddy System
6.3.7 Decontamination Procedures
6.3.8 Training
6.3.9 Medical Surveillance
6.3.10 Emergency Treatment
References
Implementing the Safety Plan
7.1 Orientation
7.2 Follow-Up
7.3 Inspection Program
7.4 Job Hazard Analysis
7.5 Team Make-Up
7.6 Assessing PPE
References
Training Requirements
8.1 Systematic Approach to Training
8.2 General Training Requirements and
Guidelines
8.3 Supervised Field Experience
8.4 Training Certification
8.5 Specific Training Guidelines
8.6 Instructor/Trainer Qualification
8.7 Program and Course Evaluations
8.8 Emergency Response Training
8.9 Lessons Learned
Reference
106 viii Hazardous Waste Compliance
Chapter 9 Personal Protective Equipment
9.1 General Usage of PPE
9.2 Selecting PPE for Hazardous Waste
Activities
9.2.1 Level A
9.2.2 Level B
9.2.3 Level C
9.2.4 Level D
9.2.5 Modified Level D
9.3 Upgrading or Downgrading Levels of
Protection
9.4 Lessons Learned Regarding Levels A and B
9.4.1 More Lessons Learned
9.5 PPE Specifics for Nonhazardous Waste Sites
9.5.1 General Requirements
9.5.2 Compliance Requirements
9.5.3 Compliance Issues
9.5.4 Employee Training
9.5.5 Summary
9.5.6 Eye and Face Protection
9.6 Equipment Limitations
9.7 Respiratory Protection
9.7.1 Permissible Practice
9.7.2 Definitions
9.7.3 Respiratory Protection Program
9.7.4 Selection of Respiratory and Hazard
Evaluation
9.7.5 Protection against Gases and Vapors on
Atmospheres That Are Not IDLH
9.7.6 Medical Evaluations
9.7.7 Continuing Respirator Effectiveness
9.8 Lessons Learned
9.9 Head Protection
9.10 Foot and Hand Protection
9.10.1 Lessons Learned
References
Chapter 10 Decontamination Activities
10.1 Decontamination Strategy
10.1.1 Time Savings in Decontamination
10.2 Acceptable Decontamination Methods
10.2.1 Contact Time
10.2.2 Concentration
152 Contents ix
10.2.3 Temperature
10.2.4 Chemical Characteristics
10.2.5 Decontamination by Physical Means
10.3 Using Solutions, Chemicals, and Other
Materials
10.4 Determining Decontamination Effectiveness
10.4.1 Visual Observation
10.4.2 Wipe Sampling
10.5 Cleaning Solution Analysis
10.5.1 Permeation Testing
10.6 Defining Decontamination Areas
10.7 Emergency Decontamination Procedures
10.8 Identification of Decontamination Hazards
10.9 Protection of Decontamination Workers
10.10 Disposal Methods
10.11 Equipment Decontamination
10.12 Sanitation
10.13 Waste Minimization
References
Chapter 11 Emergency Preparedness and Response 164
11.1 Emergency Response
11.2 Applicability of Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act
11.3 SARA Title III
11.3.1 Emergency Planning (EPCRA Sections
301-303)
11.3.2 Emergency Release Notification (EPCRA
Section 304)
11.3.3 Community Right-To-Know Reporting
Requirements (EPCRA Sections 311-312)
11.3.4 Toxic Chemical Release Inventory (EPCRA
Section 313)
11.4 Emergency Action Plan
11.5 Emergency Response Plan
11.5.1 Emergency Response Organization
11.6 Emergency Equipment and Personal
Protective Equipment
11.7 Medical Surveillance
11.8 Emergency Medical Treatment, Transport,
and First Aid
References
176 x Hazardous Waste Compliance
APPENDIX A OSHA Site Audits
APPENDIX B Choosing a Contractor/Subcontractor
APPENDIX C Process Safety Management Guidelines for
Compliance
APPENDIX D Site Audit Subjects
APPENDIX E Commonly Used Acronyms
Index 281
Index
Absorption, 78
Action levels, 60
Administrative controls, 80
Air monitoring, 60–61
Airborne dust, 62-63
Application, 17
Approval process, 38, 74, 75
Biological hazards, 78
Bloodborne pathogens, 36
Brownfields, 5
Buddy system, 81
Change order, 220
Chemical handling procedures, 62-63
Chemical hazard control, 80
Chemical hazards, 78
Clean air lock, 161
Clean room, 161-162
Client review, 41
Colorimetric detector tubes, 60-61
Contamination reduction zone/corridor
(CRZ/C), 64-65, 157, 159
Contractor agreements, 24, 213-227
Contractors/Subcontractors, 7, 29, 30, 37,
213-226
Decontamination, 10-11, 34
Decontamination procedures, 81-82, 149-
163
Direct reading instruments, 59, 60
Dirty air lock, 161
Dirty room, 161
Disinfection, 156
Disqualification (Contractor), 224
Disposable PPE, 82
Dose, 61
Dust suppression, 67
Emergency action plan (EAP), 171-172
Emergency equipment, 174-175
Emergency medical care, 34
Emergency phone numbers, 34
Emergency preparedness, 11, 164-176
Emergency response, 11, 25, 165-168
Emergency response plan (ERP), 172
Emergency response training, 101
Emergency transportation, 34
Emergency treatment, 87-88
Enforcement, 90
End of Service Life Indicator (ESLI), 145
Engineering controls, 39, 40, 80
Equipment decontamination, 160
Evacuation routes, 34
Exclusion zone (EZ), 63, 82, 214
Exposure assessment, 9, 38, 65
Exposure monitoring, 60, 80
Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), 51
Fault tree analysis (FTA), 52
Field test kits, 61
First aid, 34
Fit test, 146
Foot/hand protection, 147
Hazard assessment, 107
Hazard-based approach, 6, 38
Hazard characterization, 9, 38, 65
Hazard communication, 80
Hazard control, 8
Hazard exposure, 19, 59
Hazard identification, 47
Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP), 51
Head protection, 147
Health and safety manager (HSM), 36
Health and safety program, 54
Health and safety plan (HASP), 10, 54-95
HEPA, 141-142, 153, 160
Host organization, 214
Hotline, 64
Incident command system (ICS), 173
Incipient, 166
Ingestion, 78
Inhalation, 78
Injection, 78
Instructor/trainer qualification, 101
Insurance certificate, 219
Job Hazard Analysis (JHA), 42-53, 58, 79, 91,
159
discussion method, 45
observation method, 45
Job Safety Analysis (JSA), 58
Leachate, 63
Lead, 69, 80
Lessons learned, 39, 40, 66, 102, 123, 124,
147
Levels of protection, 63
Medical clearance, 34
Medical surveillance, 11, 83-87, 145
Memoranda of agreement (MOA), 165
Memoranda of understanding (MOU), 165
Mixed waste, 1
Monitoring instruments, 35
Morale, 7
281 282 Hazardous Waste Compliance
Near hits, 41, 44, 48
Near misses, 41
Noise dosimeter, 61
Noise monitoring, 61-62
Noise Reduction Rating (NRR), 62
Non-emergency care, 88
Occupational physician, 37, 84
Orientation, 89, 92
Overprotection, 94
Permeation, 152, 153, 157
Permissible exposure limit, 85, 86, 139
Personal protective equipment (PPE), 64, 80,
94, 107-148
Physical hazards, 77-78
Process hazard analysis, 52
Process safety, 18, 227-248
Program and course evaluations, 101
Project manager (PM), 32, 33, 41, 55, 69, 108,
223
Protection factor, 141
Purchase order, 220
Radioactive materials, 1
Radiological hazards, 59-60
Refusal (acknowledgement), 75
Remediation, 6
Respiratory protection, 34, 132-139
Review, 38
Rinsing, 155
Safety alert, 39, 40
Safety culture, defined, 3
Safety meetings, 34
Sanitation, 161-162
Scaffolds, 58
Security, 37, 38
Shower area, 161
Site control/work zones, 81
Site health and safety officer (SSHO), 33-
36
Site inspection, 90
Site manager, 33, 41
Site supervisor, 108
Solidification, 155
Sterilization, 156
Subcontractors. See Contractors
Supervised field experience, 98
Support personnel, 23
Support zone, 65
Surfactants, 155
Training, 7-8, 42-49, 82, 90, 96-107
Training certification, 99
Upgrading/downgrading levels of protection,
34, 120-123
Visitors, 36
Warning properties, 141
Waste minimization, 64, 162-163
What if, 50
Wipe sampling, 156
Work plan, 39
Worker comfort areas, 66
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