مشروع تخرج بعنوان A Project Report On design and Fabrication of Portable 3D Printer
مشروع تخرج بعنوان
A Project Report On design and Fabrication of Portable 3D Printer
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Mechanical Engineering
Visvesvaraya Technological University
Belagavi
Submitted by
Ishtiaq Ahmed (1AT14ME032)
M Syed Ismail Zeeshan (1AT14ME038)
Mohammed Shoaib Shariff (1AT14ME045)
Prashanth S (1AT14ME056)
Under the guidance of
Prof. Harsha N
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Atria IT
CONTENTS
Abstract i
Acknowledgement ii
Contents iii
List of Figures vii
List of Tables ix
Notations x
Particulars Page No.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Three-dimensional printing 1
1.2 History 1
1.3 Principle 1
1.3.1 Modelling 4
1.3.2 Printing 5
1.3.3 Finishing 6
1.4 Application 6
1.4.1 Education 6
1.4.1 Apparel 7
1.4.4 Construction 8
1.4.4 Dental 9
1.4.7 Domestic Use 10
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Various techniques developed for additive manufacturing
2.1.1 Photopolymerization 11
2.1.2 Powder 13
2.1.3 Material Extrusion: Extruding a filament at appropriate temperature 14
2.1.4 Lamination 15
2.2 Motion Configuration in 3D Printers 15
iii2.2.1 Cartesian configuration 16
2.2.2 Delta configuration 17
2.2.3 SCARA configuration 18
2.2.4 Polar configuration 19
2.3 Materials used in FDM 3D Printing 20
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Flow chart 24
3.2 Selection of process 24
3.3 Selection of Mechanism 25
3.4 Electronics 25
3.4.1 Controller 26
3.4.2 Stepper Motors 26
3.4.3 Endstops 27
3.4.4 Heated Bed 27
3.4.5 Stepper Drives 27
3.5 Software 27
3.5.1 CAD Tools 27
3.5.2 CAM Tools 28
3.5.3 Firmware 28
3.6 Objectives of our present work 28
CHAPTER 4: DESIGN AND FABRICATION
4.1 Conceptual Design 29
4.2 Detail design 29
4.2.1 Selection of Motor for X and Y axis 30
4.2.2 X – axis Movement 30
4.2.3 Y – axis Movement 33
4.2.4 Z – axis Movement 35
4.3 BEARINGS 37
4.3.1 Linear bearings 39
iv4.3.1.1 Linear ball bearing LM8UU 40
4.3.1.2 Linear ball bearing LM16UU 41
4.3.2 Ball bearings 41
4.3.3 Flanged bushing ball bearing 42
4.4 BELTS AND PULLEY
4.1 Belt Drive and its Types 43
4.1.1 Law Of Belting 43
4.5 Timing Belt 44
4.6 Pulley 45
4.7 Extruder 46
4.7.1 Introduction 47
4.7.2 Principle of Extruder 48
CHAPTER 5: ELECTRONICS
5.1 Introduction 50
5.2 Controller Board 50
5.2.1 Arduino Due 51
5.2.2 Beagle Bone Printer Board 51
5.2.3 Azteeg X5 51
5.2.4 Smoothieboard 52
5.3 Ramps 52
5.4 Stepper Motors 53
5.4.1 Selection Of Stepper Motor 54
5.4.2 Stepper Motor Applications 56
5.4.3 Types Of Stepper Motor 56
5.4.3.1 Nema 11 57
5.4.3.2 Nema 14 57
5.4.3.3 Nema 17 57
5.4.3.4 Nema 23 58
v5.5 Stepper Drives 58
5.6 Lcd Controller 59
5.7 Thermistor 60
5.8 End Stops 61
5.9 Heated Bed 61
5.10 Power Supply 63
CHAPTER 6: FIRMWARE AND SOFTWARE
6.1 Introduction 64
6.2 List Of Firmware 64
6.2.1 Sprinter 64
6.2.2 Teacup 65
6.2.3 Sjfw 67
6.2.4 Marlin 67
6.2.5 Sailfish 68
6.3 Steps To Install Firmware 69
6.4 Software 70
6.5 Software Used For Designing The 3d Printer 70
6.5.1 Solidworks 71
6.5.2 Catia 72
6.6 Softwares Used For Printing The 3d Models 72
6.6.1 Cura 72
6.6.2 Repetier Host 74
6.6.3 G-Code Interpreter 75
6.6.4 G-Code Sender 75
CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION
Conclusion 76
References 79
Publications 81
viLIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 CAD modelling 4
Figure 1.2 printing of models 6
Figure1.3 planetary gear 7
Figure 1.4 3D Printed Shoe and Spectacle 8
Figure 1.5 building prototype printed 8
Figure 1.6 human jaw prototype 9
Figure 1.7 Domestic items 10
Figure 2.1 Stereolithography Apparatus (SLA) 11
Figure 2.2 Material Jetting 12
Figure 2.3 Two photon Polymerization 12
Figure 2.4 Selective Laser Sintering 13
Figure 2.5 Binder Jetting 14
Figure 2.6 Fused Deposition Modelling 14
Figure 2.7 Direct Writing Assembly 15
Figure 2.8 Laminated Object Manufacturing 16
Figure 2.9 Selective Deposition Lamination 16
Figure 2.10 Cartesian configuration 17
Figure 2.11 Delta configuration 18
Figure 2.12 SCARA configuration 19
Figure 2.13 Polar configuration 19
Figure 3.1 Flowchart 24
Figure 3.2 Cartesian type mechanism 26
Figure 4.1 cad design 29
Figure 4.2 Detailing of NEMA 17 30
Figure 4.3 X-Axis cad design 31
Figure 4.4 X-Axis holder cad design 32
Figure 4.5 Y-Axis cad design 34
Figure 4.6 Z-Axis cad design 36
viiFigure 4.7 Mechanism for Z – axis movement (vertical direction) 37
Figure 4.8 Heat Bed 38
Figure 4.9 Linear Bearing 39
Figure 4.10 LM8UU linear bearing 40
Figure 4.11 LM16UU linear bearing 41
Figure 4.12 Ball Bearing 42
Figure 4.13 Flanged bushing ball bearing 42
Figure 4.14 Timing Belt 44
Figure 4.15 Pulley 46
Figure 4.16 E3D V6 Extruder used in our 3D Printer 48
Figure 4.17 Hot end of extruder 49
Figure 5.1 Ramps 1.4 53
Figure 5.2 A4988 Stepper drive[15] 58
Figure 5.3 LCD Controller 59
figure 5.4 Thermistor 60
Figure 5.5 Endstop 61
Figure 5.6 Heated Bed 62
Figure 5.7 Power Supply 63
Figure 6.1 valves of sprinter 65
Figure 6.2 shows configuration of teacup[16] 66
Figure 6.3(a) program of Arduino 69
Figure 6.3(b) marlin firmware 70
Figure 6.4 design in solid works 71
Figure 6.5 Cura 73
Figure 6.6 Repetier Host 74
Figure 7.1 Fabricated 3D Printer 77
Figure 7.2 3D printed parts 78
ViiiLIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Materials Used 20
Table 4.1 Flanged bushing ball bearing 42
Table 4.2 Pulley Specification 47
Table 7.1 Machine Specification
NOTATIONS
V = Velocity in ms-1
r = Radius in mm
C = Center distance between rods in mm
A = Area in mm2
W = Width in mm
H = Height in mm
I = Inertia in mm4
E = Young’s modulus in N/mm2
Y = Deflection in mm
T = Torque in Nmm
F = Load in N
D = Diameter in mm
Dstd = Standard Diameter in mm
Dm = Mean Diameter in mm
ω = Angular Velocity in rads-1
Mt = Moment in Nmm
N = Speed in RPM
P = Pitch in mm
µ = Co-efficient of friction
σ = Stress in N/mm2
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