Friction and Lubrication in Mechanical Design

Friction and Lubrication in Mechanical Design
A. A. Seireg
Universityof Wisconsin-Madison
Madison, Wisconsin
and Universityof Florida
Gainesviiie, Florida
Contents
Preface
Unit Conversion Table
1 Introduction
1.1 Historical Overview
1.2 Theories of Dry Friction
1.3 Boundary Lubrication Friction
Friction in Fluid Film Lubrication
Frictional Resistance in Elastohydrodynamic Contacts
References
2 The Contact Between Smooth Surfaces
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Design Relationships for Elastic Bodies in Contact
2.3 A Mathematical Programming Method for Analysis
and Design of Elastic Bodies in Contact
2.4 A General Method of Solution by a Simplex-Type
Algorithm
2.5 The Design Procedure for Uniform Load Distribution
References
3 Traction Distribution and Microslip in Frictional Contacts
Between Smooth Elastic Bodies
3.1 Introduction
Contents
3.2 Traction Distribution, Compliance, and Energy
Dissipation in Hertzian Contacts
3.3 Algorithmic Solution for Traction Distribution
Over Contact Area With Arbitrary Geometry Subjected
to Tangential Loading Below Gross Slip
Frictional Contacts Subjected to a Twisting Moment
Frictional Contacts Subjected to a Combination of
Tangential Force and Twisting Moment
References
4 The Contact Between Rough Surfaces
4.1 Surface Roughness
4.2 Surface Roughness Generation
4.3 The Real Area of Contact Between Rough Surfaces
4.4 The Interaction Between Rough Surfaces During
Relative Motion
4.5 A Model for the Molecular Resistance
4.6 A Model for the Mechanical Resistance
4.7 Friction and Shear
4.8 Relative Penetration Depth as a Criterion for the
Contact Condition
4.9 Effect of Sliding on the Contacting Surfaces
References
5 Thermal Considerationsin Tribology
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Thermal Environment in Frictional Contact
5.3 An Introductory Treatment of Transient Heat Transfer
5.4 Temperature Rise Due to Heat Input
5.5 Heat Partition and Transient Temperature Distribution
in Layered Lubricated Contacts
5.6 Dimensionless Relationships for Transient Temperature
and Heat Partition
References
6 Design of Fluid Film Bearings
6.1 Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings
6.2 Design Systems
6.3 Thermodynamic Effects on Bearing Performance
6.4 Thermohydrodynamic Lubrication Analysis
Incorporating Thermal Expansion Across the Film
References
Contents
7 Friction and Lubrication in Rolling/Sliding Contacts
7.1 Rolling Friction
7.2 Hydrodynamic Lubrication and Friction
7.3 Elastohydrodynamics in Rolling/Sliding Contacts
7.4 Friction in the Elastohydrodynamic Regime
7.5 Domains of Friction in EHD Rolling/Sliding
Contacts
7.6 Experimental Evaluation of the Frictional Coefficient
7.7 The Empirical Formulas
7.8 Procedures for Calculation of the Coefficient of Friction
7.9 Some Numerical Results
References
8 Wear
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Classification of Wear Mechanisms
8.3 Frictional Wear
8.4 Wear Due to Surface Fatigue
8.5 Wear by Microcutting
8.6 Thermal Wear
8.7 Delamination Wear
8.8 Abrasive Wear
8.9 Corrosive Wear
8.10 Fretting Corrosion
8.11 Cavitation Wear
8.12 Erosive Wear
References
9 Case Illustrations of Surface Damage
9.1 Surface Failure in Gears
9.2 Rolling Element Bearings
9.3 Surface Temperature, Thermal Stress, and Wear in Brakes 360
9.4 Water Jet Cutting as an Application of Erosion Wear 368
9.5 Frictional Resistance in Soil Under Vibration 376
9.6 Wear in Animal Joints 377
9.7 Heat Generation and Surface Durability of
RampBall Clutches 387
References 404
10 Friction in Micromechanisms
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Static Friction
Con tents
10.3 Rolling Friction
References
11 Friction-Induced Sound and Vibration
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Frictional Noise Due to Rubbing
11.3 Effect of Lubrication on Noise Reduction
11.4 Frictional Noise in Gears
1 1.5 Friction-Induced Vibration and Noise
1 1.6 Procedure for Determination of the Frictional
Properties Under Reciprocating Sliding Motion
References
12 Surface Coating
Introduction
Coating Processes
Types of Coatings
Diamond Surface Coatings
Failure Mechanisms of Surface Coatings
Typical Applications of Surface Coatings
Simplified Method for Calculating the Maximum
Temperature Rise in a Coated Solid Due to a Moving
Heat Source
Thermal Stress Considerations
References
13 Some Experimental Studies in Friction, Lubrication, Wear, and
Thermal Shock
13.1 Frictional Interface Behavior Under Sinusoidal
Force Excitation
13.2 Friction Under Impulsive Loading
13.3 Viscoelastic Behavior of Frictional Hertzian Contacts
Under Ramp-Type Loads
13.4 Film Pressure in Reciprocating Slider Bearings
13.5 Effect of Lubricant Properties on Temperature and
Wear in Sliding Concentrated Contacts
13.6 The Effect of Repeated Thermal Shock on Bending
Fatigue of Steel
References
Author Index
Subj
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