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Loading...Festo – Hydraulics Basic Level
Festo
Table of contents
1 Tasks of a hydraulic installation 7
1.1 Stationary hydraulics 8
1.2 Mobile hydraulics 10
1.3 Comparison of hydraulics with other control media 11
2 Fundamental physical principles of hydraulics 13
2.1 Pressure 13
2.2 Pressure transmission 18
2.3 Power transmission 19
2.4 Displacement transmission 21
2.5 Pressure transfer 23
2.6 Flow rate 25
2.7 Continuity equation 26
2.8 Pressure measurement 30
2.9 Temperature measurement 31
2.10 Measurement of flow rate 31
2.11 Types of flow 31
2.12 Friction, heat, pressure drop 35
2.13 Energy and power 41
2.14 Cavitation 51
2.15 Throttle points 53
3 Hydraulic fluid 57
3.1 Tasks for hydraulic fluids 57
3.2 Types of hydraulic fluid 58
3.3 Characteristics and requirements 59
3.4 Viscosity 60
4 Components of a hydraulic system 67
4.1 Power supply section 67
4.2 Hydraulic fluid 67
4.3 Valves 68
4.4 Cylinders (linear actuators) 70
4.5 Motors (rotary actuators) 71
5 Graphic and circuit symbols 73
5.1 Pumps and motors 73
5.2 Directional control valves 74
5.3 Methods of actuation 75
5.4 Pressure valves 76
5.5 Flow control valves 78
5.6 Non-return valves 79
5.7 Cylinders 80
5.8 Transfer of energy and conditioning of the pressure medium 82
5.9 Measuring devices 83
5.10 Combination of devices 83
6 Design and representation of a hydraulic system 85
6.1 Signal control section 86
6.2 Hydraulic power section 87
6.3 Positional sketch 90
6.4 Circuit diagram 91
6.5 Components plus technical data 92
6.6 Function diagram 94
6.7 Function chart 95
7 Components of the power supply section 97
7.1 Drive 97
7.2 Pump 99
7.3 Coupling 107
7.4 Reservoir 107
7.5 Filters 109
7.6 Coolers 120
7.7 Heaters 122
8 Valves 123
8.1 Nominal sizes 123
8.2 Design 125
8.3 Poppet valves 126
8.4 Spool valves 127
8.5 Piston overlap 129
8.6 Control edges 134
9 Pressure valves 137
9.1 Pressure relief valves 137
9.2 Pressure regulators 144
10 Directional control valves 149
10.1 2/2-way valve 153
10.2 3/2-way valve 157
10.3 4/2-way valve 159
10.4 4/3-way valve 162
11 Non-return valves 167
11.1 Non-return valve 168
11.2 Piloted non-return valve 172
11.3 Piloted double non-return valve 175
12 Flow control valves 179
12.1 Restrictors and orifice valves 180
12.2 One-way flow control valve 184
12.3 Two-way flow control valve 185
13 Hydraulic cylinders 193
13.1 Single-acting cylinder 194
13.2 Double-acting cylinder 196
13.3 End position cushioning 199
13.4 Seals 200
13.5 Types of mounting 202
13.6 Venting 202
13.7 Characteristics 203
13.8 Buckling resistance 205
13.9 Selecting a cylinder 207
14 Hydraulic motors 211
15 Accessories 215
15.1 Flexible hoses 217
15.2 Pipelines 223
15.3 Sub-bases 226
15.4 Bleed valves 228
15.5 Pressure gauges 229
15.6 Pressure sensors 230
15.7 Flow measuring instruments 231
16 Appendix 233
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