Decision Making in the Manufacturing Environment

Decision Making in the Manufacturing Environment
Using Graph Theory and Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods
R. Venkata Rao
Contents
Part 1 Introduction to Decision Making
1 Introduction to Decision Making in the Manufacturing
Environment . 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Decision-making Methods Used 5
2 Graph Theory and Matrix Approach as a Decision-making Method 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Machinability Attributes Digraph . .8
2.3 Matrix Representation of the Digraph 10
2.4 Machinability Index . 19
2.5 Identification and Comparison of Work Materials . 21
2.5.1 Identification of Work Materials . 21
2.5.2 Comparison of Work Materials . 22
2.6 Methodology of GTMA as a Decision-making Method 23
References 24
3 Introduction to Multiple Attribute Decision-making (MADM)
Methods . 27
3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 Multiple Attribute Decision-making Methods . 28
3.2.1 Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Method . 28
3.2.2 Weighted Product Method (WPM) 29
3.2.3 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method . 29
3.2.4 Revised Analytic Hierarchy Process (RAHP) Method 32
3.2.5 Multiplicative Analytic Hierarchy Process (MAHP)
Method . 32
3.2.6 TOPSIS Method . 32
3.2.6.1 Entropy Method 34
3.2.6.2 Standard Deviation Method 35
3.2.6.3 AHP Method 35xii Contents
3.2.7 Modified TOPSIS Method . 35
3.2.8 Compromise Ranking Method (VIKOR) . 36
3.3 Sensitivity Analysis 37
3.4 Group Decision Making (GDM) 38
References 39
4 A Logical Approach to Fuzzy MADM Problems . 43
4.1 Introduction 43
4.2 Method Proposed by Chen and Hwang (1992 44
4.2.1 Converting Linguistic Terms to Fuzzy Numbers . 44
4.2.2 Converting Fuzzy Numbers to Crisp Scores 44
4.3 Demonstration of the Method 45
References 49
Part 2 Applications of GTMA and Fuzzy MADM Methods
in the Manufacturing Environment
5 Material Selection for a Given Engineering Application 53
5.1 Introduction 53
5.2 Examples 55
5.2.1 Example 1 56
5.2.1.1 Application of GTMA 56
5.2.1.2 SAW Method 58
5.2.1.3 WPM 59
5.2.1.4 AHP and its Versions . 59
5.2.1.5 TOPSIS Method . 61
5.2.1.6 Modified TOPSIS Method . 62
5.2.1.7 VIKOR . 63
5.2.2 Example 2 64
5.2.2.1 Application of GTMA 64
5.2.2.2 SAW Method 65
5.2.2.3 WPM 66
5.2.2.4 AHP and its Versions……… ……………….66
5.2.2.5 TOPSIS Method . 67
5.2.2.6 Modified TOPSIS Method . 67
References 68
6 Evaluation of Product Designs 71
6.1 Introduction 71
6.2 Example . 74
6.2.1 GTMA . 74
6.2.2 AHP Method 76
6.2.3 TOPSIS Method . 77
6.2.4 Modified TOPSIS Method . 79
References 79Contents xiii
7 Machinability Evaluation of Work Materials 81
7.1 Introduction 81
7.2 Examples 84
7.2.1 Example 1 84
7.2.1.1 Application of GTMA 85
7.2.1.2 SAW Method 87
7.2.1.3 WPM 87
7.2.1.4 AHP and its Versions . 88
7.2.1.5 TOPSIS Method . 88
7.2.1.6 Modified TOPSIS Method . 89
7.2.2 Example 2 90
7.2.2.1 Application of SAW Method . 90
7.2.2.2 WPM 91
7.2.2.3 AHP and its Versions . 91
7.2.2.4 TOPSIS Method . 92
7.2.2.5 Modified TOPSIS Method . 93
References 93
8 Cutting Fluid Selection for a Given Machining Application 97
8.1 Introduction 97
8.2 Examples 103
8.2.1 Example 1 103
8.2.1.1 Application of GTMA 104
8.2.1.2 SAW Method 105
8.2.1.3 WPM 106
8.2.1.4 AHP and its Versions . 106
8.2.1.5 TOPSIS Method . 107
8.2.1.6 Modified TOPSIS Method . 108
8.2.2 Example 2 109
8.2.2.1 GTMA 109
8.2.2.2 SAW Method 110
8.2.2.3 WPM 111
8.2.2.4 AHP and its Versions . 111
8.2.2.5 TOPSIS Method . 111
8.2.2.6 Modified TOPSIS Method . 112
References 112
9 Evaluation and Selection of Modern Machining Methods 115
9.1 Introduction 115
9.2 Examples 117
9.2.1 Example 1 117
9.2.1.1 GTMA 117
9.2.1.2 SAW Method 119
9.2.1.3 WPM 120
9.2.1.4 AHP and its Versions . 120
9.2.1.5 TOPSIS Method . 121
9.2.1.6 Modified TOPSIS Method . 121xiv Contents
9.2.2 Example 2 121
9.2.2.1 GTMA 122
9.2.2.2 TOPSIS Method . 123
9.2.2.3 Modified TOPSIS Method . 124
References 124
10 Evaluation of Flexible Manufacturing Systems . 125
10.1 Introduction 125
10.2 Examples 127
10.2.1 Example 1 127
10.2.1.1 Application of GTMA 128
10.2.1.2 AHP and its Versions . 130
10.2.2 Example 2 131
10.2.2.1 Application of GTMA 132
10.2.2.2 AHP and its Versions . 133
10.2.2.3 TOPSIS & Modified TOPSIS Methods . 134
10.2.2.4 Compromise Ranking Method (VIKOR) . 134
References 135
11 Machine Selection in a Flexible Manufacturing Cell 139
11.1 Introduction 139
11.2 Example . 141
11.2.1 Application of GTMA . 142
11.2.2 SAW Method . 144
11.2.3 WPM 145
11.2.4 AHP and its Versions . 145
11.2.5 TOPSIS Method . 146
11.2.6 Modified TOPSIS Method . 146
References 147
12 Failure Cause Analysis of Machine Tools 149
12.1 Introduction 149
12.2 Identifying Contributing Events of a Failure Cause . 154
12.3 MTFCD and its Matrix Representation 156
12.4 General Machine Tool Failure Causality Function 158
12.5 Machine Tool Failure Cause Evaluation 160
12.6 Machine Tool Failure Cause Analysis . 162
12.7 Methodology 163
12.8 Summary 164
References…………………………………………………… . 165
13 Robot Selection for a Given Industrial Application 169
13.1 Introduction 169
13.2 Examples 171
13.2.1 Example 1 172
13.2.1.1 Application of GTMA 172
13.2.1.2 SAW Method 173Contents xv
13.2.1.3 WPM 173
13.2.1.4 AHP and its Versions . 174
13.2.1.5 TOPSIS Method . 174
13.2.1.6 Modified TOPSIS Method . 175
13.2.2 Example 2 176
13.2.2.1 Application of GTMA 176
13.2.2.2 AHP and its Versions . 177
References 178
14 Selection of Automated Inspection Systems . 181
14.1 Introduction 181
14.2 Example . 182
14.2.1 Application of GTMA . 182
14.2.2 AHP and its Versions . 185
14.2.3 TOPSIS Method . 186
14.2.4 Modified TOPSIS Method . 186
References 186
15 Selection of Material Handling Equipment 187
15.1 Introduction 187
15.2 Example . 191
15.2.1 Application of GTMA . 191
15.2.2 SAW Method . 192
15.2.3 WPM 193
15.2.4 AHP and its Versions . 193
15.2.5 TOPSIS Method . 193
15.2.6 Modified TOPSIS Method . 194
References 194
16 Selection of Rapid Prototyping Process in Rapid Product
Development . 197
16.1 Introduction 197
16.2 Example . 200
16.2.1 Application of GTMA . 201
16.2.2 SAW Method . 203
16.2.3 WPM 204
16.2.4 AHP and its Versions . 204
16.2.5 TOPSIS Method . 205
16.2.6 Modified TOPSIS Method . 205
16.2.7 VIKOR . 206
References 206
17 Selection of Software in Manufacturing Industries . 209
17.1 Introduction 209
17.2 Example . 211
17.3 General Remarks 213
References 213xvi Contents
18 Welding Process Selection for a Given Application 215
18.1 Introduction 215
18.2 Example . 216
18.2.1 GTMA . 216
18.2.2 SAW Method . 218
18.2.3 WPM 218
18.2.4 AHP and its Versions . 218
18.2.5 TOPSIS Method . 219
References 219
19 Geometric Moldability Analysis of Parts . 221
19.1 Introduction 221
19.2 Example . 224
19.2.1 GTMA . 225
19.2.2 SAW Method . 226
19.2.3 AHP Method 226
19.2.4 TOPSIS Method . 227
19.2.5 Modified TOPSIS Method . 228
19.3 General Remarks 228
References 228
20 Evaluation of Metal Stamping Layouts 231
20.1 Introduction 231
20.2 Example . 233
20.2.1 Application of GTMA . 234
20.2.2 SAW Method . 236
20.2.3 WPM 236
20.2.4 AHP and its Versions . 237
20.2.5 TOPSIS Method . 238
20.2.6 Modified TOPSIS Method . 238
References 239
21 Selection of Forging Conditions for Forging a Given Component . 243
21.1 Introduction 243
21.2 Example . 248
21.2.1 GTMA . 248
21.2.2 SAW Method . 249
21.2.3 WPM 250
21.2.4 AHP Method 250
21.2.5 TOPSIS Method . 250
21.2.6 Modified TOPSIS Method . 251
References 251
22 Evaluation of Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing
Programs . 255
22.1 Introduction 255
22.2 Example . 257Contents xvii
22.2.1 GTMA . 258
22.2.2 SAW Method . 259
22.2.3 AHP and its Versions . 260
22.2.4 TOPSIS Method . 260
22.2.5 Modified TOPSIS Method . 261
References 262
23 Environmental Impact Assessment of Manufacturing Processes 265
23.1 Introduction 265
23.2 Example . 268
23.2.1 GTMA . 270
23.2.2 AHP Method 271
23.2.3 TOPSIS Method . 272
23.2.4 Modified TOPSIS Method . 274
References 274
24 Evaluation of Aggregate Risk in Green Manufacturing . 277
24.1 Introduction 277
24.2 Example . 280
24.2.1 GTMA . 280
24.2.2 AHP Method 281
24.2.3 TOPSIS Method . 282
24.2.4 Modified TOPSIS Method . 282
References 283
25 Selection of Best Product End-of-Life Scenario . 285
25.1 Introduction 285
25.2 Example . 288
25.2.1 GTMA . 289
25.2.2 SAW Method 290
25.2.3 WPM 290
25.2.4 TOPSIS Method . 291
25.2.5 Modified TOPSIS Method . 291
25.2.6 Compromise Ranking Method (VIKOR) . 292
References 292
26 Integrated Project Evaluation and Selection . 295
26.1 Introduction 295
26.2 Example . 299
26.2.1 WPM 301
26.2.2 TOPSIS Method . 301
26.2.3 Modified TOPSIS Method . 302
References 303
27 Facility Location Selection . 305
27.1 Introduction 305
27.2 Examples 306xviii Contents
27.2.1 Example 1 306
27.2.1.1 GTMA 306
27.2.1.2 SAW Method 308
27.2.1.3 WPM 308
27.2.1.4 AHP and its Versions . 309
27.2.1.5 TOPSIS Method . 309
27.2.1.6 Modified TOPSIS Method . 310
27.2.2 Example 2 310
27.2.2.1 GTMA 311
27.2.2.2 AHP and its Versions . 312
References 312
28 Operational Performance Evaluation of Competing Companies . 315
28.1 Introduction 315
28.2 Example . 316
28.2.1 Application of GTMA . 317
28.2.2 SAW Method . 318
28.2.3 WPM 318
28.2.4 AHP and its Versions . 318
28.2.5 TOPSIS Method . 319
28.2.6 Modified TOPSIS Method . 319
References 319
29 Vendor Selection in a Supply Chain Environment 321
29.1 Introduction 321
29.2 Example 1 323
29.2.1 GTMA . 324
29.2.2 TOPSIS Method . 326
29.3 Genetic Algorithms 329
29.4 Proposed Methodology 330
29.5 Example 2 331
29.6 General Remarks 336
References 337
30 Group Decision Making in the Manufacturing Environment 341
30.1 Introduction 341
30.2 Example . 342
30.2.1 Application of GTMA . 343
30.2.2 SAW Method . 344
30.2.3 WPM 344
30.2.4 TOPSIS Method . 345
30.2.5 Modified TOPSIS Method . 345
30.3 General Remarks 345
References 346
Appendix Computer Codes . 347
Index
Index
Aggregate risk 4, 277-283
AHP
Automated inspection 4, 181-186
CAD/CAM 3, 125, 136
CNC 3, 125, 141, 146, 147, 149-152,
166, 167
Compromise ranking method
6, 36, 63, 134, 206, 292
Computer codes 347
Cutting fluid 4, 8, 25, 81, 82, 97-
114, 150, 256
Decision making
ECM 117, 121, 255-262
End-of-life 4, 68, 255, 266, 285-
288, 293
Environmental impact assessment
4, 265, 266, 271, 273, 274, 293,
295, 299, 300
Facility location 4, 305-315
Failure cause analysis 4, 25, 149,
152-154, 159, 162, 164, 165, 167
Flexible manufacturing cell 4, 25, 139-
144, 146, 148
Flexible manufacturing system
FMS
Forging 4, 243-253
Fuzzy MADM
Fuzzy multiple attribute decision making
Graph theory
Green manufacturing
Index
GTMA
LCA
Life cycle
Machinability
MADM
Manufacturing
Material handling 4, 125, 141, 187-195
Material selection
Matrix approach
MCDM
Metal stamping layout 4, 231, 232, 239,
241
Modern machining methods 4, 115
Modified TOPSIS method
Moldability
Multiple attribute decision making
NTMP 115-123
Performance evaluation
5, 7, 81, 113, 114, 182, 315, 323
Product design
Project evaluation 4, 295, 299, 302-304
Project selection 210, 213, 214, 295-
301, 303, 304
Rapid prototyping 4, 197-200, 206, 207
Robot 4, 169-179, 342-346
Robotics 3, 25, 147, 179, 207
SAW
Scenario
Software
TOPSIS 6, 32, 34, 36, 40, 55, 61, 62,
Index 373
Vendor selection 5, 321-329, 331, 332,
336-339
VIKOR 6, 36, 37, 40, 41, 63, 134, 206,
292
Welding process 4, 215-220
WPM
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