Copper Tube Handbook

اسم المؤلف

غير معروف

التاريخ

22 مايو 2023

التصنيف

هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى

المشاهدات

286

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Copper Tube Handbook
Industry Standard Guide for the Design and Installation of Copper Piping Systems
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 7
UNDERSTANDING COPPER TUBE

1. STANDARD TUBES 9
   Types of Copper Tube 9
   Tube Properties 9
   Identification of Copper Tube 9
   Introduction To Copper Tube, Piping and Fittings 10
2. SELECTING THE RIGHT TUBE FOR THE JOB 11
   Advantages of Copper Tube 11
   Minimum Recommendations for Various Applications 11
3. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION DATA 13
   Pressure System Sizing 13
   Pressure Ratings and Burst Strength 15
   Drainage Plumbing Systems 17
   Copper Tube for Heating Systems 19
   Ground Source Heat Pumps 20
   Nonflammable Medical Gas Piping Systems 20
   Medical Gas Copper Installation 21
   Snow Melting Systems 22
   Irrigation and Agricultural Sprinkler Systems 22
   Solar Energy Systems 22
   Copper-Iron Alloy Tube and Fittings for High Pressure HVAC/R Applications 23
   General Considerations 25
   WORKING WITH COPPER TUBE
4. BENDING 30
   Bending Copper Tube 30
   TABLE 4.1. Bending Guide for Copper Tube 30
5. JOINING METHODS 32
   Solder or Brazed Joints 32
   No-flame Joints 32
   Additional Joining Methods 32
6. FITTINGS, SOLDERS, FLUXES 33
   Fittings 33
   Solders 33
   Fluxes 34
7. SOLDERED JOINTS 35
   Measuring and Cutting 35
   Reaming 36
   Cleaning 36
   Applying Flux 37
   Assembly and Support 38
   Heating 38
   Applying Solder 39
   Cooling and Cleaning 40
   Testing 40
   Soldering Preparation 41
   Soldering and Brazing Copper Alloy Flanges 41
   Fluxing & Soldering Techniques 41
   Soldering of No-Lead Copper Alloy Fittings, Valves & Components 41
8. BRAZED JOINTS 42
   Brazing Filler Metals 42
   Fluxes 42
   Assembly 43
   Applying Heat and Brazing 43
   Horizontal and Vertical Joints 43
   Removing Residue 44
   General Hints and Suggestions 44
   Brazing Copper Tube 44
   Testing 44
   Purging 44
   How to Braze Threaded Copper Adapters 44
9. FLARED JOINTS 45
   How-To: Use Flare Joints for Copper 46
10. ROLL GROOVE JOINTS 47
    Preliminary Requirements 47
    Installation Steps 47
    Testing 49
11. PRESS-CONNECT JOINTS 50
    Preliminary Requirements 50
    Installation Steps 51
    Press-Connect Joints for HVACR Applications 53
    Testing 54
12. PUSH-CONNECT JOINTS 55
    Preliminary Requirements 55
    Installation Steps 56
    Testing 58
13. MECHANICALLY FORMED EXTRUDED OUTLETS 59
    Preliminary Requirements 59
    Installation Steps 60
    Testing 63
    Solderless Fittings 63
    TECHNICAL DATA
14. TABLES AND FIGURES 65
    TABLE 14.1. Copper Tube: Types, Standards, Applications, Tempers, Lengths 65
    TABLE 14.2A. Dimensions and Physical Characteristics of Copper Tube: Type K 66
    TABLE 14.2B. Dimensions and Physical Characteristics of Copper Tube: Type L 67
    TABLE 14.2C. Dimensions and Physical Characteristics of Copper Tube: Type M 68
    TABLE 14.2D. Dimensions and Physical Characteristics of Copper Tube: DWV 69
    TABLE 14.2E. Dimensions and Physical Characteristics of Copper Tube: ACR 70
    TABLE 14.2F. Dimensons and Physical Characteristics of Copper Tube: Medical Gas, K and L 71
    TABLE 14.3A. Calculated Rated Internal Working Pressures for Copper Tube: Type K 72
    TABLE 14.3B. Calculated Rated Internal Working Pressure for Copper Tube: Type L 73
    TABLE 14.3C. Calculated Rated Internal Working Pressure for Copper Tube: Type M 74
    TABLE 14.3D. Calculated Rated Internal Working Pressure for Copper Tube: DWV 75
    TABLE 14.3E. Calculated Rated Internal Working Pressure for Copper Tube: ACR 76
    TABLE 14.4A. Pressure-Temperature Ratings of Soldered and Brazed Joints 77
    TABLE 14.4B. Pressure-Temperature Ratings of No-flame Joints 78
    TABLE 14.5. Actual Burst Pressures Types K, L and M Copper Water Tube 79
    TABLE 14.6. Pressure Loss of Water Due to Friction in Types K, L and M Copper Tube 80
    TABLE 14.6. Pressure Loss of Water Due to Friction in Types K, L and M Copper Tube 81
    TABLE 14.7. Pressure Loss in Fittings and Valves Expressed as Equivalent Length of Tube 82
    TABLE 14.7A. Pressure Loss in HVACR Elbows Expressed as Equivalent Length of Tube 83
    TABLE 14.8. Radii of Coiled Expansion Loops and Developed Lengths of Expansion Offsets 84
    TABLE 14.9. Dimensions of Solder Joint Ends for Wrought Pressure Fittings 85
    TABLE 14.10. Solder Requirements for Solder Joint Pressure Fittings 86
    TABLE 14.11. Typical Brazing Filler Metal Consumption 87
    TABLE 14.12. Filler Metals for Brazing 88
    FIGURE 14.1. Collapse Pressure of Copper Tube, Types K, L and M 89
    FIGURE 14.2. Expansion vs. Temperature Change for Copper Tube 90
    FIGURE 14.3 Coiled Expansion Loops and Expansion Offsets 91
    FIGURE 14.4. Selected Pressure Fittings 92
    FIGURE 14.5. Dimensions of Solder Joint Fitting Ends 93
    FIGURE 14.6. Melting Temperature Ranges for Copper and Copper Alloys, Brazing Filler Metals, Brazing Flux and Solders 94
    FIGURE 14.7. Brazing Flux Recommendations 95

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