A Heat Transfer Textbook
اسم المؤلف
John H. Lienhard Iv , John H. Lienhard V
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A Heat Transfer Textbook
Third Edition
John H. Lienhard Iv , John H. Lienhard V
Contents
I the General Problem of Heat Exchange 1
1 Introduction 3
1.1 Heat Transfer . 3
1.2 Relation of Heat Transfer to Thermodynamics 6
1.3 Modes of Heat Transfer . 10
1.4 a Look Ahead . 35
1.5 Problems 36
Problems 37
References . 46
2 Heat Conduction Concepts, Thermal Resistance, and the Overall
Heat Transfer Coefficient 49
2.1 the Heat Diffusion Equation . 49
2.2 Solutions of the Heat Diffusion Equation 58
2.3 Thermal Resistance and the Electrical Analogy . 62
2.4 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient, U 78
2.5 Summary 86
Problems 86
References . 96
3 Heat Exchanger Design 99
3.1 Function and Configuration of Heat Exchangers 99
3.2 Evaluation of the Mean Temperature Difference in a Heat
Exchanger 103
3.3 Heat Exchanger Effectiveness 120
3.4 Heat Exchanger Design 126
Problems 129
References . 136
Viiviii Contents
Ii Analysis of Heat Conduction 139
4 Analysis of Heat Conduction and Some Steady One-dimensional
Problems 141
4.1 the Well-posed Problem 141
4.2 the General Solution . 143
4.3 Dimensional Analysis . 150
4.4 an Illustration of Dimensional Analysis in a Complex Steady
Conduction Problem . 159
4.5 Fin Design 163
Problems 183
References . 190
5 Transient and Multidimensional Heat Conduction 193
5.1 Introduction 193
5.2 Lumped-capacity Solutions 194
5.3 Transient Conduction in a One-dimensional Slab . 203
5.4 Temperature-response Charts 208
5.5 One-term Solutions 218
5.6 Transient Heat Conduction to a Semi-infinite Region . 220
5.7 Steady Multidimensional Heat Conduction 235
5.8 Transient Multidimensional Heat Conduction 247
Problems 252
References . 265
Iii Convective Heat Transfer 267
6 Laminar and Turbulent Boundary Layers 269
6.1 Some Introductory Ideas 269
6.2 Laminar Incompressible Boundary Layer on a Flat Surface 276
6.3 the Energy Equation . 292
6.4 the Prandtl Number and the Boundary Layer Thicknesses 296
6.5 Heat Transfer Coefficient for Laminar, Incompressible Flow
Over a Flat Surface . 300
6.6 the Reynolds Analogy 311
6.7 Turbulent Boundary Layers 313
6.8 Heat Transfer in Turbulent Boundary Layers . 322
Problems 330
References . 338contents Ix
7 Forced Convection in a Variety of Configurations 341
7.1 Introduction 341
7.2 Heat Transfer to and From Laminar Flows in Pipes 342
7.3 Turbulent Pipe Flow 355
7.4 Heat Transfer Surface Viewed as a Heat Exchanger 367
7.5 Heat Transfer Coefficients for Noncircular Ducts 370
7.6 Heat Transfer During Cross Flow Over Cylinders . 374
7.7 Other Configurations . 384
Problems 386
References . 393
8 Natural Convection in Single-phase Fluids and During Film
Condensation 397
8.1 Scope . 397
8.2 the Nature of the Problems of Film Condensation and of
Natural Convection . 398
8.3 Laminar Natural Convection on a Vertical Isothermal
Surface 401
8.4 Natural Convection in Other Situations . 416
8.5 Film Condensation . 428
Problems 443
References . 452
9 Heat Transfer in Boiling and Other Phase-change Configurations 457
9.1 Nukiyama’s Experiment and the Pool Boiling Curve . 457
9.2 Nucleate Boiling . 464
9.3 Peak Pool Boiling Heat Flux 472
9.4 Film Boiling 486
9.5 Minimum Heat Flux . 488
9.6 Transition Boiling and System Influences . 489
9.7 Forced Convection Boiling in Tubes 496
9.8 Forced Convective Condensation Heat Transfer . 505
9.9 Dropwise Condensation . 506
9.10 the Heat Pipe . 509
Problems 513
References . 517x Contents
Iv Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer 523
10 Radiative Heat Transfer 525
10.1 the Problem of Radiative Exchange 525
10.2 Kirchhoff’s Law 533
10.3 Radiant Heat Exchange Between Two Finite Black Bodies . 536
10.4 Heat Transfer Among Gray Bodies . 549
10.5 Gaseous Radiation . 563
10.6 Solar Energy 574
Problems 584
References . 592
V Mass Transfer 595
11 an Introduction to Mass Transfer 597
11.1 Introduction 597
11.2 Mixture Compositions and Species Fluxes . 600
11.3 Diffusion Fluxes and Fick’s Law . 608
11.4 Transport Properties of Mixtures . 614
11.5 the Equation of Species Conservation 627
11.6 Mass Transfer at Low Rates . 635
11.7 Steady Mass Transfer With Counterdiffusion . 648
11.8 Mass Transfer Coefficients at High Rates of Mass Transfer . 654
11.9 Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer 663
Problems 673
References . 686
Vi Appendices 689
A Some Thermophysical Properties of Selected Materials 691
References . 694
B Units and Conversion Factors 721
References . 722
C Nomenclature 725
Citation Index 733
Subject Index
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