What Every Engineer Should Know about Developing Real-Time Embedded Products
سلسلة مايجب على كل مهندس معرفته عن
What Every Engineer Should Know about Developing Real-Time Embedded Products
Kim R. Fowler
Contents
What Every Engineer Should Know: Series Statement xv
Preface xvii
Author xix
Acknowledgments . xx
List of Abbreviations. xxi
1 Development Processes 1
1.1 Introduction . 1
1.2 Concept and Market 5
1.3 People and Disciplines 7
1.4 Architecting and Architecture 8
1.5 Phases of a Project 16
1.6 Scheduling. 19
1.7 Documentation 21
1.8 Requirements and Standards . 24
1.9 Analysis . 30
1.10 Design Trade-Offs . 31
1.11 Tests . 38
1.12 Integration. 42
1.13 Manufacturing . 44
1.14 Support 45
1.15 Disposal . 47
1.16 Liability 48
1.17 Priorities . 49
1.18 Summary 49
References 50
2 Variations on the Theme—Considerations for Mission-Critical
Equipment and Medical Devices 53
2.1 Development Processes . 53
2.2 People and Disciplines 55
2.3 Architecting and Architecture 55
2.4 Phases . 61
2.5 Scheduling. 65
2.6 Documentation 66
2.7 Requirements and Standards . 66
2.8 Analysis . 70
2.9 Design Trade-Offs . 752.10 Tests . 84
2.11 Integration . 86
2.12 Manufacturing . 90
2.13 Support 90
2.14 Disposal . 93
2.15 Liability 93
2.16 Priorities . 93
2.17 Summary 94
References 94
3 Tools of the Trade 97
3.1 Introduction . 97
3.2 Tools for Estimation and Feasibility 97
3.3 Tools for Project Control 102
3.4 Tools for Design . 104
3.5 Laboratory Equipment 106
References 109
4 Case Study 1—Major Appliances 111
4.1 Concept and Market 111
4.2 People and Disciplines 113
4.3 Architecting and Architecture 113
4.4 Phases . 115
4.5 Scheduling . 115
4.6 Documentation 115
4.7 Requirements and Standards . 116
4.8 Analysis . 116
4.9 Design Trade-Offs . 116
4.10 Tests . 119
4.11 Integration . 119
4.12 Manufacturing . 119
4.13 Support 120
4.14 Disposal . 121
4.15 Liability 121
4.16 Summary 121
Acknowledgment . 121
5 Case Study 2—Telecom Products 123
5.1 Concept and Market 123
5.2 People and Disciplines 125
5.3 Architecting and Architecture 125
5.4 Phases . 127
5.5 Scheduling . 128
5.6 Documentation 128
5.7 Requirements and Standards . 130
5.8 Analysis . 131
viii Contents5.9 Design Trade-Offs . 131
5.10 Tests . 133
5.11 Integration . 134
5.12 Manufacturing . 135
5.13 Support 137
5.14 Disposal . 138
5.15 Liability 139
5.16 Summary 139
Acknowledgments 139
6 Case Study 3—Commercial Laboratory Equipment 141
6.1 Concept and Market 141
6.2 People and Disciplines 143
6.3 Architecting and Architecture 144
6.4 Phases . 147
6.5 Scheduling . 156
6.6 Documentation 156
6.7 Requirements and Standards . 158
6.8 Analysis . 159
6.9 Design Trade-Offs . 160
6.10 Tests . 165
6.11 Integration . 166
6.12 Manufacturing . 166
6.13 Support 168
6.14 Disposal . 168
6.15 Liability 168
6.16 Summary 169
Acknowledgment . 169
References 169
7 Case Study 4—Automobile Engine Controller 171
7.1 Concept and Market 171
7.2 People and Disciplines 173
7.3 Architecting and Architecture 173
7.4 Phases . 176
7.5 Scheduling . 176
7.6 Documentation 177
7.7 Requirements and Standards . 177
7.8 Analysis . 179
7.9 Design Trade-Offs . 179
7.10 Tests . 182
7.11 Integration . 183
7.12 Manufacturing . 183
7.13 Support 184
7.14 Disposal . 185
7.15 Liability 185
Contents ix7.16 Summary 187
Acknowledgments 187
References 188
8 Case Study 5—Industrial Flowmeter 189
8.1 Concept and Market 189
8.2 People and Disciplines 190
8.3 Architecting and Architecture 191
8.4 Phases . 192
8.5 Scheduling . 193
8.6 Documentation 193
8.7 Requirements and Standards . 194
8.8 Analysis . 194
8.9 Design Trade-Offs . 194
8.10 Tests . 199
8.11 Integration . 199
8.12 Manufacturing . 199
8.13 Support 200
8.14 Disposal . 201
8.15 Liability 201
8.16 Summary 202
Acknowledgment . 202
9 Case Study 6—Military Support Equipment 203
9.1 Concept and Market 203
9.2 People and Disciplines 206
9.3 Architecting and Architecture 207
9.4 Phases . 208
9.5 Scheduling . 210
9.6 Documentation 210
9.7 Requirements and Standards . 211
9.8 Analysis . 211
9.9 Design Trade-Offs . 212
9.10 Tests . 215
9.11 Integration . 217
9.12 Manufacturing . 217
9.13 Support 218
9.14 Disposal . 218
9.15 Liability 218
9.16 Summary 218
Acknowledgment . 219
Reference . 219
10 Case Study 7—Designing Instruments for
Space Flight . 221
10.1 Concept and Market 221
x Contents10.2 People and Disciplines 222
10.3 Architecting and Architecture 223
10.4 Phases . 224
10.5 Scheduling and Estimating . 229
10.6 Documentation 230
10.7 Requirements and Standards . 235
10.8 Analysis . 236
10.9 Design Trade-Offs . 239
10.10 Tests . 244
10.11 Integration . 245
10.12 Manufacturing and Fabrication . 250
10.13 Support 260
10.14 Disposal . 260
10.15 Liability 261
10.16 Summary 261
Acknowledgments 261
References 262
11 Case Study 8—Aerospace Video Processor 263
11.1 Concept and Market 263
11.2 People and Disciplines 265
11.3 Architecting and Architecture 265
11.4 Phases . 267
11.5 Scheduling . 269
11.6 Documentation 269
11.7 Requirements and Standards . 271
11.8 Analysis . 272
11.9 Design Trade-Offs . 272
11.10 Tests . 274
11.11 Integration . 275
11.12 Manufacturing . 275
11.13 Support 276
11.14 Disposal . 276
11.15 Liability 276
11.16 Summary 277
Acknowledgment . 277
12 Case Study 9—Satellite Subsystem 279
12.1 Concept and Market 279
12.2 People and Disciplines 280
12.3 Architecting and Architecture 281
12.4 Phases . 282
12.5 Scheduling and Estimating . 283
12.6 Documentation 283
12.7 Requirements and Standards . 288
12.8 Analysis . 289
Contents xi12.9 Design Trade-Offs . 289
12.10 Tests . 299
12.11 Integration . 299
12.12 Manufacturing and Fabrication . 300
12.13 Support 300
12.14 Disposal . 300
12.15 Liability 301
12.16 Summary 301
Acknowledgments 301
References 301
13 Case Study 10—Programmer for Implanted Stimulators . 303
13.1 Concept and Market 303
13.2 People and Disciplines 306
13.3 Architecting and Architecture 307
13.4 Phases . 309
13.5 Scheduling . 311
13.6 Documentation 311
13.7 Requirements and Standards . 313
13.8 Analysis . 316
13.9 Design Trade-Offs . 323
13.10 Tests . 327
13.11 Integration . 328
13.12 Manufacturing . 328
13.13 Support 329
13.14 Disposal . 329
13.15 Liability 329
13.16 Summary 330
References 331
14 Case Study 11—Implanted Medical Devices 333
14.1 Concept and Market 333
14.2 People and Disciplines 334
14.3 Architecting and Architecture 338
14.4 Phases . 342
14.5 Scheduling . 349
14.6 Documentation 349
14.7 Requirements and Standards . 354
14.8 Analysis . 359
14.9 Design Trade-Offs . 361
14.10 Tests . 367
14.11 Integration . 370
14.12 Manufacturing . 371
14.13 Support 373
14.14 Disposal . 373
14.15 Liability 374
xii Contents14.16 Summary 374
Acknowledgment . 375
References 375
15 Summary Comparisons Across the 11 Case Studies 377
15.1 Comparing the Case Studies 377
15.2 Market . 378
15.3 People and Disciplines 379
15.4 Architecting and Architecture 380
15.5 Scheduling . 381
15.6 Documentation and Processes 381
15.7 Requirements and Standards . 382
15.8 Analyses . 383
15.9 Design Trade-Offs . 383
15.10 Test and Integration . 390
15.11 Manufacturing . 390
15.12 Support and Service . 391
15.13 Liability 392
16 Some Observations on Architectural Trade-Offs
in Selected Real-Time Systems . 393
16.1 Some Thoughts 393
16.2 Indicating System for a Parking Garage 393
16.3 Data Acquisition System for Biological Monitoring 404
16.4 Gun Fuzing System . 407
16.5 Summary 411
References 412
17 Some Observations about Consumer Appliances 413
17.1 Concept and Market 413
17.2 Product Teardown Summaries 414
17.3 Coffeemaker Teardown . 414
17.4 Remote Control Teardown 428
17.5 Hobbies, Arts, and Crafts . 432
17.6 Common Appliance Problems 434
17.7 Summary 435
References 438
18 Some Observations about User Interfaces 439
18.1 Why Are User Interfaces so Important? 439
18.2 Basic Principles for User Interfaces . 439
18.3 Vending Machine faux pas . 441
18.4 Appliance Display faux pas 442
18.5 Remote Control faux pas 444
18.6 Boombox faux pas 446
18.7 Handheld Chemical Agent Sensors 446
Contents xiii18.8 Summary 452
References 453
Index
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