Loading...Welding Theory, Practice, Apparatus And Tests
ELECTRIC, THERMIT AND HOT-FLAME PROCESSES
RICHARD N. HART, B. S.
CONTENTS
PAGE
Preface
Definitions and introduction xi
Theories of welding xiv
The Metals
Iron I
Malleable ron … i
How to weld iron 2
Points in practice 3
Welding fires 4
Causes of poor welds 6
Effect of impurities 8
Tests of smith welds 12
Conclusions 15
Platinum – Descriptive and historical – Welding, including iridium and osmium 15
Gold – Descriptive – Welding and soldering 18
SUver – Descriptive – Welding and soldering 19
Aluminium – Descriptive – Solders – Welding processes – Conclusion 20
Copper – Descriptive – Welding 25
Nickel – Descriptive – Welding 27
Welded products 28
Wrought-iron pipe 29
Chain making 29
Miscellaneous 30
Electric Welding
General 33
The La Grange-Hoho process 34
The Zerener electric blowpipe 34
viiVlll CONTENTS
PAGE
The Bernardos arc-welding process 35
Apparatus and current: Generator – Table, switches, controlling apparatus, carbon – Workman’s protective apparatus 38
Practice 40
Cutting metals with electric arc 41
The Thomson process 42
Apparatus and current: Generator – Transformer – Regulating apparatus – Clamps 43
Practice 54
Adaptability – Locomotive flue-welder 59
Rail welding 66
Electric resistance heater 69
Tests 70
Hot-flame Welding
The Oxy-acetylene process 73
General
Apparatus and gases: The torch – Electrolysis of water
Storage oxygen – Oxygenite – Oxygen from chlorate – Acetylene – The acetylene generator – Dissolved acetylene . . 75
Practice – The flame 96
How to weld
Adaptability loi
Typical welds and repairs: Repairing cracks, steamer “Eugene
Periere” of the French Line – Repairing corroded plates
plates on the “Cholon.” 102
Acetylene welding versus riveting 106
Repairing defective castings 108
How to cut metals 109
Costs 112
Chemistry and thermics 113
Testing 115
The Oxy-hydrogen process 115
General 115
Apparatus – The flame 116
Thermit
The Thermit process 121
General – History 121
Apparatus and rail welding – Crucible – ISIold 123CONTENTS ix
PAGE
Practice – Setting the pieces – Cleaning the pieces – Preheating – Safe-guarding the mold – Amount of thermit – The
reaction – After pouring – Nickel addition – Titanium addition 131
Butt-welding of pipes 137
Mending defective castings 141
Thermit in foundry practice – ^Poling – Adaptability …. 142
Typical welds – ^Repair of the “Betsy Ann” – Repair of the
steamship “Corunna” – Weld on electric motor shaft . 146
Chemistry and thermics – ^Heat of reaction 152
Testing – Tests Nos. 1-6 155
The Lafitte welding plate 158
The Ferrofix brazing process . 160
Brazing and soldering 165
Glossary of terms
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