Loading...Welding Science and Technology
Md. Ibrahim Khan
B.Sc. Engg. (Mech.), M.E. (Prod.),
Ph.D., F.I.E.
Prof, and Head, Mechanical Engineering
Department Faculty of Engineering
Integral University, Lucknow
Contents
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1 INTRODUCTION TO WELDING TECHNOLOGY
1.1 Definition and Classification
1.2 Conditions for Obtaining Satisfactory Welds
1.3 Importance of Welding And Its Applications
1.4 Selection of a Welding Process
1.5 Welding Quality and Performance
2 REVIEW OF CONVENTIONAL WELDING PROCESSES
2.1 Gas Welding
2.2 Arc Welding
2.3 Resistance Welding
2.4 Solid Phase Welding
2.5 High Energy Density Welding Processes
3 WELDING SCIENCE
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Characteristics of Welding Power Sources
3.3 Arc Welding Power Supply Equipments
3.4 Welding Power-source Selection Criteria
3.5 Welding Energy Input
3.6 Energy Sources For Welding
3.7 Arc Characteristics
3.8 Metal Transfer and Melting Rates
3.9 Welding Parameters and Their Effects
4 SHIELDED METAL ARC (SMA) WELDING
4.1 Principle of Operation
4.2 Welding Current (A.C. Vs. D.C.)
4.3 Covered Electrodes
Mild Steel and Low-alloy Steel Electrodes
Welding Electrodes Specification Sytems .
5 THERMAL AND METALLURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN WELDING.. 97-122
5.1 General Metallurgy
5.2 Welding Metallurgy
5.3 Thermal and Mechanical Treatment of Welds
5.4 Residual Stress and Distortion in Welds
6 ANALYTICAL AND MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS
6.1 Heat Input to the Weld
6.2 Relation between Weld Cross-section and Energy Input
6.3 The Heat Input Rate
6.4 Heat Flow Equations— A Practical Application
6.5 Width of Heat Affected Zone
6.6 Cooling Rates
6.7 Contact-Resistance Heat Source
7 WELDING OF MATERIALS
7.1 Welding of Cast Irons
7.2 Welding of Aluminium and its Alloys
7.3 Welding of Low Carbon HY Pipe Steels
7.4 Welding of Stainless Steels
7.5 Welding of Dissimilar Metals
7.6 Hard Surfacing and Cladding
8 WELDING PROCEDURE AND PROCESS PLANNING
8.1 Welding Symbols
8.2 Welding Procedure Sheets
8.3 Welding Procedure
8.4 Joint Preparations for Fusion Welding
8.5 Welding Positions
Summary Chart
8.7 Welding Procedure Sheets
Submerged Arc Welding Procedure Sheets
8.9 Welding Procedure for MIG/C02 Welding
9 WELD QUALITY
9.1 Undercuts
Cracks
9.3 Porosity
9.4 Slag Inclusion
9.5 Lack of Fusion
9.6 Lack of Penetration
Faulty Weld Size and Profile
Corrosion of Welds
Corrosion Testing of Welded Joints
10 TESTING AND INSPECTION OF WELDS
10.1 Tensile Properties
10.2 Bend Tests
10.3 Non-destructive Inspection of Welds
11 WELDING OF PIPELINES AND PIPING
11.1 Piping
11.2 Joint Design
11.3 Backing Rings
11.4 Heat Treatment
11.5 Offshore Pipework
11.6 Pipelines (Cross-country)
11.7 Pipeline Welding
12 LIFE PREDICTION OF WELDED STRUCTURES
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Residual Life Assessment of Welded Structures
12.3 Involvement of External Agencies in FFS and RLA .
12.4 Nature of Damage in Service
12.5 Inspection Techniques Applied for FFS/RLA Studies
12.6 Weld Failure
13 WELDING OF PLASTICS
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Hot Air Welding of PVC Plastics
13.3 Welding Action
13.4 Equipment
13.5 Testing of Joints
14 WELDING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD 241-267
14.1 Parallel Magnetic Field
14.2 Transverse Magnetic Field ..
14.3 Longitudinal Magnetic Field
14.4 Improvement of Weld Characteristics by the Application of Magnetic Field … 243
14.5 Magnetic Impelled Arc Welding
15 FUNDAMENTALS OF UNDERWATER WELDING-ART AND SCIENCE . 246-247
15.1 Comparison of Underwater and Normal Air Welding
15.2 Welding Procedure
15.3 Types of Underwater Welding
15.4 Underwater Wet Welding Process Development
15.5 Developments in Underwater Welding
15.6 Characteristics Desired in Electrodes for MMA Wet-Welding
15.7 Polarity
15.8 Salinity of Sea Water
15.9 Weld Shape Characteristics
15.10 Microstructure of Underwater Welds
15.11 New Developments
15.12 Summary
15.13 Possible Future Developments
REFERENCES 268-272
INDEX 273-278
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