Vibration Damping, Control, and Design

Vibration Damping, Control, and Design
Edited by
Clarence W. de Silva
The University of British Columbia
Vancouver, Canada
Table of Contents
1 Vibration Damping Clarence W. de Silva . 1-1
1.1 Introduction 1-1
1.2 Types of Damping 1-2
1.3 Representation of Damping in Vibration Analysis . 1-9
1.4 Measurement of Damping . 1-16
1.5 Interface Damping 1-26
2 Damping Theory Randall D. Peters . 2-1
2.1 Preface . 2-2
2.2 Introduction 2-4
2.3 Background . 2-12
2.4 Hysteresis — More Details 2-19
2.5 Damping Models 2-20
2.6 Measurements of Damping . 2-23
2.7 Hysteretic Damping . 2-27
2.8 Failure of the Common Theory 2-29
2.9 Air Influence . 2-30
2.10 Noise and Damping . 2-31
2.11 Transform Methods 2-34
2.12 Hysteretic Damping . 2-36
2.13 Internal Friction . 2-41
2.14 Mathematical Tricks — Linear Damping Approximations 2-43
2.15 Internal Friction Physics 2-44
2.16 Zener Model . 2-45
2.17 Toward a Universal Model of Damping . 2-48
2.18 Nonlinearity 2-58
2.19 Concluding Remark . 2-65
3 Experimental Techniques in Damping Randall D. Peters 3-1
3.1 Electronic Considerations 3-2
3.2 Data Processing 3-3
3.3 Sensor Choices 3-7
3.4 Damping Examples 3-8
3.5 Driven Oscillators with Damping . 3-19
3.6 Oscillator with Multiple Nonlinearities . 3-21
xiii
by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC3.7 Multiple Modes of Vibration 3-24
3.8 Internal Friction as Source of Mechanical Noise 3-28
3.9 Viscous Damping — Need for Caution . 3-29
3.10 Air Influence . 3-31
4 Structure and Equipment Isolation Y.B. Yang, L.Y. Lu, and J.D. Yau 4-1
4.1 Introduction 4-2
4.2 Mechanisms of Base-Isolated Systems 4-4
4.3 Structure–Equipment Systems with Elastomeric Bearings 4-9
4.4 Sliding Isolation Systems . 4-17
4.5 Sliding Isolation Systems with Resilient Mechanism 4-36
4.6 Issues Related to Seismic Isolation Design 4-50
5 Vibration Control Nader Jalili and Ebrahim Esmailzadeh . 5-1
5.1 Introduction 5-1
5.2 Vibration-Control Systems Concept . 5-4
5.3 Vibration-Control Systems Design and Implementation . 5-12
5.4 Practical Considerations and Related Topics . 5-38
6 Helicopter Rotor Tuning Kourosh Danai 6-1
6.1 Introduction 6-1
6.2 Neural Network-Based Tuning 6-4
6.3 Probability-Based Tuning 6-5
6.4 Adaptive Tuning . 6-8
6.5 Case Study . 6-12
6.6 Conclusion 6-17
7 Vibration Design and Control Clarence W. de Silva 7-1
7.1 Introduction 7-2
7.2 Specification of Vibration Limits 7-3
7.3 Vibration Isolation . 7-5
7.4 Balancing of Rotating Machinery . 7-15
7.5 Balancing of Reciprocating Machines 7-26
7.6 Whirling of Shafts 7-33
7.7 Design through Modal Testing 7-39
7.8 Passive Control of Vibration . 7-45
7.9 Active Control of Vibration 7-61
7.10 Control of Beam Vibrations 7-67
Appendix 7A MATLABw Control Systems Toolbox 7-73
8 Structural Dynamic Modification and Sensitivity Analysis Su Huan Chen . 8-1
8.1 Introduction 8-2
8.2 Structural Dynamic Modification of Finite Element Model 8-2
8.3 Perturbation Method of Vibration Modes . 8-4
8.4 Design Sensitivity Analysis of Structural Vibration Modes . 8-8
8.5 High-Accuracy Modal Superposition for Sensitivity Analysis of Modes 8-11
xiv Contents
by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC8.6 Sensitivity of Eigenvectors for Free–Free Structures 8-13
8.7 Matrix Perturbation Theory for Repeated Modes 8-14
8.8 Matrix Perturbation Method for Closely Spaced Eigenvalues . 8-16
8.9 Matrix Perturbation Theory for Complex Modes 8-22
9 Vibration in Rotating Machinery H. Sam Samarasekera 9-1
9.1 Introduction 9-1
9.2 Vibration Basics 9-6
9.3 Rotordynamic Analysis 9-18
9.4 Vibration Measurement and Techniques . 9-39
9.5 Vibration Control and Diagnostics 9-39
10 Regenerative Chatter in Machine Tools Robert G. Landers . 10-1
10.1 Introduction 10-1
10.2 Chatter in Turning Operations . 10-3
10.3 Chatter in Face-Milling Operations 10-9
10.4 Time-Domain Simulation . 10-14
10.5 Chatter Detection . 10-18
10.6 Chatter Suppression . 10-20
10.7 Case Study . 10-24
11 Fluid-Induced Vibration Seon M. Han . 11-1
11.1 Description of the Ocean Environment . 11-1
11.2 Fluid Forces . 11-16
11.3 Examples . 11-23
12 Sound Levels and Decibels S. Akishita 12-1
12.1 Introduction 12-1
12.2 Sound Wave Characteristics 12-1
12.3 Levels and Decibels 12-3
13 Hearing and Psychological Effects S. Akishita 13-1
13.1 Introduction 13-1
13.2 Structure and Function of the Ear 13-1
13.3 Frequency and Loudness Response 13-2
13.4 Hearing Loss . 13-4
13.5 Psychological Effects of Noise . 13-4
14 Noise Control Criteria and Regulations S. Akishita . 14-1
14.1 Introduction 14-1
14.2 Basic Ideas behind Noise Policy 14-1
14.3 Legislation . 14-2
14.4 Regulation . 14-4
14.5 Measures of Noise Evaluation . 14-5
15 Instrumentation Kiyoshi Nagakura 15-1
15.1 Sound Intensity Measurement 15-1
Contents xv
by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC15.2 Mirror–Microphone System . 15-4
15.3 Microphone Array 15-6
16 Source of Noise S. Akishita . 16-1
16.1 Introduction 16-1
16.2 Radiation of Sound 16-1
17 Design of Absorption Teruo Obata 17-1
17.1 Introduction 17-1
17.2 Fundamentals of Sound Absorption 17-2
17.3 Sound-Absorbing Materials . 17-3
17.4 Acoustic Characteristic Computation of
Compound Wall . 17-6
17.5 Attenuation of Lined Ducts . 17-10
17.6 Attenuation of Dissipative Mufflers 17-12
17.7 General Considerations 17-15
17.8 Practical Example of Dissipative Muffler . 17-17
18 Design of Reactive Mufflers Teruo Obata . 18-1
18.1 Introduction 18-1
18.2 Fundamental Equations . 18-2
18.3 Effects of Reactive Mufflers 18-3
18.4 Calculation Procedure 18-5
18.5 Application Range of Model . 18-6
18.6 Practical Example . 18-13
19 Design of Sound Insulation Kiyoshi Okura 19-1
19.1 Theory of Sound Insulation 19-1
19.2 Application of Sound Insulation 19-13
20 Statistical Energy Analysis Takayuki Koizumi . 20-1
20.1 Introduction 20-1
20.2 Power Flow Equations . 20-2
20.3 Estimation of SEA Parameters 20-4
20.4 Application in Structures . 20-7
xvi Contents
by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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