Using Technology to Design ESL/EFL Microlearning Activities

Using Technology to Design ESL/EFL Microlearning Activities
Lucas Kohnke
Contents
1 Microlearning as a Teaching and Learning Approach . 1
1.1 What is Microlearning? 1
1.2 Definition 2
1.3 Microlearning as a Teaching and Learning Approach . 3
1.4 Book Overview . 4
References 4
2 Overview of Technology in Teaching and Learning . 7
2.1 Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) . 7
2.2 Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) . 9
2.3 Theories . 9
2.4 Sociocultural Theory of Learning 10
2.5 Noticing Hypothesis . 10
2.6 Self-regulated Learning 11
2.7 Reflection Questions . 11
2.8 Conclusion . 11
References 12
3 Practical Strategies to Optimize Mobile Microlearning 15
3.1 Practical Strategies 15
3.2 Learner Needs 16
3.3 Medium 16
3.4 Interactivity 17
3.5 Simplicity 17
3.6 Tools and Applications . 18
3.7 Design Principles 19
3.8 Sample Activity . 19
3.9 Conclusion . 20
References 20
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4 Mobile Microlearning: Enhancing Listening, Speaking, Writing,
and Reading Skills 23
4.1 Listening . 23
4.1.1 Listening Activity 1 . 24
4.1.2 Listening Activity 2 . 25
4.1.3 Listening Activity 3 . 26
4.2 Speaking . 27
4.2.1 Speaking Activity 1 . 28
4.2.2 Speaking Activity 2 . 29
4.2.3 Speaking Activity 3 . 30
4.3 Writing 32
4.3.1 Writing Activity 1 . 32
4.3.2 Writing Activity 2 . 33
4.3.3 Writing Activity 3 . 34
4.4 Reading 35
4.4.1 Reading Activity 1 36
4.4.2 Reading Activity 2 37
4.4.3 Reading Activity 3 38
4.5 Collaborative Spaces . 39
4.6 Design Considerations . 39
4.7 Conclusion . 39
References 40
5 Designing Microlearning Activities with Podcasts, Videos,
Infographics, and Flashcards, and Microlearning Activities . 43
5.1 Podcasts . 43
5.1.1 Podcast Platforms and Interactive Questions 43
5.1.2 Sample Activity 1—Podcast 45
5.1.3 Sample Activity 2—Podcast 46
5.2 Videos . 47
5.2.1 Video Platforms and Interactive Questions 48
5.2.2 Sample Activity 1—Videos . 49
5.2.3 Sample Activity 2—Videos . 50
5.3 Infographics 51
5.3.1 Infographic Platforms and Interactive Questions . 52
5.3.2 Sample Activity 1—Infographics 52
5.3.3 Sample Activity 2—Infographics 54
5.4 Flashcards 55
5.4.1 Flashcard Platforms and Interactive Questions . 55
5.4.2 Sample Activity 1—Flashcards . 57
5.4.3 Sample Activity 2—Flashcards . 58
5.5 Reflection Questions . 59
5.6 Conclusion . 59
References 60Contents xi
6 Designing Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Microlearning
Activities . 61
6.1 Introduction 61
6.2 Virtual Reality Platforms . 62
6.2.1 Sample Activity 1—Virtual Reality 62
6.2.2 Sample Activity 2—Virtual Reality 63
6.3 Augmented Reality Platforms . 64
6.3.1 Sample Activity 1—Augmented Reality 65
6.3.2 Sample Activity 2—Augmented Reality 66
6.4 Potential Challenges . 67
6.5 Reflection Questions . 68
6.6 Conclusion . 68
References 68
7 Microlearning with Chatbots . 71
7.1 Introduction to Chatbots 71
7.2 A Brief History of Chatbots . 72
7.3 Chatbots as Facilitators of Language Learning . 73
7.4 Chatbot Platforms . 73
7.5 Existing Chatbots 74
7.6 Suggested Activities for English Language Learning 74
7.6.1 Sample Activity 1—Chatbots . 76
7.6.2 Sample Activity 2—Chatbots . 77
7.7 Reflection Questions . 77
7.8 Conclusion . 78
References 78
8 Microlearning in the Education of the Future 81
8.1 Introduction 81
8.2 Limitations . 82
8.3 Directions for Future Research and Practice . 82
8.4 Concluding Thoughts 83
References 83

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