Tutorial Guide to AutoCAD 2024 – 2D Drawing, 3D Modeling

Tutorial Guide to AutoCAD 2024 – 2D Drawing, 3D Modeling
Shawna Lockhart
BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTSTable of Contents iii
GS-1 Preparing for the Tutorials GS1-1
Introduction to the Tutorials GS1-1
Basic Mouse Techniques GS1-1
Objectives GS1-1
Recognizing Typographical Conventions GS1-2
Creating a Work Folder GS1-4
Installing Data Files for the Tutorials GS1-5
Configuring AutoCAD for the Tutorials GS1-5
User Profiles GS1-8
Backing Up AutoCAD Defaults GS1-11
Customizable Support Files GS1-12
GS-2 AutoCAD® Basics GS2-1
Introduction GS2-1
Starting the AutoCAD 2024 Software GS2-1
Objectives GS2-1
Microsoft Windows Conventions GS2-2
Navigating in Windows GS2-2
Basic Elements of the AutoCAD Graphics Window GS2-2
Minimizing and Restoring an Application GS2-3
Microsoft Windows Multitasking Options GS2-3
Clicking Commands and Menu Options GS2-4
Entering Points GS2-4
Dragging GS2-4
Object Selection GS2-4
AutoCAD Commands and Options GS2-5
Typing Commands GS2-5
Switching the Workspace GS2-6
Using the Ribbon GS2-7
Backing Up and Backing Out of Commands GS2-10
Repeating Commands GS2-10
Working with the Ribbon GS2-10
Working with Dialog Boxes GS2-11
Accessing On-Line Help GS2-13
Working with Documents GS2-14
Exiting an AutoCAD Session GS2-15
GS-3 Studying for the AutoCAD®
Certification Exam G3-1
General Study Tips G3-1
Objectives G3-1
Certification Exam G3-2
In this book G3-2
Certified Associate Exam Categories G3-2
1 Introduction to AutoCAD® 1
Introduction 1
Starting 1
The AutoCAD Screen 1
Objectives 1
The Quick Access Toolbar 5
The Ribbon 6
Showing a Ribbon Panel 8
Canceling Commands 9
Typing Commands 9
Dynamic Entry 10
Starting a New Drawing 12
Naming Drawing Files 13
Working with Multiple Drawings 14
Using Grid 17
Using Zoom 17
Using Snap Mode 18
Drafting Settings 19
Using Line 20
Entering Coordinates 20
Using Absolute Coordinates 20
Drawing Using Grid and Snap 21
Using Last Point 22
Using Relative X- andY-Coordinates 22
Using Polar Coordinates 23
Using Help 25
Using Save 27
Using Erase 28
Erasing with Window or Crossing 28
Using Undo 30
Using Redo 31
Drawing a Plot Plan 32
TABLE OF CONTENTSiv Table of Contents
Setting the Units 32
Sizing Your Drawing 35
Using Limits 36
Using Rectangle 37
Drawing Circles 38
Adding Text 39
Copying Text 41
In PlaceText Editing 42
Moving and RotatingText 43
Setting theText Style 43
Setting a Style Current 47
Using Mtext 47
Spell CheckingYour Drawing 50
Saving Your Drawing 52
Transferring Files 52
Exercises 54
2 Basic Construction Techniques 57
Introduction 57
Starting 57
Opening an Existing Drawing 57
Objectives 57
Saving as a New File 59
Using Layers 60
Current Layer 60
Controlling Layers 60
Controlling Colors 61
Layer Visibility 62
Freezing Layers 63
Locking Layers 64
Making Object’s Layer Current 64
Using Layer 65
Using Object Snap 69
Using Arc 72
Using Zoom 77
Using the ScrollWheel to Zoom 80
Zoom Dynamic 81
Using Pan Realtime 82
Using Circle Options 82
Circle Tangent, Tangent, Radius 85
Using Ellipse 85
Exercises 89
3 Basic Editing and Plotting Techniques 93
Introduction 93
Starting 93
Starting from aTemplate Drawing 93
Objectives 93
Using Trim 96
Using Offset 99
Changing Object Properties 101
Using the Properties Panel 102
The Properties Palette 103
Using Fillet 104
Using Chamfer 106
Using Polyline 107
Using Spline 110
Using Blend 111
Getting Information about Your Drawing 112
Using List 112
Locating Points 113
Measuring Geometry 114
Area 114
Using Multilines 115
The Plot Dialog Box 119
Exercises 126
4 Geometric Constructions 133
Introduction 133
Starting 133
Setting the Units and Limits 133
Objectives 133
Drawing theWrench 134
Using Copy Object 134
Effective Use of Layers 136
Changing Properties 138
Setting the Global Linetype Scaling Factor 139
Changing an Object’s Linetype Scale 140
Using Polygon 143
Using Polar Tracking 145
Using Object Snaps 148
Showing a Floating Toolbar 148
Object Snap Overrides 149
More Object Snaps 154
Object Tracking 156Table of Contents v
Using Break 156
Using Extend 158
Using Rotate 160
Using Move 160
Methods of SelectingObjects 161
Select Similar 163
Using Selection Filters 164
Using Quick Select 165
Creating the Geneva Cam 166
Using Construction Line (Xline) 168
Using Mirror 170
Using Array 172
Editing Associative Arrays 173
Making Changes using Grips 174
Noun/Verb Selection 177
Using the Path Array 178
Editing an Associative Path Array 180
Using the Count Command 182
Using 2D Parametric Constraints 184
Exercises 195
5 Template Drawings and More Plotting 201
Introduction 201
Starting 201
Using a Standard Template 201
Objectives 201
Paper Space Layouts 203
Printer Area 204
Viewport 204
Switching to Model Space 206
Inserting an Existing Drawing 206
Showing the Drawing in the Layout 209
Setting theViewport Zoom Scale 210
Using Pan to Position the Drawing 213
Locking theViewport Scale 214
Creating a Second Floating Viewport 214
Making aViewport Active 216
Attributes and Fields 217
Using Irregularly Shaped Viewports 220
Plotting from Paper Space 221
Sheet Sets 222
Creating aTemplate Drawing 229
Creating Default Layers 230
Using the Drafting Settings Dialog Box 238
Selecting the Default Text Font 239
Setting theViewres Default 240
Switching to a Paper Space Layout 240
Adding aTitle Block and Text to Paper Space 241
Hide/Show Lineweight on Status Bar 242
Using Divide 243
Setting Point Style 243
Adding theTitles 244
Beginning a New Drawing from aTemplate Drawing 246
Changing theTitle Block Text 247
Exercises 248
6 2D Orthographic Drawings 253
Introduction 253
The Front, Top, and Right-Side
Orthographic Views 253
Objectives 253
View Location 254
Starting 254
Switching to Model Space 256
Deciding the Model Space Limits 256
Viewing the Model Space Limits 256
Using Ortho 257
Drawing Construction Lines 257
Hidden Lines 260
Drawing Hidden Lines 261
Line Precedence 264
Slanted Surfaces 264
Top-View to Side-View Projection 266
Drawing the Miter Line 266
Using Object Snap Tracking 266
Sizing and Positioning the Drawing 270
Locking theViewport Scale 270
Showing Holes 271
Drawing Centerlines and Centermarks 272
Adding the Centerline 274
Setting the Global Linetype Scaling Factor 276
Projecting Slanted Surfaces on Cylinders 277
Exercises 281vi Table of Contents
7 Dimensioning 287
Introduction 287
Terminology and Conventions 287
Objectives 287
Semiautomatic Dimensioning 288
Starting 289
Dimensioning a Shape 289
Setting the Dimension Layer 290
Dimension Standards 290
Associating Dimensions 291
Annotation Scaling 291
The Dimension Panel 292
Using Dimension Styles 292
Creating a Named Dimension Style 293
Scaling Dimension Features 294
Lines tab 295
Symbols and Arrows tab 296
Text tab 298
Fit Tab 299
Setting the Current Style 305
Checking Your Dimension Settings 306
Associative Dimensioning 307
Adding Dimensions to the Layout or the Model 307
Adding Dimensions 308
Creating a Diameter Dimension 309
Baseline Dimensioning 311
Using Xplode 314
Adding Text with Special Characters 314
Using Quick Dimension 316
Saving As a Template 316
Dimensioning the Adapter 317
Using the Continue Option 318
Angular Dimensions 318
Centering the Views 320
Adding the Tolerance Note 320
Updating Associative Dimensions 321
Using Stretch 321
Modifying Dimensions 322
Updating a Dimension Style 323
Changing the Drawing Scale 324
The Annotation Property 327
Synch the Annotative and Viewport Scales 328
Creating an Annotative Text Style 328
Exercises 331
8 Advanced Dimensioning 335
Tolerance 335
Objectives 335
Tolerance Formats 336
Starting 337
Automatic Bilateral Tolerances 337
Using Limit Tolerances 344
Creating Feature Control Frames 346
Using Leader with Tolerances 350
Creating Datum Flags 352
Creating an Annotative Dimension Style 354
Exercises 356
9 Section and Auxiliary Views 359
Introduction 359
Section Views 359
Objectives 359
Starting 361
Creating 2D Section Views 361
Cutting Plane Lines 362
Changing Hidden Lines to Visible 367
Using Hatch 367
Adding the Hatch Pattern 373
Creating the Side Section View 374
Solid Fill 377
Using Draworder 378
Changing Associative Hatches 379
Auxiliary Views 382
Drawing Auxiliary Views Using 2D 382
Aligning the UCS with the Angled Surface 384
Adding Visual Reference Lines 388
Linetype Conventions 388
Curved Surfaces 389
Drawing the Ellipse 394
Exercises 396Table of Contents vii
10 Blocks, DesignCenter, and Tool Palettes 401
Introduction 401
Objectives 401
Starting 402
Using the Block Command 402
Inserting a Block 405
Using Explode 407
Using Write Block 407
Using DesignCenter andTool Palettes 409
Drawing the Half-Adder Circuit 414
Using Donut 415
Freezing the TEXT2 Layer 416
Creating Object Groups 416
Creating Custom Interfaces 419
Creating a Toolbar 422
Using Special Characters in Programmed Commands 424
Exercises 429
11 Introduction to Solid & Surface Modeling 435
Introduction 435
Objectives 435
Starting 436
The 3D Modeling Workspace 436
3D Coordinate Systems 437
Creating 3D Objects 437
Setting the Viewpoint 438
User Coordinate Systems 442
The UCS Icon 443
Dynamic UCS System Variable 444
Using Layers 444
Creating Multiple Viewports 445
Viewports Using Different UCSs 448
Creating Cylinders 450
Selection Cycling 450
Setting Isolines 453
Building Complex Solid Models 454
Using the Viewport Controls 455
Creating Wedges 456
Creating Cones 457
Creating User Coordinate Systems 458
Plotting Solid Models from Paper Space 461
Saving Your Multiview Setup as a Template 463
Creating Solid Models with Extrude
and Revolve 464
Region Modeling 466
Extruding a Shape 467
Creating Solids by Revolution 469
Aligning the Views 469
Using the Boolean Operator Intersection 471
Dynamic UCS 474
Creating Surface Models 476
Using Loft 478
Creating a Patch (SURFPATCH) 478
Creating Mesh Models 480
Creating an Edge Mesh 481
Using the Steering Wheel 481
Creating a Network Surface 483
Creating 3D Mesh Primitives 484
Exercises 486
12 Changing and Plotting Solid Models 491
Introduction 491
Starting 491
Objectives 491
Using Fillet on Solids 492
Using Chamfer on Solids 492
Using Slice 493
Creating the Hole 500
Placing Views to Create a Drawing 502
Adding the Centerlines 506
Exercises 508
13 Creating Assembly Drawings from
Solid Models 513
Introduction 513
Attaching Solid Models 513
Objectives 513
Starting 514
Using External References 515
Layers and External References 518
Inserting the Solid Part Drawings 519
Checking for Interference 523viii Table of Contents
Determining Mass Properties (MASSPROP) 525
Creating an Exploded Isometric View 526
Creating a Dynamic Block for the Ball Tags 528
Defining Attributes 531
Defining the Parameters 535
Defining the Actions 536
Inserting the Ball Tags 537
Changing an Attribute Value 540
Changing an Externally Referenced Drawing 540
Creating the Parts List 542
Extracting Attribute Information 542
Exercises 548
14 Solid Modeling for Section & Auxiliary Views 555
Introduction 555
Creating Sections from a Solid Model 555
Objectives 555
Adding a Section View 557
Using Section Plane 560
Using Live Section 561
Section Settings 562
Creating an Auxiliary View from a 3D Model 563
Orienting theView 564
3 Point UCS 564
Using Plan 565
Using 3D Dynamic View 566
Exercises 569
15 Rendering 573
Introduction 573
Starting 573
Objectives 573
The Render Panel 574
Adding Lights 581
Choosing Materials 585
Creating a New Material 587
Adjusting Mapping 590
Adding Backgrounds 591
Rendering to a File 592
Using Sun Properties 593
Geographic Location 594
Exporting AutoCAD Files 599
Exercises 602
Glossary 609
AutoCAD® Command Summary 623
Index 651INTRODUCTION TO THE TUTORIALS GS1-1
G1
Objectives
This chapter describes
how to prepare your
computer system and the
AutoCAD 2024 software
for use with the tutorials
in this manual. As you
read this chapter, you will

1. Understand how to
   use a mouse during the
   completion of these
   tutorials.
2. Recognize the typographical conventions
   used in this book.
3. Create and prepare
   data file and working
   directories.
4. Configure your copy of
   AutoCAD for use with
   these tutorials.
   INDEX
   Symbols
   @ 22
   2D constraint based modeling 184
   3D Dynamic View 566
   3D Mesh command 484
   3D solid models 435–490
   3D UCS icon 443, 444, 479
   .dwg 13
   .dwt 32
   .X, specifying x coordinate 495
   .Y, specifying y-coordinate 495
   A ab
   solute coordinates 20
   acad.dwt 13, 32, 133, 145, 166, 201,
   229, 428, 436, 443
   adding backgrounds 591
   aerial viewer 81
   alias 10
   align 520
   attribute 534
   section 560
   text alignment 298
   UCS 384
   view alignment 469
   aligned
   aligned dimensional constraint 186
   alignment 529
   alternate units 303
   and gate 403, 404, 405, 417, 427, 429
   angle brackets 17, 18, 533
   angular
   angular dimensional constraint 186
   angular dimension 301, 319
   annotation scale 291
   annotation scaling 291, 327
   ANSI-C template 201
   ANSI standards 201, 290, 295
   arc 72, 77
   arc 3 points 72
   arc command 72
   arc continue 76
   arc start center end 73
   arc start center length 74
   arc start end angle 74
   arc start end radius 76
   area 114
   array 172
   copy command option 41
   dynamic grips and array 528
   editing 173
   path 172
   polar 172
   rectangular 172
   arrows 290, 296, 297, 323
   ASME standards 201, 290, 295
   attribute alignment 534
   auxiliary view 382
   auxiliary view from 3D model 563
   B ba
   ck option
   undo command 31
   backspace to erase text 40
   ball tags 528, 537
   base grip 109, 174, 175, 176, 177, 194,
   275
   baseline dimension 311, 312
   baseline spacing for dimensions 295
   basic dimension 339
   bilateral tolerance 336
   blend 111
   block 206, 321, 401, 403
   authoring palette 536
   command 402
   defining attributes 531
   dynamic 528
   editor 529
   insert block 206, 405, 538
   insert blocks using designcenter 409
   insert drawing 461, 519
   save block 537
   title block 241
   using block with leaders 365
   write block 403, 407
   boolean operators 435, 437, 454, 456,
   460, 466, 471, 485, 586
   box
   box command 437, 438
   box mapping 590
   bump map 601
   buttons
   creating new commands 423
   special programming characters 424
   c ca
   lculator 497, 508, 497
   cancel 9
   Cartesian coordinate 20, 53
   cascade drawings 15
   case-sensitive, commands are NOT 9
   celtscale 140
   centerlines 84, 85, 136, 138, 139, 233,
   264, 271, 272, 506
   breaking the centerline 274
   centerlines in 3D drawings 506
   centerlines used as extension lines
   287
   circular view 272
   line precedence for centerlines 264
   using LTScale with centerlines 139
   centermarks 272
   chained dimensioning 311
   chamfer
   chamfer 3D solids 492
   chamfer button 106
   chamfer command 106
   chamfer on rectangle 37
   choosing materials 585
   chord length 74, 75, 88
   circle
   circle 2 point 82, 88
   circle 3 point 82, 83, 88
   circle flyout 83
   circle tangent tangent radius 84, 85
   circle tangent tangent tangent 85
   command 11
   command options 82
   drawing circles 38
   circular view 271, 272, 280
   circumscribed 143
   circumscribed hexagon 144
   circumscribed polygon 143
   close button 4
   drawing window close button 16
   coincident
   coincident constraint 186
   collinear
   collinear constraint 186652 Index
   color
   books 62
   color in layers 66, 231
   color in layers 67
   controlling colors 61
   controlling dimension color 296
   ground plane color 599
   index color 62, 66
   layer colors for tutorials 233, 559
   lighting color 598
   material color 588
   object color 230
   select color dialog box 62, 66, 67,
   232, 506
   select similar 164
   command
   aliasing 10
   cancelling 9
   command options with underscore 425
   creating new commands 423
   prompt 9
   typing command option letters 12
   concave arc 73, 88
   concentric constraint 186
   cone command 457
   constraints 184
   (parameters) 186
   construction line command 168
   context-sensitive help 110
   continue an arc 76
   convex arc 73, 88
   coons patch mesh 481, 485
   coordinates
   absolute 20
   coordinates panel 459
   entering coordinates 20
   polar coordinates 23
   relative coordinates 22
   right-hand rule 20
   toggle coordinate display 425
   world coordinates 20, 439, 501
   world UCS button 501
   copy
   array option 41
   copy command 134, 391
   copy icon 41
   copying text 41
   copy option with move command
   175
   copy to clipboard 48
   countarea 183
   count command 182
   crosshairs
   graphics cursor or crosshairs 3
   rotated crosshairs 391
   crosshatching 360
   current layer 60
   custom
   custom hatch patterns 368
   custom interfaces 419
   customize command 413
   customize workspace button 421
   custom toolbar 425, 426, 427
   support files 10
   customize
   dialog 413
   workspace button 421
   cutting plane
   adding leader arrows to
   cutting plane line 364
   cutting plane in 3d slice 493
   cutting plane lines 272, 360, 362
   cylinder command 450
   D da
   shed lines 139, 362
   datum flags 352
   ddedit 47
   default 17
   text font 239
   define attributes command 531
   defpoints 288, 291
   delobj 475
   delta angle 74, 88
   designcenter , 401, 409, 410, 411, 413,
   419, 429, 405, 522, 316
   deviation tolerances 338, 345, 355
   diameter
   diameter dimensional constraint 186
   symbol 315
   diameter dimension
   adding a centermark 297
   creating a diameter dimension 309
   dimassoc variable 307
   dimcen 272, 280, 297
   dimension 308
   alternate units 303
   fit tab 325
   measurement scale 302
   standards 290
   style 292, 293, 294
   tolerances 301, 304, 305, 311, 335
   values 288
   variables 292
   zero suppression 302, 303
   dimensional constraints 186
   dimensioning 287–334
   primary units 302
   dimension lines 287, 288, 290, 295
   radial 297
   dimension scaling factor 287, 294
   disk intensity 599
   disk scale 599
   display tab 442
   divide command 243
   donut command 415
   drafting settings 11, 19
   dynamic input tab 11
   drawing
   centerlines 272
   naming files 13
   save 13
   starting new 12
   window 3
   working with multiple 14
   draworder command 378
   dynamic
   input 10, 11, 134
   input tab 11
   dynamic blocks 528
   dynamic view 566, 567, 569
   E ea
   ttedit 540
   edge mesh 480, 481
   edit
   hatching 381
   polyline 108, 395
   text 246, 247
   edit attribute command 540
   elements, multiline 117
   elevation, setting for sun calculator 595
   ellipse command 85, 86
   using ellipse in projection 278
   engineering units 32, 53
   enhanced attribute editor 217, 218, 540
   entering coordinates 20
   enter key 11
   equal constraint 186
   erase command 28
   escape key 9
   explode 407
   explode command , 109
   exploded views 526
   exporting autocad files 599
   extend command 158
   extension line 287, 290, 295
   centerlines used as 287
   dimension lines crossing 288
   offset 287, 331
   external reference (xref ) 515
   attach external reference dialog 520
   layers 518
   mass properties do not work 525653
   extract
   attributes 542
   data 542
   extrude command 464, 467
   F fa
   cetres 453, 485
   favorites 14, 58
   feature control frames 336, 348
   fields, using to store information 533
   file extension 13, 53, 93, 94, 229,
   227, 14
   file name 14, 27, 52
   fillet command 104
   filter
   new group filter 230
   new property filter 230
   point filters 495
   selection filters 164
   fit tab (dimension) 325
   fixed constraint 186
   flip parameter 535, 548
   floating viewports 214, 247, 445
   flyouts 7, 9, 17
   fonts 43
   shape-compiled 43
   special characters 40
   using fonts 44
   formats 12
   fractional units 32
   freehand trim 98
   freeze 237
   layers 63
   front view 448
   function key
   grid [F7] 147
   ortho 257
   polar tracking [F10] 146
   running object snap [F3] 154
   snap [F9] 176
   text window [F2] 306
   G ge
   ographic location 593, 594
   geometric characteristic symbol 347,
   355
   geometric tolerances 336, 347
   global linetype scale 139
   glow intensity 599
   graphics cursor 3
   grid 17
   group
   group filter 230, 236
   select group 162
   group command 401, 416
   H ha
   tch
   3D section 562
   annotation scale and hatch 292
   boundary 371
   changing associative 379
   pattern 368
   scale 369
   hatch command 367
   help, context-sensitive 110
   help command 25
   hexagons 144
   hidden lines 260
   hide data column 545
   hot grips 174
   I i
   mage tile 296
   implied
   crossing 28, 177
   stretch and crossing box 321
   windowing 28
   inscribed polygon 143
   insert block 206, 405
   interfere command 523
   intersect
   snap to apparent intersection 154
   snap to intersection 152
   intersect command 476
   isocircle 158
   isolines command 453
   isometric 158
   J jo
   in polyline 109
   join command 466
   justify
   justify Mline 118
   justify text 39, 46
   L la
   st point
   closing to first point 21
   using @ 22
   layer 136, 230
   color in layers 67
   control 60, 101, 233
   filter 234
   layer color 66
   properties manager 204, 230
   layout
   paper space layout 203, 240
   showing drawing in layout 209
   leader
   annotation scaling and leaders 292
   dimension child style 342
   dimension fit tag and leaders 300
   drawing leader with tolerance 350
   multileader 363
   quick leader 363
   quick leader command 350
   radial line leader 309
   limit
   drawing limits 17
   tolerances 336, 339, 344
   limits command 36
   line
   precedence 264
   using the line command 20
   linear dimension
   constraint 186
   linear constraint 191
   zero suppression for 302
   line command 6, 7, 9
   command allias for line (l) 10
   linetype
   linetype scale 139
   loading linetypes 137
   setting the linetype 136
   list command 112
   location
   add new location 227
   geographic location picker 594
   lock
   layers 64
   locking viewport scale 214
   M ma
   ke
   layer non-plotting 234
   object layer current 64
   mapping 590
   mass properties 525
   materials 585
   maximize window 3
   measure
   geometry 114
   quick 115
   measurement scale 302
   mesh
   3D 480
   mesh command 484
   midpoint between two points (MTP)
   snap 155
   minimize window 3
   mirror command 170
   miter line 266654 Index
   model space 36, 201
   model space command (MS) 206
   move command 160
   multiline 118
   elements 117
   multiline text 48
   multiline command 115
   multiple
   drawings, working with 14
   viewports 445
   N na
   med UCS 459
   nominal dimension 336
   non-plotting 204, 205
   layer 234
   noun/verb selection 177
   NURBS 467, 477
   O ob
   ject snap 69, 148
   object tracking 500
   offset command 99
   oops command 28
   open command 57
   options dialog box 70
   origin 442
   ortho 148
   ortho command 257
   P pa
   n 213
   pan command 160, 213
   paper size 120, 123
   paper space
   layout 240
   plotting from 221
   parametric constraints 184
   partial auxiliary views 390
   parts list 542
   path array 172
   array, path 178
   editing 180
   pen assignments 121
   perspective icon 444
   plan command 498, 565
   plot command 119
   plus/minus tolerances 336
   point parameter 535
   point style 243
   polar array 172
   polar coordinates 20, 22, 23, 53, 425,
   439, 459, 471, 501, 527, 565
   polar tracking 24, 145
   polygon 143
   polyline 107
   precedence 264
   line precedence 264
   preferences 425
   primary units 301, 302
   dimensioning using 301
   profile
   setup profile (solprof) 502
   projection
   view projection 266
   properties
   editing dimensions using 322
   layer properties manager 65
   palette 102
   panel 61
   Q qu
   adrant object snap 150
   quick measure 115
   quick calculator 497
   quick dimension 316
   quick leader (Qleader) 350, 352, 363
   quick select 165
   R ra
   dius dimensional constraint 186
   radius dimension 310
   ray 168
   ray command 168
   real-world units 35
   rectangle 37
   rectangle command 37
   rectangular array 172
   redo button 4
   redo command 31
   reference dimension 320
   reference edit 540
   region, mass properties 525
   region command 466
   relative coordinates 22
   rendering 573–608
   resolution 69, 240, 573
   restarting commands 22, 29
   revision cloud 8
   revolve command 469
   right-click
   to show options 10
   to show short cut menu 43
   right-hand rule 20
   rotate 43
   rotate command 160
   running mode object snap 69
   S sa
   ve
   drawing 52
   multiline style 117
   save as 60
   template 229
   save as command 59, 60
   savetime variable 375
   scale
   setting the viewport scale 210
   scaling factor
   dimension scaling factor 287, 294
   scientific units 32
   section views 359–400
   from a 3D model 555
   SE isometric view 501
   selectable groups 401, 416
   selection
   cycling 450
   filters 164
   methods for selecting objects 161
   noun/verb 177
   settings for selection 28
   select similar 164
   setup profile 502, 508, 568
   sheet set manager 222
   single line text 39
   size constraints 186
   slice command 493
   smart blocks 528
   snap 18
   drawing using snap 21
   object snap modes 154
   tip 69
   snap command 18
   snap from 155
   solid modeling 435
   changing solid models 491
   for section and auxiliary views 555
   solprof 502, 568
   spacebar 11, 48
   special characters 314, 424
   spell checking 50
   sphere command 438
   spherical mapping 590
   spline, fit 110
   spline command 110
   standard template 12, 201, 202
   starting from a template 93
   status bar 4
   stretch with grips 174
   stretch command 321655
   style
   creating a dimension style 292
   text styles 44
   updating dimension style 323
   style command 43
   subtract command 454
   sun properties 598
   support files 10
   surface modeling 435
   surveyor units 32
   symmetrical tolerances 339
   symmetric constraint 186
   T ta
   ngent
   circle tangent tangent radius 84
   snap to tangent 151
   templates
   data extraction templates 542
   select template dialog 12
   standard templates 201
   tessellation lines 453
   text
   attribute text 533
   styles 43
   text command 39
   through point 99
   tiled viewports 214
   title bar 3
   toggles 18
   tolerance 304, 335
   geometric 348
   tool palettes
   customizing tool palettes 412
   turning on tool palettes 411
   tracking
   object tracking 156
   polar tracking 19, 145
   using object tracking 500
   transparent 370
   transparent command 79
   transparent commands 424
   transparent view 458
   trim
   freehand 98
   trim command 96
   U U
   CS
   3D UCS appearance 479
   aligning the UCS 384
   creating user coordinate systems 458
   icon appearance 443
   UCS parallel to view 471
   UCS alignment 384
   UCSicon command 443
   undo command 30
   back option 31
   undo option
   line command undo option 21
   unilateral tolerances 336
   union 460
   units command 32
   user coordinate system (UCS) 4, 442
   V vi
   ew alignment 469
   viewport controls 455
   W we
   dge command 456
   world coordinate system (WCS) 20,
   437
   button 501
   write block 403, 407
   X xaxis 437
   x-coordinate 5, 12
   Xplode command 314
   XREF 513, 515
   Y ycoordinate 5
   Z zcoordinate 5
   zero suppression 302
   zoom command 17

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