Turbine Blade Investment Casting Die Technology
Turbine Blade Investment Casting Die Technology
Dinghua Zhang , Yunyong Cheng Ruisong Jiang , Neng Wan
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Turbine Blade of Aero-Engine 1
1.1.1 Introduction of Aero-Engine 1
1.1.2 Turbine Blade of Aero-Engine 3
1.2 Investment Casting Process of Turbine Blade . 7
1.2.1 The Main Processes of Investment Casting . 7
1.2.2 Main Issues in Investment Casting of Turbine Blade . 8
1.3 Literature Review of Investment Casting Die Technology . 9
1.3.1 Parametric Modeling for Turbine Blade . 9
1.3.2 Intelligent Design for Investment Casting Die . 10
1.3.3 Optimization of Investment Casting Die Cavity . 13
1.3.4 NDT of Investment Casting Blade
and Rapid Finalization 14
1.4 The Developmental Trends in Turbine Blade Investment
Casting Technology 16
References 18
2 Digitized Modeling Technology of Turbine Blade 21
2.1 Structural Features Classification of Turbine Blade 21
2.1.1 Structural Elements Classification of Turbine Blade 21
2.1.2 Feature Modeling 24
2.1.3 Feature Definitions of Turbine Blade Structure 25
2.2 Parametric Modeling of Structural Features 27
2.2.1 Design Process of Turbine Blade 27
2.2.2 Basic Principle of Parametric Modeling . 28
2.2.3 Datum Feature of Turbine Blade Modeling . 31
2.2.4 Surface Modeling of Turbine Blade 32
2.2.5 Internal Profile Feature Modeling of Turbine Blade 44
2.2.6 Typical Feature Modeling 50
vii2.3 Case Study . 60
References 61
3 Cavity Design Method for Investment Casting Die of Turbine
Blade . 63
3.1 Multistate Model Transformation Method for Investment
Casting Die Cavity of Turbine Blade . 63
3.1.1 Definition of Multistate Model of Investment Casting
Die Cavity 64
3.1.2 Investment Casting Process Driven Multistate Model
Transformation 65
3.1.3 Geometric Information Mapping for Multistate Model
Based on Rules 67
3.2 Parting Technologies for Investment Casting Die Cavity 74
3.2.1 The Parting Principle Based on Feature Decomposition . 75
3.2.2 The Die Cavity Feature Decomposition Method . 76
3.2.3 Rule-Based Parting Method of Die Cavity . 78
3.3 Design Examples of Investment Casting Die Cavity 82
References 83
4 Design of the Die Base for the Investment Casting Turbine
Blade . 85
4.1 Definition and Structure of the Knowledge Template
of Die Base 87
4.1.1 Typical Structure of the Base of the Investment
Casting Die . 87
4.1.2 The Definition of the Knowledge Template
for the Die Base . 88
4.1.3 Structure and Data Model of the Knowledge Template
for the Die Base . 91
4.2 The Method to Construct a Knowledge Template
for Investment Casting Die . 94
4.2.1 The Procedures to Construct a Knowledge Template
for the Die Base . 94
4.2.2 Extraction of the Knowledge Template 95
4.2.3 Customization of the Knowledge Template
for the Die Base . 98
4.3 Rapid Design of Investment Casting Die Base Based
on the Knowledge Template 101
4.3.1 Rapid Design Method of the Die Base 101
4.3.2 Design Example with the Template . 103
References 104
viii Contents5 Deformation Simulation of Investment Casting and Die Cavity
Optimization of Turbine Blade . 105
5.1 Deformation Simulation of Turbine Blade Investment
Casting 105
5.1.1 Investment Casting Simulation Modeling 105
5.1.2 Finite Element Modeling Investment Casting . 112
5.1.3 Investment Casting Simulation 115
5.2 The Analysis Calculation of the Simulation of Investment
Casting Deformation 134
5.2.1 The Distribution Regularity of Turbine Blade Surface
Size Errors . 134
5.2.2 The Definition of the Displacement Field
of Solidification Process . 135
5.2.3 The Calculate Method of Displacement Field . 136
5.2.4 Vector Expression and Vector Resolution of the
Displacement Field . 136
5.2.5 The Establishment of Displacement Field Model 141
5.3 Reserve Deformation Optimization and Virtual Mold Repair
of the Mold Cavity . 142
5.3.1 Calculating Methods of Cavity Size 142
5.3.2 The Method of Reverse Deformation of Cavity . 146
5.3.3 Reverse Superposition Method of Grid Displacement
Field 151
5.3.4 Cavity Optimization Based on Superimposed
Displacement Field . 152
5.3.5 Scaling Method Based on Shrinkage Ratio . 156
5.4 The Rapid Verification Technologies of Cavity Optimization . 166
5.4.1 Die Cavity Validation Scheme Based on Wax
Pattern NC Machining 166
5.4.2 Wax Material Craft Process and Machining Parameter
Optimization 168
5.4.3 NC Machining Post Processing of Wax Material 169
References 169
6 The Manufacturing and Finalization of the Turbine Blade
Investment Casting Die . 173
6.1 The Manufacturing Process of the Turbine Blade Investment
Casting Die . 173
6.1.1 The Structural Features of the Turbine Blade Investment
Casting Die . 173
6.1.2 The Manufacturing Process of the Turbine Blade
Investment Casting Die 174
Contents ix6.2 The Process Plan of the Turbine Blade Investment
Casting Die . 176
6.2.1 Materials Selection for Die Manufacturing . 176
6.2.2 The Process Planning for Die Manufacturing . 178
6.2.3 The Design of the Second Tooling Electrode . 182
6.2.4 The Selection of the Process Ball 185
6.3 The Machining Technology of the Turbine Blade Investment
Casting Die . 185
6.3.1 The Machining Technology 185
6.3.2 Nontraditional Machining Technologies in Die
Manufacturing . 188
6.3.3 The Surface Treatment Technology . 198
6.3.4 The Repairing Technique 204
6.4 The Finalization of the Turbine Blade Investment
Casting Die . 206
6.4.1 The Inspection of the Investment Casting Die . 206
6.4.2 The Testing of the Investment Casting Die . 207
6.4.3 The Finalization of the Investment Casting Die . 208
References 209
7 Turbine Blade Investment Casting Experiment and Measurement
Evaluation . 211
7.1 Investment Casting Experiment Process . 211
7.2 Blade Casting Geometrical Dimension Measurement and
Evaluation 212
7.2.1 Measurement Data Acquisition 213
7.2.2 Model Alignment 227
7.2.3 Geometrical Shape Analysis 234
References 241.
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