Transport Phenomena in Liquid Composite Molding Processes

Transport Phenomena in Liquid Composite Molding Processes
João M. P. Q. Delgado
Antonio Gilson Barbosa de Lima
Mariana Julie do Nascimento Santos
Contents
1 Introduction . 1
1.1 Motivation . 1
1.2 What Is a Composite Material? 2
1.3 Polymer Composite Manufacturing Processes 6
1.3.1 Hand Lay-up Molding . 6
1.3.2 Spray-up Molding 7
1.3.3 Vacuum Bag Molding . 7
1.3.4 Autoclave Molding . 8
1.3.5 Compression Molding . 8
1.3.6 Filament Winding 8
1.3.7 Pultrusion 9
1.3.8 Liquid Molding 9
References . 11
2 The Liquid Composite Molding Process: Theory
and Applications 15
2.1 Foundations 15
2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of the RTM Technique . 18
2.3 Engineering Applications 20
References . 20
3 Advanced Experiments in RTM Processes 23
3.1 The Liquid Molding System 23
3.2 Rectilinear Infiltration . 23
3.3 Radial Infiltration 27
References . 31
4 RTM Process Modeling 33
4.1 The Physics of the RTM Process . 33
4.2 Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulations
in RTM Processes: An Overview 35
ix4.3 Fundamental Transport Equations 36
4.3.1 Fluid Flow . 36
4.3.2 Heat Transfer . 38
4.4 Isothermal One-Dimensional Flow: An Analytical Approach . 39
4.4.1 Rectilinear Single-Phase Flow . 39
4.4.2 Radial Single-Phase Flow: One-Dimensional Approach . 50
References . 59
5 RTM Simulations by CFD 63
5.1 General Comments . 63
5.2 Isothermal Two- and Three-Dimensional Flows 64
5.2.1 Rectilinear Single-Phase Flow . 64
5.2.2 Radial Single- and Two-Phase Flows 68
5.2.3 Two-Dimensional and Two-Phase Flow:
A Boundary-Fitted Curvilinear Coordinate’s
Application . 72
5.2.4 Initial and Boundary Conditions 76
5.2.5 Applications 77
References . 81
6 Conclusions
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