Tools For the Job
Tools For the Job
L. T. C. Rolt
A SHORT HISTORY OF MACHINE TOOLS
Contents
FOREWORD
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
PREFACE
1 Machines in the Craftsman’s Workshop
2 Industrial Machine Tools of the Eighteenth Cent
3 The First Machine Shops
4 Henry Maudslay— Metal Cutting becomes an Art
5 Clement, Fox, Eoberts, Nasmyth and Whitworth
6 Drives, Gears and Gear-cutting Machines
7 The Kise of America
— Interchangeable Manufactur
8 American Machine Tools and their Makers
9 The Precision Grinding Machine and its Influence
10 Metal Cutting becomes a Science
11 Tools of the Twentieth Century
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
The Illustrations
1 Glastonbury Lake Village bracelet rings, c. 100 B.C.
2 Sword grinder, Utrecht Psalter, A.D. 850
3 German pole lathe of 1395
4 German clock-maker’s screw-cutting lathe, c. 1480
5 Grinding scythe blades at Belbroughton, Worcestershire
6 Turning elm bowls on the pole lathe
7 Clock-maker’s wheel-cutting engine, c. 1672
8 Leonardo da Vinci’s boring mill
9 Screwing machine by Leonardo da Vinci, c. 1500
10 Sketch of lathe by Leonardo da Vinci, c. 1500
11 Screw-cutting lathe with lead screw, 1578
12 Design for internal grinding machine by Leonardo da Vinci, c. 1500
13 Ornamental turning lathe with templet by Jacques Besson, 1578
14 Improved automatic fusee engine by Ferdinand Berthoud, 1763
15 Precision screw-cutting lathe by Jesse Ramsden, 1778
16 Water-powered cannon-boring mill of 1540
17 Jan Verbruggen’s mortar-boring mill at Woolwich Arsenal, 1770
18 Vaucanson’s lathe, c.1775
19 Senot’s lathe, 1795
20 Vertical cannon-boring mill by Maritz, c. 1713
21 John Smeaton’s cylinder-boring mill at Carron Ironworks
22 John Wilkinson’s cannon-boring mill of 1774
23 Wilkinson’s cylinder-boring mill, at Bersham Ironworks, 1776
24 Boulton & Watt’s Soho Foundry, Birmingham
25 Matthew Murray’s Round Foundry, Leeds
26 William Murdock
27 John Wilkinson
28 Matthew Murray
29 Joseph Bramah
30 A turner’s workshop of 1771
31 Lathe tool, c. 1771
32 Horizontal cylinder-boring mill, Soho Foundry
33 Heavy facing lathe with Murdock’s worm drive, Soho Foundry
34 Two drilling machines, one with worm drive, Soho Foundry
35 and 36 Side and end view of Bramah’s Patent Slide Rest, 1794
37 Henry Maudslay’s first screw-cutting lathe, c. 1800
38 Maudslay’s second screw-cutting lathe, c. 1800
39 Horizontal cylinder-boring machine by Matthew Murray
40 Clement’s constant-speed facing lathe, 1827
41 Henry Maudslay
42 Richard Roberts
43 Sir Joseph Whitworth
44 James Nasmyth
45 Lathe by James Fox of Derby, c. 1820
46 Planing machine by Fox, c. 1820
47 Vertical planing machine, Soho Foundry
48 James Nasmyth’s nut-milling fixture, 1830
49 Nasmyth’s ‘Steam Arm’ shaping machine, 1836
50 Joseph Whitworth’s automatic cross feed for lathes, 1835
51 Back-geared lathe by Richard Roberts, c. 1817
52 Small planing machine by James Nasmyth, 1857
53 Lathe by Joseph Whitworth with automatic cross feed, 1843
54 J. G. Bodmer’s worm gear cutters, 1839
The Illustrat
55 Whitworth’s millionth-measuring machine
56 Whitworth’s radial drilling machine, 1862
57 Richard Roberts’ gear-cutting advertisement, 1821
58 Roberts’ gear-cutting machine, c. 1821
59 Joseph Whitworth’s machine with formed cutter for involute gears
60 Joseph Saxton’s gear-cutting machine, c. 1842
61 Eli Whitney
62 Samuel Colt
63 The Colt Armoury, Hartford Connecticut, 1855
64 The Robbins & Lawrence Armoury, Windsor, Vermont, c. 1840
65 A typical American machine shop of the 1860s
66 Grinding musket barrels, Springfield Armoury, c. 1818
67 James Nasmyth’s milling machine, c. 1830
68 Eli Whitney’s milling machine, c. 1820
69 Milling machine by Gay & Silver, c. 1835
70 The Lincoln Miller
71 Lincoln index milling machine
72 David Wilkinson’s screw machine of 1798
73 The first turret lathe: built by Stephen Fitch, 1848
74 Spencer’s first automatic machine with ‘brain wheels’, c, 1873
75 An early Lincoln treadle-operated four-spindle drilling machine
76 Joseph Brown
77 Frederick Howe
78 William Sellers
79 Charles Churchill
80 Joseph Brown’s improved formed milling cutter, 1864
81 Grinding lathe, c. 1860
82 J. M. Poole’s precision roll-grinding machine, 1870
83 First Universal Grinding Machine by Brown & Sharpe, 1876
84 The first Brown & Sharpe universal milling machine, 1862
85 The first Fellows gear-shaping machine, 1897
86 Corliss bevel-gear-cutting machine, 1876
87 Brown & Sharpe heavy-duty universal milling machine c. 1870
88 Fellows gear-cutter grinding machine and bevel-gear generator, 1897
89 Quick change feed drive gear by Frederick Miles, 1871
90 W. P. Norton’s tumbler gear drive, 1892
91 Frederick Lanchester
92 Lanchester’s worm-gear bobbing machine, 1896
93 Charles H. Norton
94 Norton’s first heavy production grinding machine, 1900
95 Landis crankshaft-grinding machine, 1905
96 Heald planetary cylinder-grinding machine, 1905
97 First production Cincinnati centreless grinding machine, 1922
98 Heald internal centreless grinding machine, 1935
99 James Heald’s piston ring grinding machine with magnetic chuck, 1904
100 Lapointe broaching machine with screw feed, c. 1903
101 Modem Cincinnati-Weatherley broaching machine for connecting rods
102 Eight Churchill Rigidhobbers forming part of a link-line system
103 Cincinnati Hydrotel milling machine arranged for numerical control
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