The Manager’s Guide to Health& Safety at Work 8th Edition
The Manager’s Guide to Health& Safety at Work 8th Edition
Jeremy Stranks
Contents
List of Figures ix
List of Tables x
Preface to First Edition xi
Preface to Eighth Edition xii
Acknowledgement xiii
Part 1: Health and Safety Management and Administration
1 Principal Legal Requirements 3
Criminal law and civil liability 3; Health and Safety at Work
Act (HASAWA) 19744; Sources of criminal law 7; Approved
Codes of Practice 8; Powers of inspectors 9; Improvement
and prohibition notices 11; Corporate manslaughter 15; Joint
consultation with employees 18; Running a safety
committee 19; Statements of Health and Safety Policy 21;
Schedule 1 32; Passport schemes 34; Home working 35;
Lone working situations 37; Vulnerable groups 38;
Documentation and record keeping requirements 41;
Occupiers’ liability 44; Courts and Tribunals 46; The Health
and Safety Information for Employees Regulations 1999 49;
Summary 49
2 Health and Safety Management 51
What is management? 51; Health and safety management 51;
Supervisors and health and safety 53; Successful Health and
Safety Management – HS(G) 65 55; Quality management and
health and safety – BS8800: 1996 Guide to Occupational
Health and Safety Management Systems 56; Benchmarking 64;
Emergency procedures 66; Risk management 68;
Information sources for health and safety 73; Summary 77
3 Reporting, Recording and Investigation of Injuries,
Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences 79
Reporting requirements 79; Reporting procedures under the
Regulations 81; Accident investigation 82; The cost of
accidents 85; Summary 87
4 Principles of Accident Prevention 88
Accident definitions 88; Incidents 89; ‘Hazard’, ‘Danger’
and ‘Risk’ 89; Accident prevention strategies 90; Safe
systems of work 94; Safety monitoring systems 96; Accident
vand ill-health rates 103; Risk assessment 103; Competent
persons 106; The role of the health and safety
practitioner 110; Summary 114; Conclusion to Part 1 114
Part 2: People at Work
5 Human Factors 119
Human error 121; Planned motivation schemes 123; Atypical
workers 124; Disability Discrimination Act 1995 131;
Summary 134
6 Ergonomics 136
The application of ergonomics in working situations 136;
Principles of ergonomic design 137; Controls and
displays 138; Display screen equipment 139; The
schedule 143; Manual handling injuries and conditions 146;
Management action 153; Summary 154
7 Stress at Work 156
What is stress? 156; Violence at work 167; Post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) 172; Conclusion 172; Summary 173;
Conclusion to Part 2 173
Part 3: Occupational Health
8 Occupational Diseases and Conditions 177
Occupational health 177; Occupational diseases 179;
The Employment Medical Advisory Service (EMAS) 180;
Ocupational health schemes 181; Benefits of occupational
health services 183; Sickness absence control 183; Sickness
absence procedure 185; Sickness absence monitoring 186;
Occupational health initiatives 186; Summary 187
9 First Aid 189
Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981 189; HSE
Guidance – First Aid at Work 192; Principles of First
Aid 195; The role of first-aiders 196; Summary 196
10 Dangerous Substances 198
Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply)
(CHIP) Regulations 2002 198; Hazardous substances
and preparations – classification 202; Principles of
toxicology 203; Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) 208;
Handling and storage of dangerous substances 211; Control
vi
Contentsvii
Contents
of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations
2002 212; Health surveillance 216; Summary 220,
Conclusion to Part 3 221
Part 4: Safety Technology
11 Engineering Safety 225
Selection of work equipment 226; Principles of machinery
safety 226; Other hazards associated with machinery
operation 228; Machinery guards 229; Machinery
safety devices 230; Planned maintenance 231; Lifting
operations and lifting equipment 231; Machinery safety
assessment 232; Summary 232
12 Fire Prevention 234
The fire triangle 234; Causes of the fire spread 235; Fire
extinction 235; Fire appliances 236; Colour coding of fire
appliances 237; Fire protection systems 237; Legal
requirements 238; Summary 242
13 Electrical Safety 244
Principles of electrical safety 244; Safety and effects of
shock 246; Portable electrical appliances 247; Summary 248
14 Structural Safety 250
Floors and traffic routes 250; Falls or falling objects 250;
Windows, and transparent or translucent doors, gates and
walls 251; Windows, skylights and ventilators 251;
Organisation of traffic routes 251; Doors and gates 251;
Escalators and moving walkways 251; Access to an egress
from the workplace 251; Traffic systems 252; Summary 252
15 Construction and Contractors 254
Construction hazards 254; Contractors and the law 254;
The Construction (Design and Management) (CDM)
Regulations 1994 255; Construction (Health, Safety and
Welfare) Regulations 1996 258; Accidents in construction
activities 261; Regulating the contractor 262; Safety
method statements 263; Contractors’ Regulations 265;
Summary 266
16 Mechanical Handling 268
Mechanical handling systems 268; Summary 27517 The Working Environment 277
Location and layout of workplaces 277; The use of colour in
the workplace 278; Waste disposal 278; Environmental
control 278; Temperature 278; Relative humidity 279;
Lighting 279; Work involving radioactive sources 288;
Welfare amenity provisions 292; Summary 294
18 Safety in Offices, Workshops and in Catering
Operations 296
Safety requirements for offices 296; Office health and safety
audit 300; Workshop safety 301; Catering safety 304;
Summary 307; Conclusion to Part 4 308
Index 311
viii
List of Figures
1.1 Powers of health and safety inspectors 13
1.2 Summary of features of notices under the Health and
Safety at Work Act 1974 14
1.3 Improvement and prohibition notices 16
2.1 Key elements of successful health and safety
management (HSE) 54
2.2 An approach based on ISO 14001 –
the Plan–Do–Check–Act cycle 59
2.3 The planning process 60
3.1 The cause–accident–result sequence 84
3.2 A sample accident costing form 86
4.1 Health and safety review 102
6.1 DSE workstation principles 142
6.2 Correct seating and posture 145
6.3 Correct handling – proper grip 148
6.4 Correct handling – straight back 149
6.5 Correct handling – proper foot positions 149
6.6 Correct handling – use your bodyweight 150
6.7 Guideline weights for lifting 152
7.1 Sources of managerial stress 158
9.1 Opening the airway 193
9.2 The recovery position 193
9.3 Chest compressions 194
10.1 Categories of danger 203
10.2 Hazard warning symbols 204
10.3 Specimen health risk assessment 215
10.4 COSHH action plan 217
11.1 In-running nips 227
11.2 Shearing traps – a moving part traversing a fixed part 228
11.3 Entanglement risks 228
12.1 The fire triangle 234
12.2 Fire instructions notice 240
16.1 Trapping points on a reversible belt conveyor 269
16.2 Traps between sprocket and chain on a reversible
chain conveyor 269
16.3 Safety requirements at the junction between a belt
conveyor and roller conveyor 270
16.4 Typical form of company permit to drive 273
17.1 Extract ventilation systems 284
18.1 Guarding to a hand-operated guillotine 299
ixList of Tables
4.1 Schedule 7: Places of work requiring inspection 109
by a competent person
6.1 The ergonomic approach to the work situation 137
12.1 Fire and fire appliance classification 236
12.2 Colour coding of fire appliances 237
17.1 Comfort temperature ranges 279
17.2 Average illuminances and minimum measured
illuminances 280
17.3 Maximum ratios of illuminance for adjacent areas 281
17.4 Effective reflectance values 282
17.5 Comparable noise doses 287
17.6 Noise sources, pathways and control measures
xBS 8800: Guide to Occupational
Health and Safety Management
Systems 56–64
burns 195
caissons 259
capabilities and training 28–29
capability to work 184
captor systems 284–85
carbon dioxide appliances 237
carcinogenic (classification) 203
carpal tunnel syndrome 141
case law 74
catering injuries 305
catering machinery 305–06
cause-accident-result sequence
83–84
chancery 47
change of process 94
Chartered Institute of Environmental
Health (CIEH) 75
chemical health hazards 177, 180
chemical poisoning 198
chemical stressors 157
Chemicals (Hazard Information and
Packaging for Supply)(CHIP)
Regulations 2002 198, 203, 208
children 46, 241
children, employment of 27
chronic effect 205
ciliary escalator 207
circuit breakers 245
civil actions 4
civil liability 4, 254
Class 1 and Class 2 electrical
appliances 248
classification requirements (hazardous
substances) 199–200
classified persons 291
cleaning and degreasing agents
303–04
clients’ duties 256
clothing accommodation and changing
facilities 293
cofferdams 259
colour coding (fire appliances) 237
colour in the workplace 278
colour rendition 283
comfort factors 138
comfort temperature ranges 279
comfort ventilation 283
common duty of care 33
common law 74
communication arrangements 38
communications 127–28
competent persons 26, 27, 28,
106–10, 200, 241, 244, 257, 261
complaints relating to health and
safety matters 48
compressed air equipment 302
construction and contractors 254–67
Construction (Design and
Management) Regulations 1994
28, 108–09,
255–58
construction hazards 254
Construction (Head Protection)
Regulations 1989 255
Construction (Health, Safety and
Welfare) Regulations 1996 106,
109, 258–61, 292
construction-related accidents 261
constructive manslaughter 15
Consumer Protection Act 1987 6
contact hazards 227
contact with external services 241
contingency plans 291
contractor, regulating the 261–62,
265
contractors and the law 254–61
contractors’ duties 257
control boxes (electrical) 303
Control of Asbestos at Work
Regulations 2002 264
Control of Major Accident Hazards
(COMAH) Regulations 1999
199
Control of Substances Hazardous to
Health (COSHH) Regulations
2002 208, 212–16, 218, 219, 285
312
Indexcontrolled areas 291
controllers of premises 5
controlling minds 15, 18
controls and displays 138–39
conveyors 268–70
co-operation and co-ordination 27,
28, 35
coping strategies (stress) 161–62
corporate liability 12
corporate manslaughter 15, 18
corporate persons 12
corrosive (classification) 202
COSHH Action Plan 217
COSHH compliance procedures 216
counselling services 164, 182
County Courts 4, 47
Court of Appeal 4, 47–48
Court of Appeal ‘propositions’ and
guidance (stress induced injury)
162–66
Courts and Tribunals 46–48
criminal courts 4
criminal liability 4, 255
critical task analysis 120
Crown Court 47
crown property 13
current trends in health and safety
legislation 40–41
daily personal noise exposure 288
damage control 97
danger (definition) 89
danger zones 241
dangerous for the environment
(classification) 203
dangerous occurrences 80–81, 89
dangerous parts of machinery 225
dangerous substances 198–221, 240,
298
data collection 72
decibels 286–87
decision making 52
declarations (tribunals) 133
Department of Social Security 75
depression 161
dermatitis 93, 198
designers’ duties 256–57
designers, manufacturers, importers
and suppliers’ duties 6–7
desynchronisation of body rhythms
125
detoxification 204
diesel storage 303
dietary factors 125
dilution ventilation 285
direct contact (electricity) 245
direct costs of accidents 85–86
direct observation 76
Disability Discrimination Act 1995
39–40, 131–34
disability glare 281
disabled workers 39–40, 294
disciplinary procedures 34
discomfort glare 282
discrimination (disability) 131–32
dismissal, actual or constructive 48
display factors 138–39
display screen equipment 139–46
display screen requirements 144
distance guard 229
distance, protection by 290
distress 157
distribution (lighting) 282
documentation and record keeping
requirements 41–43,97–98
doors and gates in workplaces 251
dose 198, 206
dose limitation 291
dose records 291
dose-response relationship 206
drills and drilling machines 302
drinking water 293
drive shafts to mobile work equipment
275
drowning, prevention or avoidance
260
drug and alcohol abuse 124–25
drugs in the workplace 187
dry powder appliances 237
dupuytren’s contracture 141
313
IndexDuration Rate 103
dust in substantial quantities 208
duties (hierarchy of) 23
duty holders 244, 258
duty of care 133
ear protection zones 287
earth continuity test 248
earth leakage circuit breaker 245
earthing 245
eating meals, facilities for 293
economic considerations 71
effective reflectance values 282
egress form workplace 4
ejection hazards (machinery) 228
electric shock 246–47
electric welding 302
electrical appliances 247–48, 297–98
electrical protection 245–46
electrical safety 244–49
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
108, 244
elevated storage areas 302
elevators 270–71
elimination of risk 106
emergency procedures 66–68,
192–95, 241, 260, 291
emergency routes, exits and doors
241
emergency services, information to
241
employees’ duties 5, 29, 242, 287
employers’ duties 4, 5, 36, 92, 169
employers’ duties at common law
43, 44
employers’ obligations (stress)
164–65
Employment Medical Advisory
Service 49, 180–81
Employment Rights Act 39
Employment Tribunals 48, 133
Enabling Act 8
enclosure 106
enforcement 4
Enforcement Notice 243
engineering safety 225–33
entanglement hazards 227–28
entry to premises 9
environment 4
environmental control 182, 278–85
environmental factors 90, 120, 136,
277–85
epicondylitis 141
ergonomic applications 120
ergonomics 136–55
escalators in workplaces 251
European Court of Justice 48
European Directives 3, 40, 73
examinations and investigations 10
excavations 259
exhaust/extract ventilation 283–85
explosive (classification) 202
external services 27
extremely flammable (classification)
202
eye and eyesight tests 143
eye injuries 195
Factories Acts 1937 & 1961 3
Factory Act 1833 3
Factory and Workshop Act 1901 3
fail safe systems 121
failure to comply with notice 11–12
falls or falling objects 250, 259, 261
Family Division 47
files 303
Fire and Rescue authorities 4
fire appliances 236–37
fire drills 241
fire extinction 235–36
fire fighting equipment 240
fire fighting measures 241
fire instruction notice 240
fire precautions in offices 299–300
fire protection systems 237, 238
fire risk assessment 239
fire spread 235
Fire Triangle 234
flammable (classification) 202
first aid (definition) 189
314
Indexfirst aid and emergency services 178,
182
first aid boxes 190–91
first aid equipment 191
first aid – HSE Guidance 192–95
first aid personnel 190, 191, 196
first aid principles 195–96
first aid requirements 189
first aid rooms 190
fixed guard 229
flight or fight response 156
flammable wastes 303
floors and traffic routes 250, 302
foam appliances 236
foreseeability test 163
fork lift trucks 271–75
form taken by a substance 198
Frequency Rate 103
furniture and fittings 297
fuses 245
gas welding 302
gates in workplaces 251
general fire precautions (definition)
239
generic risk assessment 104, 105
glare 281–82
glare and screen reflections 145–46
‘green field’ sites 262
gross negligence 15
Guidance Note EH 40 Occupational
exposure limits 209–11
Guidance Notes (HSE) 9, 74
guideline weights for lifting 152
guillotines 299, 303
hacksaws 303
hand lamps 303
hand tools 303
handling and storage (dangerous
substances) 211–12
harmful (classification) 202
hazard (definition) 89
Hazard and Operability Studies
(HAZOPS) 97
hazard reporting 34
hazard warning symbols 204
head protection 255
Health and Morals of Apprentices Act
180 23
health and safety assistance 26,
106–07
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
3, 4, 8, 33, 56, 255
Health and Safety Commission 8
Health and Safety (Consultation with
Employees) Regulations 1996 19
Health and Safety (Display Screen
Equipment) Regulations 1992
37, 141–46
Health and Safety Executive 4, 8, 49
health and safety files 257
Health and Safety (First Aid)
Regulations 1981 189–92
Health and Safety (Information for
Employees) Regulations 1999
49, 300
health and safety management 51–78
health and safety managers, advisers
and safety officers 111–12
health and safety plans 258
health and safety practitioners
110–14
health and safety systems 98, 99
health and safety training 4, 28–29,
34, 91, 106, 128–31, 143, 225
health education 182
health records 183, 220
health risk assessment 214–17
health surveillance 26, 178, 181, 216,
218–20
healthy lifestyle 187
hearing protection 287
heat requirements 146
hernia (rupture) 147
hierarchy of duties 23
High Court of Justice 4, 47
highly flammable (classification) 202
home working 35–37
horseplay situations 93
315
Indexhost employers 33
housekeeping 296–97
house of lords 4, 7, 48
human capability and fallibility
119–20
human characteristics 137
human error 28, 121–23
human factors 119–34
human system 136
humidity control 146
illuminance 279
illuminance ratios for adjacent areas
281
implantation 206
Improvement Notices 11–14, 16, 48
inadequate design 121
inadequate information 121
Incident Rate 103
incident recall 77
incidents 89
indirect contact (electricity) 245
indirect costs of accidents 85–86
individual capability factors (manual
handling) 153
individual susceptibility 198
information, instruction and training,
provision of 4, 6, 27, 33, 100–01,
106, 143, 178, 225, 241–42,
273–74, 287, 291
information sources 73–77
ingestion 206
inguinal hernia 147
inhalation 205
injection 206
injury – manual handling (definition)
150
in-running nips 227, 268–69
inspection pits 302
inspectors, powers of 9–15
Institution of Occupational Safety and
Health (IOSH) 75, 112
insurance 262
insurance companies 68, 75
interface between computer and
operator/user 146
interlocking guard 229–30
intoxication 203
Inverse Square Law 290
investigation costs 86
involuntary manslaughter 15
involvement and consultation 60
ionisation 289
ionising radiation dose 291
ionising radiation hazards 289
Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999
291–92
irritant (classification) 202
ISO 14001: The Plan-Do-Act-CheckAct Cycle 58–61
jacking operations 303
jewellery risks 307
job descriptions 76
job design 120
job safety analysis 76, 95
job satisfaction 159
joint consultation 18–21
justification (disability) 132
keyboard requirements 144
labelling requirements (dangerous
substances) 201
lack of understanding 121
ladders 261, 303
lapses of attention 122
lathes 303
lawful visitors 33, 45
Law Reports 43
layout of work areas 138, 277
legal considerations 71
liaison with enforcement agencies
183
Lifting Operations and Lifting
Equipment Regulations 1998
110, 231–32
lifting tackle 302
316
Indexligamental and muscular strain
147–48
lighting distribution 282
lighting in the workplace 279–83
lighting requirements 145, 252
Limiting Glare Indices 282
load (definition) 150
load factors (manual handling) 153
local authorities 4
local effect 205
local rules (radiation) 291
location and layout of workplaces
277–78
lone working situations 37–38
long-term exposure limits 211
long-term sickness absence 184–85
lost time costs 86
low-volume high-velocity (LVHV)
systems 284–85
lumen 279
luminosity 282
lux 279–80
lymphatic system 208
machine controls 303
machinery guards and safety devices
106, 229–31
machinery manufacturers 287
machinery safety 226–32
macrophages 208
Magistrates Court 46
maintenance requirements 225, 241
maintenance work 265–66
Management of Health and Safety at
Work Regulations 1999 25–32,
33, 40, 218–19
management performance 52, 53
management principles 51–53
management review 64
Management Standards (HSE)(stress)
166–67
managerial stress 157, 158
man-machine interface 136–37
manslaughter 15
manual handling considerations 154,
298
manual handling injuries and
conditions 146–48
manual handling operations 37, 150
Manual Handling Operations
Regulations 1992 150–53
manual handling risk assessment
151–53
manual handling techniques 148
manufacturers’ information and
instructions 74–75
materials for use at work 90–91
maximum exposure limit 208,
209–10
maximum ratios of illuminance 281
Mean Duration Rate 103
mechanical handling 268–76
mechanical handling systems 268–71
mechanical restraint devices 231
medical surveillance 219
medical suspension payment 48
Memorandum of Guidance 244
mental impairment 131
mental match 28
method statements 263–65
mines and quarries 3
minimum measured illuminance
values 279–80
misperceptions 122
mistaken actions 122
mistaken priorities 122–23
mobile work equipment 271–75
motivating factors 121
moving walkways in workplaces 251
murder 15
mutagenic (classification) 203
nasal filtration 207
National Examination Board in
Occupational Safety and Health
(NEBOSH) 112
near misses 83, 85
negligence 4, 44, 169
317
Indexnew and expectant mothers 29–31,
38,39
night workers 124–26
non-occupational disease 182
noise 286–88, 302
noise action levels 288
Noise at Work Regulations 1989
198, 287–88
noise control 287–88
noise exposure assessment 288
noise form display screen equipment
146
noise sources, pathways and control
measures 288
non-employees, duties to 5
non-unionised employees 19
notifiable injuries 79–80
occupational cancers 198
occupational diseases and conditions
177–89
Occupational Exposure Limits 206,
208–211
occupational exposure standard
208–10
occupational health nurses 110–11,
220
occupational health schemes 181–83
occupational hygiene (definition)
113–14
occupational hygiene practice 178,
182
occupational hygienists 113–14
occupational physicians 113, 220
occupiers’ liability 44–46
Occupiers Liability Act 1957
33, 45
occupiers of premises 5
office equipment 299
office health and safety audit 300–01
offices 296–301
Offices, Shops and Railway Premises
Act 1963 300
operating instructions 120
operational stress 140
operator (display screen equipment)
142
operator fatigue 139
organisation for health and safety 22,
55
organisational characteristics 119–20
overcrowding in workplaces
277–78
overrun devices 230–31
oxidising (classification) 202
packaging requirements 201
parliamentary process 7
part-time workers 124–26
passive learning methods 130
passport schemes 34–35
penalties 13
performance measurement 55–56,
66
peritendinitis 141
permanent threshold shift 286
Permit to Drive 272–73
Permit to Work systems 95–96, 246
personal experience of tasks 76–77
personal conduct 300
personal factors 120–21
personal hygiene 93
personal injury (definition) 14
personal protective equipment
91–93, 94, 106, 178, 274, 287
Personal Protective Equipment at
Work Regulations 1992 91–93
personality and stress 159–60
pervasion 205
phagocytes 208
physical health hazards 177, 179, 180
physical impairment 131
physical match 28
physical stressors 157
physical violence 168
placing people in suitable work 181
planned motivation schemes 123,
124
planning approach 55, 60–61
planning supervisors 256
318
Indexplant and machinery 4, 90
pneumoconioses 198
portable electrical appliances 247,
248
positive stress 156
post-traumatic stress disorder 172
postural fatigue 140
posture138
practicable 23
pregnant workers 29–31, 38–39, 93,
293
preparation (definition) 199
prescribed diseases 179
Pressure Systems Safety Regulations
2000 108
prevention and control procedures
99, 100, 170, 171
primary irritant 205
primary monitoring 181
principal contractors 256
principles of accident prevention
88–114
principles of prevention 26, 32
procedures for serious and imminent
danger 26–27, 66
processes and process control 91, 94
product complaints 77
product liability 6, 7
production costs 86
professional institutions and trade
associations 75
progressive chronic effect 205
prohibition 93, 94
Prohibition Notices 11–14, 17, 48,
243
prolapsed intervertebral disc 147
prosecution 12
protective mechanisms – particulate
matter 207–08
Provision and Use of Work
Equipment Regulations 1998
225 , 226, 274, 275
psychiatric illness 166
psychological violence 169
pure risks 68
Queen’s Bench 47
racking safety 304
radiation 288–92
radiation from display screen
equipment 146
radiation protection advisers 291
radiological protection 290
ratio decidendi 43, 74
reasonable care 5
reasonably practicable 9, 23
receptor systems 284
reciprocating traps 227
reckless manslaughter 15
record keeping requirements 41–43,
195
reduced voltage 246, 247
reducing error and influencing
behaviour – HS(G)48 119, 121
reflected glare 281
regulating the contractor 262–66
regulations 8, 73
Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order
2005 238–43
relative humidity 279
relevant person 238
relevant statutory provisions 5, 14,
25
repetitive strain injury 140, 141
reportable diseases 179
reportable injuries and diseases 79,
80, 81
Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and
Dangerous Occurrences
Regulations 1985 79–85, 179
reporting, recording and investigation
of injuries, diseases and dangerous
occurrences 79–87
residual current devices 245–46
respiratory protective equipment 291
responsible persons 79, 238, 239–42
rest facilities 293
rheumatism 148
risk (definition) 68, 89
risk analysis and evaluation 69, 71
319
Indexrisk assessment 25, 26, 36, 37, 38,
40, 61, 62, 66, 67, 92, 103–06,
142, 151–53, 169, 170, 214–17, 228,
229, 232, 239, 240, 291
risk avoidance 71–72
risk/hazard control 105–06
risk identification 69, 70, 71
risk management 68–73
risk phrases 201
risk prevention or control 69, 70
risk reduction 72
risk retention 72
risk transfer 72
risk, types of 71
Robens Report 3
role ambiguity 159
role conflict 159
role overload 159
Role Theory 157, 159
routes of entry (hazardous substances)
198, 205–06
Royal Society for the Prevention of
Accidents (RoSPA) 112
rules for the management of
construction work 263
safe person strategies 91–93
safe places of work 259
safe place strategies 90, 91
safe premises 90
safe systems of work 4, 38, 91,
94–96, 106, 246
safety advisers 21
safety audits 63, 64, 96, 97–101
safety committees 19–21
safety culture 126–27
safety data sheets 200, 201, 212
safety devices (machinery) 230, 231
safety incentive schemes 123, 124
safety inspections 34, 36, 96, 97
safety method statements 263–65
safety monitoring 53, 62, 63, 96–106
safety officer duties 112
safety organisations 75
safety phrases 201
safety representatives 18, 48
Safety Representatives and Safety
Committees Regulations 1977
18, 19, 107
safety sampling 97, 102
safety surveys 96
safety tours 96
sanitary conveniences 292
screen breaks 142
sealed sources of radiation 289, 291
seating and posture 145
seating requirements 144–45
secondary cutaneous sensitisers 206
secondary monitoring 181
Secretary of State for Employment 8
self-propelled work equipment 275
sensitising (classifications) 203
separation (hazardous substances) 212
serious and imminent danger 26–27
Severity Rate 103
shared workplaces 242
shearing traps 227
Sheriff Court 46
shielding 290
shift workers 124–26
short-term exposure limits 211
short-term sickness absence 186
sickness absence control 183–86
sickness absence monitoring 186
sickness absence procedure 185
Sickness Absence Rate 103
sievert 289
site-wide issues 260–61
skin annotation 211
skylights in workplaces 251
sleep deprivation 125
slipped disc 147
smoking at work 186–87
social and humanitarian
considerations 71
social or psychological stress 157
Social Security Act 1975 179
Social Security (Industrial
Injuries)(Prescribed Diseases)
Regulations 1985 179, 206
320
Indexsolvents 304
sound pressure level meter 286
space requirements 145, 277
spacing: height ratio 282
special technical and organisational
measures 238–39
speculative risks 68
Statements of Health and Safety Policy
21–23, 36, 53, 55, 58–9, 75,
126
Statement of Intent 22
status review of health and safety
management system 58
statutes 7, 73
statutory instruments 8, 73
statutory provisions 4
strangulated hernia 147
stress (definitions) 156
stress at work 38, 156–74
stress effects 161
strict liability 23
structural features of premises
(disability) 133
structural safety 250–53
structures, work on 259
sub-acute effect 205
substance (definition) 7, 199, 213
substance hazardous to health
(definition) 208, 213–14
substances for use at work 4, 6–7
substantial and long-term adverse
effects (disability) 131
substitution 94
Successful health and safety
management – HS(G) 65 55,
56, 59
supervised areas 291
supervision and control 91, 106
supervisors and health and safety
53–4
supplier (definition) 198
supply requirements (hazardous
substances) 199
systematic training 128–29
systemic effect 205
target organs 207
target systems 207
task analysis 76
task factors (manual handling)
152–53
task illuminance factor 282
temperature control in the workplace
278–79, 302
temporary threshold shift 286
temporary workers 29
tendonitis 141
tenosynovitis 140–41
testing and examination (articles and
substances) 6
Three Mile Island incident 122
threshold dose 207
Threshold Limit Values 206–07
time limitation 286, 290
tissue response 208
total working system 137
toxic (classification) 202
toxic for reproduction (classification)
203
toxicity (definition) 203
toxicology (definition) 203
toxicology, principles of 203–08
traffic routes in workplaces 250, 260
traffic systems in workplaces 251,
252
training (definition) 128
training needs 129, 261
training plan and programme 129,
130
traps (machinery) 227, 228, 268,
269
travelling first aid kits 190, 192
treatment costs 86
treatment services 181
trespassers 45, 46
tribunals 48
trigger finger and trigger thumb 141
trip devices 230
tunnel guard 270
tunnel vision 122
two hand control devices 230
321
IndexUnfair Contract Terms Act 1977 45
unsafe behaviour 93
unsealed sources of radiation 290
use (work equipment) 225
user (display screen equipment) 37,
142
vapourising liquid appliances 237
vehicle lifts 303
vehicle ramps 303
vehicle washing 303
ventilation of the workplace 283–85,
302
ventilators in workplaces 251
very toxic (classification) 202
victims of violence 171
violence at work 167–72
visual fatigue 139, 140
vision requirements 137
vision screening 139
visitors to premises 5
vulnerable groups 38–40, 93, 182
warning notices 45
warning symbols 201
washing facilities 292, 293
waste disposal 303
water appliances 236
welding equipment 302
welfare arrangements 4, 178, 260,
292–94
wilfulness 123
windows in workplaces 251
Wiring Regulations 244
women at work 160, 161
woodworking machinery 303
work away from base 32, 33, 34
work chairs 144–45
work desks and work surfaces 144
work equipment (definition) 225
work equipment risk assessment
228–29 , 232
work equipment (selection of) 226
working environment 4
working environment factors (manual
handling) 153
Working Group on the Assessment of
Toxic Chemicals (WATCH) 210
workplaces 4, 138
work patterns 120
Workplace (Health, Safety and
Welfare) Regulations 1992
250–52, 277, 278, 283, 292–94
work rate 138
work-related health hazards 178,
180
work-related upper limb disorders
140–41
work study techniques 76
works of an equivalent nature 9
workshop safety 301–04
workstation (definition) 143
writer’s cramp 141
written procedures 106
young persons 25, 26, 31, 39
كلمة سر فك الضغط : books-world.net
The Unzip Password : books-world.net
تعليقات