Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
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Richard G. Budynas , J. Keith Nisbett
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Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design Tenth Edition
Richard G. Budynas
Professor Emeritus, Kate Gleason College of Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology
J. Keith Nisbett
Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology
Brief Contents
Preface xv
Part Basics
Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Design
Materials
Load and Stress Analysis
Deflection and Stiffness
Part Failure Prevention
Failures Resulting from Static Loading
Fatigue Failure Resulting from Variable Loading
Part Design of Mechanical Elements
Shafts and Shaft Components
Screws, Fasteners, and the Design
of Nonpermanent Joints
Welding, Bonding, and the Design
of Permanent Joints
Mechanical Springs
Rolling-Contact Bearings
Lubrication and Journal Bearings
Gears—General
Spur and Helical Gears
Bevel and Worm Gears
Clutches, Brakes, Couplings, and Flywheels
Flexible Mechanical Elements
Power Transmission Case Study Brief Contents ix
Part Special Topics
Finite-Element Analysis
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
Appendixes
A Useful Tables
B Answers to Selected Problems
Index
Contents
Preface xv
Part Basics
Introduction to Mechanical
Engineering Design
– Design
– Mechanical Engineering Design
– Phases and Interactions of the Design
Process
– Design Tools and Resources
– The Design Engineer’s Professional
Responsibilities
– Standards and Codes
– Economics
– Safety and Product Liability
– Stress and Strength
– Uncertainty
– Design Factor and Factor of Safety
– Reliability and Probability of Failure
– Relating the Design Factor to Reliability
– Dimensions and Tolerances
– Units
– Calculations and Significant Figures
– Design Topic Interdependencies
– Power Transmission Case Study
Specifications
Problems
Materials
– Material Strength and Stiffness
– The Statistical Significance of Material
Properties
– Strength and Cold Work
– Hardness
– Impact Properties
– Temperature Effects
– Numbering Systems
– Sand Casting
– Shell Molding
– Investment Casting
– Powder-Metallurgy Process
– Hot-Working Processes
– Cold-Working Processes
– The Heat Treatment of Steel
– Alloy Steels
– Corrosion-Resistant Steels
– Casting Materials
– Nonferrous Metals
– Plastics
– Composite Materials
– Materials Selection
Problems
Load and Stress
Analysis
– Equilibrium and Free-Body Diagrams
– Shear Force and Bending Moments in
Beams
– Singularity Functions
– Stress
– Cartesian Stress Components
– Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress
– General Three-Dimensional Stress
– Elastic Strain
– Uniformly Distributed Stresses
– Normal Stresses for Beams in Bending
– Shear Stresses for Beams in Bending
– Torsion
– Stress Concentration Contents xi
– Stresses in Pressurized Cylinders
– Stresses in Rotating Rings
– Press and Shrink Fits
– Temperature Effects
– Curved Beams in Bending
– Contact Stresses
– Summary
Problems
Deflection and
Stiffness
– Spring Rates
– Tension, Compression, and Torsion
– Deflection Due to Bending
– Beam Deflection Methods
– Beam Deflections by Superposition
– Beam Deflections by Singularity
Functions
– Strain Energy
– Castigliano’s Theorem
– Deflection of Curved Members
– Statically Indeterminate Problems
– Compression Members—General
– Long Columns with Central Loading
– Intermediate-Length Columns with Central
Loading
– Columns with Eccentric Loading
– Struts or Short Compression Members
– Elastic Stability
– Shock and Impact
Problems
Part Failure Prevention
Failures Resulting from
Static Loading
– Static Strength
– Stress Concentration
– Failure Theories
– Maximum-Shear-Stress Theory for Ductile
Materials
– Distortion-Energy Theory for Ductile
Materials
– Coulomb-Mohr Theory for Ductile
Materials
– Failure of Ductile Materials
Summary
– Maximum-Normal-Stress Theory for
Brittle Materials
– Modifications of the Mohr Theory for
Brittle Materials
– Failure of Brittle Materials Summary
– Selection of Failure Criteria
– Introduction to Fracture Mechanics
– Important Design Equations
Problems
Fatigue Failure Resulting
from Variable Loading
– Introduction to Fatigue in Metals
– Approach to Fatigue Failure in Analysis
and Design
– Fatigue-Life Methods
– The Stress-Life Method
– The Strain-Life Method
– The Linear-Elastic Fracture Mechanics
Method
– The Endurance Limit
– Fatigue Strength
– Endurance Limit Modifying
Factors
– Stress Concentration and Notch
Sensitivity
– Characterizing Fluctuating Stresses
– Fatigue Failure Criteria for Fluctuating
Stress
– Torsional Fatigue Strength under Fluctuating
Stresses
– Combinations of Loading Modes
– Varying, Fluctuating Stresses; Cumulative
Fatigue Damage
– Surface Fatigue Strength
– Road Maps and Important Design Equations
for the Stress-Life Method
Problems xii Mechanical Engineering Design
Part Design of Mechanical
Elements
Shafts and Shaft
Components
– Introduction
– Shaft Materials
– Shaft Layout
– Shaft Design for Stress
– Deflection Considerations
– Critical Speeds for Shafts
– Miscellaneous Shaft Components
– Limits and Fits
Problems
Screws, Fasteners, and the
Design of Nonpermanent
Joints
– Thread Standards and Definitions
– The Mechanics of Power Screws
– Threaded Fasteners
– Joints—Fastener Stiffness
– Joints—Member Stiffness
– Bolt Strength
– Tension Joints—The External Load
– Relating Bolt Torque to Bolt Tension
– Statically Loaded Tension Joint with
Preload
– Gasketed Joints
– Fatigue Loading of Tension Joints
– Bolted and Riveted Joints Loaded in
Shear
Problems
Welding, Bonding, and
the Design of Permanent
Joints
– Welding Symbols
– Butt and Fillet Welds
– Stresses in Welded Joints in Torsion
– Stresses in Welded Joints in Bending
– The Strength of Welded Joints
– Static Loading
– Fatigue Loading
– Resistance Welding
– Adhesive Bonding
Problems
Mechanical Springs
– Stresses in Helical Springs
– The Curvature Effect
– Deflection of Helical Springs
– Compression Springs
– Stability
– Spring Materials
– Helical Compression Spring Design for Static
Service
– Critical Frequency of Helical Springs
– Fatigue Loading of Helical Compression
Springs
– Helical Compression Spring Design for
Fatigue Loading
– Extension Springs
– Helical Coil Torsion Springs
– Belleville Springs
– Miscellaneous Springs
– Summary
Problems
Rolling-Contact
Bearings
– Bearing Types
– Bearing Life
– Bearing Load Life at Rated Reliability
– Reliability versus Life—The Weibull
Distribution
– Relating Load, Life, and Reliability
– Combined Radial and Thrust Loading
– Variable Loading
– Selection of Ball and Cylindrical Roller
Bearings
– Selection of Tapered Roller Bearings
– Design Assessment for Selected RollingContact Bearings Contents xiii
– Lubrication
– Mounting and Enclosure
Problems
Lubrication and Journal
Bearings
– Types of Lubrication
– Viscosity
– Petroff’s Equation
– Stable Lubrication
– Thick-Film Lubrication
– Hydrodynamic Theory
– Design Considerations
– The Relations of the Variables
– Steady-State Conditions in Self-Contained
Bearings
– Clearance
– Pressure-Fed Bearings
– Loads and Materials
– Bearing Types
– Thrust Bearings
– Boundary-Lubricated Bearings
Problems
Gears—General
– Types of Gears
– Nomenclature
– Conjugate Action
– Involute Properties
– Fundamentals
– Contact Ratio
– Interference
– The Forming of Gear Teeth
– Straight Bevel Gears
– Parallel Helical Gears
– Worm Gears
– Tooth Systems
– Gear Trains
– Force Analysis—Spur Gearing
– Force Analysis—Bevel Gearing
– Force Analysis—Helical Gearing
– Force Analysis—Worm Gearing
Problems
Spur and Helical Gears
– The Lewis Bending Equation
– Surface Durability
– AGMA Stress Equations
– AGMA Strength Equations
– Geometry Factors I and J (ZI and YJ)
– The Elastic Coefficient C
p (ZE)
– Dynamic Factor Kv
– Overload Factor K
o
– Surface Condition Factor C
f (ZR)
– Size Factor K
s
– Load-Distribution Factor K
m (KH)
– Hardness-Ratio Factor CH (ZW)
– Stress-Cycle Factors YN and ZN
– Reliability Factor KR (YZ)
– Temperature Factor KT (Yu)
– Rim-Thickness Factor KB
– Safety Factors SF and SH
– Analysis
– Design of a Gear Mesh
Problems
Bevel and Worm Gears
– Bevel Gearing—General
– Bevel-Gear Stresses and Strengths
– AGMA Equation Factors
– Straight-Bevel Gear Analysis
– Design of a Straight-Bevel Gear Mesh
– Worm Gearing—AGMA Equation
– Worm-Gear Analysis
– Designing a Worm-Gear Mesh
– Buckingham Wear Load
Problems
Clutches, Brakes, Couplings,
and Flywheels
– Static Analysis of Clutches and Brakes
– Internal Expanding Rim Clutches and
Brakes xiv Mechanical Engineering Design
– External Contracting Rim Clutches and
Brakes
– Band-Type Clutches and Brakes
– Frictional-Contact Axial Clutches
– Disk Brakes
– Cone Clutches and Brakes
– Energy Considerations
– Temperature Rise
– Friction Materials
– Miscellaneous Clutches and Couplings
– Flywheels
Problems
Flexible Mechanical
Elements
– Belts
– Flat- and Round-Belt Drives
– V Belts
– Timing Belts
– Roller Chain
– Wire Rope
– Flexible Shafts
Problems
Power Transmission
Case Study
– Design Sequence for Power Transmission
– Power and Torque Requirements
– Gear Specification
– Shaft Layout
– Force Analysis
– Shaft Material Selection
– Shaft Design for Stress
– Shaft Design for Deflection
– Bearing Selection
– Key and Retaining Ring Selection
– Final Analysis
Problems
Part Special Topics
Finite-Element Analysis
– The Finite-Element Method
– Element Geometries
– The Finite-Element Solution Process
– Mesh Generation
– Load Application
– Boundary Conditions
– Modeling Techniques
– Thermal Stresses
– Critical Buckling Load
– Vibration Analysis
– Summary
Problems
Geometric Dimensioning
and Tolerancing
– Dimensioning and Tolerancing
Systems
– Definition of Geometric Dimensioning
and Tolerancing
– Datums
– Controlling Geometric Tolerances
– Geometric Characteristic Definitions
– Material Condition Modifiers
– Practical Implementation
– GD&T in CAD Models
– Glossary of GD&T Terms
Problems
Appendixes
A Useful Tables
B Answers to Selected
Problems
Index
Axis, defined,
Axle, defined,
BB
life,
Backlash,
Bainite,
Bairstow, L.,
Ball bearings, –
Ball bushings,
Band-type clutches and brakes, –
Barth, Carl G.,
Barth equation,
Base circle, –
Base pitch,
Basic dimension, , ,
Basic Dynamic Load Rating,
Basic size (limits and fits), –
Basic static load rating, –
Bauschinger’s theory,
Beach marks, – ,
Beams
with asymmetrical sections, –
in bending, normal stresses for, –
in bending, shear stresses for, –
curved beams in bending, –
deflection due to bending, –
deflection methods, –
deflections by singularity functions,

deflections by superposition, –
shear-force and bending moments in,

shear stress in rectangular,
two-plane bending, –
Bearing characteristic,
Bearing characteristic number, See
Sommerfeld number
Bearing fatigue failure criteria.
Bearing film pressure, – , , ,

Bearing pressure (rope),
Bearing housing heat dissipation,
Bearing life
life measure, ,
rating life,
recommendations for various classes
of machinery,
reliability versus life,
Bearing load life at rated reliability, –
Bearings, journal
alloy characteristics,
boundary-lubricated, –
material choice for, –
thrust bearings, –
types of, –
A
Abrasion,
Absolute system of units,
Absolute tolerance system,
Absolute viscosity, – , –
Acme threads, – ,
Actual mating envelope, – ,

Addendum, , – , ,
Adhesive bonding, –
joint design, –
stress distributions, –
types of adhesive, –
Admiralty metal,
AGMA equation factors
allowable bending stress numbers,
– , –
allowable contact stress, – , –
bending strength geometry factor, ,
– , –
crowning factor for pitting,
dynamic factor, , , , ,

elastic coefficient, , , , ,
geometry factors, – , –
hardness-ratio factor, – , –
lengthwise curvature factor for bending
strength,
load-distribution factor, , – ,
overload factor, , , – ,
pitting resistance geometry factor, ,
, – , –
reliability factor, – , –
reversed loading,
rim-thickness factor, , –
safety factors, ,
size factor, , ,
stress-cycle factor, – , – ,

surface condition factor, ,
surface-strength geometry factor,

temperature factor, ,
AGMA gear method
bevel gears, , –
helical gears, –
spur gears, –
worm gears, –
AGMA quality numbers,
AGMA transmission accuracy-level
number,
Alignment (bearings),
Allowable stress numbers (spur gears),
Allowance,
Alloy cast irons,
Alloy steels, –
Alternating and midrange von Mises
stresses, ,
Alternating stresses, , ,
equivalent reversing stress (Ex. – ),
Aluminum, – ,
Aluminum brass,
Aluminum bronze,
American Bearing Manufacturers
Association (ABMA), ,
American Chain Association (ACA),
American Gear Manufacturers Association
(AGMA), , , , ,
nomenclature, – , –
strength equations, – ,
stress equations, – , ,
American Institute of Steel Construction
(AISC), , –
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI),
,
American National (Unified) thread
standard,
American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM), , , ,
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(ASME), , – , ,
American Welding Society (AWS), ,

Amplitude ratio (stress),
Anaerobic adhesives,
Analysis and optimization,
Angle of action,
Angle of approach,
Angle of articulation,
Angle of recess,
Angle of twist, – ,
Angularity control, – ,
Angular-velocity ratio, , ,
Annealing, –
Anodizing,
Antifriction bearing. See Rolling-contact
bearings
Arc of action,
Arc of approach,
Arc of recess,
Area principal axes,
Arrow side (weld symbol),
Ashby, M. F.,
ASME-elliptic line, – , , ,
, , ,
Associated Spring,
Austenitic chromium-nickel steels, ,
Automotive valve-spring surge, ,
Average life (bearings),
Axial clutches, –
Axial layout, for shaft components,
Axial pitch, ,

Index Mechanical Engineering Design
Catalog load rating, rolling-contactbearings,
Catastrophic failure, buckling,
Centrifugal castings, ,
Centrifugal clutch,
Centrifugal force, belts,
Centroidal axis
columns, , ,
curved beams, –
straight beams, ,
Ceramics, ,
Cermet pads,
CES Edupack software,
Chain dimensioning,
Chain drives, –
Chain velocity,
Charpy notched-bar test, –
Chordal speed variation,
Choudury, M.,
Chrome-silicon wire, ,
Chrome-vanadium wire, ,
Chromium, ,
Chromium-nickel steels, ,
Circular pad caliper brake, –
Circular runout control, , –
Circularity control, – , –
Circular pitch, – , , – ,
Clamshell marks,
Clearance,
journal bearings, , –
preferred fits,
spur gears,
straight bevel gears, ,
Clearance circle,
Close running fit,
Closed ends, springs, –
Close-wound extension springs,
Clough, R. W., ,
Clutches
band-type, –
cone clutches, –
energy considerations, –
external contracting rim, –
friction,
frictional-contact axial, –
friction materials, –
internal expanding rim, –
miscellaneous clutches and couplings,

static analysis of, –
temperature rise, –
torque capacity, ,
uniform pressure, , –
uniform wear, –
Codes, –
Coefficient of friction
clutches and brakes, , , ,
,
flat- and round-belt drives,
interference fits,
threaded fasteners,
journal bearings, – , – ,
power screws, , –
V belt,
worm and worm-gears, , ,

Coefficient of speed fluctuation, –
static analysis of, –
symmetrical pivoted shoe, –
temperature rise, –
wear, – , –
Brass, –
Breakeven points, –
Brinell hardness, , ,
Brittle-Coulomb-Mohr (BCM) theory,

Brittle materials
Brittle-Coulomb-Mohr (BCM) theory,

failure summary,
fatigue failure criteria, –
fracture criteria,
maximum-normal-stress theory for,
modified Mohr (MM) theory, ,
– ,
Smith-Dolan fatigue criteria, –
stress-concentration factor, static loading,

Bronze, –
B life,
Bubble chart, , , –
Buckingham, E., –
Buckingham (pi) method,
Buckingham wear load, –
Burnishing, of gears,
Bushing, , ,
wear, –
Button pad caliper brake, –
Butt welds, , –
C
CAD software, – ,
Calculations and significant figures, –
Caliper brakes, –
Cap screws, ,
Carbon content, , , –
Cartesian stress components, –
Cartridge brass, –
Case hardening,
Case study (power transmission)
bearing selection, –
deflection check, –
design for stress,
final shaft design, –
gear specification, –
key design, –
problem specification, – , –
shaft layout,
speed, torque, and gear ratios, –
Castigliano’s theorem, –
curved beam deflections, –
flat triangular spring deflection,
helical spring deflection, ,
statically indeterminate problems,

Casting alloys,
Casting materials, –
Cast irons, –
endurance limits,
fatigue test data,
minimum strength,
numbering system for,
stress concentration and,
Cast steels, –
Bearings, rolling-contact
bearing life, –
boundary dimensions for, –
combined radial and thrust loading,

lubrication, –
mounting and enclosure, –
parts of,
relating load and life at rated reliability,

relating load and life at other than rated
reliability, –
reliability, –
tapered roller bearings. See Tapered roller
bearings
types of, –
variable loading, –
Bearing stress, , ,
Belleville springs, –
Belt drives
Flat and round belts, –
Flat metal belts,
Timing belts, –
V belts, –
Belts, –
Bending moments in beams, –
Bergsträsser factor,
Beryllium bronze,
Bevel gears, , –
AGMA equation factors, –
AGMA symbols for bevel gear rating
equations, –
bevel gearing, general, –
bevel-gear stresses and strengths,

design of a straight-bevel gear mesh,

straight-bevel gear analysis, –
Bilateral tolerance,
Blake, J. C.,
Bolt preload, , , –
Bolts, – , . See also Joints
relating bolt torque to bolt tension,

strength, –
Bonus tolerance, – ,
Bottom land,
Boundary conditions, –
Boundary elements,
Boundary-lubricated bearings, –
bushing wear, –
linear sliding wear, –
temperature rise, –
Boundary lubrication, , , –
Boundary representation (B-rep),
Bowman Distribution, ,
Boyd, John, –
Brakes
band-type, –
cone, –
disk brakes, –
energy considerations, –
external contracting, –
friction materials, –
internal expanding, –
properties of brake linings,
self-energizing/deenergizing, Index
Derived median line, – ,
Derived median plane, ,
Derived unit,
Design Assessment for Selected RollingContact Bearings, –
Design basics
calculations and significant figures, –
case study specifications, –
categories,
considerations,
design factor/factor of safety, –
dimensions and tolerances, –
economics, –
in general, –
information sources, –
phases and interactions of, –
relating design factor to reliability, –
reliability and probability of failure, –
safety/product liability,
standards and codes, –
stress and strength,
tools and resources, –
topic interdependencies,
uncertainty in, –
units, –
Design engineer
communication and, , –
professional responsibilities of, –
Design factor, , –
Deviation (limits and fits),
Diametral pitch,
Die castings, ,
Dimensions and tolerances. See also
Geometric Dimensioning and
Tolerancing
choice of, –
terminology of, –
systems of, , –
Dimension-series code (ABMA),
Direct load,
Direct mounting of bearings, –
Direct shear, , , –
Discrete distributions,
Discrete mean,
Discrete standard deviation,
Discretization errors, –
Disk brakes, –
circular pad caliper, –
uniform pressure, –
uniform wear, –
Disk clutch, –
Displacement, Castigliano’s theorem,
Distortion-energy (DE) failure theory,
– ,
Distribution
Gaussian (normal),
Weibull, –
Double-enveloping worm gearsets,
Double-row bearings,
Double-threaded screw,
Dowel pin,
Dowling, M. E.,
Drawing (tempering), –
Drive pin,
Drum brake,
Ductile-brittle transition,
Ductile (nodular) cast iron, –
Courant, R.,
Crack growth, – , –
Crack modes and stress intensity factor,

Creep, –
Critical buckling load, –
Critical frequency of helical springs, –
Critical load,
Critical speeds for shafts, –
Critical stress intensity factor, –
Critical unit load,
Crowned pulleys, ,
C load rating, – , – , ,
Cumulative fatigue damage, –
Curvature effect, –
Curved beams in bending
deflections, –
stresses, –
Cylindrical contact, –
Cylindrical roller bearings, , –
Cylindrical worm gear. See Singleenveloping worm gearset
Cylindricity control, – , ,
D
Datsko, Joseph,
Datum, – ,
Datum axis, – , ,
Datum feature, – , – ,
Datum feature symbol, –
Datum feature simulator, – , ,
,
Datum of size,
Datum reference frame, – ,
Decision-making, –
Dedendum,
Deflection
beam deflection methods, –
beam deflections by singularity functions,

beam deflections by superposition,

Castigliano’s theorem, – , – ,
, ,
columns with eccentric loading, –
compression members, general,
deflection due to bending, theory,

deflection of curved members, –
elastic stability,
intermediate-length columns with central
loading,
long columns with central loading,

shock and impact, –
spring rates, –
statically indeterminate problems, –
strain energy, –
struts or short compression members,

tension, compression, and torsion,
Deflection considerations, shafts, –
DE-ASME elliptic equation,
DE-Gerber equation,
DE-Goodman equation,
DE-Soderberg equation,
Degrees of freedom (dof’s),
Coefficients of variance,
Cold forming,
Cold rolling,
Cold working, –
Cold-working processes, –
Collins, J. A.,
Columns
critical load,
with eccentric loading, –
Euler column formula,
intermediate-length with central loading,
long columns with central loading,

parabolic formula,
secant column formula, –
slenderness ratio,
unstable bending,
Commercial bronze,
Commercial seal,
Communication
of design (presentation), –
skills, , –
Completely reversed stress, , , ,
,
Composite materials, –
Compound gear train, –
Compound reverted gear train,
Compression members,
struts or short compression members,

Compression springs. See Helical coil
compression springs
Compression tests, –
Compressive stress,
Computational errors,
Computational tools, –
Computer-aided design (CAD) software,
– ,
Computer-aided engineering (CAE),
Concentricity control, , ,
Concept design, –
Cone angle, , –
Cone clutch, –
uniform pressure,
uniform wear, –
Conical spring, , (Prob. – )
Conjugate action,
Constant-force spring,
Constructive solid geometry (CSG),
Contact adhesives,
Contact fatigue strength, ,
Contact ratio, –
Contact stresses, –
cylindrical contact, –
spherical contact, –
Continuing education,
Continuous probability distributions,
Copper-base alloys, –
Corrosion,
Corrosion-resistant steels, –
Cost considerations. See Economics
Coulomb-Mohr theory for ductile materials,
– , , ,
Coulomb-Mohr theory for brittle materials.
See Brittle-Coulomb-Mohr (BCM)
theory
Couplings, – Mechanical Engineering Design
for threaded elements,
for welds,
Fazekas, G. A.,
Feature, GD&T definition of, ,
Feature control frame, – ,
Feature of size, , – , ,
Feature-relating tolerance zone framework
(FRTZF), – ,
Felt seals,
Ferritic chromium steels, –
Field, J.,
Filler,
Fillet welds, – . See also Welds
Filling notch,
Film pressure, –
Finite element,
Finite-element analysis (FEA), , –
about, –
boundary conditions, –
critical buckling load, –
element geometries, –
element library,
finite-element method, –
finite-element solution process, –
load application, –
mesh generation, –
modeling techniques, –
thermal stresses,
types of errors in, –
vibration analysis, –
Finite-element analysis (FEA) programs,
, ,
Finite-element method, –
Finite-element solution process, –
Finite life,
Finite-life region, –
Firbank, T. C.,
Fit,
Fits
interference fits, –
preferred limits and fits, –
types of,
Fitted bearing,
Flat belts, –
Flat-belt drives, –
Flatness control, – , –
Flexible mechanical elements
belts, –
flat-and round-belt drives, –
flat metal belts, –
flexible shafts, –
roller chain, –
timing belts, –
V belts, –
wire rope, –
Flexible shafts, –
Flexural endurance limit,
Floating caliper brake,
Fluctuating simple loading, –
Fluctuating stresses,
characterization of, –
combinations of loading modes, –
fatigue failure criteria for, –
torsional fatigue strength under,
varying, cumulative fatigue damage,

Fluid lubrication,
Equivalent radial load,
Equivalent vonMises stress,
Euler column formula, ,
Eutectoid steel,
Evaluation,
Expanding-ring clutch,
Extension springs. See Helical coil
extension springs
External contracting rim clutches and
brakes, –
Extreme-pressures (EP) lubricants,
Extrusion, ,
F
Face-contact ratio, , –
Face-to-face mounting (DF),
Face width,
Factor of safety,
Failure, probability of, –
Failure theories, static loading,
brittle materials, –
ductile materials, –
fracture mechanics, –
selection of failure criteria, –
Fasteners, –
stiffness, –
threaded, –
Fatigue failure, defined,
Fatigue failure from variable loading
characterizing fluctuating stresses, –
combinations of loading modes, –
crack formation and propagation,

cumulative damage, –
endurance limit, –
endurance limit modifying factors, –
fatigue failure criteria for fluctuating
stress, –
fatigue-life methods,
fatigue strength, –
fluctuating stresses, – ,
introduction to fatigue in metals, –
linear-elastic fracture mechanics method,

road maps and important design
equations, –
stages of, –
strain-life method, –
stress concentration and notch sensitivity,

stress-life method, –
surface fatigue strength, –
torsional fatigue strength under
fluctuating stresses,
Fatigue limit, . See also Endurance limit
Fatigue loading
of helical compression springs, –
of tension joints, –
of welded joints, –
of wire rope, –
Fatigue problem categories,
Fatigue strength, , –
Fatigue stress-concentration factor. See also
Stress concentration
defined, –
application to fluctuating stresses,
for gear teeth, ,
Ductile materials
Coulomb-Mohr theory for, – ,
distortion-energy theory for, – ,
Dowling method for,
failure summary, –
maximum-shear-stress theory for,
– ,
selection of failure criteria, –
stress-concentration factor, – ,
yield criteria,
Ductility,
Dunkerley’s equation,
Duplexing (bearings),
Durability (life) correlations,
Dynamic loading, stress concentration
effect, , –
Dynamic viscosity,
Dyne,
E
Eccentricity ratio, , , –
Economics, –
breakeven points, –
cost estimates,
large tolerances, –
standard sizes,
Effective arc,
Effective slenderness ratio,
Effective stress,
Efficiency
belt drives,
screw thread, –
wormgearing, , ,
Eigenvalues,
Eigenvectors,
Elastic coefficient, , , , ,

Elastic creep,
Elastic instability, ,
Elasticity, modulus of,
Elastic limit, ,
Elastic strain, –
Elastohydrodynamic lubrication, ,
Elastomers, ,
Electrolytic plating,
Elimination approach,
Enclosures (bearings), –
End-condition constant, ,
Endurance limit, , , –
Endurance limit modifying factors,

loading factor, –
miscellaneous-effects factor, –
reliability factor, –
size factor, –
surface factor, –
temperature factor, –
Engineering stress and strength,
Engineering stress-strain diagrams,
Engineers’ Creed (NSPE),
Engraver’s brass,
Envelope principle, ,
Epicyclic gear trains,
Equilibrium,
Equilibrium and free-body diagrams, –
Equivalent bending load, ,
Equivalent diameter, Index
extension springs, –
fatigue loading of, –
materials used for, –
maximum allowable torsional stresses
for,
stability (buckling), –
for static service, –
stresses in. See Helical springs
set-removal,
Helical coil extension springs, –
ends for,
fatigue analysis, –
load-deflection relation, –
maximum allowable stresses for,
maximum tensile stress, –
static applications, –
Helical coil torsion springs, –
bending stress,
deflection and spring rate, –
end location description, –
fatigue strength, –
static strength,
Helical gears, , – , – . See
also Spur and helical gears, AGMA
Helical springs. See also Helical coil
extension, compression, or torsion
springs
critical frequency of, –
the curvature effect, –
deflection of,
spring rate,
stresses in, –
Helix angle, , –
Hertz, H., ,
Hertzian endurance strength, –
Hertzian stresses, , , . See also
Contact stresses
Hertz theory,
Hexagon-head bolt,
Hexagon-head screw,
Hexagon nuts, –
High-cycle fatigue, –
High-leaded brass,
Hobbing,
Holding power,
Hole basis (limits and fits),
Hooke’s law, , , –
Hoop stress,
Hot-working processes, –
Hrennikoff, A.,
Hydraulic clutches,
Hydrodynamic lubrication, ,
– ,
Hydrostatic lubrication,
Hypoid gears, ,
I
Idle arc,
Impact, –
Impact load,
Impact properties, –
Impact value,
Inch-pound-second system (ips),
Indirect mounting, –
Infinite-life region, –
Influence coefficients,
Injection molding,
milling,
shaping, –
Gear tooth bending, , , ,
Gear tooth wear, , , ,
Gear train value,
Gear trains, –
Gear wear, , , –
General three-dimensional stress, –
Generating line,
Geometric attributes, – ,
Geometric characteristics, – ,
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
(GD&T), , –
basic dimension, , ,
definition of, ,
datum, – ,
feature control frame, – ,
geometric characteristics, – ,
glossary of terms, –
material condition modifiers, – ,
standards,
symbolic language, –
tolerance zone, – ,
Geometric stress-concentration factor, .
See also Stress concentration factor
Geometry factors, –
Gerber fatigue-failure criterion, – ,
, , – , , , ,
Gerber failure line, –
Gib-head key,
Gilding brass,
Global instabilities,
Goodman fatigue failure criterion, ,
– , , , , – ,
,
Goodman failure line, –
Government information sources,
Gravitational system of units,
Gravity loading,
Gray cast iron,
Green, I.,
Griffith, A. A., –
Grip,
Grooved pulleys,
Grossman, M. A.,
Guest theory,
H
Hagen-Poiseuille law,
Ham, C. W.,
Hard-drawn steel spring wire, –
Hardness, –
Hardness-ratio factor, , – ,

Harmonic frequencies,
Harmonics,
Haringx, J. A.,
Heading,
Heat transfer analysis (FEA),
Heat treatment of steel, –
Helical coil compression springs, –
critical frequency of, –
deflection of. See Helical springs
design for fatigue loading, –
design for static service, –
end-condition constants for,
ends, types of, –
Flywheels, , –
Foot-pound-second system (fps),
Force analysis
bevel gearing, –
case study,
helical gearing, –
method, –
spur gearing, –
worm gearing, –
Force fit,
Forging,
Form, in GD&T, – , , ,
Form controls, –
Form cutters,
Fracture mechanics, – ,
crack modes and stress intensity factor,

fracture toughness, –
quasi-static fracture, –
Fracture toughness, –
Free-body diagrams, –
Free-cutting brass,
Free running fit,
Frettage corrosion, and flywheels,
Frictional-contact axial clutches,

Friction materials, for brakes and clutches,

Friction variable,
Full bearing,
Full-film lubrication, ,
Fundamental contact stress equation,
Fundamental deviation (limits and fits),
G
Gamma function,
Gasketed joints,
Gaussian (normal) distribution,
GD&T. See Geometric Dimensioning and
Tolerancing
Gear bending strength, –
Gear mesh design, –
Gears, general, –
AGMA factors. See AGMA equation
factors
conjugate action,
contact ratio, –
force analysis, bevel gearing, –
force analysis, helical gearing, –
force analysis, spur gearing, –
force analysis, worm gearing, –
fundamentals, –
gear teeth formation, –
gear trains, –
interference, –
involute properties,
nomenclature, –
parallel helical gears, –
straight bevel gears, –
tooth systems, –
types of gears, –
Gear strength
spur and helical gears, –
bevel gears, , , , –
Gear teeth formation, –
finishing,
hobbing, Mechanical Engineering Design
lubricant flow, –
lubricant temperature rise, –
Petroff’s equation, –
pressure-fed bearings, –
relations of the variables, –
stable lubrication,
steady-state conditions in self-contained
bearings, –
thick-film lubrication, –
thrust bearings, –
types of lubrication, –
viscosity, –
Lubrication failure,
Lüder lines, –
Lundberg,
M
Macaulay functions, ,
Machine-screw head styles, –
Magnesium,
Magnetic clutches,
Major diameter,
Malleable cast iron,
Manganese, –
Manson, S. S.,
Manson-Coffin equation, ,
Manson’s method, –
Margin of safety,
Marin factors, –
Marin, Joseph,
Martensite, –
Martensitic stainless steels,
Martin, H. C.,
Material condition modifiers,
– ,
Material efficiency coefficient,
Material index,
Materials. See also specific materials
alloy steels, –
casting materials, –
cold-working processes, –
composite materials, –
corrosion-resistant steels, –
families and classes of, –
hardness, –
heat treatment of steel, –
hot-working processes, –
impact properties, –
investment casting,
nonferrous metals, –
numbering systems, –
plastics, –
powder-metallurgy process,
sand casting,
selection of, –
shell molding, –
statistical significance of properties of,

strength and cold work, –
strength and stiffness, –
temperature effects, –
Materials selection charts, –
Mathematical models,
Matrix,
Maximum material boundary, ,
Maximum material condition (MMC), ,
, – ,
Lewis form factor,
Limits, , –
Linear damage hypothesis, ,
Linear elastic fracture mechanics
(LEFM),
Linear-elastic fracture mechanics method,
, –
Linear sliding wear, –
Linear spring,
Line elements,
Line of action, , ,
Line of contact,
Little, R. E.,
Load and stress analysis
Cartesian stress components, –
contact stresses, –
curved beams in bending, –
elastic strain, –
equilibrium and free-body diagrams, –
general three-dimensional stress, –
Mohr’s circle for plane stress, –
normal stresses for beams in bending,

press and shrink fits, –
shear force and bending moments in
beams, –
shear stresses for beams in bending,

singularity functions, –
stress,
stress concentration, –
stresses in pressurized cylinders, –
stresses in rotating rings, –
temperature effects,
torsion, –
uniformly distributed stresses, –
Load application, –
Load application factors,
Load factor, –
Loading factor,
Load intensity, –
Load-life-reliability relationship, ,
Load line,
Load-sharing ratio,
Load-stress factor,
Load zone,
Location, in GD&T, – , , ,
Location controls, –
Locational clearance fit,
Locational interference fit,
Logarithmic strain,
Loose running fit,
Loose-side tension,
Low brass, –
Low-contact-ratio (LCR) helical gears,
Low-cycle fatigue, ,
Lower deviation (limits and fits),
Low-leaded brass,
L life,
Lubrication, of roller bearings, –
Lubrication and journal bearings
bearing types, –
boundary-lubricated bearings, –
clearance, –
design considerations, –
hydrodynamic theory, –
loads and materials, –
Interference
fits, – , –
gear teeth, –
of stress and strength, –
Internal expanding rim clutches and brakes,

drum torque,
shoe forces, –
shoe geometry, –
shoe pressure distribution, –
Internal friction theory,
Internal gear,
Internal-shoe brake,
International System of Units (SI),
International tolerance (IT) grade numbers
(limits and fits),
Internet information sources,
Interpolation equation for lubrication charts,

Invention of the concept, –
Investment casting, ,
Involute helicoid,
Involute profile,
Involute properties,
Isotropic materials,
IT numbers (limits and fits),
Ito, Y., –
Izod notched-bar test, –
J
J. B. Johnson formula, , ,
Joerres, R. E.,
Joints, bolted and riveted
bolted and riveted joints loaded in shear,

fastener stiffness, –
fatigue loading of tension joints, –
gasketed,
member stiffness, –
shear joints with eccentric loading,
statically loaded tension joint with
preload, –
tension joints with external loads, –
Jominy test,
Journal bearing, –
K
Karelitz, G. B., –
Keys and keyways, , –
Kinematic viscosity,
Kips,
Kurtz, H. J.,
L
Labyrinth seal,
Laminates,
Landgraf, R. W.,
Langer criterion, –
Lang-lay ropes,
Lap joints, , ,
Lead,
Least Material Boundary (LMB), ,
,
Least Material Condition (LMC), , ,
– ,
Leibensperger, R. L.,
Lewis, Wilfred,
Lewis bending equation, – Index
Perpendicularity control, – , –
Peterson, R. E.,
Petroff’s equation, –
Phosphor bronze,
Phosphor-bronze wire,
Piecewise-continuous periodic loading
cycle, –
Pilkey, W. D.,
Pillow-block bearings,
Pinion,
Pinion cutter,
Pinion tooth bending, , , ,
Pinion tooth wear, , , ,
Pins, –
Pitch, ,
Pitch circle, , ,
Pitch diameter, , , , –
Pitch length,
Pitch-line velocity, ,
Pitch point, ,
Pitch radius,
Pitting, ,
Pitting resistance, AGMA stress equation,

Pitting-resistance geometry factor, –
Plain end springs,
Plane of analysis,
Plane slider bearing,
Plane stress, – ,
Mohr’s circle shear convention, –
transformation equations,
Planetary gear trains, ,
Planet carrier (arm), ,
Planet gears,
Plastics, –
Pneumatic clutches,
Poise (P),
Poisson’s ratio, ,
Polymers, – ,
Poritsky,
Position control, , –
Positive-contact clutch, –
Potential energy, – ,
Pound-force (lbf),
Powder-metallurgy process, , ,
Power screws, –
Power transmission case study
about,
bearing selection, , –
deflection check,
design for stress,
design sequence for power transmission,

final analysis, ,
force analysis, ,
gear specification, , –
key and retaining ring selection, ,

key design,
power and torque requirements, ,
problem specification, –
shaft design for deflection, , –
shaft design for stress, ,
shaft layout, , –
shaft material selection, ,
specifications, –
speed, torque, and gear ratios, –
Muntz metal,
Music wire, –
N
Natural frequency, , ,
Naval brass,
Needle bearings, ,
Neuber constant,
Neuber equation,
Neutral axis, – ,
Neutral plane,
Newmark, N. M.,
Newtonian fluids,
Newton (N),
Nickel, ,
Nodes,
Nodular cast iron, –
Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH),
Nominal mean stress method,
Nominal size,
Nominal stresses and strengths,
Nonferrous metals, –
Nonlinear softening spring,
Nonlinear stiffening spring,
Normal circular pitch,
Normal diametral pitch,
Normalizing, –
Normal stress,
Norris, C. H.,
Notched-bar tests, –
Notch sensitivity, –
Numbering systems, –
Nuts, – ,
O
Octahedral shear stresses,
Octahedral-shear-stress theory, –
Offset method,
Oil flow, ,
Oiliness agents,
Oil-tempered wire,
Opening crack propagation mode,
Orientation, in GD&T, – , ,
Orientation controls, –
Osgood, C. C.,
Other side (weld symbol),
Overconstrained system,
Overload factors, , , – ,
Overload release clutch, –
Overrunning clutch or coupling,
P
Palmgren-Miner cycle-ratio summation rule,
– ,
Parabolic formula,
Parallel-axis theorem, ,
Parallel helical gears, –
Paris equation,
Parallelism control, – ,
Partial bearing,
Partitioning approach,
Pattern-locating Tolerance Zone Framework
(PLTZF), – ,
Pearlite,
Pedestal bearings,
Peel stresses, ,
Performance factors,
Permanent-mold casting,
Maximum-normal-stress theory for brittle
materials,
Maximum-shear-stress theory (MSS),
– , , ,
Maxwell’s reciprocity theorem,
McHenry, D.,
McKee, S. A.,
McKee, T. R.,
McKee abscissa,
Mean coil diameter,
Mechanical efficiency,
Mechanical springs. See Springs
Median life,
Medium drive fit,
Mesh,
Mesh density,
Mesh generation, –
fully automatic,
manual, –
semiautomatic,
Mesh refinement,
Metal-mold castings,
Metals, ,
nonferrous, –
Metals Handbook (ASM),
Metal spraying,
Metric fastener specifications,
– ,
Milling,
Mindlin,
Miner’s rule, –
Minimum film thickness, – ,
Minimum life,
Minor diameter,
Misalignment, , , ,
Miscellaneous-effects factor, –
Mises-Hencky theory,
Mises stresses, , –
Mixed-film lubrication, –
Modal analysis, –
Mode I, plane strain fracture toughness,
Modeling techniques, –
Modern Steels and Their Properties
Handbook,
Modified Goodman diagram, –
Modified Goodman failure line, –
Modified Goodman fatigue failure criterion.
See Goodman fatigue failure criterion
Modified Mohr (MM) theory, – ,
Module,
Modulus of elasticity, , , – , ,
,
Modulus of elasticity of wire rope,
Modulus of resilience,
Modulus of rigidity, , ,
Modulus of rupture,
Modulus of toughness,
Mohr’s circle for plane stress, –
Mohr theory of failure, , –
Molded-asbestos linings and pads,
Molybdenum, ,
Moment connection,
Moment load (secondary shear),
Monte Carlo computer simulations,
Multiple of rating life,
Multiple-threaded product, ,
Multipoint constraint equations, Mechanical Engineering Design
supporting axial loads,
torque transmission provisions, –
Shafts and shaft components
about,
bearings,
couplings,
critical speeds for shafts, –
defined,
deflection considerations, –
flexible, –
keys and pins, –
layout, –
limits and fits, –
materials for, –
retaining rings,
setscrews, –
shaft design for stress, –
Shaping, –
Shear-energy theory,
Shear force in beams, –
Shear-lag model, ,
Shear loaded bolted and riveted joints,

Shear modulus, ,
Shear stress-correction factor,
Shear yield strength, , , ,
Sheaves,
Shell molding, – ,
Shock, –
Shot peening, , ,
Shoulders, – , – , – ,
,
Shrink fits, –
Significant figures, –
Silicon,
Silicon bronze,
Sines failure criterion, ,
Single-enveloping (cylindrical) worm
gearset, , . See also Worm gears
Single-row bearing, –
Singularity functions, , – , –
Sintered-metal pads,
Size factor, – , ,
Slenderness ratio, ,
Sliding fit, ,
Sliding mode,
Sliding velocity, –
Slug,
Smith-Dolan locus, –
Smith, G. M.,
Smith, James O.,
Smith-Liu,
S-N diagram. See Strength-life diagram
Snug-tight condition,
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE),
,
Society of Manufacturing Engineers
(SME),
Socket setscrews,
Soderberg line, – ,
Software
CAD, –
CES Edupack,
engineering-based,
FEA programs, , ,
non-engineering-specific,
Solid elements,
Residual stress method,
Resilience,
Resistance welding,
Retaining rings, , , ,
Reynolds equation, , –
Reynolds, Osborne, –
Right-hand rule, threads,
Rigid elements,
Rim-thickness factor, –
Ring gear, ,
Rivet joint, –
Roark’s Formulas for Stress and Strain,
Rockwell hardness,
Roller chain, –
Rolling-contact bearings. See Bearings,
rolling-contact
Roll threading,
Rolovic, R. D.,
Root diameter,
Rotary fatigue,
Rotating-beam test, ,
Rotating rings, stresses in, –
Rotation factor, ,
Round-belt drives, , –
Rule # , ,
Runout control, , –
Russell, Burdsall & Ward Inc.,
Ryan, D. G.,
S
Safety, , , –
Saint-Venant’s principle,
Salakian, A. G.,
Samónov, C.,
Sand casting, ,
Saybolt Universal viscosity (SUV),
Scoring,
Screws
machine screws, –
power screws, –
self-locking,
thread standards and definitions,

Sealants. See Adhesive bonding
Seals for bearings, –
Seam welding,
Secant column formula, –
Secondary shear, ,
Section modulus,
Self-acting (self-locking) phenomenon,
Self-adaptive mesh refinement,
Self-aligning bearings, , , ,
Self-contained bearings, –
Self-deenergizing brake shoe,
Self-energizing brake shoe,
Self-locking screw,
Series system,
Set removal,
Setscrews, –
Shaft basis (limits and fits),
Shaft design for stress, –
critical locations, –
estimating stress concentrations, –
shaft stresses, –
Shaft layout, –
assembly and disassembly, –
axial,
Preload (bolts), , , –
Preloading (bearings),
Presentation, –
Presetting,
Press and shrink fits, – ,
Pressure angle, , ,
Pressure-fed bearings, –
Pressure line,
Pressure-sensitive adhesives,
Pressurized cylinders, stresses in, –
Pretension, bolt preload, , , –
Primary shear, , ,
Principal directions, ,
Principal second-area moments,
Principal stresses, , –
Probability density function (PDF),
Probability of failure, –
Problem definition, ,
Problem-solving, – ,
Product liability,
Professional societies, ,
Profile controls, –
Profile of a line, ,
Profile of a surface, ,
Proof load,
Proof strength, ,
Propagation of dispersion,
Propagation of error,
Propagation of uncertainty,
Proportional limit,
Puck pad caliper brake, –
Pulley correction factor, – ,
Punch-press torque demand, –
Pure compression,
Pure shear,
Pure tension,
Q
Quality numbers (AGMA), ,
Quasi-static fracture, –
Quenching,
R
R. R. Moore high-speed rotating-beam
machine,
Rack,
Rack cutter,
Radial clearance, , , ,
Radial clearance ratio,
Radius of gyration,
Raimondi, Albert A., –
Raimondi-Boyd analysis, – ,
– , – , ,
Rain-flow counting technique,
Rate of shear,
Rating life, –
Rayleigh’s model for lumped masses,
Red brass, –
Redundant supports,
Regardless of feature size (RFS), ,
Regular lay,
Relatively brittle condition,
Reliability, , , –
Reliability factors, , – , – ,

Reliability method of design, ,
Repeated stresses, , Index
stress-concentration factor,
techniques for reducing,
Stress-concentration factor, , – .
See also Stress concentration
Stress-correction factor,
Stress-cycle factor, – , –
Stresses, , ,
Cartesian stress components, –
contact stresses, –
general three-dimensional, –
normal stresses for beams in bending,

normal stresses for curved beams in
bending, –
in pressurized cylinders, –
in rotating rings, –
shear stresses for beams in bending,

shear stresses for torsion, –
stress concentration, –
thermal,
uniformly distributed stresses, –
Stress intensity factor, –
Stress intensity modification factor,
Stress-life method, –
Stress numbers, – , , –
Stress raisers,
Stress ratio, ,
Stress relieving,
Stress-strain diagram, – , , ,
Stress yield envelope, – ,
Strict liability concept,
Structural instabilities (buckling),
Structural adhesives, –
Struts, –
Studs,
Sun gear,
Superposition, –
Surface compressive stress,
Surface condition factor,
Surface elements,
Surface endurance shear,
Surface endurance strength,
Surface factor, –
Surface fatigue failure, , – ,

Surface fatigue strength, –
Surface-strength geometry factor, –
Symmetry control, , ,
T
Tandem mounting (DT),
Tangential shear stress,
Tapered fits,
Tapered roller bearings, – . See also
Bearings, rolling-contact
catalog data, –
equivalent radial load, –
fit,
induced thrust load, ,
mounting, direct and indirect, –
nomenclature,
selection of, –
Tearing mode,
Temperature effects
on deflection and stress,
on material properties, –
Standard sizes,
Statically indeterminate problems,

Static equilibrium,
Static load, ,
Static loading, failures resulting from
about,
Brittle-Coulomb-Mohr (BCM) and
modified Mohr (MM) theories,
– ,
Coulomb-Mohr theory for ductile
materials, –
design equations summary, –
distortion-energy theory for ductile
materials, –
failure of brittle materials
summary,
failure of ductile materials summary,

failure theories, summary, ,
fracture mechanics, introduction to,

maximum-normal-stress theory for brittle
materials,
maximum-shear-stress theory for ductile
materials, –
selection of failure criteria, –
static strength, –
stress concentration, , –
Statistical tolerance system,
Steel castings, –
Steels
alloy steels, –
cast steels, –
corrosion-resistant, –
heat treatment of, –
modulus of elasticity,
numbering system for, –
strength relation to hardness,
Stereolithography,
Stiffness
of a bolt,
of materials, , ,
of the members in a bolted joint,

Stiffness constant of a bolted joint,
Stochastic analysis, ,
Stock sizes,
Straight bevel gears. See Bevel gears
Straight roller bearings. See Cylindrical
roller bearings
Straightness control, – ,
Strain energy, –
Strain-hardened,
Strain-life method, , –
Strength, ,
Strength-life (S-N) diagram, , – ,

Stress concentration, – , – .
See also Fatigue stress-concentration
factor
adjustment for notch sensitivity,

estimating for shafts, –
FEA analysis of, , –
in keyseats,
in sharp cracks,
Solid-film lubricant,
Sommerfeld, A.,
Sommerfeld number, , , ,
Sorem, J. R.,
Specific modulus,
Specific stiffness,
Specific strength,
Speed ratio,
Spherical contact stress, –
Spherical-roller thrust bearing, ,
Spinning,
Spiral angle,
Spiral bevel gears, ,
Spiroid gearing,
Splines,
Spot welding,
Spring constant,
Spring index, , ,
Spring rates, – , ,
Springs, , – . See also
Helical springs
about,
Belleville springs, –
mechanical properties of some spring
wires,
miscellaneous springs, –
spring materials, –
Spring surge, ,
Sprockets,
Spur gears. See also Spur and helical gears,
AGMA
described,
force analysis, –
minimum teeth on, –
tooth systems,
Spur and helical gears, AGMA
AGMA nomenclature, –
AGMA strength equations, –
AGMA stress equations, –
analysis, –
dynamic factor, –
elastic coefficient,
gear mesh design, –
geometry factors, –
hardness-ratio factor, –
Lewis bending equation, –
load-distribution factor, –
overload factor, , –
reliability factor, –
rim-thickness factor, –
roadmap summaries, –
safety factors, , –
size factor,
stress-cycle factors, –
surface condition factor,
surface durability, –
symbols, –
temperature factor,
Square-jaw clutch,
Square key,
Square threads,
Stable lubrication,
Stainless steels, , –
Stamping,
Standards and codes, –
defined,
organizations with specific, – Mechanical Engineering Design
W
Wahl, A. M.,
Wahl factor,
Washers, , – , ,
Wear
from contact fatigue,
of boundary-lubricated bearings,

of clutches and brakes, – , ,
– , –
of gears, , , ,
of wire rope,
Wear factor, , , –
Wear factor of safety, , ,
Weibull distribution, , ,
– ,
Weibull parameters, , ,
Weld bonding,
Welded joints
butt and fillet welds, , –
fatigue loading, –
references,
resistance welding,
static loading, –
welded joints, strength of, –
welded joints in bending, stresses in,

welded joints in torsion, stresses in,

welding symbols (AWS), –
White cast iron,
Wileman, J.,
Wire rope, –
Wolford, J. C.,
Woodruff key, –
Worm gears,
AGMA equation, –
analysis, –
Buckingham wear load, –
efficiency, ,
examples, ,
force analysis, –
mesh design, –
nomenclature, –
standard tooth form,
thrust, rotation, and hand relations,
Woven-asbestos lining,
Woven-cotton lining,
Wrought alloys,
Y
Yellow brass, –
Yield point, , , , ,
Yield strength, , , , , ,
Young’s modulus of elasticity, , ,
– ,
Z
Zerol bevel gear,
Zimmerli, F. P.,
Zimmerli data, – , ,
Transmission error,
Transmitted load, – , , ,
Transverse circular pitch, ,
Transverse shear stress, –
in square threads,
strain-energy correction factors for,
Tresca theory,
True strain,
True stress,
True stress-strain diagram, – , ,
Trumpler, P. R., –
Trumpler’s design criteria, –
Truss element,
Tungsten,
Turner, M. J., –
Turn-of-the-nut method,
Two-bearing mountings, –
Two-plane bending, –
U
Ultimate strength, , , , – ,
Uncertainty, –
Uncorrected torsional stress,
Undercutting, – , ,
Unified Numbering System for Metals and
Alloys (UNS), –
Uniform pressure, clutches and brakes,
– ,
Unified thread series, –
Uniform wear, clutches and brakes,
– , – , –
Unilateral tolerance,
Unit load, , ,
Unit second polar moment of area, –
Units, –
Unstable equilibrium,
Unstable lubrication,
Upper deviation (limits and fits), –
U.S. customary unit system, ,
V
Vanadium,
Variable loading,
of bearings, –
Variable stresses, ,
V belts, , – , –
Velocity factor, – , – ,
Vibration analysis (FEA), –
Virtual condition,
Virtual number of teeth, ,
Viscosity, – , –
Volkersen, O., ,
Volute spring,
von Mises, R.,
von Mises-Hencky theory,
von Mises theory,
von Mises stress, ,
in a static failure theory, –
in combined fatigue loading, ,
in FEA models, – ,
in shafts, ,
in welds,
Temperature factor, , ,
Temper carbon,
Tempered martensite,
Tempering, –
Tensile strength, . See also Ultimate
strength
Tensile stress,
Tensile-stress area, –
Tensile test, –
Tension-test specimens, –
Theoretical stress-concentration factor, .
See also Stress-concentration factor
Thermal stresses, , – , –
Thermoplastics, , –
Thermoset, – , –
Thick-film lubrication, –
Thin-film lubrication, , , –
Thin-walled pressure vessels,
Threaded fasteners, –
Thread standards, definitions, –
Three-dimensional stress, –
Thrust bearings, – , –
Timing belts, , , – ,
Timken Company, , , –
Tipton, S. M.,
Titanium,
Tolerance position letters, –
Tolerances. See also Geometric
Dimensioning and Tolerancing,
and Limits and Fits
bilateral,
choice of,
cost considerations, –
definition of, , ,
tolerance stack-up, –
unilateral,
Tolerance zone, – ,
Tooth systems, –
Tooth thickness, – ,
Top land,
Topp, L. J.,
Torque coefficient,
Torque transmission, –
Torque-twist diagram,
Torque vector,
Torsion, –
buckling of thin-walled beam,
closed thin-walled tubes, –
deflection,
open thin-walled sections, –
strain energy,
of welded joints,
Torsional fatigue strength, ,

Torsional strengths,
Torsional yield strength, , ,
Torsion springs, –
Total runout control, , –
Toughness,
Tower, Beauchamp,
Train value, – , ,
Transmission accuracy number, ,
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