Loading...Self Shielded Arc Welding
Dr. Tad Boniszewski
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. General Considerations
1.2. Process Selection
References
Tables 1.1. – 1.2.
Figs. 1.1. – 1.3.
2. BASICS OF PROCESS METALLURGY
2.1. Weld Metal Steelmaking in Air
2.2. Nitrogen as the Contamination Gauging Medium
2.3. Positions of Different Welding Consumables
on the Nitrogen Scale
2.4. Shielding Capacities of Different Processes
2.4. Limitations on Gas-Shield Generation
in Self-Shielding Wires
2.6. Core Ingredients in Self-Shielding Wires
2.7. The Killing Practice
2.8. Effect of Welding Parameters on Nitrogen Pick-Up
2.9. Advantages of Relying on Killing
2.9.1. Welding in the wind
2.9.2. Spatter on guns
2.9.3. Fume extraction
2.9.4. Welding primed steel
2.9.5. Welding Zn-galvanized steel
References
Tables 2.1 – 2.7.
Figs. 2.1. – 2.29.
3. SOME ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL METALLURGY
Consequences of Heavy Killing on Phase Transformations
Microstructure and Toughness
Nitrogen and Toughness
Non-Metallic Inclusions
Aluminium in Weld Metal and Corrosion
References
4. PROCEDURES FOR HIGH FRACTURE TOUGHNESS
4.1. Preamble
4.2. Making the Welds
4.3. The CTOD Test Results
4.4. Corroboration of the Fast Travel Speed Thin Layer
Stringer Bead Technique
4.4.1. Fully automatic welding in flat position
4.4.2. Welding in overhead position
4.4.3. Vertical welding of aT-butt
References
Tables 4.1. – 4.6.
Figs. 4.1. – 4.9.
5. SPECIFICATIONS FOR SELF-SHIELDING WIRES
5.1. Historical Background ·143
5.2. AWS A5.20 Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes 144
5.3. AWS AS.29-80 Specification for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes 145
5.4. BS.7084:1989 Specification for Carbon and
Carbon-Manganese Steel Electrodes
5.5. NF A81-350 Specification for Bare Flux-Cored Wires
for Unalloyed Steel
5.6. IIW Draft Specification for Gas-Shielded and
Self-Shielded Tubular Cored Wires
5.7. General Comment
Tables 5.1. – 5.4.
Figs. 5.1. – 5.2.
6. SOME ASPECTS OF PRODUCTION WELDING
6.1. Logistic Convenience of the SSAW
6.2. Welding Equipment for the SSAW
6.3. Welder Training for the SSAW
6.4. Productivity Benefits
6.5. Hydrogen Control
6.5.1. General considerations
6.5.2. Diffusible hydrogen levels
6.5.3. History of hydrogen cracking
6.6. Root Pass Welding
6.7. Limitations
References·
7 . SPECTR~ OF PROVEN APPLICATIONS
Market Share of the SSAW
Sheet Metal Work
Earth Moving Equipment
High Rise Buildings, Plant and Bridges
Shipbuilding and Dockyard Work
Pipelines
Offshore Structures
Assembly and Erection on Site
References
8. CONCLUSIONS
Acknowledgements
APPENDIX A Collation of some data on the types and
contents of slag, gas and vapour forming
ingredients and killing agents used in
self-shielding tubular/cored wires and
published between 1970-1980. 212
APPENDIX B Typical chemical compositions of some
all-weld-metals deposited from commercial
self-shielded wires for different applications. 214
APPENDIX C Welding consumables manufacturers and their
generic brand names for self-shielding
tubular wires. 216
INDEX 21
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