Loading...Secrets of 5-Axis Machining
by Karlo Apro
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Chapter 1: History of 5-Axis Machines 3
Common Misconceptions 4
Reasons to Use Multiaxis Machines 8
Chapter 2: Know Your Machine 13
Multiaxis Machine Configurations 14
Table/Table Multiaxis Milling Machines 18
Machine Rotary Zero Position (MRZP) 21
Nesting Positions 26
Rotary Table Dynamic Fixture Offset 27
Head/Table Multiaxis Milling Machines 31
Head/Head Multiaxis Milling Machines 36
Finding the Pivot Distance 37
4-Axis Machines 39
General Maintenance & Issues for Multiaxis Machines . . . 40
Milling Machines With Five- or More-Axes 43
Chapter 3: Cutting Strategies 45
VIIChapter 4: Indexing Multiaxis Toolpaths 49
Indexing Methods 51
How CAD/CAM Systems Handle Indexing Work 56
Machine Coordinate Systems 57
Machine Home Position 57
Active Coordinate System 57
Machine Rotary Center Point 60
CAD/CAM System Origin 60
Synchronizing Machine and CAD/CAM Coordinate Systems .
Chapter 5: Simultaneous Multiaxis Toolpaths. .65
The Optimum Work Envelope 70
Feedrates 72
Inverse Time Feedrate 74
Post Processors 76
Chapter 6: Common Simultaneous Multiaxis CAM
Toolpath Controls 79
Cut Patterns 79
Tool Axis Control 86
Tool Tip Control 90
Collision Control 93
Additional Multiaxis Issues and Controls 98
Dovetail Effect 98
Cutting Direction 100
Multiaxis Roughing
VIII
101Chapter 7: Machine Simulation . . . . 103
G-code Simulation Versus CAM Simulation .
Configuring Virtual Machines For Simulation
Virtual Machine Building
The Skeleton
Components vs. Models
Machine Simulation Interfaces
Using Machine Simulation
Chapter 8: Selecting The Right Machine For Your
Application 119
Head/Head Machines (with long X or Y – axis linear travel,
but limited rotary axes travel) 121
Head/Table Machines (with long X-axis travel) 123
Head/Table Machines 126
Rotary Table – Tilting Head Combinations 128
Table/Table Machines 132
Gantry Type Head/Head Machines 134
Chapter 9: Choosing a CAD/CAM System For Your
Application 137
Special Purpose Software 137
CAD/CAM Toolbox 139
Multiaxis CAD/CAM Considerations 139
Multiaxis CAM 140
Multiaxis CAD/CAM Training 144
Behind the Scenes: CAD/CAM Software Development . . 145
General Guidelines for Researching CAD/CAM Software. . 146
IXChapter 10: Putting It All Together 149
Why Use Multiaxis Machining Techniques? 152
What is a Standard 5-Axis Machine? 153
What is the Standard Axis Convention? 154
What are the Three Major Multiaxis Machine Types? . . . 154
What are the Major Building Blocks of a CNC Machine? . 156
What are the Most Important Physical Positions of a
Multiaxis Machine? 157
What Tools are Needed to Find MRZP? 159
Description of Indexing/Rotary Positioning Work 159
What is a Post Proccessor? 159
Definition of an Axis 160
Defining a Simultaneous 5-axis Toolpath 160
What are the Three Common Simultaneous Multiaxis CAM
Toolpath Controls 161
Multiaxis Machine Offsets 161
Finding Machine Rotary Zero Position 162
Finding the Pivot Distance 164
Indexing/Rotary Position Work Overview 166
Picking a CAD/CAM System for Multiaxis Work 166
Machine Simulation 167
Conclusion 167
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