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Loading...PhraseBook for Writing Papers and Research in English
4th Edition
Stephen Howe, BA, PhD
Kristina Henriksson, MSc, PhD
Contents
End User Licence Agreement . iii
Contents v
About the PhraseBook viii
How to use the PhraseBook x
Using the PhraseBook in the classroom . xiv
Writing Help 1
1 Style 2
1.1 Varieties of English . 2
1.2 University and research writing 3
1.3 Avoiding colloquial language 5
1.4 Avoiding contracted forms 7
1.5 Avoiding clichés 8
1.6 Avoiding tautology 10
1.7 Referring to yourself . 11
1.8 Referring to the reader . 13
1.9 Referring generally . 14
1.10 he and she 15
1.11 Other types of bias . 18
2 Spelling 21
2.1 British and US spellings 21
2.2 z and s spellings . 32
3 Punctuation 35
3.1 Full stop (GB) or period (US) 35
3.2 Comma . 36
3.3 Semicolon . 38
3.4 Colon 38
3.5 Question mark 39
3.6 Exclamation mark (GB) or point (US) . 40
3.7 Hyphen . 40
3.8 Hyphenation of prefixes 41
3.9 The hyphen in fixed compounds 44 Contents
vi
3.10 Using the hyphen in temporary compounds before a noun . 44
3.11 Dash . 45
3.12 The possessive with ’s 47
3.13 Quotation marks . 50
3.14 Punctuation at the end of quotations 51
3.15 Punctuating titles, legends and bullets . 53
3.16 Parenthesis and ellipsis 56
3.17 References . 58
3.18 Abbreviations 64
3.19 Capitalization 70
4 Grammar 74
4.1 Noncount nouns 74
4.2 Singular words ending in -s 77
4.3 Irregular plurals . 79
4.4 Confusing words: singular and plural . 86
4.5 Confusing words: pronouns 88
4.6 Irregular verbs . 90
5 Vocabulary . 94
5.1 Differences in vocabulary in English varieties 94
5.2 Ambiguous words . 95
5.3 Confusing words . 96
5.4 Confusing prefixes 98
5.5 Alternatives to get . 100
6 Numbers 105
7 Time .116
8 Phrases .119
8.1 Preface and acknowledgements 120
8.2 About the author or authors 123
8.3 Introducing a study, chapter or section 126
8.4 The aim of your study and outlining the topic . 128
8.5 Defining the scope of your study 133
8.6 Your method or approach . 135
8.7 Definitions, notation and terminology . 141
8.8 Presenting data . 145
8.9 Giving examples . 149
8.10 The relationship to other work 152
8.11 Referring to other work . 159
8.12 Reviewing other work . 162Contents
vii
8.13 What you agree with . 164
8.14 What you disagree with 166
8.15 Arguing your case and putting forward ideas . 171
8.16 Arguing against . 173
8.17 Analysis and discussion . 176
8.18 Explanation . 180
8.19 Qualifying 183
8.20 Quantifying 187
8.21 Time 194
8.22 Hypotheses and probability 199
8.23 Rhetorical questions and addressing your audience . 202
8.24 Compare and contrast 204
8.25 Tying a text together . 209
8.26 Presenting results . 213
8.27 Interpreting findings 216
8.28 Concluding a study, chapter or section 220
8.29 Summary and abstract . 224
9 Thesaurus .227
10 Glossary and Reference 251
10.1 University and research terminology 252
10.2 Greek, Latin and other elements 265
10.3 SI prefixes . 289
10.4 SI and British-American units
The PhraseBook for Writing Papers and Research contains over 5000
words and phrases to help you write at university and research level
in English
From Introducing your Work, Arguing for and against, Method, Analysis,
Reviewing other Work, Presenting Results to Summary and Conclusions
Grouped by topic to find words and phrases easily
Written by PhD authors, the PhraseBook is specially designed for
non-native speakers
Writing Help sections give advice on university and research writing in
English, helping you avoid many common errors. Main sections include
Style, Spelling, Punctuation, Grammar and Vocabulary
The PhraseBook is used in over 30 countries in subjects ranging from
Medicine, Engineering, Science and Technology to Law, Business and
Economics, Political Science, Geography, History, Sociology, Psychology,
Language and Education
Suitable for university and research writing from student to researcher
and faculty level
• Over 5000 words and phrases
• Includes most frequent words in academic English
• Writing help on style, spelling, punctuation and grammar
• University and research thesaurus to improve vocabulary
• Glossary of university and research terms
• Exercises for individual and classroom use
• British and American English
‘This material, prepared by experienced editors, is certainly very useful’
Photosynthetica
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