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Mechanical Equipment (Vibration Valves & Steam Traps)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. OBJECTIVES 2
2. VIBRATIONS 3
2.0 Introduction . 3
2.1 Basic Concepts 3
2.2 Types of Vibration 6
2.3 Factors Affecting Natural Frequencies . 7
2.4 Damping 9
2.5 Resonance . 9
2.6 Critical Speed 10
2.7 Damage caused by excessive vibrations . 12
2.8 Mass unbalance and coupling misalignment 13
2.9 Hog and Sag 17
Review Questions . 19
3. VALVES . 20
3.0 Introduction . 20
3.1 Regulating Valve Service . 20
3.2 Valve Characteristics 21
3.3 Valve Failure Modes . 24
3.4 Actuator fluids 27
3.5 Isolating Valve Service . 29
3.6 Manual Valves 29
3.7 Pneumatic MV’s . 30
3.8 Electrical Motor Driven MV’s 32
3.9 Manual Operation of a Motorized Valve 33
3.10 Valve Backseating 34
3.11 Purpose of Intergate Valve 35
3.12 Back Flow Prevention Service 35
3.13 Purpose and principle of operation of check valves . 36
3.14 Relief Valves, Safety Valves and Safety-Relief Valves . 37
Review Questions . 40
4. STEAM TRAPS 41
4.0 Introduction . 41
Review Questions . 45
5. Flow Sheets . 47
5.0 Introduction . 47
Flow sheet exercise
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