Management – Leading & Collaborating in a Competitive World – 14e

Management – Leading & Collaborating in a Competitive World – 14e
Leading & Collaborating in a Competitive World
Thomas S. Bateman
McIntire School of Commerce
University of Virginia
Robert Konopaske
McCoy College of Business
Texas State University
Wang An Qi/Shutterstock
Chapter 1

• New Inclusiveness Works feature about generational differences in the workplace.
• Updated Management in Action about Mark Zuckerberg
  of Facebook.
• New Digital World: “Chatbots: Good for Business?”
• Revised Social Entrepreneurship discussing Bill Drayton
  of Ashoka.
• New example of Uber’s new CEO trying to make the
  company profitable again.
• Updated list of top five firms in Fortune’s 2018 Global
  500 list.
• New example of PepsiCo offering KeVita probiotic nonsoda and Bubly Sparkling Water.
• New example of Rocket Mortgage propelling Quicken
  Loans to the top of the mortgage provider market.
• New example in which Patagonia’s Work Wear program makes over 50,000 repairs to customers’ used
  clothing.
• New example of using Gallup’s CliftonStrengths assessment to identify core strengths.Preface ix
• New example of Chipotle’s zero-tolerance policy for
  food safety violations.
• New example of Salesforce’s 1-1-1 philanthropic model
  of doing business.
• New example of AT&T’s acquisition of AlienVault to
  help businesses respond to cybersecurity attacks.
  Chapter 5
• New Inclusiveness Works feature discussing equitable
  pay for all employees.
• Revised Management in Action feature about Ginni
  Rometty’s attempts to transform IBM and the world.
• New Digital World: “How Digital Monitoring Helps
  Ensure Ethics.”
• Updated Concluding Case: “Oré Earth Skin Care Tries
  to Stay Natural.”
• New example of Apple slowing down older iPhones to
  encourage upgrades.
• New example of Facebook employees writing 5-star
  reviews for the Portal video-chat device on Amazon.
• New example of Starbucks setting a goal of hire 10,000
  refugees across 75 countries by 2023.
• New example of a fully sustainable model applying a circular borrow-use-return approach.
  Chapter 6
• New Inclusiveness Works: “Bridging Cultural Divides:
  Beyond Words.”
• Revised Management in Action: “How Alibaba Is
  Becoming a Global Brand.”
• Updated Social Entrepreneurship box about student
  entrepreneurs competing for the $1 million Hult Prize.
• Revised Digital World: “Global Email Etiquette.”
• Updated Social Entrepreneurship: “Empowering Latina
  Entrepreneurs.”
• New example of Netflix expanding into 190 countries in
  just seven years.
• New example predicting that approximately 800 million
  jobs worldwide will be lost to automation over the next
  decade.
• New example describing China’s growing economic and
  political influence.
• New example discussing NAFTA’s replacement, the
  U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA).
  Chapter 7
• New Inclusiveness Works feature about start-ups and
  diversity.
• Revised Management in Action about Starbucks’s entrepreneurial beginnings.
  Chapter 2
• New Inclusiveness Works feature: “Women in Leadership
  Roles: A Strategy for Success.”
• Updated Management in Action on Amazon thriving in
  any environment.
• Updated Social Entrepreneurship feature about combating climate change.
• New example of the U.S. congressional bill that could
  replace the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
• New example in which zSpace’s VR laptop allows users
  to see objects as if they were part of the real world.
• New example about Microsoft offering 12 weeks of full
  pay for employees who are new mothers and fathers.
• New example of Coca-Cola pledging to reduce the
  amount of sugar in its drinks by 2025.
• New example about the Eagle Flight game being a complement of the HTC Vive virtual reality headset.
• New example about Warby Parker, the fashion eyeglasses
  retailer, where employees learn the culture by keeping in
  mind four ground rules (which the company characterizes as “Nothing crazy”).
  Chapter 3
• New Inclusiveness Works feature about the benefits of a
  diverse workplace.
• Updated Management in Action about Uber trying to
  overcome its poor decisions.
• New Digital World about using predictive analytics to
  make better decisions.
• Revised Concluding Case: “Soaring Eagle Skate
  Company.”
• New example exploring the uncertainty over Britain’s
  departure from the European Union (“Brexit”).
• New example of Netflix using data analytics to retain
  customers and inform the creation of original series.
• New examples of data breaches at companies, including
  Marriott Starwood Hotels, MyFitnessPal, Cambridge
  Analytica, and Facebook.
  Chapter 4
• New Inclusiveness Works feature about incorporating
  diversity and inclusion into a company’s brand.
• Revised Management in Action: “How Disney Scripts
  Its Own Success.”
• Updated Social Entrepreneurship feature discussing
  Novo Nordisk’s triple bottom line.
• New Digital World: “Managing Technology’s Impact.”
• New example of General Motors purchasing a $500 billion stake in Lyft.x Preface
  Chapter 10
• New Inclusiveness Works about providing feedback
  across cultures.
• Updated Management in Action: “How Google Lands
  Top Talent.”
• Revised Concluding Case about HR planning at
  Invincibility Systems.
• New Social Entrepreneurship box discussing whether
  social enterprise is becoming big business.
• New Digital World feature: “Can Your Social Media
  Profile Keep You from Landing a Great Job?”
• New example of companies preferring internal to external recruitment including Gap Inc., Palo Alto Networks,
  and Blizzard Entertainment.
• New example of companies being fined for violating U.S.
  equal employment laws like UPS paying $4.9 million to
  settle a religious discrimination lawsuit.
• New example of why companies use 360-degree performance appraisals.
  Chapter 11
• New Inclusiveness Works: “Avoiding Age Discrimination.”
• Updated Management in Action exploring how
  Accenture innovates through inclusion.
• New Digital World: “Using AI to Hire a More Diverse
  Workforce.”
• New example of companies that have strong commitment to inclusion, including Kaiser Permanente, AT&T,
  and New York Life.
• New example of diversity initiatives in companies like
  Northrup Grumman employing veterans and Comcast
  NBCUniversal using diverse suppliers.
• New example of National Industries for the Blind with
  6,000 employees with visual impairments.
• New example of Deloitte and Honeywell monitoring
  career progress of women, minorities, and employees
  with disabilities.
  Chapter 12
• New Inclusiveness Works: “Including the LGBTQ
  Community.”
• Updated Management in Action about Merck’s CEO,
  Kenneth Frazier, focusing on long-term results.
• New Digital World: “How AI Is Affecting Leadership.”
• Revised Social Entrepreneurship feature about manufacturing disaster-resilient homes.
• New example of a vision in which Richard Branson,
  CEO of Virgin Group, foresees the entire world powered
  by renewable energy by 2050.
• Updated Concluding Case: “Rolling Out Soft Scroll.”
• New example indicating that e-commerce sales of physical goods in the United States surpassed $500 billion.
• New example of companies engaged in B2B commerce,
  including Amazon, Alibaba, Otto, Flipkart, and SAP.
• New example of how most start-ups begin with $5,000 of
  less in capitalization.
• New example of peer-to-peer (P2P) loaning platforms
  like Credit or Prosper.
  Chapter 8
• New Inclusiveness Works feature about hearing all
  voices in organizations.
• Revised Management in Action feature about Mary
  Barra’s leadership of GM.
• Updated Concluding Case about moving to a cloud system to create efficiencies.
• Updated Digital World: “Will Online Networks Replace
  Traditional Hierarchies?”
• New example of PlumSlice Labs creating an advisory
  board with executives from Walmart, GlaxoSmithKline,
  Workforce Software, SAP, and Retail Consulting.
• New example of Johnson & Johnson’s decentralized
  approach to managing its 260 operating companies in
  60 countries.
• New example of companies like GoPro, Snap Inc., and
  H&M integrating their marketing and communications
  functions.
• New example of TTEC integrating more humanity into
  digital interactions with customers.
  Chapter 9
• New Inclusiveness Works feature about engaging early
  career employees.
• Updated Management in Action: “Making Walmart
  Agile.”
• New Digital World feature about engaging customers
  through social listening.
• Updated Social Entrepreneurship discussing how to
  scale social enterprises.
• New example of Coca-Cola, Dr Pepper Snapple Group,
  and PepsiCo coming together to cut 20 percent of the
  sugar-based calories in their soft drinks by 2025.
• New example of Walmart’s CEO trying to reduce
  bureaucracy and revitalize company growth by encouraging employee initiative.
• New example of Banana Republic using predictive data
  to open a pop-up discount ad as an online shopper is
  about to close the window.
• New example of recent winners of the Malcolm
  Baldridge National Quality Award.Preface xi
• New example of companies like Adobe, Gap, and IBM
  shifting to frequent, informal employee performance
  check-ins.
• New example of the CEO of T-Mobile posting about
  company products to more than 5 million followers on
  his Twitter account.
• New example of companies like Unisys, Sprint, and
  Hewlett-Packard training employees to use social media
  productively.
• New example of Vynamic implementing a policy preventing work-related communication among employees
  after hours during the week and all weekend long.
  Chapter 16
• New Inclusiveness Works: “Making a Measurable
  Impact with D&I Initiatives.”
• New Management in Action: “Tracking Employees to
  Control Health Care Costs.”
• Revised Social Entrepreneurship discussing better ways
  to measure social impact.
• New Digital World feature about technology enabling
  timely performance reviews.
• New example of Teco Energy assigning project teams to
  prevent problems.
• New example discussing how data-driven visual dashboards allow managers to monitor organizational performance indicators in real time.
• New example of Chipotle rolling out Zenput, a mobile
  food safety protocol platform, to prevent future food
  safety issues.
  Chapter 17
• New Inclusiveness Works discussing how technology
  can help remove unconscious bias.
• Revised Management in Action about Elon Musk’s ups
  and downs as he pursues technology’s possibilities and
  challenges.
• New Concluding Case: “Innovating at Worldwide Games.”
• Updated Digital World about BYOD and BYOA work
  policies.
• New example of product innovations like foldable
  phones, rollup TVs, and more nature fluid interactions
  with voice-activated digital assistants.
• New example discussing how innovative food producers
  like Impossible Foods and Beyond Meat are introducing
  new “meatless meats” to the market.
• New example describing blockchain’s potential gamechanging impact on the integrity of everything from
  online transactions to e-voting.
• New example of Neiman Marcus installing interactive
  touch screens in its fitting rooms, allowing customers to
  adjust lighting and request clothing sizes and colors.
• New example discussing how advances in automated decision making could dramatically change managers’ roles.
• New example of transformational leaders, including
  Mary Barra (CEO of General Motors), Reed Hastings
  (CEO of Netflix), Mark Bertolini (CEO of Aetna), and
  Shantanu Narayen (CEO of Adobe).
  Chapter 13
• New Inclusiveness Works: “Improving D&I Initiatives
  with Intrinsic Motivation.”
• Updated Management in Action about SAS being a
  great place to work.
• New Digital World about using technology to motivate
  employees.
• New example of Notejoy, an organizational collaboration platform, helping its employees set specific and
  measurable goals.
• New example of how Ryan LLC, a tax firm, rewards its
  employees with four-week paid sabbaticals and subsidies
  for health club memberships.
• New example of Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North
  Carolina hiring college graduates for its two-year Rotational
  Development Program.
• New example of how psychological contracts are changing.
  Chapter 14
• New Inclusiveness Works: “Empathy in Teams Helps
  Cohesion and Inclusiveness.”
• Revised Management in Action feature discussing teamwork at Whole Foods Market.
• New Concluding Case: “Un-Teamwork at Quadra.”
• Updated Social Entrepreneurship box about social entrepreneurs using co-working spaces.
• New example of Nestlé’s InGenius program encouraging employees and external partners to collaborate to
  develop new business ideas.
• New example of virtual teams functioning effectively.
• New example in which Spotify creates “squads” of agile,
  self-organized teams to create new products.
• New example of ways to resolve conflict among B2B
  commerce partners.
  Chapter 15
• New Inclusiveness Works in which organizations use
  storytelling to become more inclusive.
• Updated Management in Action: “Communicating,
  SoundCloud Style.”
• New Digital World: “Gmail Predicts What You Want to
  Say.”
• Revised Concluding Case regarding communicating at
  Best Trust Bank.xii Preface
  Anne Kelly Hoel, University of Wisconsin–Stout
  Eileen Kearney, Montgomery County Community College
  Dan Morrell, Middle Tennessee State University
  Sherilyn Reynolds, San Jacinto College
  Robert Waris, University of Missouri–Kansas City
  Tiffany Woodward, East Carolina University
  Many individuals contributed directly to our development as textbook authors. Dennis Organ provided one of the
  authors with an initial opportunity and guidance in textbook
  writing. Jack Ivancevich did the same for Rob Konopaske.
  John Weimeister has been a friend and adviser from the very
  beginning. Thanks also to Christine Scheid for so much good
  work on previous editions and for continued friendship.
  Enthusiastic gratitude to the entire McGraw-Hill
  Education team, starting with director Mike Ablassmeir,
  who—and this is more than an aside—spontaneously and
  impressively knew Rolling Stone’s top three drummers
  of all time. Mike has long provided deep expertise and
  an informed perspective, not to mention friendship and
  managerial cool in everything we do. Not technically an
  author, Mike is most certainly an educator for us and for
  the instructors and students who learn from the products
  he leads.
  Special thanks to teammates without whom the book
  would not exist, let alone be such a prideworthy product:
  Our sincere appreciation to Kelsey Darin for her expert
  guidance and energetic help (not to mention enthusiasm
  for older musicians and bands we could relate to), as well as
  to Christine Vaughan for her being a tech-savvy, authoring
  platform guru.
  Debbie Clare: so creative, energetic, always thinking of
  unique ideas, and encouraging us to engage in new ways of
  sharing how much the 14th edition means to us.
  Claire Hunter: positive, patient, easily amused (thankfully), amazingly effective at keeping us on track and focused.
  Thomas and Shannon Finn: thoughtful, creative, timely,
  and remarkably good at meeting deadlines.
  Thanks to you all for getting some of our jokes, for being
  polite about the others, and for being fun as well as talented
  and dedicated throughout the project.
  Finally, we thank our families. Our parents, Jeanine
  and Tom Bateman, and Rose and Art Konopaske, provided us with the foundation on which we have built our
  careers. They continue to be a source of great support. Our
  wives, Mary Jo and Vania, were encouraging, insightful,
  and understanding throughout the process. Our children,
  Lauren, T.J., and James Bateman; and Nick and Isabella
  Konopaske, provided an unending source of inspiration for
  our work and our nonwork. Thank you.
  Thomas S. Bateman
  Chicago, IL
  Robert Konopaske
  San Marcos, TX
  Chapter 18
• New Inclusiveness Works: “Changing for Religious
  Inclusion.”
• Revised Management in Action discussing how Shell
  Oil and other fossil-fuel companies are beginning to
  embrace renewable energies.
• New Social Entrepreneurship: “Leveraging AI to Build a
  Better Future.”
• New Digital World: “Tech-Savvy Gen Z Enters the
  Workforce.”
• New example discussing Kodak’s decision not to pivot
  away from its lucrative film development business into
  the disruptive digital camera space.
• New example about using unfreezing to identify performance gaps at different organizational levels.
• New example of Bill Gates’s list of technologies that
  will change the world for the better, including affordable
  ways to capture carbon dioxide from greenhouse-gas
  emissions and energy-efficient toilets functioning without a sewer system.
  Brief Contentsxxi
  Connect with People 20
  Actively Manage Your Relationship with Your
  Organization 21
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 22
  Survive and Thrive 22
  Key Terms 23
  Retaining What You Learned 24
  Discussion Questions 25
  Experiential Exercises 25
  CONCLUDING CASE 27
  APPENDIX A 32
  KEY TERMS 38
  DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 39
  CHAPTER 2
  The External and Internal
  Environments 42
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 43
  The Macroenvironment 45
  The Economy 45
  Technology 46
  Laws and Regulations 47
  Demographics 47
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 48
  Social Issues 49
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 49
  Sustainability and the Natural Environment 50
  The Competitive Environment 50
  Competitors 51
  New Entrants 52
  Substitutes and Complements 52
  Suppliers 53
  Customers 54
  Environmental Analysis 55
  CHAPTER 1
  Managing and Performing 2
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 3
  Managing in a Competitive World 4
  Globalization 4
  Technological Change 5
  Knowledge Management 6
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 6
  Collaboration across Boundaries 7
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 7
  Managing for Competitive Advantage 8
  Innovation 8
  Quality 9
  Service 9
  Speed 10
  Cost Competitiveness 11
  Sustainability 11
  Delivering All Types of Performance 11
  The Functions of Management 12
  Planning: Delivering Strategic Value 12
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 13
  Organizing: Building a Dynamic Organization 13
  Leading: Mobilizing People 14
  Controlling: Learning and Changing 14
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 15
  Performing All Four Management Functions 15
  Management Levels and Skills 16
  Top-Level Managers 16
  Middle-Level Managers 16
  Frontline Managers 16
  Working Leaders with Broad Responsibilities 17
  Must-Have Management Skills 18
  You and Your Career 19
  Be Both a Specialist and a Generalist 19
  Be Self-Reliant 20
  Contents
  PART ONE FOUNDATIONS OF MANAGEMENTxxii Contents
  Generating Alternative Solutions 81
  Evaluating Alternatives 82
  Making the Choice 84
  Implementing the Decision 84
  Evaluating the Decision 85
  The Best Decision 86
  Barriers to Effective Decision Making 86
  Psychological Biases 86
  Time Pressures 87
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 88
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 89
  Social Realities 89
  Decision Making in Groups 89
  Potential Advantages of Using a Group 90
  Potential Problems of Using a Group 90
  Managing Group Decision Making 91
  Leadership Style 91
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 92
  Constructive Conflict 93
  Encouraging Creativity 93
  Brainstorming 94
  Organizational Decision Making 95
  Constraints on Decision Makers 95
  Organizational Decision Processes 96
  Decision Making in a Crisis 96
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 98
  Key Terms 99
  Retaining What You Learned 99
  Discussion Questions 100
  Experiential Exercises 101
  CONCLUDING CASE 102
  PART ONE SUPPORTING CASE 106
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 56
  Environmental Scanning 57
  Scenario Development 57
  Forecasting 58
  Benchmarking 58
  Actively Managing the External Environment 58
  Changing the Environment You Are In 58
  Influencing Your Environment 59
  Adapting to the Environment: Changing the
  Organization 61
  Choosing an Approach 62
  The Internal Environment of Organizations: Culture and
  Climate 63
  Organization Culture 63
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 64
  Organizational Climate 65
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 66
  Key Terms 67
  Retaining What You Learned 67
  Discussion Questions 68
  Experiential Exercises 69
  CONCLUDING CASE 71
  CHAPTER 3
  Managerial Decision Making 76
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 77
  Characteristics of Managerial Decisions 78
  Lack of Structure 78
  Uncertainty and Risk 78
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 80
  Conflict 80
  The Phases of Decision Making 81
  Identifying and Diagnosing the Problem 81
  PART TWO PLANNING: DELIVERING STRATEGIC VALUE
  CHAPTER 4
  Planning and Strategic
  Management 108
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 109
  An Overview of Planning Fundamentals 110
  The Basic Planning Process 110
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 113
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 114
  Levels of Planning 114
  Strategic Planning 114
  Tactical and Operational Planning 115
  Aligning Tactical, Operational, and Strategic
  Planning 116
  Strategic Planning 118
  Step 1: Establishing Mission, Vision, and Goals 119
  Step 2: Analyzing External Opportunities and Threats 120Contents xxiii
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 122
  Step 3: Analyzing Internal Strengths and Weaknesses 122
  Step 4: SWOT Analysis and Strategy Formulation 124
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 126
  Step 5: Strategy Implementation 129
  Step 6: Strategic Control 130
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 131
  Key Terms 132
  Retaining What You Learned 132
  Discussion Questions 133
  Experiential Exercises 134
  CONCLUDING CASE 135
  CHAPTER 5
  Ethics, Corporate Responsibility,
  and Sustainability 138
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 139
  It’s a Big Issue 140
  It’s a Personal Issue 141
  Ethics 142
  Ethical Systems 142
  Business Ethics 144
  The Ethics Environment 145
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 147
  Ethical Decision Making 149
  Courage 150
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 151
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 152
  Corporate Social Responsibility 152
  Contrasting Views 154
  Reconciliation 155
  The Natural Environment and Sustainability 155
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 156
  A Risk Society 157
  Sustainable Growth 157
  Environmental Agendas for the Future 158
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 159
  Key Terms 160
  Retaining What You Learned 160
  Discussion Questions 161
  Experiential Exercises 162
  CONCLUDING CASE 163
  CHAPTER 6
  International Management 168
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 169
  Managing in Today’s (Global) Economy 170
  International Challenges and Opportunities 170
  Outsourcing and Jobs 172
  The Geography of Business 173
  Western Europe 173
  Asia: China and India 174
  The Americas 175
  Africa and the Middle East 176
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 177
  Global Strategy 177
  Pressures for Global Integration 177
  Pressures for Local Responsiveness 178
  Choosing a Global Strategy 179
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 181
  Entry Mode 182
  Exporting 182
  Licensing 183
  Franchising 183
  Joint Ventures 184
  Wholly Owned Subsidiaries 184
  Working Overseas 185
  Skills of the Global Manager 186
  Understanding Cultural Issues 187
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 188
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 190
  Ethical Issues in International Management 190
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 191
  Key Terms 191
  Retaining What You Learned 192
  Discussion Questions 193
  Experiential Exercises 193
  CONCLUDING CASE 194
  CHAPTER 7
  Entrepreneurship 198
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 199
  Entrepreneurship 201
  Why Become an Entrepreneur? 202
  What Does It Take to Succeed? 203
  What Business Should You Start? 203
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 207
  What Does It Take, Personally? 208
  Success and Failure 210
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 210
  Common Management Challenges 211
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 212
  Increasing Your Chances of Success 214
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 217
  Corporate Entrepreneurship 219
  Building Support for Your Idea 219
  Building Intrapreneurship 220
  Management Challenges 220
  Entrepreneurial Orientation 221xxiv Contents
  CHAPTER 8
  Organization Structure 236
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 237
  Fundamentals of Organizing 238
  Differentiation 238
  Integration 239
  The Vertical Structure 240
  Authority in Organizations 240
  Hierarchical Levels 242
  Span of Control 242
  Delegation 242
  Decentralization 245
  The Horizontal Structure 246
  The Functional Organization 247
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 248
  The Divisional Organization 249
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 251
  The Matrix Organization 251
  The Network Organization 254
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 255
  Organizational Integration 256
  Coordination by Standardization 256
  Coordination by Plan 256
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 257
  Coordination by Mutual Adjustment 257
  Coordination and Communication 258
  Looking Ahead 259
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 260
  Key Terms 260
  Retaining What You Learned 260
  Discussion Questions 262
  Experiential Exercises 262
  CONCLUDING CASE 264
  CHAPTER 9
  Organizational Agility 268
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 269
  The Responsive Organization 270
  Strategy and Organizational Agility 271
  Organizing around Core Capabilities 272
  Strategic Alliances 272
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 273
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 274
  The High-Involvement Organization 275
  Organizational Size and Agility 275
  The Case for Big 275
  The Case for Small 276
  Being Big and Small 276
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 277
  Customers and the Responsive
  Organization 278
  Customer Relationship Management 278
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 280
  Quality Initiatives 280
  Technology and Organizational Agility 282
  Types of Technology Configurations 282
  Organizing for Flexible Manufacturing 283
  Organizing for Speed: Time-Based
  Competition 286
  Final Thoughts on Organizational Agility 287
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 288
  Key Terms 288
  Retaining What You Learned 289
  Discussion Questions 289
  Experiential Exercises 290
  CONCLUDING CASE 291
  PART THREE ORGANIZING: BUILDING A DYNAMIC ORGANIZATION
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 222
  Key Terms 222
  Retaining What You Learned 223
  Discussion Questions 224
  Experiential Exercises 225
  CONCLUDING CASE 227
  PART TWO SUPPORTING CASE 232
  APPENDIX B 233Contents xxv
  CHAPTER 10
  Human Resources
  Management 296
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 297
  Strategic Human Resource Management 298
  The HR Planning Process 299
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 300
  Staffing 302
  Recruitment 302
  Selection 303
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 304
  Workforce Reductions 306
  Developing the Workforce 309
  Training and Development 309
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 310
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 311
  Performance Appraisal 311
  What Do You Appraise? 312
  Who Should Do the Appraisal? 313
  How Do You Give Employees Feedback? 314
  Designing Reward Systems 315
  Pay Decisions 315
  Incentive Systems and Variable Pay 316
  Executive Pay and Stock Options 317
  Employee Benefits 317
  Legal Issues in Compensation and Benefits 318
  Health and Safety 318
  Labor Relations 319
  Labor Laws 319
  Unionization 320
  Collective Bargaining 320
  What Does the Future Hold? 321
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 322
  Key Terms 322
  Retaining What You Learned 323
  Discussion Questions 324
  Experiential Exercises 325
  CONCLUDING CASE 326
  CHAPTER 11
  Managing Diversity
  and Inclusiveness 332
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 333
  Diversity: A Brief History 334
  Diversity Today 335
  The Changing Workforce 335
  Understanding Diversity and Inclusion 341
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 342
  Advantage through Diversity and Inclusion 343
  Managing Diversity and Inclusion 343
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 344
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 347
  Multicultural Organizations 347
  Cultivating Inclusiveness 348
  Top Management’s Leadership and Commitment 348
  Organizational Assessment 349
  Attracting Employees 349
  Training Employees 350
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 351
  Retaining Employees 351
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 353
  Key Terms 353
  Retaining What You Learned 353
  Discussion Questions 355
  Experiential Exercises 355
  CONCLUDING CASE 357
  PART THREE SUPPORTING CASE 361
  PART FOUR LEADING: MOBILIZING PEOPLE
  CHAPTER 12
  Leadership 364
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 365
  What Do We Want from Our Leaders? 366
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 367
  Vision 367
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 369
  Leading and Managing 370
  Leading and Following 370
  Power and Leadership 371
  Sources of Power 371xxvi Contents
  Traditional Approaches to Understanding Leadership 373
  Leader Traits 373
  Leader Behaviors 374
  The Effects of Leader Behavior 376
  Situational Approaches to Leadership 378
  Contemporary Perspectives on Leadership 382
  Charismatic Leadership 382
  Transformational Leadership 383
  Many Opportunities to Lead 385
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 386
  A Note on Courage 386
  Developing Your Leadership Skills 387
  How Do I Start? 387
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 388
  What Are the Keys? 388
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 389
  Key Terms 389
  Retaining What You Learned 390
  Discussion Questions 391
  Experiential Exercises 391
  CONCLUDING CASE 392
  CHAPTER 13
  Motivating for Performance 398
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 399
  Motivating for Performance 400
  Setting Goals 401
  Goals That Motivate 401
  Stretch Goals 402
  Limitations of Goal Setting 402
  Set Your Own Goals 403
  Reinforcing Performance 403
  (Mis)Managing Rewards and Punishments 404
  Managing Mistakes 405
  Providing Feedback 405
  Performance-Related Beliefs 406
  The Effort-to-Performance Link 406
  The Performance-to-Outcome Link 407
  Impact on Motivation 407
  Managerial Implications of Expectancy Theory 407
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 408
  Understanding People’s Needs 409
  Maslow’s Needs 409
  Alderfer’s ERG Theory 410
  McClelland’s Needs 411
  Don’t Forget: People Can Differ 411
  Designing Motivating Jobs 411
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 412
  Job Rotation, Enlargement, and Enrichment 413
  Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory 413
  The Hackman and Oldham Model of Job Design 414
  Empowerment and Engagement 415
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 416
  Achieving Fairness 416
  Assessing Equity 417
  Restoring Equity 418
  Procedural Justice 418
  Employee Satisfaction and Well-Being 419
  Quality of Work Life 419
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 420
  Psychological Contracts 420
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 421
  Key Terms 422
  Retaining What You Learned 422
  Discussion Questions 423
  Experiential Exercises 424
  CONCLUDING CASE 426
  CHAPTER 14
  Teamwork 432
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 433
  The Contributions of Teams 434
  Types of Teams 434
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 436
  Self-Managed Teams 436
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 437
  How Groups Become Real Teams 438
  Group Processes 438
  Critical Periods 439
  Teaming Challenges 440
  Why Groups Sometimes Fail 440
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 440
  Building Effective Teams 441
  Performance Focus 441
  Motivating Teamwork 442
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 443
  Member Contributions 443
  Norms 443
  Roles 444
  Cohesiveness 445
  Building Cohesiveness and High-Performance Norms 446
  Managing Lateral Relationships 447
  Managing Outward 447
  Lateral Role Relationships 447
  Managing Conflict 448
  Conflict Styles 449
  Being a Mediator 450
  Virtual and E-conflict 451Contents xxvii
  PART FIVE CONTROLLING: LEARNING AND CHANGING
  CHAPTER 16
  Managerial Control 492
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 493
  Bureaucratic Control Systems 495
  The Control Cycle 495
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 496
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 497
  Approaches to Bureaucratic Control 499
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 501
  Management Audits 502
  Budgetary Controls 503
  Financial Controls 505
  Problems with Bureaucratic Control 508
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 509
  Designing Effective Control Systems 510
  The Other Controls: Markets and Clans 513
  Market Control 513
  Clan Control: Roles for Empowerment and Culture 515
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 516
  Key Terms 516
  Retaining What You Learned 516
  Discussion Questions 517
  Experiential Exercises 518
  CONCLUDING CASE 520
  CHAPTER 17
  Managing Technology
  and Innovation 524
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 525
  Technology and Innovation 526
  Technology Life Cycle 527
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 528
  Diffusion of Technological Innovations 529
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 530
  Technology Leadership and Followership 530
  Technology Leadership 531
  Technology Followership 533
  Assessing Technology Needs 534
  Measuring Current Technologies 534
  Assessing External Technological Trends 534
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 452
  Key Terms 452
  Retaining What You Learned 453
  Discussion Questions 454
  Experiential Exercises 454
  CONCLUDING CASE 455
  CHAPTER 15
  Communicating 460
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 461
  Interpersonal Communication 462
  One-Way versus Two-Way Communication 462
  Communication Pitfalls 463
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 463
  Oral and Written Channels 464
  Digital Communication and Social Media 465
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 468
  Media Richness 468
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 469
  Improving Communication Skills 469
  Improving Sender Skills 469
  Improving Receiver Skills 472
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 473
  Organizational Communication 475
  Downward Communication 475
  Upward Communication 477
  Horizontal Communication 478
  Informal Communication 479
  Transparency 479
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 480
  Key Terms 481
  Retaining What You Learned 481
  Discussion Questions 482
  Experiential Exercises 482
  CONCLUDING CASE 485
  PART FOUR SUPPORTING CASE 489xxviii Contents
  Making Technology Decisions 535
  Anticipated Market Receptiveness 535
  Technological Feasibility 536
  Economic Viability 536
  Anticipated Capability Development 537
  Organizational Suitability 537
  Sourcing and Acquiring New Technologies 538
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 539
  Internal Development 539
  Purchase 540
  Contracted Development 540
  Licensing 540
  Technology Trading 540
  Research Partnerships and Joint Ventures 540
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 541
  Acquiring a Technology Owner 541
  Technology and Managerial Roles 542
  Organizing for Innovation 543
  Unleashing Creativity 544
  Bureaucracy Busting 544
  Design Thinking 545
  Implementing Development Projects 546
  Technology, Job Design, and Human Resources 546
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 547
  Key Terms 547
  Retaining What You Learned 547
  Discussion Questions 549
  Experiential Exercises 549
  CONCLUDING CASE 550
  CHAPTER 18
  Creating and Leading Change 554
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION MANAGER’S BRIEF 555
  Becoming World Class 556
  Sustainable, Great Futures 556
  The Tyranny of the Or 557
  The Genius of the And 558
  Achieving Sustained Greatness 558
  Organization Development 559
  Managing Change 559
  Motivating People to Change 560
  INCLUSIVENESS WORKS 561
  A General Model for Managing Resistance 562
  Enlisting Cooperation 563
  Harmonizing Multiple Changes 565
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION PROGRESS REPORT 566
  Leading Change 567
  Shaping the Future 569
  Thinking about the Future 569
  THE DIGITAL WORLD 570
  Creating the Future 570
  SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 571
  Shaping Your Own Future 573
  Learning and Leading: Leaning into the Future 574
  A Collaborative, Sustainable Future? 575
  MANAGEMENT IN ACTION ONWARD 576
  Key Terms 576
  Retaining What You Learned 577
  Discussion Questions 577
  Experiential Exercises 578
  CONCLUDING CASE 579
  PART FIVE SUPPORTING CASE 583
  Glossary/Subject Index 585
  Name Index 611
  585
  A
  Abbvie, 336
  ABC. See Activity-based costing (ABC)
  ABC (network), 131
  ABC Supply, 211
  ABI/Inform, 233
  Ability, 381
  Academy of Management (Sanchez/Spector/
  Cooper), 185
  Accenture, 124, 172, 336–338, 534
  Accenture North America, 333, 347, 353, 501
  Accommodation A style of dealing
  with conflict involving cooperation on
  behalf of the other party but not being
  assertive about one’s own interests,
  449, 451
  Accountability The expectation
  that employees will perform a job, take
  corrective action when necessary, and
  report upward on the status and
  quality of their performance, 243,
  244, 352
  Accounting audits Procedures
  used to verify accounting reports and
  statements, 504
  Achievement-oriented leadership, 381
  Acquisition One firm buying another,
  59, 63–65, 128, 538–542
  Active learning, 573
  Activity-based costing (ABC) A
  method of cost accounting designed to
  identify streams of activity and then to
  allocate costs across particular business
  processes according to the amount of time
  employees devote to particular activities,
  504–505
  Act learning cycle, 574
  ADAAA. See Americans with Disabilities Act
  Amendments Act (ADAAA)
  Adafruit Industries, 204
  Adapters Companies that take
  the current industry structure and its
  evolution as givens, and choose where to
  compete, 570
  ADDA, 287
  Adecco, 62
  Adelante, 207
  Adidas, 60, 280
  Administrative management A
  classical management approach that
  attempted to identify major principles
  and functions that managers could
  use to achieve superior organizational
  performance, 32, 35, 38
  Administrator, 203, 224
  ADM. See Archer Daniels Midland (ADM)
  Adobe, 152, 206, 384, 463, 497
  Adopter. See Technology
  Advanced Energy Technology Inc., 234
  Adverse, 309
  Adverse impact When a seemingly
  neutral employment practice has a
  disproportionately negative effect on a
  protected group, 309
  Advertising, 55
  Advisory board, 219
  Advisory relationships, 448
  Aetna, 18, 384
  Affective conflict Emotional
  disagreement directed toward other
  people, 93
  Affiliation, need for, 411
  Affirmative action Special efforts
  to recruit and hire qualified members
  of groups that have been discriminated
  against in the past, 341
  Affordable Care Act, 365
  Africa
  Edom Nutritional Solutions, 208
  encouraging entrepreneurship in, 80
  ethical issues, 190
  independent strategies, 59
  international management, 176
  Merck and drug to eradicate spread of
  Ebola, 369
  African American Forum, 349
  African Americans, 335, 339–340
  See also Diversity
  African Americans. See Diversity
  After-action review A frank and
  open-minded discussion of four
  basic questions aimed at continuous
  improvement, 499
  Age discrimination, 341–342
  Age Discrimination in Employment Act (1973),
  308
  Agility. See Organizational agility
  AI-powered chatbot, 6. See also Artificial
  intelligence (AI)
  Airbnb, 89, 126, 179, 465
  Airbus, 531
  Alcoa, 275
  Alderfer’s ERG theory A human
  needs theory postulating that people have
  three basic sets of needs that can operate
  simultaneously, 409, 410, 411
  Alexa, 6
  Alibaba, 169–170, 191, 206
  AlienVault, 128
  Alliance, 272–275, 277
  Alliance to End Plastic, 159
  Allstar Electronics, 227
  Alphabet, 59, 205, 301, 337
  Alphabet/Google, 537
  Alternative Board, The, 241
  Amazon, 6, 8, 52–53, 55–56, 59, 64, 82, 89,
  122–123, 131, 135, 142, 169, 181, 201,
  206, 232, 274, 277, 383–384, 434, 446,
  451, 465, 480, 547
  Amazon Book, 43
  Amazon.com, 537
  Amazon Go, 288
  Amazon Web Services (AWS), 56, 78
  Ambidextrous organization An
  organization that is simultaneously
  good at exploitation and exploration,
  270, 544
  AMC, 170
  AMC Theatres, 247
  America. See United States
  American Customer Satisfaction Index, 276
  American Express, 175, 556–557
  American FactFinder, 233
  American Health Care Act, 318
  American-Made Index, 171
  American Management Association’s
  Operation Enterprise, 340
  American Superconductor (AMSC), 184
  Americans with Disabilities Act, 149
  Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments
  Act (ADAAA), 308, 340
  Americas, 175–176
  AMSC. See American Superconductor
  (AMSC)
  Amtrak, 6
  Analog devices, 268
  Analytical (critical) thinking, 573
  Analyzer firm, 538
  Android, 528
  Angel investor, 212
  AngelList, 215
  Anheuser-Busch, 408
  Anthem, 337
  Anytime Fitness, 204
  APEC. See Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
  (APEC)
  Apex Parks, 89
  Appirio, 493
  AppIt Ventures, 171
  Apple, 9, 52–53, 60, 140, 152, 174–175, 217,
  232, 244, 480, 531, 539, 544, 549
  Apple Watch, 212
  Application, job, 303
  Applied Materials, 478–479
  Appraisal. See Performance appraisal (PA)
  Arbitration The use of a neutral third
  party to resolve a labor dispute, 321
  Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), 54
  Argentina, 175
  Arm & Hammer, 126
  Artificial intelligence (AI), 22, 204,
  206, 351
  at Amazon, 123
  to analyze and mine data, 89
  and cybersecurity, 97
  digital aids, 46
  and leadership, 388
  and leadership substitutes, 382
  leveraging, for better future, 571
  research regarding, 15
  Smart Compose, 468
  and unconscious biases, 528
  ASEAN. See Association of Southeast Asian
  Nations (ASEAN)
  Asia
  corporate ethical standards, 147
  ethical issues in, 190
  global environment, 174–176
  impoverished women in, 206
  GLOSSARY / SUBJECTS586 Glossary / Subjects
  Asia—Cont.
  language variances by culture, 471
  multinational model, 180
  psychological biases, 87
  and Roshni Rides, 177
  Asian Americans, 335, 339–340
  and Google workforce, 311
  See also Diversity
  Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC),
  51, 175, 183
  Assessment, 388, 411
  Assessment center A managerial
  performance test in which candidates
  participate in a variety of exercises and
  situations, 305
  Assets The values of the various items
  the corporation owns, 505
  Assimilation The use of a neutral
  third party to resolve a labor
  dispute, 335
  Assistant manager, 16
  Association of Southeast Asian Nations
  (ASEAN), 175
  Astra Merck Group, 365
  Astroturfing, 142
  Athena Health, 280
  AT&T, 123, 128, 152, 184, 187, 274, 305, 336,
  338–339, 385
  Audit relationships, 448
  Authentic leadership A style in which
  the leader is true to himself or herself while
  leading, 384–385
  Authoritarianism, 381
  Authority The legitimate right to make
  decisions and to tell other people what to
  do, 35, 240
  board of directors, 240–241
  chief executive officer (CEO), 241
  in vertical organization structure, 240–242
  Autocratic leadership A form of
  leadership in which the leader makes
  decisions on his or her own and then
  announces those decisions to the
  group, 376
  Automakers, 178, 239, 249, 280
  Automation, 172, 321
  Automattic, 467
  Automobiles, 62
  Autonomous work groups Groups
  that control decisions about and execution
  of a complete range of tasks, 437
  Autonomy, 414–415
  Avastin, 532
  Avoidance A reaction to conflict that
  involves ignoring the problem by doing
  nothing at all or deemphasizing the
  disagreement, 449–451
  Awareness building, 350–351
  AWS. See Amazon Web Services (AWS)
  B
  Baby Boomer, 7, 257, 301, 541
  Baccarat, 497
  Background check, 304–305
  BAE Systems, 366
  Balanced scorecard Control system
  combining four sets of performance
  measures: financial, customer satisfaction,
  business processes, and learning and
  growth, 117, 512
  Balance sheet A report that shows the
  financial picture of a company at a given
  time and itemizes assets, liabilities, and
  stockholders’ equity, 505
  Banana Republic, 278
  Banco do Brasil, 11
  Bank of America, 59, 338, 493
  Bankruptcy, 111
  Barclays, 493
  Barefoot College (India), 156
  Barnes & Noble, 52
  Barrier Break, 208
  Barriers to entry Conditions that
  prevent new companies from entering an
  industry, 52, 57
  BARS. See Behaviorally anchored rating scale
  (BARS)
  Basecamp (formerly 37 signals), 64, 212
  Base technologies, 534
  Baskin-Robbins, 183
  Batesville Casket Company, 540
  B&B Tool Company, 282
  BCG matrix, 127–128
  Beats, 59
  Bechtel, 186
  Behavior, 404
  Behavioral appraisal, 312
  Behavioral approach A leadership
  perspective that attempts to identify what
  good leaders do—that is, what behaviors
  they exhibit, 374, 375–376
  Behavioral description interview, 303
  Behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS), 312
  Beijing Institute of Technology, 184
  Beloit Corporation, 211
  Benchmarking The process of
  comparing an organization’s practices
  and technologies with those of other
  companies, 58, 123–124, 535
  Berkshire Hathaway, 171
  Berkshire Hathaway Energy, 124
  Best Trust Bank, 485
  Beyond Meat, 531
  Bias
  psychological decision, 86–87
  unconscious, 528
  BIA. See B Impact Assessment (BIA)
  Big Bison Resorts, 426–in 427
  Big data, 278. See also Customer relationship
  management
  B Impact Assessment (BIA), 496
  BIM. See Building information model (BIM)
  Biomedical innovation, 537
  Biotechnology, 204
  Bitcoin, 571
  B-Lab, 496
  Black voting rights, 334
  Blake and Mouton’s Leadership Grid, 377
  Bleeding edge, 533
  Blizzard Entertainment, 302
  Blockbuster, 8, 52, 122
  Blockchain, 535
  Blockchain technology, 571
  Blogs, 142
  Bloomberg Database, 233
  Bloomin’ Brands, 129
  Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina,
  414
  BMW, 536, 539
  BodeTree, 19
  Body Shop, The, 158
  Boeing, 123, 175, 187, 434
  Bonobos, 387
  Bootlegging Informal work on projects,
  other than those officially assigned, of
  employees’ own choosing and initiative,
  220
  Boring Company, 525
  Boston Consulting Group, 127–128, 543
  Boundaryless organization 
  Organization in which there are few
  barriers to information flow, 480
  Boundary-spanning Interacting with
  people in other groups, thus creating
  linkages between groups, 447
  Bounded rationality A less-thanperfect form of rationality in which decision
  makers cannot be perfectly rational
  because decisions are complex and
  complete information is unavailable or
  cannot be fully processed, 96
  BP, 171
  BP Deepwater Horizon, 50
  Brainstorming A process in which
  group members generate as many ideas
  about a problem as they can; criticism
  is withheld until all ideas have been
  proposed, 94–95
  Brainwriting, 95
  Brand identification, 52, 126
  Brazil
  cultural issues in, 188
  franchises in, 183
  and international management, 175–176
  Quadra Drilling Systems in, 455
  Brexit (British Exit), 174
  Bribery, 47, 144, 146, 190
  Bring your own app (BYOA), 541
  Bring your own device (BYOD) policy, 541
  Broker A person who assembles and
  coordinates participants in a network, 255
  Brown v. Board of Education (1954), 335
  B Team, The, 61Glossary / Subjects 587
  Budget and reward system, 113
  Budgetary control, 503–505
  Budgeting The process of investigating
  what is being done and comparing the
  results with the corresponding budget
  data to verify accomplishments or remedy
  differences; also called budgetary
  controlling, 503
  Budget types, 504
  Buffering Creating supplies of excess
  resources in case of unpredictable needs,
  61–62
  Building information model (BIM), 287
  Built to Last (Collins/Porras), 556–557
  Bureaucracy A classical management
  approach emphasizing a structured,
  formal network of relationships among
  specialized positions in the organization,
  36, 38
  in evolution of management thought, 32,
  36–38, 61
  and technological innovation, 544–545
  Bureaucratic control The use of
  rules, regulations, and authority to guide
  performance, 494. See also Managerial
  control, bureaucratic control systems
  Bureau of Labor Statistics, 233, 341
  Burt’s Bees, 158
  Business
  geography of, 177
  Africa and Middle East, 176
  Americas, 175–176
  China and India, 174–175
  key aspects of global environment, 174
  Western Europe, 173–174
  leader knowledge of, 373–374
  Business accelerator Organization
  that provides support and advice to help
  young businesses grow, 211
  Business ethics The moral principles
  and standards that guide behavior in the
  world of business, 142, 144–145. See
  also Ethics
  Business Gateway site, of Business.gov, 234
  Business incubators Protected
  environments for new, small
  businesses, 211
  Business model innovation, 526–527
  Business plan A formal planning step
  that focuses on the entire venture and
  describes all the elements involved in
  starting it, 214–215
  Business practice, 64
  Business Roundtable, 60
  Business strategy The major actions
  by which a business competes in a
  particular industry or market, 128–129
  Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce, 451
  Business-to-business (B2B) model, 206
  Business-to-business (B2B) selling, 54
  Buyers, 44, 68
  BYOA. See Bring your own app (BYOA)
  BYOD. See Bring your own device (BYOD)
  policy
  C
  Cadillac, 59, 175
  Cafeteria benefit program An
  employee benefit program in which
  employees choose from a menu of options
  to create a benefit package tailored to their
  needs, 318
  CAFTA-DR. See Central America-Dominican
  Republic Free Trade Agreement
  (CAFTA-DR)
  Calamities, 204
  Cambridge Analytica, 97, 140
  Campfire, 64
  Canada, 176
  Canadian North, 213
  Capability development, and technology,
  537–538
  Capital budget, 504
  Capitalism, 154
  Capital requirement, 52
  Capterra, 81–82, 84–85
  Carbon emissions, 158
  Carbon footprint The output of
  carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
  gases, 157
  CareerBuilder, 303
  Career development
  being accountable, 22–23
  be self-reliance, 20
  connecting with people, 20–21
  continuous learning, 574
  critical skills, 573–574
  emotional intelligence, 19
  expert advice, 20
  generalist, 19
  learning and leading, 574–575
  learning cycle, 574
  Level 5 hierarchy, 574–575
  lifelong learning, 574–575
  and promotions, 352
  relationship with organization, 21
  specialist, 19
  Career path, 246
  Career Solvers, 473
  Carlo’s Bake Shop, 123
  Carnival Corporation, 339
  Cases
  Best Trust Bank, 485
  Big Bison Resorts, 426–427
  DIY Stores, 291–292
  Invincibility Systems, 327–328
  Niche Hotel Group (NHG), 357–358
  Oré Earth Skin Care, 163–164
  Quadra Drilling Systems, 455–456
  Soaring Eagle Skate Company, 102–103
  Soft Scroll, 227
  Stanley Lynch Investment Group, 264
  Tata Motors, 71–72
  Treasure Cup, 194
  Wish You Wood Toy Store, 135
  Worldwide Games, 550
  Cash budget, 504
  Cash cow, in BCG matrix, 127–128
  Caterpillar, 179, 251, 349
  Caux Principles A regenerative,
  collaborative economic system that
  contrasts with the linear economy
  described earlier by minimizing input,
  waste, emissions, and energy
  leakage, 143
  Cement companies, 239
  Centennials, 570
  Center for Generational Kinetics, 570
  Central America-Dominican Republic Free
  Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), 176
  Centralization, 35
  Centralized organization An
  organization in which high-level executives
  make most decisions and pass them down
  to lower levels for implementation, 245
  CEO pay, as ethical issue, 145
  CEO. See Chief executive officer (CEO)
  Ceremony, 65
  Certainty The state that exists when
  decision makers have accurate and
  comprehensive information, 78
  Challenge, 388
  Change and change management
  achieving sustained greatness,
  558–559
  anchor new approaches in culture, 569
  becoming world class, 556–559
  consolidate gains and produce more, 569
  creating and leading, 1
  education and communication, 563–564
  enlisting cooperation, 563–565
  explicit and implicit coercion, 564–565
  facilitation and support, 564–565
  genius of the and, 558
  harmonizing multiple changes, 565–567
  leading, 559–560, 567–569
  managing resistance, 560–565
  manipulation and cooptation, 564–565
  motivating people, 560–562
  moving, 563
  negotiation and rewards, 564–565
  organizational development, 559
  participation and involvement, 564
  refreezing, 563
  sustainable, great futures, 556–557
  tyranny of the or, 557
  unfreezing, 562–563
  See also Shaping the future
  Change vision, communication, 568
  ChanZuckerberg Initiative, 22
  Charismatic leader A person who is
  dominant, self-confident, convinced of the
  moral righteousness of his or her beliefs,588 Glossary / Subjects
  and able to arouse a sense of excitement
  and adventure in followers, 383
  Chatbot, 6
  Chevrolet, 539
  Chevron, 187
  Chevy, 53
  Chick-fil-A, 53, 123, 401
  Chief executive officer (CEO), 16, 119,
  241–242, 247
  Chief information officer
  (CIO) Executive in charge of information
  technology strategy and development, 16,
  242, 542
  Chief innovation officer, 542
  Chief operating officer (COO), 16
  Chief technology officer (CTO), 542
  Child labor provisions, 318
  Chile, 176
  Chi-Med, 540
  China, 274
  charismatic leaders from, 383
  companies outsourcing jobs to, 172
  disaster-resilient homes in, 386
  Disney theme park in, 131
  doing business via joint ventures, 184
  environmental problems in, 157
  feedback to employees in, 310
  Foxconn as employer in, 232
  and inexpensive labor force, 51
  and international licensing, 183
  and international management, 174–175
  lack of qualified executives, 185
  pressures for local responsiveness, 178–179
  problems with counterfeits, 191
  Quadra Drilling Systems in, 455
  socializing with boss, 465
  substitutes for leadership, 382
  tech-savvy shoppers in, 169
  top global firms in, 171
  trade war with, 4
  transnational model, 181
  China National Petroleum (China), 4, 171
  Chipotle, 53, 283, 498
  Chipotle Mexican Grill, 116
  Chrysler, 489
  Church & Dwight Company, 126
  Cigna Group, 59
  CIM. See Computer-integrated manufacturing
  (CIM)
  CIO. See Chief information (or technology, or
  knowledge) officer (CIO)
  Circle Internet Financial, 571
  Circular economy A regenerative,
  collaborative economic system that
  contrasts with the linear economy
  described earlier by minimizing input,
  waste, emissions, and energy leakage, 159
  Cisco, 434, 443, 466, 570
  Cisco Foundation, 277
  Cisco WebEx, 46
  Citibank, 152
  Citigroup, 306
  Civil aspiration, 154
  Civil Rights Act (1964), 334–335, 338
  Civil Rights Act (1991), 308
  Civil Rights Act (1964), Title VII of, 308
  Clairol, 126
  Clan control Control based on the
  norms, values, shared goals, and trust
  among group members, 494–495
  Classical approaches, to management, 32–33
  CliftonStrengths assessment, 20
  Climate, 44, 68
  company responsibility of impact on, 145
  organizational, 65–66
  Climate change, 49, 61, 158, 204, 555
  Clinton Global Initiative, 177
  Closeness of supervision, 375
  Cloud computing, 531
  CM. See Crisis management (CM)
  Coaching Dialogue with a goal of
  helping another be more effective and
  achieve his or her full potential on the job,
  310, 476
  Coalition, 60–61, 568
  Coalition model Model of
  organizational decision making in which
  groups with differing preferences use
  power and negotiation to influence
  decisions, 96
  Coal mining, 319
  Coal-mining technologies, 546
  Coca-Cola, 5, 49, 51–52, 54, 152, 155, 187,
  207, 273
  Cocheco Company, 33
  Coercion, for managing resistance to change,
  564–565
  Coercive power, 372
  Cognitive ability test, 305
  Cognitive conflict Issue-based
  differences in perspectives or
  judgments, 93
  Cohesiveness The degree to which
  a group is attractive to its members,
  members are motivated to remain in
  the group, and members influence one
  another, 445–448, 451–452
  Coinbase, 571
  Cold Stone Creamery, 183, 309
  Colgate, 186
  Colgate-Palmolive, 158
  Collaboration A style of dealing with
  conflict emphasizing both cooperation and
  assertiveness to maximize both parties’
  satisfaction, 7–8, 240, 450, 452, 545,
  575–576
  Collective bargaining, 320–321
  Collectivism. See Individualism/collectivism
  Colombia, 176
  Comcast NBCUniversal, 336, 366
  Communicating, 1
  encouraging open, 511
  general model of, 462
  improving skills, 469–475
  interpersonal, 462–469
  for managing resistance to change, 563–564
  media richness, 468
  one-way versus two-way, 462–463
  oral and written channels, 464
  organizational, 475–480
  pitfalls of, 463–464
  SoundCloud, 461
  See also entries for specific types of
  communication
  Communication The transmission of
  information and meaning from one party
  to another through the use of shared
  symbols, 462
  Communitarian entrepreneurial identity, 208
  Comparable worth Principle of
  equal pay for different jobs of equal
  worth, 318
  Compassion, 190
  Compensation and benefits, legal issues in,
  316, 318
  Competence skills of workforce, 117
  Competing A style of dealing with
  conflict involving strong focus on one’s
  own goals and little or no concern for the
  other person’s goals, 450
  Competition, 217, 446
  Competitive action, 62
  Competitive advantage, 62
  Competitive aggression, 59–60, 221
  Competitive environment The
  immediate environment surrounding a firm;
  includes suppliers, customers, rivals, and
  the like, 44
  competitors, 51–52, 68
  customers, 54–55, 68
  new entrants, 52, 68
  opportunities and threats in, 124–125
  substitutes and complements, 52–53, 68
  suppliers, 53–54, 68
  Competitive intelligence Information
  that helps managers determine how to
  compete better, 57
  Competitive landscape
  collaboration across boundaries, 7–8
  globalization, 4–5
  knowledge management, 6–7
  technological change, 5–6
  Competitive pacification, 59
  Competitor analysis, 121
  Competitors (rival firms), 50–52, 57, 68
  Complement, 52–53
  Compliance-based ethics program 
  Company mechanisms typically designed
  by corporate counsel to prevent, detect,
  and punish legal violations, 149
  Compromise A style of dealing with
  conflict involving moderate attention to
  both parties’ concerns, 449
  Computer-aided design, 284
  Computer-aided manufacturing, 284
  Computer chip, 534Glossary / Subjects 589
  Computer-integrated manufacturing
  (CIM) The use of computer-aided
  design and computer-aided manufacturing
  to sequence and optimize a number of
  production processes, 284
  Concentration A strategy an
  organization uses to operate a single
  business and compete in a single industry,
  126–127
  Concentric diversification A strategy
  used to add new businesses that produce
  related products or are involved in related
  markets and activities, 127
  Conceptual and decision skill Skill
  pertaining to abilities that help to identify
  and resolve problems for the benefit of the
  organization and its members, 18
  Concern for people, 375, 377
  Concern for production, 375, 377
  Concurrent control The control
  process used while plans are being carried
  out, including directing, monitoring, and
  fine-tuning activities as they are performed,
  499–500
  Concurrent engineering A design
  approach in which all relevant functions
  cooperate jointly and continually in a
  maximum effort aimed at producing highquality products that meet customers’
  needs, 287
  Conference Board, 58
  Conflict Opposing pressures from
  different sources, occurring on the level of
  psychological conflict or conflict between
  individuals or groups, 80
  constructive, in decision making, 92–93
  and culture, 449
  management strategies for, 449–451
  managing, 449–451
  Conflict style, 449–451
  Conglomerate diversification A
  strategy used to add new businesses that
  produce unrelated products or are involved
  in unrelated markets and activities,
  127–128
  Congressional testimony, 3
  Consequences, 404
  Consideration, 375–376
  Constructive conflict, 92–93
  Constructive conflict management, 448
  Consulting firms, 234
  Consumer Expenditure Survey, 233
  Container Store, 280
  Contemporary approaches, to management,
  32, 37
  Content validity, 306
  Contingencies Factors that determine
  the appropriateness of managerial
  actions, 38
  Contingency perspective An
  approach to the study of management
  proposing that the managerial strategies,
  structures, and processes that result
  in high performance depend on the
  characteristics, or important contingencies,
  of the situation in which they are
  applied, 32, 37–38
  Contingency plans Alternative courses
  of action that can be implemented based
  on how the future unfolds, 83, 111–112
  Contingency theory, 32, 37–38
  Contingent worker, 62
  Continuous improvement, 9
  Continuous process A process that
  is highly automated and has a continuous
  production flow, 283
  Contracted development, of technology, 540
  Contraction, 60–62
  Control Any process that directs
  the activities of individuals toward the
  achievement of organizational goals, 494
  Control culture, 71
  Control cycle, 495–499
  Controlling The management function
  of monitoring performance and making
  needed changes, 1, 12, 14–15
  Control systems, designing effective, 510–513
  Conventional stage, 144
  Cooperation, 449–450
  Cooperation, enlisting, 563–565
  Cooperative strategies Strategies
  used by firms who want to reach their
  objectives in cooperation with other firms
  through alliances and partnerships rather
  than by competing with them, 60–61
  Coopetition Simultaneous competition
  and cooperation among companies with
  the intent of creating value, 8
  Cooptation, 60–61, 564–565
  Coordination The procedures that link
  the various parts of an organization for the
  purpose of achieving the organization’s
  overall mission, 239, 240
  Coordination and communication,
  258–259
  Coordination by mutual adjustment 
  Units interact with one another to make
  accommodations to achieve flexible
  coordination, 257–258
  Coordination by plan Interdependent
  units are required to meet deadlines and
  objectives that contribute to a common
  goal, 256
  Coordination by standardization, 256
  COO. See Chief operating officer (COO)
  CopyShark.net, 212
  Core capability (competence) A
  unique skill and/or knowledge an
  organization possesses that gives it an
  edge over competitors, 123–124, 272
  Corning, 124
  Corporate citizenship, 117
  Corporate diplomacy An umbrella
  term for attempting to influence external
  stakeholders through a variety of strategic
  activities, 60
  Corporate entrepreneurship
  building intrapreneurship, 220
  management challenges, 220–221
  orientation, 221
  support for idea, 219–220
  Corporate ethical standards, 147
  Corporate governance The role of
  a corporation’s executive staff and board
  of directors in ensuring that the firm’s
  activities meet the goals of the firm’s
  stakeholders, 242
  Corporate Knights, 11
  Corporate mission statement, 64
  Corporate responsibility, 1
  contrasting views, 154–155
  corporate social responsibility (CSR), 153
  philanthropic responsibilities, 154
  pyramid of global corporate social
  responsibility and performance, 153
  reconciliation, 155
  stewardship, 152
  transcendent education, 154
  Corporate social responsibility (CSR) 
  Obligation toward society assumed by
  business, 153, 207
  See also Ethics
  Corporate strategy The set of
  businesses, markets, or industries in
  which an organization competes and the
  distribution of resources among those
  entities, 126, 127–128
  Costa Rica, 176
  Cost budget, 504
  Costco, 117, 169
  Cost competitiveness Keeping costs
  low to achieve profits and be able to offer
  prices that are attractive to consumers,
  11–12
  Costs
  and ethics, 150
  of technology, 533–534
  Counterfeits, 191
  County business patterns, 233
  Courage, 150–151, 386–387
  Cowork Café, 443
  Co-working, 443
  CPO Commerce, 477
  Cradle-to-cradle approach, 158
  Creativity, 573
  actions, 94
  brainstorming, 94–95590 Glossary / Subjects
  Creativity—Cont.
  encouraging, 93–94
  in group decision making, 92–94
  Crisis, decision making in, 96–98
  Crisis management (CM) Process
  of identifying, preparing for, and dealing
  with potentially catastrophic threats to an
  organization, 96
  Criterion-related validity, 306
  Critical period, 439
  CRM. See Customer relationship management
  (CRM)
  CropEnergies AG, 121
  Cross-cultural competence. See Diversity
  Cross-functional coordination, 248
  Cross-selling, 140
  Crowdfunding, 212, 215
  CrowdRise, 212
  CSR. See Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
  C-suite, 16, 241
  CTO. See Chief technology officer (CTO)
  Cultural assessment, 65
  Cultural intelligence, diversity and, 573
  Culture, 44, 68, 71
  bridging divides, 188
  and conflict management, 449
  culture shock, 188
  diagnosing, 64–65
  ethnocentrism, 187
  inpatriate, 189
  managing, 65
  organization, 63–65
  and working overseas, 187–189
  Culture shock The disorientation and
  stress associated with being in a foreign
  environment, 188
  Current events, 38
  Current ratio A liquidity ratio that
  indicates the extent to which short-term
  assets can decline and still be adequate to
  pay short-term liabilities, 507
  Customer(s), 50, 57, 279
  actions and attitudes affect, 55
  final, 54
  identifying current and future, 571–572
  intermediate, 54
  Customer division, 250
  Customer goal, 117
  Customer intimacy, 117
  Customer relationship management
  (CRM) A multifaceted process focusing on
  creating two-way exchanges with customers
  to foster intimate knowledge of their needs,
  wants, and buying patterns, 278–280
  Customer value, 117, 280
  Customization, 206
  Custom-made solutions New, creative
  solutions designed specifically for the
  problem, 81
  CVS, 63
  Cyberattacks, 204
  Cybersecurity, 97, 128
  D
  Dale Carnegie, 410
  Dannon, 49
  “Dark Triad” traits, 374
  Darwinian entrepreneurial identity, 208
  Data, and predictive analytics, 89
  Death, of entrepreneur, 213–214
  Debt–equity ratio A leverage ratio that
  indicates the company’s ability to meet its
  long-term financial obligations, 508
  Decentralization, 245–246
  Decentralized approach, 61
  Decentralized organization An
  organization in which lower-level managers
  make important decisions, 245
  Decision making
  barriers to effective, 86–89
  best decisions, 86
  characteristics of managerial
  conflict, 80
  lack of structure, 70
  uncertainty and risk, 78–79
  delegating and decentralizing and, 250
  engaging younger generations, 273
  ethics in, 149–150
  general stages of, 110
  in groups
  cons, 89–91
  pros, 89–90
  judgment and, 573
  leadership participation in, 376
  managing group, 91–95
  organizational
  constraints on decision makers, 95–96
  in crisis, 96–98
  processes, 96
  permanent interdepartmental, 259
  phases of, 100
  evaluating alternatives, 82–83
  evaluating decision, 85
  generating alternative solutions, 81–82
  identifying and diagnosing problem, 81
  implementing decision, 85–86
  making choice, 84
  and technology, 535–538
  Defects per million opportunities (DPMO),
  500–501
  Defender firm, 537–538
  Defenders Companies that stay within
  a stable product domain as a strategic
  maneuver, 59
  Delegation The assignment of new or
  additional responsibilities to a subordinate,
  213, 242
  advantages of, 244
  in horizontal organization structure, 250
  responsibility, authority, and accountability,
  243–244
  steps to, 244–245
  in vertical organization structure, 242–245
  Delivery.com, 571
  Dell, 54, 232, 283, 286, 303
  Deloitte Consulting, 172, 301
  Deloitte & Touche, 352
  Demand, changes in, 54
  Demand forecast, 300–301
  Deming’s 14 Points of Quality, 280–281
  Democratic leadership A form of
  leadership in which the leader solicits input
  from subordinates, 376
  Democratic Republic of Congo, 190
  Demographic change, 204
  Demographics Measures of various
  characteristics of the people who make up
  groups or other social units, 44, 47–48,
  68, 174
  Demotivating job, 412–413
  Departmentalization Subdividing an
  organization into smaller subunits,
  246–247, 250
  Department of Homeland Security (DHS), 401
  Department of Labor, 308
  Designer role, 255
  Design thinking A human-centered
  approach to problem solving and solution
  finding that is based on nonlinear
  iterations of inspiration, ideation, and
  implementation, 545–546
  Development Helping managers and
  professional employees learn the broad
  skills needed for their present and future
  jobs, 309
  Development project A focused
  organizational effort to create a new
  product or process via technological
  advances, 546
  Devil’s advocacy A person who
  has the job of criticizing ideas to ensure
  that their downsides are fully
  explored, 93
  Devil’s advocate A person who has the
  job of criticizing ideas to ensure that their
  downsides are fully explored, 93
  DHS. See Department of Homeland Security
  (DHS)
  Diagio, 4
  Dialectic A structured debate comparing
  two conflicting courses of action, 93
  Different assessments, and resistance to
  change, 560–562
  Differentiation An aspect of the
  organization’s internal environment created
  by job specialization and the division of
  labor, 238–239
  Differentiation strategy A strategy
  an organization uses to build competitive
  advantage by being unique in its industry
  or market segment along one or more
  dimensions, 129Glossary / Subjects 591
  Digital communication, social media and,
  465–468
  Digital entrepreneur, 206
  Digital wallet payment, 206
  Digital World boxes
  artificial intelligence (AI), 351, 388
  BYOD and BYOA policies, 541
  chatbot, 6
  crowdfunding, 212
  digital monitoring and ethics, 147
  employee performance reviews, 497
  global mail etiquette, 190
  global virtual teamwork, 440
  Gmail, 468
  online networks replace traditional
  hierarchies, 257
  organization culture, 64
  predictive analytics, 89
  “social listening,” 280
  social media profiles, 304
  technological advances, 122
  technology to motivate, 420
  tech-savvy Gen Z enters workforce, 570
  D&I initiatives, 436, 501
  Dillard’s, 286
  Direct contact (mutual adjustment), 259
  Directive leadership, 375, 381
  Disabilities, including people with, 336,
  340–341
  Disaster, contingency plan for, 112
  Disaster-resilient homes, engineering, 386
  Discipline, 35
  Discounting the future (also Discount
  the future) A bias weighting short-term
  costs and benefits more heavily than
  longer-term costs and benefits, 87
  Discover learning cycle, 574
  Discrimination, 152, 335
  See also Diversity
  D&I. See Diversity and inclusion (D&I)
  initiative (D&I)
  Disney, 203, 556–557
  Disney Plus, 131
  Disruptive innovation A process
  by which a product, service, or business
  model takes root initially in simple
  applications at the bottom of a market
  and then moves “up market,”
  eventually displacing established
  competitors, 531
  Disseminator, 17
  Distribution channel, 127
  Disturbance, 17
  Diverse supplier, 336
  Diverse team, 92
  Diverse workforce One in which
  there are both similarities and differences
  among employees in terms of age,
  cultural background, physical abilities and
  disabilities, race, religion, sex, and sexual
  orientation, 334
  Diversification A firm’s investment in a
  different product, business, or geographic
  area, 59, 128
  Diversity Bringing in multiple distinctive
  categories of people sharing human
  commonalities; a broad term used to
  refer to all kinds of differences. These
  differences include education, political
  belief, religion, and income in addition to
  gender, race, ethnicity, and nationality,
  335, 342, 348–349
  accountability, 352
  advantages of, in workforce, 1, 48
  advantages through, and inclusion, 343
  age, 341
  assumptions and implications, 348
  attracting, 349
  awareness building among, 350–351
  and brand marketing, 126
  career development and promotions, 35
  changing workforce, 335–341
  company diversity initiatives, examples of, 336
  components of diversified workforce,
  335–336
  and cultural intelligence, 573
  educational, 446
  education levels, 341
  gender issues, 336
  history, 334–335
  and inclusion, 342–347
  management, 448
  mental and physical disabilities,
  340–341
  mentoring, 352
  minorities and immigrants, 339–340
  multicultural organizations, 347–348
  national, 446
  and pay inequities, 152
  retaining, 351–352
  skill building, 351
  start-ups and, 217
  in teams, 92
  training, 350–351
  women, top companies for, 338
  See also entries for specific types of diversity;
  Inclusion; Recruitment
  Diversity and inclusion (D&I) initiative
  (D&I), 416
  Diversity council, sponsoring, 336
  Diversity management, 448
  Diversity training Programs that
  focus on identifying and reducing hidden
  biases against people with differences and
  developing the skills needed to manage a
  diversified workforce, 310
  Divestiture A firm selling one or more
  businesses, 59
  Divisional organization 
  Departmentalization that groups units
  around products, customers, or geographic
  regions, 249–251
  Division of labor The assignment
  of different tasks to different people or
  groups, 238
  Division of work, 35
  DIY Stores, 291–292
  Dogs, in BCG matrix, 127–128
  Domain selection Entering a new
  market or industry using an existing
  expertise, 58
  Dominican Republic, 176
  Domino’s, 498
  Donor Alliance, 281
  Dow Chemical, 158, 186
  Dow Jones, 233
  Dow Jones Industrial Average, 45
  Downsizing The planned elimination of
  positions or jobs, 278, 306
  Downward
  communication Information that
  flows from higher to lower levels in the
  organization’s hierarchy, 475
  coaching, 476
  in difficult times, 476–477
  information loss in, 475–476
  open-book management, 477
  DPMO. See Defects per million opportunities
  (DPMO)
  Drive, leader, 373–374
  Dropbox, 53, 440
  Dr Pepper Snapple, 63, 273
  Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988, 305
  Drug testing, 305
  Dual-career couple, 186
  DuPont, 531
  Dynamic capabilities Higher-level
  strategic capabilities (compared with
  ordinary capabilities) that aid rapid
  adaptation, 272
  Dynamic network Temporary
  arrangements among partners that can be
  assembled and reassembled to adapt to
  the environment, 254
  Dynamic organization, building, 14
  E
  Early adopter, 529, 534, 538. See also
  Technology
  EA Sports, 540
  Eastman Kodak, 184
  eBay, 49, 82, 207, 525
  EBSCOhost, 233
  Ecomagination, 157
  E-commerce, 205–206
  Economic dislocation, 204
  Economic environment, 174, 211
  Economic programs (data by sector), 233
  Economic responsibilities To produce
  goods and services that society wants at
  a price that perpetuates the business and
  satisfies its obligations to investors, 153
  Economic strike, 321
  Economic viability, 536–538
  Economies of scale Reductions in the
  average cost of a unit of production as the592 Glossary / Subjects
  total volume produced increases, 32, 39,
  276, 280
  Economies of scope Economies in
  which materials and processes employed
  in one product can be used to make other,
  related products, 275–276
  Economist’s Global Forecasting Service, 58
  Economy, 44–46, 68
  global, 170–173
  government influence over, 45
  EDGAR database, 233
  Edmunds.com, 82
  Edom Nutritional Solutions, 208
  Education
  diversity and levels of, 341
  diversity in, 446
  for managing resistance to change, 563
  of workforce, 48
  EEOC. See Equal Employment Opportunity
  Commission (EEOC)
  Effective, 12
  Effects, 404
  Efficient, 12
  Effort-to-performance link, 406–407
  Egalitarianism, 543
  Egoism An ethical system defining
  acceptable behavior as that which
  maximizes consequences for the
  individual, 143
  Electrical grid, 97
  Electronic word processing, 534
  El Salvador, 176
  Email, 465–468. See also Digital communication
  Email etiquette, 190
  Emerging technologies, 534
  Emotional intelligence (EQ) Skills of
  understanding yourself, managing yourself,
  and dealing effectively with others, 19, 573
  Empathy, 154, 436
  Employee benefits, 317–318
  Employee engagement When
  employees invest their physical, mental,
  and emotional energy into performing
  their jobs, including working hard
  and producing, taking initiative, and
  contributing additional citizenship
  behaviors, 415
  Employee feedback, 314
  Employee monitoring, future trends in, 516
  Employee Polygraph Protection Act
  (EPPA), 305
  Employee Retirement Income Security Act
  (ERISA), 318
  Employee satisfaction and well-being, 419–422
  Employee tracking, 509
  Employment-at-will The legal concept
  that an employer can terminate an
  employee for any reason, 307
  Empowering, 444
  Empowerment The process of sharing
  power with employees, thereby enhancing
  their confidence in their ability to perform
  their jobs and their belief that they are
  influential contributors to the organization,
  61, 415–416
  Energy efficiency, 204
  Energy needs, managing, 566
  Engineering, 122
  Entrance, 446
  Entrepreneur Individual who
  establishes a new organization without the
  benefit of corporate sponsorship, 17, 201
  Entrepreneur.com and magazine, 233
  Entrepreneurial orientation The
  tendency of an organization to identify and
  capitalize successfully on opportunities to
  launch new ventures by entering new or
  established markets with new or existing
  goods or services, 221
  Entrepreneurial personality, 208–210
  Entrepreneurial venture A new
  business having growth and high
  profitability as primary objectives, 200
  Entrepreneur magazine, 205
  Entrepreneurship The pursuit of
  lucrative opportunities by enterprising
  individuals, 1, 200
  corporate, 219–221
  e-commerce, 205–206
  entrepreneurial personality, 208–210
  franchises, 204–205
  idea, 203
  increasing chances of success, 214–219
  information/resources, 233–234
  innovation, 209–210
  Latina entrepreneurs, 207
  making good choices, 209–210
  management challenges, 211–214
  myths about, 200–201
  next frontiers for, 205
  nonfinancial resources, 218–219
  opportunity, 203–204
  risk, 209–210
  role of economic environment, 211
  social, 206–208
  Starbucks, 199–200, 210, 222
  start-ups and diversity, 217
  strategy matrix, 209–210
  success and failure, 210–211
  successful entrepreneurs, 201–202
  what it takes to succeed, 203
  who is an entrepreneur, 203, 224
  why become an entrepreneur, 22
  Entry mode
  exporting, 182–183
  franchising, 182–183
  joint ventures, 182, 184
  licensing, 182–183
  wholly owned subsidiaries, 182, 184
  Environmental agenda, 158–159
  Environmental analysis, 55–58, 120–121
  attractive and unattractive environments, 57
  benchmarking, 58
  forecasting, 58
  scanning, 57
  scenario development, 57
  uncertainty, 56
  Environmental complexity, 56
  Environmental degradation, 157
  Environmental dynamism, 56
  Environmental risk, 157
  Environmental scanning Searching
  for and sorting through information about
  the environment, 57
  Environmental uncertainty When
  managers do not have enough information
  about the environment to understand or
  predict the future, 56
  Environment context, 217
  EPPA. See Employee Polygraph Protection Act
  (EPPA)
  EQ. See Emotional intelligence (EQ)
  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
  (EEOC), 308
  Equal employment laws, U.S., 308–309
  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
  (EEOC), 47, 338
  Equal pay, 152
  Equal Pay Act (1963), 308, 318
  Equal-pay-for-equal-work, 318
  Equifax, 155
  Equity, 35, 417–418
  Equity theory A theory stating that
  people assess how fairly they have been
  treated according to two key factors:
  outcomes and inputs, 416–418
  ERF theory, Alderfer’s, 409
  ERISA. See Employee Retirement Income
  Security Act (ERISA)
  Ernst & Young. See EY (formerly Ernst &
  Young)
  ESPN, 131
  Esprit de corps, 35
  Esteem or ego needs, 409–410
  Ethical climate In an organization,
  the processes by which decisions are
  evaluated and made on the basis of right
  and wrong, 146
  Ethical issue Situation, problem, or
  opportunity in which an individual must
  choose among several actions that must be
  evaluated as morally right or wrong, 142
  Ethical leader One who is both a moral
  person and a moral manager influencing
  others to behave ethically, 147
  Ethical responsibilities Meeting other
  social expectations, not written as law, 153
  Ethics The system of rules that governs
  the ordering of values, 1, 140
  astroturfing, 142
  business, 144–145
  codes, 147–148
  corporate standards, 147Glossary / Subjects 593
  costs and, 150
  courage, 150–151
  cross-selling, 140
  danger signs of unethical behavior, 146
  in decision making, 149–150
  economic responsibilities, 153
  egoism, 143
  ethical responsibilities, 153
  fictional blogs, 142
  issues in international management, 190–191
  issues of, in business, 145
  legal responsibilities, 153
  lying/truth-telling, 141
  programs, 148
  relativism, 143–144, 149
  scandals, 140
  systems, 142–144
  triple bottom line, 153
  universalism, 142–143, 149
  utilitarianism, 143
  virtue, 143–144
  Ethics codes, 147–148
  Ethics of Management, The (Hosmer), 150
  Ethics Resource Center, 148
  Ethnic diversity, 48
  Ethnic News Watch, 233
  Ethnocentrism The tendency to judge
  others by the standards of one’s own group
  or culture, which are seen as superior,
  187, 348
  Etsy, 299, 349
  Euro, 173–174
  Euromonitor, 233
  European Union (EU)
  and Brexit, 79
  and international management, 173–174
  and ISO 9001, 282
  pressures for local responsiveness, 178–179
  uncertainty and risk, 70
  Eurozone, 38
  EU. See European Union (EU)
  Evaluating, and human resources,
  299–302, 323
  Evernote, 53
  Everyone-else-does-it self-defense, 147
  Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, 233
  Executive, international, 186
  Executive champion An executive who
  supports a new technology and protects
  the product champion, 543
  Executive Orders 11246 and 11375 (1965), 308
  Executive pay, 317
  Existence needs, 410
  Expatriates Parent-company nationals
  who are sent to work at a foreign
  subsidiary, 185, 186
  Expectancy Employees’ perception of
  the likelihood that their efforts will enable
  them to attain their performance goals,
  406–407
  Expectancy theory A theory proposing
  that people will behave based on their
  perceived likelihood that their effort will
  lead to a certain outcome and on how
  highly they value that outcome, 406–407
  Experimenting, and innovation, 544
  Expert power, 372–373
  Explicit and implicit coercion, for managing
  resistance to change, 564
  Exploitation, 270, 544
  Exploration, 270, 544
  Explore learning cycle, 574
  Exporting, 182–183
  Express Scripts Holding Co., 59
  Extended enterprise, 54
  External audit An evaluation conducted
  by one organization, such as a CPA firm, on
  another, 502
  External environment All relevant
  forces outside a firm’s boundaries, such as
  competitors, customers, the government,
  and the economy, 1, 38, 44, 68
  acquisition, 59
  actively managing, 58–62
  adapting to, 61–62
  changing, 58–59
  changing organization, 61–62
  choosing approach, 62
  cooperative action, 60–61
  diversification, 59
  domain selection, 58–59
  influencing, 59–60
  merger, 59
  strategic maneuvering, 58
  External locus of control, 381
  External opportunities and threats, in
  management process, 118–121
  External recruiting, 303
  External technological trends, 534–535
  Extinction Withdrawing or failing to
  provide a reinforcing consequence, 404
  Extrinsic reward Reward given to a
  person by the boss, the company, or some
  other person, 411
  ExxonMobil, 171, 305, 555, 566
  EY (formerly Ernst & Young), 233, 301, 336,
  340, 352, 561
  F
  Facebook, 3–4, 6, 10, 15, 97, 142, 242, 303,
  305, 337, 341, 465, 533, 541, 570–571
  Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data breach, 140
  Face-to-face communication, 468
  Facilitation and support, for managing
  resistance to change, 564–565
  FacioMetrics, 541
  Factiva, 233
  Fail-safing, 287
  Failure, of entrepreneur, 212–213
  Failure rate The number of expatriate
  managers of an overseas operation who
  come home early, 186
  Fair Labor Standards Act (1938), 308, 318
  Fairness, 190
  assessing equity, 417–418
  equity theory, 416–418
  procedural justice, 418–419
  restoring equity, 418
  Family, accommodating work needs and, 350
  Family and Medical Leave Act (1991), 308
  Family-friendly benefit, 337
  Farming innovations, 538
  Fast Company, 233
  Fast-food companies, 239
  FCA. See Fiat-Chrysler Automobiles (FCA)
  FDA. See Food & Drug Administration (FDA)
  FDI. See Foreign direct investment (FDI)
  Federal Express Corporation, 444
  Federal Interagency Reentry Council, 350
  Federal Reserve, 45
  Federal Reserve Board, 146
  Federal Reserve Bulletin, 233
  FedEx, 54, 340
  Feedback, 415
  providing, 405–406
  and younger employees, 273
  Feedback control Control that focuses
  on the use of information about previous
  results to correct deviations from the
  acceptable standard, 499, 500
  Feedforward control The control
  process used before operations begin,
  including policies, procedures, and rules
  designed to ensure that planned activities
  are carried out properly, 499, 500
  Femininity. See Masculinity/femininity
  Fiat-Chrysler Automobiles (FCA), 8
  Fictional blog, 142
  Fidelity Investments, 337
  Fiedler’s contingency’s model of
  leadership effectiveness A situational
  approach to leadership postulating that
  effectiveness depends on the personal
  style of the leader and the degree to
  which the situation gives the leader power,
  control, and influence over the situation,
  379–380
  Fifth Amendment, 147
  Figurehead, 17
  Filtering The process of withholding,
  ignoring, or distorting information, 463
  Final consumer A customer who
  purchases products in their finished form, 54
  Financial analysis, 122
  Financial control
  balance sheet, 505–506
  financial ratios, 507–508
  profit and loss statement, 507
  Financial goal, 117
  First Data Corp., 366
  FirstSearch, 233
  Fitbit, 212
  500 Startups, 211
  Flexible benefit programs Benefit
  programs in which employees are given594 Glossary / Subjects
  credits to spend on benefits that fit their
  unique needs, 318
  Flexible factory Manufacturing plant
  that has short production runs, is organized
  around products, and uses decentralized
  scheduling, 62, 284
  Flexible manufacturing, 283–285
  Flexible processes Methods for
  adapting the technical core to changes in
  the environment, 62
  Flexible work arrangement, 273
  Flipkart, 206, 274
  Followership, 371, 533–534
  Food & Drug Administration (FDA), 52, 498
  Food poisoning, 116
  Food safety violations, 116
  Foolproofing, 287
  Footprint, 157
  Force-field analysis An approach
  to implementing the unfreezing/moving/
  refreezing model by identifying the forces
  that prevent people from changing and those
  that will drive people toward change, 563
  Ford Motor Company, 18, 72, 113, 184, 313,
  386–387, 489, 546
  Forecast (or forecasting) Method for
  predicting how variables will change the
  future, 58
  Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 146
  Foreign direct investment (FDI), 170
  Forever 21, 339
  Formalization The presence of rules
  and regulations governing how people in
  the organization interact, 256
  Formal position authority, 240
  Formal structure, of organization, 270–271
  Formulation, in management process, 118–119,
  124–129
  401(k) plan, 318
  40K Plus Education, 208
  Foxconn, 232
  Fox studio, 131
  Framing effect A decision bias
  influenced by the way in which a problem
  or decision alternative is phrased or
  presented, 87
  Franchise, 204–205
  Franchise Chat, 205
  Franchising An entrepreneurial alliance
  between a franchisor (an innovator who has
  created at least one successful store and
  wants to grow) and a franchisee (a partner
  who manages a new store of the same type
  in a new location), 182–183, 204
  Freenome, 204
  Friendster, 533
  Frontline manager Lower-level manager
  who supervises the operational activities of
  the organization, 16–17, 114, 116
  Functional manager, 253
  Functional organization 
  Departmentalization around specialized
  activities such as production,
  marketing, and human resources,
  247, 248–249
  Functional strategy Strategy
  implemented by each functional area of the
  organization to support the organization’s
  business strategy, 129
  Functions of the Executives, The (Barnard), 35
  Fundamental budgetary considerations,
  503–504
  FundersClub, 215
  Fundly, 212
  G
  GAAP. See Generally accepted accounting
  principles (GAAP)
  Gale Group, 233
  Gallup, 20
  Gambling, 86
  Gap Inc., 49, 169, 302, 310, 463, 497
  Garbage can model Model of
  organizational decision making depicting
  a chaotic process and seemingly random
  decisions, 96
  Gatekeeper A team member who
  keeps abreast of current developments
  and provides the team with relevant
  information, 447
  Gatorade GX, 9
  GDP. See Gross domestic product (GDP)
  GE Capital, 128
  Geert Hofstede, 188–189
  GE Global Research, 536
  Gender diversity, 48, 335–339. See also
  Diversity
  General Dynamics, 337
  General Electric Corporation, 127–128,
  156–157, 275–276, 281, 349–350, 480,
  497, 556–557
  Generalist, 19
  Generality, 154
  Generally accepted accounting principles
  (GAAP), 504
  General Mills, 49, 338
  General model for managing resistance,
  562–563
  General Motors (GM), 59, 110–111, 113, 124,
  150, 175, 237–238, 246, 250–251,
  260, 275–276, 283, 337, 384, 489,
  504, 545
  Generation X (Gen X), 7
  Generation Z (Gen Z), 7, 570
  Generic drug maker, 533
  Generic value chain, 279
  genius of the and Ability to achieve
  multiple objectives simultaneously, 558
  Geographic division, 250
  Ghana, 80, 206
  Glass ceiling An invisible barrier that
  makes it difficult for women and minorities
  to move beyond a certain hierarchical
  level, 337
  Glassdoor.com, 316
  GlaxoSmithKline, 241
  Global business. See Business, geography of
  Global Business Institute (Indiana
  University), 5
  Global economy. See Economy
  Global Environment Fund, 159
  Global expansion, 182
  Global Fund, 59
  Global Insight (formerly DRI-WEFA), 233
  Global integration, 177–178
  Globalization
  and competitive landscape, 4–5, 8
  ethical issues in business, 145, 558
  ethnocentrism and, 187, 189, 191
  inclusiveness, 352
  international management, 174
  Global model An organizational model
  consisting of a company’s overseas
  subsidiaries and characterized by
  centralized decision making and tight
  control by the parent company over most
  aspects of worldwide operations; typically
  adopted by organizations that base
  their global competitive strategy on cost
  considerations, 178, 180
  Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), 157
  Global strategy
  choosing, 179–182
  and global integration, 177–178
  global model, 180
  international model, 179
  and local responsiveness, 178–179
  multinational model, 179–180
  transnational model, 180–182
  Global virtual teamwork, 440
  GM, 184
  GMail, 220, 468
  Goal A target or end that management
  desires to reach, 111–112
  Goal displacement A decision-making
  group loses sight of its original goal and a
  new, less important goal emerges, 90–91
  Goal setting
  limitations of, 402–403
  setting own, 403
  stretch goals, 402
  Goal-setting theory A motivation
  theory stating that people have conscious
  goals that energize them and direct their
  thoughts and behaviors toward a particular
  end, 401
  GoFundMe, 212
  Goldman Sachs, 147
  Good to Great (Collins), 574–575
  Goodwill, 408
  Google, 8, 531, 87, 217, 220, 274, 297, 310, 322,
  337, 468, 528, 544, 549
  Google Docs, 440Glossary / Subjects 595
  Google+ Hangouts, 467
  Google Ventures, 205
  GoPayment, 545
  GoPro, 79, 248
  Gore & Associates, 106
  Government, alliances with, 277
  Governmental agency, 47. See also entries for
  specific governmental agencies
  Government initiatives and rule changes, 204
  Graft, 146
  Grameen Bank, 496
  Grameen Foundation, 206
  Grapevine Informal communication
  network, 479
  Grass roots social entrepreneurship, 156
  Great Clips, 204
  Green bandwagon, 158
  Green Gas, 202
  GRI. See Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
  Grizzly Bear Lodge, 520
  Gross domestic product (GDP), 174
  Group Danone, 158
  Group maintenance
  behaviors Actions taken to ensure
  the satisfaction of group members,
  develop and maintain harmonious work
  relationships, and preserve the social
  stability of the group, 375–376
  Group performance, 445–446
  Group processes, 438–441
  Groupthink A phenomenon that occurs
  in decision making when group members
  avoid disagreement as they strive for
  consensus, 90–91, 445
  Growth needs, 410–411
  Growth need strength The degree
  to which individuals want personal and
  psychological development, 415
  Guatemala, 176
  Guide to Special Issues and Indexes to
  Periodicals, 233
  H
  Habitat for Humanity, 119
  Hacker, 97
  Hackman and Oldham model, 413–415
  Harassment, 338
  Harley-Davidson, 170, 489, 535
  Harver, 351, 360
  Hawthorne Effect People’s reactions
  to being observed or studied resulting in
  superficial rather than meaningful changes
  in behavior, 35, 39
  Health and safety, 318–319
  Health care, 145, 204–205, 534
  cost control, 493
  as ethical issue in business
  Health Effects Institute (HEI), 157
  Health insurance plan, 317–318
  Heineken, 180
  Herceptin, 532
  Hersey and Blanchard’s situational
  theory A life-cycle theory of leadership
  postulating that a manager should consider
  an employee’s psychological and job
  maturity before deciding whether task
  performance or maintenance behaviors are
  more important, 380
  Hershey Company, The, 148
  Hertz, 500
  Hewlett-Packard (HP), 54, 203, 232, 305–306,
  338, 349, 401, 466
  Hierarchical leader, 386
  Hierarchical structure, 242, 255
  Hierarchy The authority levels of the
  organizational pyramid, 242
  High-growth, strong-competitive-position
  business, 127–128
  High-growth, weak-competitive-position
  business, 127–128
  High information processing demands, 258
  High-involvement organization A
  type of organization in which top
  management ensures that there is
  consensus about the direction in which the
  business is heading, 275
  High-performance norm, 446
  Hilton International, 183, 338
  Hilton Worldwide, 179
  Hipchat, 64
  Hispanic Americans, 335, 339–340. See also
  Diversity
  Hispanic Forum, 349
  Hitachi, 168
  Hitachi Solutions Europe, 465
  H&M, 248
  Hobby Lobby, 401
  Holacracy, 106
  Holland America Line, 339
  Home Depot, The, 339
  Homogeneity, 347
  Honda, 171, 179, 313, 535
  Honduras, 176
  Honest Tea, 401
  Honesty, 190
  Honeywell, 352
  Hon Hai (Foxconn), 175
  Hoovers.com, 233
  Horizontal communication 
  Information shared among people on the
  same hierarchical level, 478–479
  Horizontal structure
  departmentalization, 246–247
  divisional organization, 249–251
  functional organization, 247–249
  line departments, 246
  line managers, 246
  matrix organization, 251–254
  network organization, 254–255
  staff departments, 246
  Hospitality Management Corp., 305
  Host-country national Native of the
  country where an overseas subsidiary is
  located, 185
  Hostile environment, 338
  HP. See Hewlett-Packard (HP)
  H&R Block, 183
  HRM. See Human resources management
  (HRM)
  HubSpot, 206
  Hughes Aircraft, 251
  Hult Prize Foundation, 177
  Hulu, 52, 131
  Human capital The knowledge, skills,
  and abilities of employees that have
  economic value, 299
  Human dignity, 143
  Human process intervention, 559
  Human relations A classical
  management approach that attempted
  to understand and explain how human
  psychological and social processes
  interact with the formal aspects of the work
  situation to influence performance, 32,
  35–36, 39
  reward system design, 315–319
  staffing, 302–309
  strategic impact criteria for, 298–299
  supply and demand, 301–302
  training and development, 309–311
  Human resources management (HRM) 
  Formal systems for the management of
  people within an organization, 1, 298
  analysis, 121
  assessment, 122
  demand forecasts, 300–301
  evaluating, 299–302, 323
  intervention, 559
  labor relations, 319–322
  labor supply forecasts, 300–301
  performance appraisal, 311–315
  planning process, 299–302, 323
  programming activities, 300, 323
  Humanyze, 509
  Huntsman Corporation, 401
  Hyatt Hotels, 57, 179
  Hydrogen-powered fuel cell technology, 536
  Hygiene factors Characteristics of
  the workplace, such as company policies,
  working conditions, pay, and supervision,
  that can make people dissatisfied, 413
  Hyperloop, 525
  Hyundai, 187
  I
  Iberdrola, 187
  IBM, 5, 57, 123, 139–140, 151, 159, 168–169,
  176, 179, 203, 275, 296, 298, 337, 384,
  493, 544, 570
  Icon Meals, 9
  Ideation, 545
  IDEO, 63, 82, 94, 545
  iGen, 570
  IHOP, 309
  IKEA, 53, 152
  Illiteracy, 474596 Glossary / Subjects
  Illusion of control People’s belief that
  they can influence events even when they
  have no control over what will happen, 86
  Immersive technology, 535
  Immigrants and immigration, 339–340
  effect on U.S. population and labor force, 48
  and managing diversity, 334
  See also Diversity
  Impact Value Chain (IVC), 496
  Implementation, 545
  barriers to, 130
  in management process, 118–119, 129–130
  of plan, 112–113
  of planning strategy, 129–130
  strategic, 118–119
  See also Development project
  Implicit coercion, for managing resistance to
  change, 564–565
  Impossible Foods, 531
  Inbound logistics, 279
  Inc., 233
  Incentive systems, 316–317
  Inclusion Offering to a diverse
  workforce a fair opportunity to participate
  and contribute fully, support to be
  authentically themselves, and reasonable
  access to decision-making processes,
  334, 343
  at Accenture North America, 333
  advantage through, 343
  affirmative action, 342
  age discrimination, 342
  alternative work arrangements, 350
  attracting employees, 349–350
  cohesiveness, 345
  communication problems, 345
  as company top priority, 347
  cultivating, 348–353
  diversity and, 342–347
  leadership and commitment, 348–349
  leveraging employee differences, 346
  managing diversity and, 343–347
  mistrust and tension, 345
  organizational assessment, 349
  retaining employees, 351–352
  social entrepreneurship, 344
  stereotyping, 345–346
  training employees, 350–351
  unexamined assumptions, 345
  Inclusiveness Works boxes
  age discrimination, 342
  bridging cultural divides, 188
  changing for religious inclusion, 560
  changing workforce, 7
  communication in storytelling, 463
  D&I initiatives, 501
  D&I initiatives with intrinsic motivation, 416
  diverse teams, 92
  empathy in teams, 436
  employee feedback strategy, 310
  hierarchical structure, 255
  LGBTQ community, 367
  making diversity and inclusion the brand,
  126
  pay without discrimination, 152
  start-ups and diversity, 217
  unconscious biases with tech, 528
  women in leadership, 48
  See also Diversity
  Incogneato, 465
  Incremental model Model of
  organizational decision making in which
  major solutions arise through a series of
  smaller decisions, 96
  Independent action, 221
  Independent strategies Strategies
  that an organization acting on its own
  uses to change some aspect of its current
  environment, 59, 60–61
  India
  AppIt Ventures in, 171
  Barefoot College in, 156, 175, 185
  charismatic leadership in, 383
  Flipkart online retailer in, 274
  IBM employees in, 5
  international management, 174–175
  lack of local, qualified management talent, 185
  offshoring and jobs, 172
  Quadera Drilling System in, 455
  Indiana University Health Center, 493
  Indiegogo, 212, 215
  inDinero, 202
  Individualism/collectivism, 188
  Individual pay decisions, 315–316
  Individual performance goal, 402–403
  Individual retirement account, 318
  Industrial-age system, 155
  Industrial pollution, 157
  Industry analysis, 121
  Inequity, 417
  Inertia, and resistance to, 560
  Inflation rate, 45
  Informal authority, 240
  Informal communication, 479
  Informal structure, of organization, 270–271
  Information processing, 258–259
  Information technology, 258
  See also Technology
  Information technology (IT) group, 542
  Informing A team strategy that entails
  making decisions with the team and then
  informing outsiders of its intentions, 447
  InfoTech Trends, 233
  InfoTrac, from Gale Group, 233
  Initial public offering (IPO) Sale to
  the public, for the first time, of federally
  registered and underwritten shares of
  stock in the company, 3–4, 211, 214–215
  Initiating structure, 375–376
  Initiative, 35
  Innovation The introduction of new
  goods and services; a change in method
  or technology; a positive, useful departure
  from previous ways of doing things, 1,
  8–10, 12, 117, 156, 221, 526
  and bureaucracy, 544–545
  design thinking and, 545–546
  disruptive, 531
  elements essential to, 544–545
  organizing for, 543–546
  requirements for, 543
  technology, job design, and human
  resources, 546
  types of, 526–527
  Innovation Lab, 545
  InnovationXchange Lab, 545
  Innovator, 529
  Inpatriate A foreign national brought in
  to work at the parent company, 189
  Inputs Goods and services organizations
  take in and use to create products or
  services, 44
  Inshoring Moving work from other
  countries back to the headquarters country.
  Work may be done by a domestic provider
  or in-house, 172
  Inside director, 240–241
  Insider trading, 144
  Insourcing Producing in-house one
  or more of an organization’s goods or
  services, 173
  Inspiration, 545
  Instagram, 15, 202, 341, 533, 570
  “In-store” technology, 536
  Instrumentality The perceived
  likelihood that performance will be
  followed by a particular outcome, 407
  Integrated Project Management Company Inc.,
  281, 477
  Integration The degree to which
  differentiated work units work together and
  coordinate their efforts, 238–240
  coordination and communication, 258–259
  coordination by mutual adjustment, 257–258
  coordination by plan, 256
  coordination by standardization, 256
  Integrity, leader, 373–374
  Integrity-based ethics programs 
  Company mechanisms designed to instill in
  people a personal responsibility for ethical
  behavior, 149
  Integrity test, 305–306
  Intel, 49, 152, 206, 217, 338, 534, 537, 540
  Intellectual property protection report, 191
  Interest, 45
  Intergroup leader A leader who leads
  collaborative performance between groups
  or organizations, 385
  Intermediate consumer A customer
  who purchases raw materials or wholesale
  products before selling them to final
  customers, 54
  Internal audit A periodic assessment
  of a company’s own planning, organizing,
  leading, and controlling processes, 502Glossary / Subjects 597
  Internal development, of technology,
  539, 542
  Internal environment, 1, 44
  at Amazon, 66
  organization climate, 65–66, 68
  organization culture, 63–65, 68
  values, 44, 68
  Internal knowledge, 543
  Internal locus of control, 381
  Internal processes, 543
  Internal recruiting, 302–303
  Internal resistance, 543
  Internal resource analysis, 122–123
  Internal Revenue Service, 250
  Internal strengths and weaknesses, in
  management process, 118–119, 122–124
  International executives. See International
  management
  International Financial Statistics—International
  Monetary Fund, 233
  International Franchise Association, 205
  International Harvester, 376
  International Hotel Group, 152
  International licensing, 183
  International management, 1
  entry mode, 82–84
  ethical issues in, 190–191
  geography of business, 173–177
  global environment, 173–177
  global strategy, 177–182
  managing in global economy, 170–173
  skills of global manager, 186
  working overseas, 185–191
  International model An organizational
  model that is composed of a company’s
  overseas subsidiaries and characterized
  by greater control by the parent company
  over local product and marketing strategies
  than is the case in the multinational model,
  178–179
  International Space Station, 205
  International Trademark Associates, 537
  Internet, 8, 55
  Internet of Things, 6, 570
  Internship, 202
  Interpersonal communication, 462–468
  digital communication, social media and,
  465–468
  media richness and, 468
  one-way vs. two-way, 462–463
  oral and written channels, 464
  pitfalls of, 463–464
  Interpersonal and communication
  skills People skills; the ability to lead,
  motivate, and communicate effectively with
  others, 18, 573
  Intervention. See Organizational development
  Interview, job, 303–304
  Intolerance of inhumanity, 154
  Intrapreneur New venture creator
  working inside a big company, 201, 219
  Intrapreneurship, 220
  Intrinsic reward New venture creators
  working inside big companies, 411
  Intuit, 545
  Inventor, 203, 224
  Invincibility Systems, 327–328
  IPO. See Initial public offering (IPO)
  ISO 9001 A series of quality standards
  developed by a committee working
  under the International Organization for
  Standardization to improve total quality in
  all businesses for the benefit of producers
  and consumers, 280, 282
  IT. See Information technology (IT) group
  IVC. See Impact Value Chain (IVC)
  iZettle, 174
  J
  Jack and Jake’s, 208
  Japan
  car manufacturing in, 280
  charismatic leaders, 383
  competitive environment in, 51
  and cross-cultural differences, 376
  ethical systems, 143
  and globalization, 4
  global model, 180
  international licensing, 183
  and kaizen, 279
  language variances by culture, 471
  management approaches, 411
  nonverbal communication skills, 472
  observing nonverbal skills, 475
  penetrating foreign markets, 178
  quality emphasis of car manufacturing
  in, 280
  strategic alliances, 274
  top global firms in, 171
  transnational model, 182
  understanding cultural issues, 188
  Jawbone, 212
  JCPenney, 208, 335
  JD.com, 274
  Jeep Cherokee, 171
  JetBlue Airlines, 11
  JIT. See Just-in-time (JIT) operations
  J. M. Huber Corporation, 499
  Job analysis A tool for determining
  what is done on a given job and what
  should be done on that job, 302
  Job description, 302
  Job enlargement Giving people
  additional tasks at the same time to
  alleviate boredom, 413
  Job enrichment Changing a task
  to make it inherently more rewarding,
  motivating, and satisfying, 413
  Job maturity The level of the
  employee’s skills and technical knowledge
  relative to the task being performed, 380
  Job rotation Changing from one task to
  another to alleviate boredom, 413
  Jobs, motivating, 411–416
  JOBS Act. See Jumpstart Our Business Startups
  Act (JOBS Act)
  Job shop, 282
  Johnson & Johnson, 52, 61, 186, 245, 250, 336
  Johnson & Johnson Ethicon, 511
  Johnsonville Sausage Company, 106
  Joint venture
  as entry mode, 182, 184
  for technology development, 540, 542
  JP Morgan, 305
  Judgment and decision making, 573
  Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (JOBS
  Act), 215
  Just-in-time (JIT) operations A
  system that calls for subassemblies and
  components to be manufactured in very
  small lots and delivered to the next stage
  of the production process just as they are
  needed, 286–287
  J. Walter Thompson, 408
  K
  Kaiser Permanente, 336, 338, 545–546
  Kaizen, 279, 532
  Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial
  Leadership, 233
  Kellogg Company, 49, 59
  Kenya, 80, 176, 206
  Kering, 11
  Keurig Green Mountain, 60, 63
  Key technologies, 534
  Keytruda, 365, 369
  KFC, 178, 498
  Kickback, 47, 144
  Kickstarter, 212, 215
  Kiplinger, 58
  Kitchens for Good, 202
  Kiva, 212, 247–248
  Knight Ridder, 233
  Knowledge, skills, abilities, and other
  characteristics (KSAOs), 302
  Knowledge management Practices
  aimed at discovering and harnessing an
  organization’s intellectual resources, 6–7
  Knowledge worker, 6–7
  Kobold Watch, 276
  Kodak, 558
  Kohlberg’s model of cognitive
  moral development Classification
  of people based on their level of moral
  judgment, 144
  Kollmorgen, 434
  Korea, 175
  KPMG, 443
  Kroger, 126
  KSAOs. See Knowledge, skills, abilities, and
  other characteristics (KSAOs)
  Kyosei, 143
  L
  Labor cost, 47
  Labor laws, 319–320598 Glossary / Subjects
  Labor-Management Relations Act, 319
  Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure
  Act, 320
  Labor market, 301
  Labor relations The system of relations
  between workers and management, 319
  collective bargaining, 320–321
  future of, 321–322
  laws, 319–320
  unionization, 320
  Labor supply forecast, 300–301
  Laggard, 529
  Laissez-faire A leadership philosophy
  characterized by an absence of managerial
  decision making, 376
  Landrum-Griffin Act (1959), 320
  Language, 471–472. See also Communication
  Large batch Technologies that produce
  goods and services in high volume, 283
  Large group interventions for total
  organization change Introducing and
  sustaining multiple policies, practices,
  and procedures across multiple units and
  levels, 566
  Late majority, 529
  Lateral leadership Style in which
  colleagues at the same hierarchical level
  are invited to collaborate and facilitate joint
  problem solving, 385
  Lateral relationships
  being mediator, 450–451
  conflict, 449–451
  lateral role relationships, 447–448
  managing, 447–451
  outward, 447
  virtual and e-conflict, 451
  Latina entrepreneur, 207
  Latin America
  empowering Latina entrepreneurs, 207
  ethical issues, 190
  international management, 185
  Latino immigrants, 319
  Latinos, 335. See also Diversity
  Law of effect A law formulated by
  Edward Thorndike in 1911 stating that
  behavior that is followed by positive
  consequences will likely be repeated, 403
  Laws and regulations, 44, 68. See also entries
  for specific laws
  Layoff, 306
  LCA. See Life-cycle analysis (LCA)
  Leader, 17
  Leader–member exchange (LMX)
  theory Highlights the importance of
  leader behaviors not just toward the group
  as a whole but toward individuals on a
  personal basis, 376
  Leadership, 1, 213
  and artificial intelligence, 388
  behavioral approach, 374–376
  behaviors of, 374–376
  business knowledge, 373–374
  contemporary perspectives on, 383–387
  and courage, 386–387
  defined, 366
  developing skills, 387–389
  drive, 373–374
  effectiveness of, 373–374
  effect of behaviors of, 376–378
  follower behaviors, 371
  at General Motors (GM), 237–238
  in group decision making, 92
  Hersey and Blanchard’s situational
  theory, 380
  integrity of, 373–374
  leader traits, 373–374
  leading and following, 370–371
  leading and managing, 370–371
  motivation of, 373–374
  opportunities, 385
  power and, 371–373
  self-confidence of, 373–374
  situational approaches to, 378–382
  technology, 530–534
  traditional approaches to understanding,
  373–382
  traits of, 373–382
  vision, 367–369
  Vroom model of, 378–379
  women in, 48
  See also Change and change management
  Leadership Grid (Blake/Mouton), 377
  Leadership skills, 573
  Leadership style, 91–93
  Leading The management function that
  involves the manager’s efforts to stimulate
  high performance by employees, 1, 12,
  14–15
  Leading Change (Kotter), 567–568
  Leaning into the Future (Binney/Collins), 574
  Lean manufacturing An operation
  that strives to achieve the highest possible
  productivity and total quality, costeffectively, by eliminating unnecessary
  steps in the production process and
  continually striving for improvement,
  281, 285
  Lean six sigma, 281
  Lean Startup, The, (Ries), 10
  Learning and growth goal, 117
  Learning cycles, 574–575
  Least-preferred co-worker (LPC), 380
  Legal action, 59–60
  Legal department, 249
  Legal issues, and equal employment
  opportunity, 308–309
  Legal/regulatory environment, 174
  Legal responsibilities To obey local,
  state, federal, and relevant international
  laws, 153
  Legendary Entertainment Group, 170
  Legg Mason, 47
  Legitimacy People’s judgment of a
  company’s acceptance, appropriateness,
  and desirability, generally stemming from
  company goals and methods that are
  consistent with societal values, 218–219
  Legitimate power, 371
  LEGO, 49, 54–55, 537
  Lenovo, 54
  Lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT),
  338–339, 367
  Level 5 leadership A combination of
  strong professional will (determination)
  and humility that builds enduring
  greatness, 384
  Leverage ratio, 508
  Levi Strauss & Co., 158
  LEXIS/NEXIS, 233
  LGBT. See Lesbian, gay, bisexual, or
  transgender (LGBT)
  LGBT employee, 336
  Liabilities The amounts a corporation
  owes to various creditors, 505
  Liaison, 17, 259
  Liaison relationships, 448
  Licensing, 182–183, 540, 542
  Life-cycle analysis (LCA) A process of
  analyzing all inputs and outputs, through
  the entire “cradle-to-grave” life of a
  product, to determine total environmental
  impact, 157
  Life-cycle theory of leadership, 380. See also
  Hersey and Blanchard’s situational theory
  Lifestyle and taste changes, 204
  LifeStyle Market Analyst, 233
  Line department Unit that deals
  directly with the organization’s primary
  goods and services, 246
  Line manager, 246
  LinkedIn, 21, 55, 303, 305, 341, 463, 465
  Liquidity ratio, 507
  Listening, 472–474
  Little Gym, The, 183
  Living Goods, 277
  Local responsiveness, 178–179
  Lockheed Martin, 337, 340, 438
  Locos of control, 381
  Logistics The movement of the right
  goods in the right amount to the right place
  at the right time, 286
  L’Oréal, 158
  Low-cost strategy A strategy an
  organization uses to build competitive
  advantage by being efficient and offering a
  standard no-frills project, 128
  Lower-level manager, 116
  Lowe’s, 339
  Low-growth, strong-competitive-position
  business, 127–128
  Low-growth, weak-competitive-position
  business, 127–128
  Loyalty program, 129
  LPC. See Least-preferred co-worker (LPC)Glossary / Subjects 599
  Lucasfilm, 114, 131
  Lyft, 77, 113
  Lying, 141. See also Ethics
  M
  Maastricht Treaty, 173
  Machiavellianism, 374
  Mack, 489
  Macroeconomic analysis, 1221
  Macroenvironment The general
  environment; includes governments,
  economic conditions, and other
  fundamental factors that generally affect all
  organizations, 45
  demographics, 47–48, 68
  economy, 45–46, 68
  laws and regulation, 47, 68
  natural environment, 44, 68
  opportunities and threats in, 124–125
  social issues, 49, 68
  sustainability and natural environment, 50
  technology, 46
  Macy’s, 169, 250, 286, 536
  Magic Bus, 177
  Magna Carta, 319
  Magna Exteriors and Interiors Corporation,
  489–490
  Maintenance behaviors, of leaders, 376–378
  Major League Baseball Hall of Fame, 21
  Make-or-buy decision The question
  an organization asks itself about whether
  to acquire new technology from an outside
  source or develop it itself, 538
  Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, 281
  Management The process of working
  with people and resources to accomplish
  organizational goals, 12
  for competitive advantage, 8–12
  in competitive world, 4–8
  entrepreneurial challenges to, 203, 211–214,
  220–221
  evolution of
  administrative management, 32, 35
  bureaucracy, 32, 36–37
  classical approaches, 32–33
  contemporary approaches, 32, 37
  contingency theory, 32, 37–38
  current events, 38
  early concepts and influences, 32
  economies of scale, 32
  external environment, 38
  human relations, 32, 35–36
  during Industrial Revolution, 32
  open-system perspective of organization, 38
  organizational behavior, 32, 37
  quantitative management, 32, 37
  revolutions, current and future, 32
  scientific management, 32–34
  systematic management, 32–34
  systems theory, 32, 37
  foundations of, 1
  functions of
  controlling, 12
  leading, 12, 14–15
  organizing, 12–14
  performing all, 12, 15
  planning, 12–13
  levels and skills
  frontline managers, 16–17
  middle-levels managers, 16
  must-have skills, 18
  roles of, 17
  top-level managers, 16
  working leaders with broad
  responsibilities, 17–18
  principles of, 35
  timeline, 32
  See also Change and change management
  Management audit An evaluation of
  the effectiveness and efficiency of various
  systems within an organization, 502
  Management by objectives (MBO) 
  A process in which objectives set by
  a subordinate and a supervisor must
  be reached within a given time period,
  312–314
  Management by wandering around
  (MBWA), 478
  Management in Action boxes, 437
  Accenture North America, 333, 347, 353
  Alibaba, 169, 181, 191
  Amazon, 43, 56, 66
  balancing energy needs, 566
  Disney Studios, 109
  employee monitoring, future trends in, 516
  employee tracking, balancing pros and cons
  of, 509
  ExxonMobil, 566
  Facebook, 3–4, 15, 22
  General Motors (GM), 237, 251, 260
  Google, 297, 311, 322
  IBM, 139, 151, 159
  Merck & Co., 365, 369, 389
  Musk, Elon, 525–526
  SAS, 399, 408, 421
  Shell Oil Company, 555
  SoundCloud, 461, 469, 480
  SpaceX, 547
  Starbucks, 199–200, 210, 222
  Tesla, 539
  tracking employees to control health care
  costs, 493
  Uber, 88, 98
  Uber Technologies, 77
  Walmart, 269, 274, 288
  Walt Disney Company, 131
  Walt Disney Studios, 114
  Whole Foods Market, 433, 452
  Management information systems, 122
  Management myopia Focusing
  on short-term earnings and profits at
  the expense of longer-term strategic
  requirements, 508
  Management process
  controlling, 1
  foundations of management, 1
  leading, 1
  organizing, 1
  planning, 1
  strategic, 118–129
  Management tactics, and resistance to change,
  560, 562
  Management teams Teams that
  coordinate and provide direction to the
  subunits under their jurisdiction and
  integrate work among subunits, 435
  Management techniques, 558–559
  Management training, 310
  Manager
  elimination of, 106–107
  entrepreneur as, 203
  Managerial control, 1
  bureaucratic control systems
  approaches to, 499–502
  budgetary controls, 503–505
  control cycle, 495–499
  designing effective control systems,
  510–513
  financial controls, 505–508
  management audits, 502–503
  problems with, 508–510
  resistance to control, 510
  rigid control, 508–509
  tactical behavior, 509–510
  clan control, 515
  market control, 513–515
  trends in employee monitoring, 516
  Managerial decision making, 1. See also
  Decision making
  Managerial responsibility, 154
  Managerial role, 17
  Managing, 1, 4–8
  Managing change. See Change and change
  management
  Managing diversity Managing a
  culturally diverse workforce by recognizing
  the characteristics common to specific
  groups of employees while dealing with
  employees as individuals and supporting,
  nurturing, and utilizing their differences to
  the organization’s advantage, 334. See
  also Diversity
  Manipulation and cooptation, for managing
  resistance to change, 564–565
  Manufacturing, 180, 183, 532
  collaboration in, 8
  computer-aided, 284
  conditions that support lean, 285
  flexible, 283–285
  and flexible processes, 62
  innovation in, 9
  lean, 285
  quality in, 9
  scientific management and, 33–34
  service in, 10
  systematic management and, 33
  and technological change, 5
  value-added, 287
  Manufacturing technology, 282
  Market analysis, 121
  Market control Control based on the
  use of pricing mechanisms and economic600 Glossary / Subjects
  information to regulate activities within
  organizations, 494–495
  at business unit level, 514
  at corporate level, 514
  examples of, 513
  at individual level, 514–515
  Marketing and sales, 279
  Marketing audit, 122
  Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning,
  Implementation and Control
  (Kotler), 55
  Market receptiveness, 535–536, 538
  MarketResearch.com, 233
  Market research firms, 234
  Marriott, 127, 158
  Marriott International, 179, 338, 387
  Marriott Starwood Hotels, 97
  Mars, 49
  Marvel Studios, 114
  Mary Kay Cosmetics, 411
  Masculinity/femininity, 188
  Maslow, Abraham, 36
  Maslow’s need hierarchy A
  conception of human needs organizing
  needs into a hierarchy of five major types,
  409–410
  Mass customization The production
  of varied, individually customized products
  at the low cost of standardized, massproduced products, 62, 283–284
  Massey Energy Company’s Upper Big Branch
  Mine, 319
  Master budget, 504
  Mastercard, 152, 339
  Matrix diamond, 253
  Matrix organization An organization
  composed of dual reporting relationships
  in which some employees report to
  two superiors—a functional manager
  and a divisional manager, 251, 259
  matrix form today, 253–254
  operating in, 251–252
  pros and cons of, 252–253
  survival skills, 253
  unity-of-command principle, 252–253
  Mattel, 187
  Maximizing A decision realizing the
  best possible outcome, 84, 86
  Maximum hour, 318
  Mazda, 489
  MBWA. See Management by wandering around
  (MBWA)
  McClelland’s needs, 411
  McCormick, 11
  McDonald’s, 153, 183, 306, 319
  McGraw-Hill Education, 549
  McKinsey, 8, 95
  McKinsey & Company, 48
  Mechanistic organization A form
  of organization that seeks to maximize
  internal efficiency, 270
  Media Networks, 114
  Media richness The degree to which
  a communication channel conveys
  information, 468
  Mediator A third party who intervenes
  to help others manage their conflict, 450
  Melting pot myth, 348
  Melwood, 350
  Member commitment, 441
  Member satisfaction, 441
  Memorial Hospital and Health Care
  Center, 281
  Memphis Meats, 531
  Men, and career–family balance, 338
  Menlo Innovations, 405
  Mental disability, 340–341
  Mentoring, 336, 352
  Mentors Higher-level managers who
  help ensure that high-potential people
  are introduced to top management and
  socialized into the norms and values of the
  organization, 352
  Mercedes-Benz, 1216
  Merck & Co., 339, 365, 369, 537
  Mercosur, 176
  Merger One or more companies
  combining with another, 59, 63–65, 128
  Mexico, 175–176
  Michael Kors, 537
  Microcomputer, 204
  Microsoft, 46, 49, 78, 129, 158, 169, 206, 222,
  232, 301, 339–340, 465, 533, 549, 570
  MidAmerican Energy Co., 158
  Middle East
  corporate social responsibility, 155
  globalization, 5
  IKEA’s “War Child” initiative, 152
  international management, 176, 190
  sale of motorcycles in, 170
  Middle-level managers Managers
  located in the middle layers of the
  organizational hierarchy, reporting to toplevel executives, 16
  and planning, 114
  Midvale Steel Company, 33–34
  Millennial generation, 7, 257, 541
  Mine Safety and Health Administration, 319
  Minimum wage, 318
  Ministry of Supply, 213
  Minority, 339–340
  Mission An organization’s basic purpose
  and scope of operations, 118, 119, 120
  Missionary entrepreneurial identity, 208
  Mission statement, corporate, 64
  Mistakes, managing, 405
  Misunderstanding, and resistance to change,
  560–561
  MIT Media Lab Research, 538
  Modern slavery, 144
  Modular (or virtual) corporation, 254
  Module, 283
  Mondelez International, 144
  Monitor, 17
  Monolithic organization An
  organization that has a low degree of
  structural integration—employing few
  women, minorities, or other groups that differ
  from the majority—and thus has a highly
  homogeneous employee population, 347
  Monsanto, 49, 186
  Monster, 303
  Moral awareness, 149
  Moral character, 149
  Moral judgment, 149
  Moral philosophy Principles, rules, and
  values people use in deciding what is right
  or wrong, 142
  Moringa School, 206
  Moscow State University, 184
  Motivating for change, 560–562
  Motivating jobs
  empowerment and employee engagement,
  415–416
  extrinsic reward, 411–413
  Hackman and Oldham model, 413–415
  Herzberg two-factor theory, 413
  intrinsic reward, 411–413
  Motivation Forces that energize, direct,
  and sustain a person’s efforts, 400
  impact on, 407
  of leadership, 373–374
  technology for, 420
  Motivators Factors that make a job
  more motivating, such as additional job
  responsibilities, opportunities for personal
  growth and recognition, and feelings of
  achievement, 413
  Motorola, 187, 281, 528
  Motorola Mobility, 170
  Moving Instituting the change, 562–563
  MP3, 531
  Multicultural organization An
  organization that values cultural diversity
  and seeks to utilize and encourage it,
  347, 348
  Multiexperience, 535
  Multinational model (multidomestic) 
  An organizational model that consists of
  the subsidiaries in each country in which
  a company does business, and provides a
  great deal of discretion to those subsidiaries
  to respond to local conditions, 179–180
  Multitasking, 404
  Must-have management skills, 18
  Mutuality, 154
  MyFitnessPal, 97
  MySpace, 533
  N
  NAACP. See National Association for the
  Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
  Nabisco, 143–144Glossary / Subjects 601
  NAFTA. See North American Free Trade
  Agreement (NAFTA)
  NanoHealth, 177
  Nanometer, 572
  Nanotechnology, 204, 572
  Narcissism, 374
  NASA. See National Aeronautics and Space
  Administration (NASA)
  NASDAQ Composite, 45
  National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  (NASA), 119, 205, 251, 547
  National Association for the Advancement of
  Colored People (NAACP), 335
  National Counterterrorism Center, 257
  National diversity, 446. See also Diversity
  National Industries for the Blind (NIB), 340
  Nationality, 335. See also Diversity
  National Labor Relations Act, 319
  National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), 47,
  319–320
  National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP),
  512–513
  National Restaurant Association, 338
  National Retail Federation, 338
  National Venture Capital Association, 214
  Natural disaster, 112, 204
  Natural environment, 44, 68, 174
  and sustainability, 155–159
  sustainability and, 50
  NBA, 131
  NBCUniversal, 128
  Needs assessment An analysis
  identifying the jobs, people, and
  departments for which training is
  necessary, 309
  Negative reinforcement Removing or
  withholding an undesirable consequence,
  403–404
  Negotiation and rewards, for managing
  resistance to change, 564–565
  Negotiator, 17
  Neiman Marcus, 536
  Nestlé, 4, 245, 434, 540
  Netflix, 8, 49, 52, 55, 89, 131, 170, 183, 242, 384
  Network for Good, 277
  Network organization A collection
  of independent, mostly single-function
  firms that collaborate on a good or service,
  254–255
  Networks, 21, 219
  New Belgium Brewing Company, 316, 401
  New entrants, 44, 50, 52, 68
  New Strategist Publications, 233
  New York Life, 338
  New York Times, The, 233
  Next Day Flyers, 125
  NFL, 131
  NHG. See Niche Hotel Group (NHG)
  NIB. See National Industries for the Blind
  (NIB)
  Nicaragua, 176
  Niche Hotel Group (NHG), 357–358
  “Nightmare Traits,” 374
  NIH. See Not Invented Here (NIH) syndrome
  Nike, 9, 49, 126, 179, 280, 537
  Nintendo, 232
  Nissan, 8, 539
  NLRB. See National Labor Relations Board
  (NLRB)
  NMPD. See National Marrow Donor Program
  (NMDP)
  Non-cohesiveness group, 445–446
  Nonmonetary rewards, 405
  Nonprogrammed decisions New,
  novel, complex decisions having no proven
  answers, 78
  Nonverbal skills, 472
  Nordstrom, 129
  Norms Shared beliefs about how people
  should think and behave, 144, 443,
  445-446
  North American Free Trade
  Agreement (NAFTA) An economic
  pact that combined the economies of the
  United States, Canada, and Mexico into
  one of the world’s largest trading blocs, 4,
  175–176
  Not Invented Here (NIH) syndrome 
  A negative attitude toward knowledge
  (ideas, technologies) derived from an
  external source, 124
  Not Mass Produced, 208
  Novo Nordisk, 113, 503
  Nuclear fusion, 525
  Nurturing role, 255
  Nutrition Science Partners, 540
  Nvidia, 146
  O
  Oberlo, 206
  Obesity, as ethical issue in business, 145
  Objectives-strategies-tactics (OST) system, 131
  OB mod. See Organizational behavior
  modification (OB mod)
  Observing, 474–475
  Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  (OSHA), 47, 318
  Oculus, 541
  OFCCP. See Office of Federal Contract
  Compliance Programs (OFCCP)
  Office of Federal Contract Compliance
  Programs (OFCCP), 47, 308
  Offshoring Moving work to other
  countries, 172
  Ohio State studies, 377
  Oil and Gas Climate Initiative, 555
  Oil industry, 536
  Omnica, 435
  ONA. See Organizational Network Analysis
  (ONA)
  One-best-way myth, 348
  One-way communication A process
  in which information flows in only one
  direction—from the sender to the receiver,
  with no feedback loop, 462–463
  Online network, 257
  Online privacy, as ethical issue in business, 145
  Only-one-way myth, 348
  Opel, 124
  Open-book management Practice of
  sharing with employees at all levels of the
  organization vital information previously
  meant for management’s eyes only, 477
  Open communication, 511. See also
  Communication
  Openness to outside knowledge, 543
  Open system An organization that
  isn’t affected by, and that affects, its
  environment, 44
  Open-system perspective, 37–38
  Operational excellence, 117
  Operational improvements, 117
  Operational planning The process
  of identifying the specific procedures and
  processes required at lower levels of the
  organization, 115, 116, 117–118
  Operations, 279
  Operations analysis, 122
  Operations and processes, 284
  OppenheimerFunds, 463
  Opportunity, 217
  Opportunity analysis A description
  of the good or service, an assessment
  of the opportunity, an assessment of the
  entrepreneur, specification of activities and
  resources needed to translate your idea
  into a viable business, and your source(s)
  of capital, 214–215
  Optimizing Achieving the best possible
  balance among several goals, 84
  Oracle, 337, 563
  Order, 35
  Ordinary capabilities Capabilities
  pertaining to basic administrative and
  operational functions, 272
  Oré Earth Skin Care, 163–164
  Organic structure An organizational
  form that emphasizes flexibility, 61, 270
  Organizational agility, 1
  concurrent engineering, 287
  core capabilities, 272
  customer relationship management (CRM),
  278–280
  customers and responsive organization,
  278–282
  flexible manufacturing, 283–285
  high-involvement organization, 285
  quality initiatives, 280–282
  responsive organization, 270–271
  size and, 275–278
  strategic alliances, 272–275
  strategy and, 271–275
  technology and, 282–287
  technology configurations, 282–283
  time-based competition, 286–287602 Glossary / Subjects
  Organizational ambidexterity Ability
  to achieve multiple objectives
  simultaneously, 558
  Organizational assessment, 349
  Organizational behavior A
  contemporary management approach
  that studies and identifies management
  activities that promote employee
  effectiveness by examining the complex
  and dynamic nature of individual, group,
  and organizational processes, 32, 37, 39
  Organizational Behavior (Krietner/Kinicki), 39
  Organizational Behavior (McShane/Von
  Gilnow), 70
  Organizational Behavior, Structure, Processes
  (Gibson/Ivancevich/Donnelly/
  Konopaske), 79
  Organizational behavior modification
  (OB mod) The application of
  reinforcement theory in organizational
  settings, 403
  Organizational climate The patterns
  of attitudes and behavior that shape
  people’s experience of an organization,
  65–66
  Organizational communication
  downward communication, 475–477
  horizontal communication, 478–479
  informal communication, 479
  transparency, 479–480
  upward communication, 477–478
  Organizational decision making. See Decision
  making
  Organizational Network Analysis
  (ONA), 528
  Organizational politics, 96
  Organizational suitability, 537–538
  and technology, 537–538
  Organization chart The reporting
  structure and division of labor in an
  organization, 238–239
  Organization culture The set
  of important assumptions about the
  organization and its goals and practices
  that members of the company share, 63
  Organization development (OD) The
  systemwide application of behavioral
  science knowledge to develop, improve,
  and reinforce the strategies, structures,
  and processes that lead to organizational
  effectiveness, 559
  Organization Development and Change
  (Cummings/Worley), 559
  Organization structure, 1, 284
  at General Motors (GM), 237–238, 260
  horizontal
  departmentalization, 246–247
  divisional organization, 249–251
  functional organization, 247–249
  line departments, 246
  line managers, 246
  matrix organization, 251–254
  network organization, 254–255
  staff departments, 246
  integration
  coordination and communication, 258–259
  coordination by mutual adjustment,
  257–258
  coordination by plan, 256
  coordination by standardization, 256
  defined, 238
  looking ahead, 259–260
  organizing fundamentals
  differentiation, 238–239
  integration, 239–240
  vertical
  authority in organizations, 240–242
  decentralization, 245–246
  delegation, 242–245
  hierarchical levels, 242
  span of control, 242–243
  Organizing The management function
  of assembling and coordinating human,
  financial, physical, informational, and other
  resources needed to achieve goals, 1,
  12–14, 13
  Orientation training Training designed
  to introduce new employees to the
  company and familiarize them with policies,
  procedures, culture, and the like, 310
  OSHA. See Occupational Safety and Health
  Administration (OSHA)
  OshKosh, 147
  OST. See Objectives-strategies-tactics (OST)
  system
  Otto, 206
  Outbound logistics, 279
  Outcome A consequence a person
  receives for his or her performance, 407
  Outplacement The process of
  helping people who have been dismissed
  from the company regain employment
  elsewhere, 306
  Outputs The products and services
  organizations create, 44
  Outsourcing Contracting with an
  outside provider to produce one or more of
  an organization’s goods or services, 172
  OWN, 384
  P
  P2P Credit, 215
  Pacing technologies, 534
  Packaging, 158
  Pakistan, 189, 206
  Palo Alto Networks, 302
  Panama, 176
  Panasonic, 181–182
  Panera Bread, 54, 112, 204–205, 283
  Papa & Barkley, 434
  Paper and Occidental Chemicals, 283
  Parading A team strategy that entails
  simultaneously emphasizing internal team
  building and achieving external visibility,
  447
  Paralee Boyd, 285
  Parallel teams Teams that operate
  separately from the regular work structure
  and are temporary, 435
  Paris Agreement, 49
  Parochialism, 348
  Participation and involvement, for managing
  resistance to change, 564
  Participation in decision
  making Leader behaviors that managers
  perform in involving their employees in
  making decisions, 376
  Participation leader, 446
  Participation rate, 45
  Participative leadership, 381
  Partner, and entrepreneurship, 219
  PartPic, 202
  PA. See Performance appraisal (PA)
  Patagonia, 11, 49, 157
  Patent and Trademark Office, 234
  Path–goal theory A theory that
  concerns how leaders influence
  subordinates’ perceptions of their work
  goals and the paths they follow toward
  attainment of those goals, 380–382
  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, 318
  Paychex, 387
  Pay decisions, 315–316
  Pay level, 315
  PayPal, 174, 525
  Pay structure, 315–316
  Peer pressure, and resistance to change,
  560–561
  Peer-to-peer loan, 215
  Penguin Random House, 313
  Pension plan, 317–318
  People analytics, 509
  People skills, 18
  PepsiCo, 5, 49, 51–54, 59, 62, 210, 273, 352, 384
  Perception The process of receiving
  and interpreting information, 463
  Performance
  delivering all types of, 11–12
  employee satisfaction and well-being, 419
  fairness, 416–419
  leader behavior, 376–378
  Maslow’s needs, 409–411
  motivating for, 1, 400–401
  past, current, and future, 81
  reinforcing, 403–406
  Performance appraisal (PA) 
  Assessment of an employee’s job
  performance, 311
  categories of, 312
  employee feedback, 314–315
  interview format for underperforming
  employees, 314–315
  reasons for, 312–313Glossary / Subjects 603
  who conducts, 313–314
  Performance culture, 71
  Performance gap The difference
  between actual performance and desired
  performance, 562
  Performance management (PM), 314
  Performance norm, 445–446
  Performance-related belief, 406–408
  Performance review, 497
  Performance test, 305
  Performance-to-outcome link, 407
  Performing, 1
  Permanent interdepartmental decision-making
  group, 259
  Personality, entrepreneurial, 208–210
  Personality test, 305
  Personalized power, 411
  Personnel, stability and tenure of, 35
  Persuading, 444
  Persuasion skills, 469–471
  Peru, 176
  Peterson Institute for International
  Economics, 48
  Pfizer, 498
  P&G. See Procter & Gamble (P&G)
  Pharmaceutical company, 532
  Philanthropic responsibilities 
  Additional behaviors and activities that
  society finds desirable and that the values
  of the business support, 153–154
  Philippines, 172, 175, 181, 386
  Philips, 180, 313
  Phone app, 533
  Phone conversation, 468
  Physical disability, 340–341
  Physiological needs, 409
  PillPack, 82
  Piramal Sarvajal, 530
  Pixar, 114
  Planning The management function
  of systematically making decisions about
  the goals and activities that an individual,
  a group, a work unit, or the overall
  organization will pursue, 1, 12–13
  business plan, 214–215
  business plan outline, 216
  key planning elements, 215
  levels of
  hierarchy of goals and plans, 115
  operational, 116–118
  strategic, 114–118
  tactical and operational, 115–118
  process
  alternative goals and plans, 111–112
  goal and plan evaluation, 112
  goal and plan selection, 112
  human resources, 299–302, 323
  implementation, 112–113
  monitor and control, 113
  situational analysis, 110
  strategic
  external opportunities and threats,
  120–121
  formulation, 124–129
  implementation, 129–130
  internal strengths and weaknesses,
  122–124
  management process, 118–119
  mission, vision, goals, 119–120
  strategic control, 130–131
  SWOT analysis, 124–125
  Plans The actions or means managers
  intend to use to achieve organizational
  goals, 111
  PlumSlice Labs, 241
  Pluralistic organization An
  organization that has a relatively diverse
  employee population and makes an
  effort to involve employees from different
  gender, racial, or cultural
  backgrounds, 347
  PM. See Performance management (PM)
  PNC Financial, 340
  Poisoning, food, 116
  Political action, 59–60, 62
  Political and regulatory analysis, 121
  Politics, organizational, 96
  Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen, 385
  Population explosion, 157
  Portfolio, 127
  Positive reinforcement Applying
  consequences that increase the likelihood
  that a person will repeat the behavior that
  led to it, 403–404
  Positive risk, 543
  Power The ability to influence
  others, 371
  leadership and, 371–373
  need for, 411
  personalized, 411
  socialized, 411
  sources of, 371–373
  Power distance, 188
  PPI. See Progress Out of Poverty Index (PPI)
  Preconventional stage, 144
  Predictive analytics, 89
  Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, 318
  Preliminary control, 499. See also Feedforward
  control
  Presentation skills, 469–470
  PRGA Motors, 71–72
  PricewaterhouseCooper, 58
  Principle of exception A managerial
  principle stating that control is enhanced
  by concentrating on the exceptions to or
  significant deviations from the expected
  result or standard, 498
  Principles of Scientific Management, The (Kroos/
  Gilbert), 34
  Privacy, 15, 145
  Proactive, 221
  Proactive change A response that is
  initiated before a performance gap has
  occurred, 569
  Probing A team strategy that requires
  team members to interact frequently with
  outsiders, diagnose their needs, and
  experiment with solutions, 447
  Procedural justice Using fair
  processes in decision making and making
  sure others know that the process was as
  fair as possible, 418–419
  Process engineering role, 255
  Process innovation, 526–527
  Procter & Gamble (P&G), 36, 59, 115, 180,
  203, 338, 556–557
  Product champion A person who
  promotes a new technology throughout
  the organization in an effort to obtain
  acceptance of and support for it, 543
  Product departmentalization, 250
  Product design, 284
  Product division, 250
  Product innovation, 526–527
  Production budget, 504
  Productivity, 420
  Productivity goal, 403
  Productivity growth, 117
  Product leadership, 117
  Product manager, 253, 259
  Product Red, 59
  Profitability ratio, 508
  Profit and loss statement An itemized
  financial statement of the income and
  expenses of a company’s operations, 507
  Profit maximization perspective, 154–155
  Profit-sharing plan, 316–317
  Programmed decisions Decisions
  encountered and made before, having
  objectively correct answers, and solvable
  by using simple rules, policies, or numerical
  computations, 78
  Programming, and human resources, 299–302,
  323
  Progress Out of Poverty Index (PPI), 496
  Project and development teams 
  Teams that work on long-term projects but
  disband once the work is completed, 435
  Project manager, 259
  Promoter, 203, 224
  Promotion, career development, 352
  ProQuest.com, 233
  Prospector firm, 537
  Prospectors Companies that
  continuously change the boundaries for
  their task environments by seeking new
  products and markets, diversifying and
  merging, or acquiring new enterprises, 59
  Prosper, 215
  PSA Group, 124, 276
  Pseudotransformational
  leaders Leaders who talk about positive
  change but allow their self-interest to take
  precedence over followers’ needs, 385
  Psychological bias, 86–87604 Glossary / Subjects
  Psychological contract A set of
  perceptions of what employees owe their
  employers, and what their employers owe
  them, 420–421
  Psychological maturity An employee’s
  self-confidence and self-respect, 380
  Psychological safety When employees
  feel they can speak up honestly and freely
  without fear, 439–440
  Psychopathy, 374
  Public filings, 234
  Publicly held company, 46
  Public relations, 59–60
  Punishment Administering an aversive
  consequence, 403–405
  Purchase, technology, 540
  Purchasing, 122
  Purple, 570–571
  PwC, 366
  Q
  Quadra Drilling Systems, 455–456
  Quaker, 51, 53
  Qualcomm, 60
  Quality The excellence of your product
  (goods or services), 9, 12
  Quality initiative, 280–282
  Quality management, 284
  Quality of work life (QWL) programs 
  Programs designed to create a workplace
  that enhances employee well-being,
  419–420
  Quantitative management A
  contemporary management approach that
  emphasizes the application of quantitative
  analysis to managerial decisions and
  problems, 32, 37, 39
  Quest Diagnostics, 305
  Question mark, in BCG matrix, 127–128
  QuickBooks, 276, 545
  Quicken Loans, 10–11
  Quid pro quo harassment, 338
  Quorn, 531
  QWL. See Quality of work life (QWL)
  programs, 419–420
  R
  Race discrimination, 335. See also Diversity
  Racial segregation, 334
  Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, 286
  Rainmaker Thinking, 341
  Rakuten, 274
  Ramesh Tainwala, 304
  Randstad US, 387
  Ray Ban, 537
  Razorfish, 475
  RCA, 180
  RCA Corporation, 183
  RDS Business Reference Suite, 233
  Reactive change A response that
  occurs under pressure; problem-driven
  change, 569
  Reading, 474
  Read-write-execute, 6
  Ready-made solutions Ideas that have
  been seen or tried before, 81
  Receiver skills, 472–475
  Reconciliation, and corporate responsibility, 155
  Recruit, 446
  Recruitment The development
  of a pool of applicants for jobs in an
  organization, 302, 303, 349–350
  RED, 123
  Red Hat, 139
  Red Stripe, 180
  Reference check, 304
  Referent power, 372
  Reflection Process by which a person
  states what he or she believes the other
  person says or means, 473
  Refreezing Strengthening the new
  behaviors that support the change,
  562–563
  Regulations. See Laws and regulation
  Regulator, 47
  Reinforcer Positive consequence that
  motivates behavior, 403, 405, 411
  Relatedness needs, 410
  Relating, 444
  Relationship culture, 71
  Relationship-motivated leadership 
  Style in which leader focuses on
  interpersonal relationships for measuring
  performance, 380
  Relativism Philosophy that bases ethical
  behavior on the opinions and behaviors of
  relevant other people, 143–144, 149
  Relativity Space, 547
  Reliability The consistency of test
  scores over time and across alternative
  measurements, 306
  Religion, 335. See also Diversity
  Religious inclusion, 561
  Reluctance to change, 543
  Remuneration, 35
  Renewable energy, 204
  Research and development, 122, 279
  Research partnership, for technology
  development, 540
  Resistance
  to change, 560–565
  to control, 510
  Resource Input to a system that can
  enhance performance, 123–124
  Resource allocator, 17
  Resource director, 17
  Respect, 190
  Responsibility The assignment of a
  task that an employee is supposed to carry
  out, 190, 243, 244
  Responsible leadership Style in
  which leader focuses on decision-making
  processes and choices that support
  corporate social responsibility, 385
  Responsive culture, 71
  Responsive organization
  ambidextrous, 270
  customer relationship management (CRM),
  278–280
  formal and informal, 270–271
  mechanistic, 270
  organic, 270
  quality initiatives, 280–282
  Restaurant, 249
  Results appraisal, 312
  Résumé, job, 303
  Retail, agile, 288
  Retail Consulting, 241
  Retail industry, and technology, 536
  Return on investment (ROI) A ratio
  of profit to capital used, or a rate of return
  from capital, 62, 508
  Reuters, 233
  Revenue growth, 117
  Reward power, 372
  Rewards, 437
  managing, 404–405
  motivating jobs, 411–416
  to team performance, 446
  Reward system, 113, 405
  designing, 315–319
  employee benefits, 317–318
  executive pay and stock options, 317
  health and safety, 318–319
  incentive systems and variable pay, 316–317
  legal issues in compensation and benefits,
  318
  pay decisions, 315–316
  RFID. See Radio frequency identification
  (RFID) tag
  Rice Inc., 177
  Right-to-work Legislation that allows
  employees to work without having to join a
  union, 321
  Ripple, 571
  Risk The state that exists when the
  probability of success is less than 100
  percent and losses may occur, 79, 217
  Risk society, 157
  Risk taker, 220
  Rite, 65
  Rituxam, 532
  Ritz-Carlton, 385
  Rival firm. See Competitive environment
  Rivals, 44
  Robotics, 204
  Roche, 532Glossary / Subjects 605
  Rocket Mortgage, 10–11
  Rock Holdings Inc., 11
  Roles Different sets of expectations
  for how different individuals should
  behave, 444
  Rolex, 537
  Root Capital, 496
  Roshni Rides, 177
  Royal Dutch Shell (British–Dutch), 4, 57, 171
  Rumors, 479
  Rwanda, 206
  Ryan LLC, 405
  S
  Safety or security needs, 409
  Safeway, 126, 153
  Salary.com, 316
  Sales budget, 504
  Sales expense budget, 503
  Salesforce, 59, 123, 152, 206, 242, 280
  Sales job, compensation for, 316
  Sam’s Club, 14, 288, 339
  Samsonite, 304
  Samsung, 53, 172, 175, 538
  SAP, 187, 206, 241, 463
  Sarbanes-Oxley Act An act passed
  into law by Congress to establish strict
  accounting and reporting rules in order to
  make senior managers more accountable
  and to improve and maintain investor
  confidence, 145, 146–148, 242
  SAS, 350, 387, 400, 408, 421
  Satisficing Choosing an option that is
  acceptable, although not necessarily the
  best or perfect, 84, 86, 90–91
  Saudi Arabia, 176
  Scalar chain, 35
  Scale economies, 275–276
  Scandal, 144
  Scanning, 57, 535
  Scarborough Research, 233
  Scenario A narrative that describes a
  particular set of future conditions, 57, 112
  Schneider Electric, 387
  Scientific management A classical
  management approach that applied
  scientific methods to analyze and
  determine the one best way to complete
  production tasks, 32–33, 34, 39
  Scouting, 444
  SDGs. See Sustainable Development Goals
  (SDGs)
  Sears, 269
  SEC. See Securities and Exchange Commission
  (SEC)
  Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),
  190, 525
  and crowdfunding, 215
  and hierarchical levels, 242
  purpose of, 47
  as source of information for entrepreneurs, 234
  Seed manufacturing, 538
  Selco Solar, 277
  Selection Choosing from among
  qualified applicants to hire, 303
  applications and résumés, 303
  background checks, 304–305
  cognitive ability tests, 305
  drug testing, 305
  integrity tests, 305–306
  interviews, 303–304
  performance tests, 305
  personality tests, 305
  reference checks, 304
  reliability, 306
  validity, 306
  Self-actualization, 36, 409–411
  Self-confidence, leadership, 373–374
  Self-designing teams Teams with
  the responsibilities of autonomous work
  groups, plus control over hiring, firing, and
  deciding what tasks members perform, 437
  Self-evaluation, 313
  Self-interest, and resistance to change, 560–561
  Self-managed team Autonomous
  work group in which workers are trained to
  do all or most of the jobs in a unit, has no
  immediate supervisor, and makes decisions
  previously made by frontline supervisors,
  436–437
  Self-reliant, 20
  Self-SWOT analysis, 151
  Semco, 434
  Semco Partners, 106
  Sender skills
  language, 471–472
  nonverbal skills, 474
  persuasion skills, 469–471
  presentation, 469
  presentation skills, 469–470
  writing skills, 471
  Senior vice president (SVP), 16
  Sephora, 142
  Servant–leader A leader who serves
  others’ needs while strengthening the
  organization, 385
  Service The speed and dependability
  with which an organization delivers what
  customers want, 9–10, 12, 279
  Service Employees International Union, 319
  Service relationships, 448
  Sex discrimination, 335. See also Diversity
  Sexism, 352
  Sexual harassment Unwelcome sexual
  conduct that is a term or condition of
  employment, 338
  Shapers Companies that try to change
  the structure of their industries, creating a
  future competitive landscape of their own
  design, 570
  Shaping the future
  adapters, 570
  career development, 573–574
  collaboration, 575–576
  creating, 570–572
  learning and leading, 574–575
  proactive change, 569
  reactive change, 569
  shaper, 570
  thinking about, 569–570
  Shared knowledge, 543
  Shared leadership Choosing from
  among qualified applicants to hire, 386
  Sharp, 232
  Shazam, 174
  Shell, 340
  Shell Oil Company, 555–556, 566
  Shelters to Shutters, 350
  Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, 184
  Shopify, 124
  Short-term wins, generate, 568
  Sidecar, 77
  Siemens, 187
  Siemens Energy, 301
  Siemens Healthineers, 408
  Silence, as nonverbal skill, 472
  SilverSneakers, 204
  Similarity myth, 348
  Simmons Market Research Bureau, 233
  SimplyHired, 303
  Singapore, 175
  Sinopec Group (China), 4, 171
  Sinovel Wind Group Co., 184
  Siri, 6
  Situational analysis A process planners
  use to gather, interpret, and summarize all
  information relevant to the planning issue
  under consideration, 110–111
  Situational approach Leadership
  perspective proposing that universally
  important traits and behaviors do not exist
  and that effective leadership behavior
  varies from situation to situation, 378–382
  Situational control, 380
  Situational favorableness, 380
  Situational interview, 303–304
  Six sigma quality A method of
  systematically analyzing work processes
  to identify and eliminate virtually all causes
  of defects, standardizing the processes to
  reach the lowest practicable level of any
  cause of customer dissatisfaction,
  280–281, 500–502
  Skill building, 351, 573
  Skill Scout, 463
  Skill variety, 414
  Skunkworks A project team designated
  to produce a new, innovative product, 220
  Skype, 46, 467
  Slack, 64, 440
  Small batch Technology that produces
  goods and services in low volume,
  282–283606 Glossary / Subjects
  Small business A business having
  fewer than 500 employees, independently
  owned and operated, not dominant in
  its field, and not characterized by many
  innovative practices, 200
  Small Business Administration, 200,
  205, 214, 227
  Small business grant, 212
  Small Business Learning Center, 214
  SMART, 403
  Smart Compose, 468
  “Smarter city” technologies, 570
  Smarter Planet, 176
  Smart goals, 401–402
  Smartphones, popularity of, 3
  Smithfield Foods, 153–154
  Smoothing Leveling normal fluctuations
  at the boundaries of the environment, 62
  SMRC. See Student Movement for Real
  Change (SMRC)
  Snagajob, 303
  Snapchat, 202, 533, 541, 570
  SnapChat, 15 
  Snap Inc., 248
  Soaring Eagle Skate Company, 102–103
  Social analysis, 121
  Social capital Goodwill stemming from
  your social relationships; a competitive
  advantage in the form of relationships with
  other people and the image other people
  have of you, 21, 219
  Social CRM, 280. See also Customer
  relationship management (CRM)
  Social enterprise Organization that
  applies business models and leverages
  resources in ways that address social
  problems, 206, 207–208
  Social Enterprise Alliance, 473
  Social entrepreneurship Leveraging
  resources to address social problems,
  206–207
  Social Entrepreneurship boxes, 13
  artificial intelligence, 571
  climate change, 49
  communicating success, 473
  co-working, 443
  engineering disaster-resilient homes, 386
  growth as goal, 300
  Kiva, 248
  learning-by-doing training programs, 156
  measuring social impact, 496
  nonprofit or for-profit, 80
  Novo Nordisk, 113
  scaling social enterprises, 277
  student social entrepreneurs, 177
  Team Rubicon, 412–413
  water ATMs, 520
  Social facilitation effect Working
  harder when in a group than when working
  alone, 442
  Social impact, measuring, 496
  Social issues, 44, 49, 68, 174
  Socialization, 446
  Socialization standards, 446
  Socialized power, 411
  “Social listening,” 280
  Social loafing Working less hard and
  being less productive when in a group,
  90–91, 442
  Social media
  digital communication and, 465
  as ethical issue in business, 145
  profiles prospective employees, 304
  Social networking, 5–6
  Social or belongingness needs, 409–410
  Social relationships, 21
  Social responsibility, 154, 163. See also
  Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
  Social Security Act of 1935, 317–318
  Social Security verification, 304–305
  Sociotechnical systems An approach
  to job design that attempts to redesign
  tasks to optimize operation of a new
  technology while preserving employees’
  interpersonal relationships and other
  human aspects of the work, 546, 546
  SodaStream, 49
  SOE. See State-owned enterprise (SOE)
  Soft Scroll, 227
  Solidarium, 208
  Solutionary, 450
  Sonnen, 566
  Sony, 172, 180, 203, 232, 556–557
  Sony Electronics, 338
  SoundCloud, 461, 469, 480
  Sourcify, 571
  South Africa, 176
  South America, 176
  South Asia, 206
  Southwest Airlines, 37, 59, 65, 385
  SpaceX, 120, 367, 525, 547
  Spacious, 443
  Span of control The number of
  subordinates who report directly to an
  executive or supervisor, 242–243
  Spanx, 203
  Specialist, 19
  Specialization A process in which
  different individuals and units perform
  different tasks, 238
  Speech recognition tools, 6
  Speed Fast and timely execution,
  response, and delivery of products, 10–12,
  286–287
  Speed trap. See Time pressure
  Spirit Airlines, 11
  Spokesperson, 17
  Sport Clips, 219
  Spotify, 202, 480
  Sprint, 466
  Stability and tenure of personnel, 35
  Stabilization relationships, 448
  Staff departments Units that support
  line departments, 246
  Staffing
  at Google, 311
  recruitment, 302–303
  selection, 303–306
  workforce reductions, 306–309
  Stakeholders Groups and individuals
  who affect and are affected by the
  achievement of the organization’s mission,
  goals, and strategies, 120
  Standard Expected performance for
  a given goal: a target that establishes
  a desired performance level, motivates
  performance, and serves as a benchmark
  against which actual performance is
  assessed, 496
  Standardization Establishing common
  routines and procedures that apply
  uniformly to everyone, 256
  Standard and Poor’s 500, 45
  Stanford University, 545
  Stanley Lynch Investment Group, 264
  Staples, 49
  Starbucks, 9, 49, 60, 152, 169, 175, 199–200,
  274, 277, 401, 515
  Stars, in BCG matrix, 127–128
  Start-up, 216–217. See also Entrepreneurship
  State Farm Insurance, 414
  State Grid (China), 4, 171
  State-owned enterprise (SOE), 184
  Statistical Abstract of the United States, 233
  Statistical Analysis Software (SAS), 399–400
  Stat-USA, 233
  Status symbol, 65
  Stewardship Contributing to the longterm welfare of others, 152
  Stockholders’ equity The amount
  accruing to the corporation’s
  owners, 505
  Stock market, 45
  Stock options, 317
  Stonewalling, 147
  Stonyfield’s, 158
  Stories, 15
  Stories Ads, 15
  Strategic alliance A formal relationship
  created among independent organizations
  with the purpose of joint pursuit of mutual
  goals, 272, 273, 274–276
  Strategic control, 118–119, 131
  Strategic control system A system
  designed to support managers in
  evaluating the organization’s progress
  regarding its strategy and, when
  discrepancies exist, taking corrective
  action, 130
  Strategic goals Major targets or end
  results relating to the organization’s longterm survival, value, and growth, 114
  Strategic intervention, 559Glossary / Subjects 607
  Strategic leadership Behavior
  that gives purpose and meaning to
  organizations, envisioning and creating a
  positive future, 370
  Strategic management A process
  that involves managers from all parts of
  the organization in the formulation and
  implementation of strategic goals and
  strategies, 1, 118, 119
  Strategic manager, 16
  Strategic maneuvering An
  organization’s conscious efforts to change
  the boundaries of its task environment, 58
  Strategic planning A set of
  procedures for making decisions about
  the organization’s long-term goals and
  strategies, 114, 116–118
  See also Planning
  Strategic triangle, 278
  Strategic vision The long-term
  direction and strategic intent of a company,
  119
  Strategy A pattern of actions and
  resource allocations designed to achieve
  the organization’s goals, 115, 568
  Strategy implementation, 129–130
  Strategy map A depiction of how an
  organization plans to convert its various
  assets into desired outcomes, 117,
  511–512
  Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
  threats. See SWOT analysis
  Stretch goals Targets that are
  particularly demanding, sometimes even
  thought to be impossible, 402
  Structured interview Selection
  technique that involves asking all
  applicants the same questions and
  comparing their responses to a
  standardized set of answers, 303–304
  Student Movement for Real Change (SMRC), 80
  Student social entrepreneurs, 177
  Subordination of individual interest to general
  interest, 35
  Substitutes and complements, 44, 50, 52–53,
  57, 68
  Substitutes for leadership Factors
  in the workplace that can exert the same
  influence on employees as leaders would
  provide, 382
  Subunit Subdivisions of an organization,
  242
  Subway, 204
  Sunday Riley, 142
  Sun Microsystems, 340
  SunPower, 566
  Superordinate goals Higher-level
  goals taking priority over specific individual
  or group goals, 450
  Superstorm Sandy, 97
  Supervisor, 16
  Supervisory leadership Behavior that
  provides guidance, support, and corrective
  feedback for day-to-day activities, 370
  Suppliers
  in competitive environment, 44, 50, 57, 68
  and switching costs, 53–54
  as unattractive and attractive environmental
  factors, 57
  Supply and demand, reconciling, 301–302
  Supply chain, 127
  Supply chain management The
  managing of the network of facilities
  and people that obtain materials from
  outside the organization, transform them
  into products, and distribute them to
  customers, 54
  Support, 388
  Support groups, 351
  Supporting Case boxes
  Apple, 232
  Foxconn, 232
  Zappos, 361–362
  Supportive leadership, 375, 381
  Surprise, and resistance to change, 560
  Survey of Current Business, 233
  Sustainability audit, 502–503
  Sustainability Minimizing the use
  of resources, especially those that are
  polluting and nonrenewable, 1, 11–12
  and natural environment, 50
  natural environment and, 155–159
  Sustainable Development Goals
  (SDGs), 159
  Sustainable growth Economic growth
  and development that meets present
  needs without harming the needs of future
  generations, 157
  Sustainable Ocean Alliance, 206
  Sustainable practices, 61
  Suuchi Inc., 284
  SVP. See Senior vice president (SVP)
  Sweatshop, 144
  Switching costs Fixed costs
  buyers face when they change
  suppliers, 53–54
  SWOT analysis A comparison of
  strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
  threats that helps executives formulate
  strategy, 118–119, 124, 125–129, 151
  Symbol, status, 65
  Sympathy, 154
  System 1 information processing A
  type of decision-making process that is
  reflexive and done quickly without careful
  thought, 86
  System 2 information processing A
  type of decision-making process that is
  reflective and done slowly with deliberative
  thought, 86
  Systematic management A classical
  management approach that attempted
  to build into operations the specific
  procedures and processes that would
  ensure coordination of effort to achieve
  established goals and plans, 32, 33–34,
  39
  Systems accommodations, 352
  Systems theory A theory stating that
  an organization is a managed system that
  changes inputs into outputs, 32, 37, 39
  T
  Taco Bell, 60, 178, 204
  Tactical behavior, 509–510
  Tactical planning A set of procedures
  for translating broad strategic goals and
  plans into specific goals and plans that
  are relevant to a distinct portion of the
  organization, such as a functional area like
  marketing, 115–118, 116
  Taft-Hartley Act (1947), 319
  Taiwan, 175, 189
  Take-make-waste production model, 158
  Tannenbaum, 561
  Tarang Amin, 434
  Target, 59, 64, 152, 169, 181
  Tariff, 179
  Task force, 259
  Task identity, 414
  Task-motivated
  leadership Leadership
  that places primary emphasis on
  completing a task, 380
  Task performance behavior Actions
  taken to ensure that the work group or
  organization reaches its goals, 375, 382
  Task significance, 414
  Task specialist role An individual
  who has more advanced job-related skills
  and abilities than other group members
  possess, 444
  Tata Motors, 71–72
  TBC. See Time-based competition (TBC)
  TBL. See Triple bottom line (TBL) strategy
  TD Bank, 511
  Team A small number of people with
  complementary skills who are committed
  to a common purpose, set of performance
  goals, and approach for which they hold
  themselves mutually accountable, 438
  Teaming A strategy of teamwork on
  the fly, creating many temporary, changing
  teams, 435608 Glossary / Subjects
  Team leader, 16, 436
  Team maintenance role Individual
  who develops and maintains team
  harmony, 444
  Team productivity, 441
  Team Rubicon, 412
  Teams and teamwork, 1
  building effective teams, 441–446
  challenges, 439
  cohesiveness, 445–446
  contributions, 434
  critical periods, 439
  diverse, 92
  empowering, 441
  failure of, 440–441
  group processes, 438–439
  inclusiveness, 436
  lateral relationships, 447–451
  members contributions, 443
  motivating, 442
  norms, 443–444
  performance focus, 441–442
  roles, 444
  types of, 434–438
  virtual, and e-conflict, 451
  work, 434
  See also Decision making, in groups
  Team training Training that provides
  employees with the skills and perspectives
  they need to collaborate with others, 310
  Tecate, 180
  Technical innovator A person who
  develops a new technology or has the
  key skills to install and operate the
  technology, 543
  Technical skill The ability to perform
  a specialized task involving a particular
  method or process, 18
  See also Career development
  Technological analysis, 121
  Technological change, 5–6
  Technological development, 527
  Technological discovery, 204
  Technological environment, 174
  Technological feasibility, 536, 538
  Technological innovation, 529–530
  Technological leadership, 532–533
  Technological risk, 157
  Technological trends, 534–535
  Technology The systematic application
  of scientific knowledge to a new product,
  process, or service, 1, 44, 68, 282, 526
  acquisition options, 542
  adopters, 529–530, 533–534
  anticipated market receptiveness, 535–536
  decisions regarding, 535–538
  dissemination pattern and adopter
  categories, 529
  effective systems, 117
  and innovation, 526–530
  large batch, 283
  leadership and followership, 530–534
  and macroenvironment, 46
  and managerial roles, 542–543
  managing impact of, 122
  and measuring competitive value, 534
  measuring current, 534
  and organizational agility, 282–287
  small batch, 282–283
  sourcing and acquiring, 538–542
  vulnerability of, in crisis, 97
  See also Innovation
  Technology audit Process of clarifying
  the key technologies on which an
  organization depends, 534
  Technology benchmarking, 534
  Technology configuration, 282–283
  Technology followership, 533–534
  Technology leadership, 530-534
  Technology life cycle A predictable
  pattern followed by a technological
  innovation, from its inception and
  development to market saturation and
  replacement, 527–529
  Technology owner, acquiring, 541–542
  Technology skills, 573
  Technology training, 540
  Techno-structural intervention, 559
  TechStars, 211
  Teco Energy, 494
  Teenage employee, 338
  Telecommunication industry, 531
  Teledyne, 217
  Termination, 307, 309
  Termination interview A discussion
  between a manager and an employee
  about the employee’s dismissal, 307
  Tesco, 313
  Tesla Motors, 306, 367, 465, 525–526,
  538–539, 546–547, 566
  Texas Instruments, 251
  Theory X, 37
  Theory Y, 37
  ThinkImpact, 80
  Third-country nationals Natives of
  a country other than the home country or
  the host country of an overseas subsidiary,
  185
  Thomas J. Watson Research Center, 538
  ThomsonResearch, 233
  Thomson Reuters Diversity and Inclusion
  Index, 333
  Thomson Venture Economics, 233
  Threat of entry, 57
  3D printing, 46, 122, 128, 536
  3M, 123, 147, 368, 434, 508, 532, 544,
  556–557
  360-degree appraisal Process of
  using multiple sources of appraisal to gain
  a comprehensive perspective on one’s
  performance, 313–314
  Tiger, 180
  TikTok, 533
  Timberland, 158
  Time-based competition
  (TBC) Strategies aimed at reducing the
  total time needed to deliver a good or
  service, 286–287
  Time pressure, 87–89
  Time Warner, 493
  Timing, and resistance to change, 560
  Titles, elimination of, 106–107
  Title VII of Civil Rights Act (1964), 308
  Tivity Health, 204
  T-Mobile, 123, 465
  TNGA. See Toyota New Global Architecture
  (TNGA)
  Tom’s of Maine, 158
  Top-level manager Senior executive
  responsible for the overall management
  and effectiveness of the organization, 16
  C-suite, 241–242
  in matrix diamond, 253
  and planning, 114
  Top management, 219
  Toshiba, 123, 232
  Total, 566
  Total organization
  change Introducing and sustaining
  multiple policies, practices, and procedures
  across multiple units and levels, 566
  Total quality management (TQM) 
  An integrative approach to management
  that supports the attainment of customer
  satisfaction through a wide variety of tools
  and techniques that result in high-quality
  goods and services, 280
  Touchstone Pictures, 114
  Toyota, 4, 8, 124, 158, 171–172, 179–180, 187,
  238, 283, 343, 489, 502, 531
  Toyota New Global Architecture (TNGA), 180
  Toys ‘R’ Us, 269
  Trade Associations, 234
  Trade policy, U.S., 178
  Trader Joe’s, 126
  Training Teaching lower-level employees
  how to perform their present jobs, 309
  inclusiveness, 350–351
  processes, 311
  types of, 310–311
  Trait approach A leadership
  perspective that attempts to determine the
  personal characteristics that great leaders
  share, 373, 374
  Trait scale, 312
  Transactional leader Leader who
  manages through transactions, using
  legitimate, reward, and coercive powers to
  give commands and exchange rewards for
  services rendered, 383
  Transcendent education An
  education with five higher goals that
  balance self-interest with responsibility to
  others, 154Glossary / Subjects 609
  Transfer price Price charged by one
  unit for a good or service provided to
  another unit within the organization, 514
  Transformational leader A leader
  who motivates people to transcend their
  personal interests for the good of the
  group, 383, 384–385, 404, 448
  Transgender community, 435
  Transnational model An
  organizational model characterized by
  centralizing certain functions in locations
  that best achieve cost economies;
  basing other functions in the company’s
  national subsidiaries to facilitate greater
  local responsiveness; and fostering
  communication among subsidiaries to
  permit transfer of technological expertise
  and skills, 178, 180, 181–182
  Transnational teams Teams
  composed of multinational members
  whose activities span multiple countries.
  Such teams differ from other work
  teams by being multicultural and by
  often being geographically dispersed,
  being psychologically distant, and
  working on highly complex projects
  having considerable impact on company
  objectives, 435
  Transparency People’s beliefs that
  the information their employer and others
  send them is of high quality, as defined by
  accuracy, timeliness, and full disclosure of
  relevant information, 479, 480
  Treasure Cup, 194
  TripAdvisor, 8
  Triple bottom line (TBL) Economic,
  social, and environmental performance,
  113, 153, 502–503
  Tropicana, 53
  Truth telling, 141. See also Ethics
  TRW, 251
  TTEC, 254
  TurboTax, 276
  20 Percent Rule, 220
  20th Century Fox, 114
  Twitter, 8, 303, 305, 341, 465, 549
  “Two-boss” manager/employee, 253
  Two-factor theory Herzberg’s theory
  describing two factors affecting people’s
  work motivation and satisfaction, 413
  Two-way communication A
  process in which information flows in
  two directions—the receiver provides
  feedback, and the sender is receptive to
  the feedback, 462, 463
  Tyranny of the or The belief that things
  must be either A or B and cannot be both;
  that only one goal and not another can be
  attained, 557
  U
  Uber, 4, 88, 98
  Uber Technologies, 77
  Uncertainty The state that exists
  when decision makers have insufficient
  information, 79
  Uncertainty avoidance, 188
  Unconscious bias, 528
  Unemployment insurance, 317–318
  Unemployment rate, 45
  Unethical behavior, 402
  Unfreezing Realizing that current
  practices are inappropriate and that new
  behavior is necessary, 562, 563
  Unilever, 123, 158, 168
  Union contract, 307
  Unionization, 320
  Union membership, decline in, 321–322
  Union shop An organization with
  a union and a union security clause
  specifying that workers must join the union
  after a set period of time, 321
  Union voting behavior, 320
  Unisys, 466
  United Nations, 159
  United States
  affirmative action, 341
  age diversity, 341
  Chinese company expansion in, 169
  and climate change, 49
  competitive environment, 51, 62
  and conflict management styles, 449
  cross-cultural differences, 376
  dependence on foreign old, 176
  diverse workflow in, 334
  and diversity, 152
  e-commerce in, 205
  education levels in, 341
  employment of people with disabilities, 340
  entrepreneurship in, 205
  environmental problems, 157
  ethics, 143–145, 147
  executive pay and stock options, 317
  feedback to employees in, 310
  generational shift in organization structure
  and functions, 257
  and globalization, 5
  goal setting, 401
  innovation in, 9
  and inpatriates, 189
  inshoring jobs to, 172
  international licensing, 183
  labor and supply forecasts, 300–301
  labor relations, 319–321
  languages varied by culture, 471
  Latina population in, 207
  laws and regulations, 47
  literacy in, 474
  manufacturing in, 278
  minorities and immigrants, 336, 339
  mortality and succession in family
  businesses, 215
  motivating employees, 411, 413
  and need for achievement, 411
  North American Free Trade Agreement
  (NAFTA), 175–176
  offshoring jobs from, 172
  recognizing cultural differences, 437
  right-to-work states, 321
  small businesses in, 200
  Student Movement for Real Change
  (SMRC), 80
  sustainability, 11
  top global companies in, 171
  and world trade, 170–171, 174–175
  United Steel Workers of America, 33
  United Technologies, 47
  Unity-of-command principle A
  structure in which each worker reports to
  one boss, who in turn reports to one boss,
  35, 252, 253
  Unity of direction, 35
  Universalism The ethical system stating
  that all people should uphold certain
  values that society needs to function, 142,
  149
  Unstructured interview, 304
  UPS, 206, 385, 504
  Upward communication Information
  that flows from lower to higher levels in the
  organization’s hierarchy, 477, 478
  USA Hospital Supply, 27–28
  U.S. Army, 46
  U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 319
  U.S. Bureau of the Census, 233
  U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 60
  U.S. Department of Agriculture, 155
  U.S. Department of State, 5
  U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity
  Commission (EEOC), 98
  U.S. Small Business Administration, 234
  Utilitarianism An ethical system stating
  that the greatest good for the greatest
  number should be the overriding concern
  of decision makers, 143, 144
  V
  Valence The value an outcome holds for
  the person contemplating it, 407, 408
  Validity The degree to which a selection
  test predicts or correlates with job
  performance, 306
  Value The monetary amount associated
  with how well a job, task, good, or service
  meets users’ needs, 13, 44, 68, 117
  Value-added manufacturing, 287
  Value chain The sequence of activities
  that flow from raw materials to the delivery
  of a good or service, with additional value
  created at each step, 279, 280
  Value Line Investment Survey, 233610 Glossary / Subjects
  Value proposition, 115
  Vans, 59
  Variable pay, 316–317
  Vegetarian Butcher, The, 158
  Veil of ignorance, 149
  Venezuela, 176, 189
  Venture capitalist, 212
  Verizon, 87
  Vertical integration The acquisition
  or development of new businesses that
  produce parts or components of the
  organization’s product, 126, 127
  Veteran, employing, 336
  Veterans United Home Loans, 498
  Videoconference, 46
  ViewMyPaycheck, 545
  Vigilance A process in which a decision
  maker carefully executes all stages of
  decision making, 86
  Vioxx scandal, 365
  Virgin Group, 61, 367
  Virginia Mason Medical Center, 500
  Virtual office A mobile office in which
  people can work anywhere, as long as
  they have the tools to communicate with
  customers and colleagues, 467
  Virtual teams Teams that are physically
  dispersed and communicate electronically
  more than face-to-face, 435, 440
  Virtual teamwork, 440
  Virtue ethics Perspective that what is
  moral comes from what a mature person
  with “good” moral character would deem
  right, 143–144
  Vision A mental image of a possible and
  desirable future state of the organization,
  367, 368, 369, 568
  Vocational Rehabilitation Act (1973), 308
  Voice When people speak up with good
  intentions about work-related issues, rather
  than remaining silent, 478
  Voice mail, 465. See also Digital
  communication
  Volcker Rule, 146
  Volkswagen, 72, 168, 171, 238, 248, 489, 539
  Voluntary action, 59–60
  Voting, 320, 334
  Vroom model A situational model that
  focuses on the participative dimension of
  leadership, 378, 379
  VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and
  ambiguity), 271–272
  W
  Wages, 144, 145
  Wagner Act, 319
  Wall Street Journal, The, 233
  Walmart, 4, 11, 60, 112, 117, 153, 171, 203, 206,
  208, 241, 269–270, 274–276, 286, 288,
  316, 401, 556–557
  Walmart Stores, 128, 275
  Walt Disney Company, 63, 123, 131, 152
  Walt Disney Studios, 109–110, 114
  Warby Parker, 63
  Water ATM, 530
  Water-Less initiative, 158
  Waymo, 547
  Web 2.0, 5–6
  Web 3.0, 6
  Wegmans Food Markets, 410
  Wells Fargo, 11, 140
  Western Electric Company, 35
  Western Europe, 173–174
  Westin Hotels, 94
  Weyerhaeuser, 87
  WhatsApp, 533
  Whistleblowing, 150–151
  White House Equal Pay Pledge, 152
  Whole Foods Market, 43, 64, 116, 433–434,
  437, 452
  Wholly owned subsidiaries, 182, 184
  Wildcat strikes, 321
  Wipro, 124
  Wish You Wood Toy Store, 135
  W. L. Gore, 410, 434
  Women, 156, 335
  career development programs
  and, 352
  and family-friendly benefits, 337
  glass ceiling, 337
  harassment, 338
  in leadership, 48
  top companies for, 338
  top executives, 337
  See also Diversity
  Women’s Network, 349
  Women’s rights movement, 334
  Workers’ compensation, 317–318
  Workflow relationship, 448
  Workforce
  changing, 7, 335–341
  developing, 309–311
  reductions in, 306–309
  See also Staffing
  Workforce management, 284
  WorkForce Software, 241
  Working group, 438
  Working leaders, with broad responsibilities,
  17–18
  Working overseas, 185
  cultural issues, 187–189
  ethical issues, 190–191
  failed, 186–187
  Work team Team that makes or does
  things like manufacture, assemble, sell, or
  provide service, 434
  World Development Indicators—World
  Bank, 233
  World Social Enterprise Forum, 300
  World Trade Organization (WTO), 173, 183
  Worldwide Games, 550
  World Wildlife Fund, 155
  Worn Wear program, 11
  Worst-case scenario, 57
  Writing skills, 471
  WTO. See World Trade Organization (WTO)
  X
  Xerox, 179, 340, 542
  XFactor Ventures, 202
  Y
  Yahoo!, 87, 277
  Yammer, 440
  Y Combinator, 211
  Yelp, 8
  YouEarnedIt, 408
  YouTube, 465, 533
  Yum! Brands, 5
  Z
  Zappos, 106–107, 201, 217, 361–362
  Zenith, 180
  Zero defects, achieving, 9
  Zero Waste Solutions, 202
  Zip code business patterns, 233
  Zoom, 46
  Zytiga, 52611
  A
  Aaron, J. R., 359
  Abadi, Mark, 358
  Abella, Amanda, 254, 266
  Abrams, L., 488
  Ackerman, F., 553
  Adams, A., 265
  Adams, J., 429
  Adams, R. J., 201
  Adams, S., 329, 429
  Aditya, R., 394–395
  Adler, N., 104, 359–360
  Adler, Nancy J., 348
  Adler, P., 31, 583
  Adler, P. S., 73, 266
  Agarwal, D., 265
  Aghili, S., 521
  Agle, B., 395
  Aguinis, H., 166
  Aguirre, D., 581
  Aiken, C., 581
  Aiman-Smith, Lynda, 553
  Aime, F., 457
  Ainina, M. Fall, 393
  Akinola, M., 265
  Alawadhi, N., 195
  Albanese, Jason, 397
  Albert, E., 167
  Alderfer, C., 428
  Aldrich, H., 228, 230
  Alexander, E., 486
  Alexander, E. R., 103
  Alger, Kieran, 29
  Ali, A. J., 264
  Ali, S., 486
  Alic, M., 521
  Allen, S. J., 397
  Allinson, R. E., 165
  Almirall, Esteve, 552
  Alpern, M., 581
  Alsin, Arne, 166
  Altaffer, A., 243
  Amabile, T. M., 105, 428
  Amano, Tomofumi, 196
  Anadiotis, G., 520
  Anand, N., 165
  Anand, V., 165
  Anatol, K., 488
  Ancona, D. G., 447, 459
  Anderson, Ariston, 486
  Anderson, Brian S., 551
  Anderson, K., 167, 197
  Andersson, M., 456
  Andrade, Amanda, 498
  Anthony, S., 395
  Anthony, S. D., 551
  Antonakis, J., 30, 394
  Antons, D., 136
  Applebaum, R., 488
  Applegate, M., 328
  Aquino, K., 458
  Arad, S., 520
  Aragon-Correa, J. A., 165–166
  Aranda, E., 457
  Arandjelovic, P., 552
  Araya, Daniel, 397
  Arena, Michael, 545
  Arenas, A., 459
  Arend, R., 228
  Arends, L., 427, 458
  Argenti, J., 230
  Argyris, C., 429
  Ariely, D., 329
  Arin, K. P., 229
  Ariss, A., 327
  Armstrong-Stassen, M., 429
  Arnold, J., 521
  Arora, Rohit, 229
  Arroniz, I., 551
  Arther, M. B., 30
  Arthur, W., Jr., 328
  Arya, A., 265
  Aryee, S., 265
  Asgarwal, D., 456
  Ash, Mary Kay, 411
  Ash, R. A., 328
  Ashcroft, John, 398
  Ashford, Orlando, 339
  Ashford, S., 105
  Ashforth, B., 165
  Ashkanasy, N., 30
  Ashkenas, R., 488–489
  Ashkenas, R. N., 264
  Asimov, Isaac, 76
  Assouline, M., 29
  Atchinson, J., 29
  Athos, A., 488
  Atkins, P. W. B., 428
  Attwood, Hannah, 215
  Atwater, L., 395
  Austen, B., 552
  Austin, Robert, 29
  Autio, E., 231
  Avalos, G., 360
  Avella, J., 29
  Avolio, B., 165, 395–396
  Axtell, C., 486
  B
  Baazigos, M., 252
  Baccardax, M., 552
  Bacharach, S., 97
  Bacher, J., 329
  Backarach, S., 105
  Badarocco, J., 165
  Bahn, S., 265
  Bailey, D., 456–457
  Bailey, S., 109
  Bailey, W., 164
  Baird, L., 247
  Baldoni, John, 457
  Baldwin, C. Y., 551
  Baldwin, Timothy, 360
  Bales, R. F., 458
  Balkhi, S., 293
  Balkundi, P., 395
  Ball, D., 458
  Ballard, J., 428
  Ballmer, Steve, 78
  Balogun, J., 581–582
  Baltes, B., 486
  Balven, R., 396
  Balven, R. M., 164
  Bamberger, P., 97, 105
  Banaji, M., 164
  Banga, Ajay, 339
  Banker, R., 457
  Bansal, P., 167
  Baonaccio, S., 487
  Barak, M. E. Mor, 358, 359
  Bardes, M., 396
  Bareket-Bojmel, L., 329
  Barkema, H., 197, 457, 459
  Barker, J., 266
  Barkholz, D., 136
  Barling, J., 396, 429
  Barnard, Chester, 35
  Barnes, Brooks, 137
  Barnes, C., 457–458
  Barnes, D., 457
  Baron, B., 582
  Baron, R., 228
  Baron, R. A., 230
  Barra, Mary, 59, 150, 237, 251, 260,
  337, 384
  Barratt-Pugh, L., 265
  Barreiro, Sachi, 328
  Barrett, Amy, 103–104
  Barry, B., 581, 583
  Barry, Lisa, 521
  Bartlett, C., 30, 266, 430
  Bartlett, C. A., 427
  Bartol, K., 429, 456, 458, 486
  Barton, D., 104, 166
  Barton, Dorothy Leonard, 543
  Barton, Eric, 197
  Barton, M., 105
  Bartunek, J., 264, 581–582
  Baruck, Y., 583
  Bass, B., 103
  Bass, B. M., 395–396
  Bastone, Nick, 327, 329
  Bateman, T., 30, 104, 231, 409, 429, 583
  Bateman, Thomas, 379
  Battilana, J., 229, 265
  Bauer, C., 486
  Bauer, T., 29, 430
  Baughman, K., 328
  Baum, J., 393
  Baum, J. R., 229
  Bayer, Y., 104
  Baysinger, R. A., 329
  Bazerman, M., 103–104, 164
  Bear, M., 105
  Beasley, R. C., 196
  Beaudoin, C., 427
  Beckham, David, 16
  Beckhard, R., 582
  Beckman, Maurie, 165
  Bedeian, A., 265
  Bedeian, Arthur G., 26–27
  Beer, M., 130, 581–582
  Beers, C., 487
  Beersma, B., 456
  Behfar, K., 197
  Behr, P., 395
  Beinhocker, E., 582
  Belkin, L., 486–487
  Bell, Alexander Graham, 528
  Bell, G., 582
  NAME INDEX612 Name Index
  Bell-Masterson, J., 230
  Bendard, S., 359
  Benioff, Marc, 123
  Benner, M., 30
  Bennis, W., 393, 395–396, 458
  Bentein, K., 396
  Bergen, M. E., 103
  Bergeson, L. L., 521
  Berkley, J., 582
  Berkley, R. A., 328
  Berkowitz, M., 165
  Berland, Edelman, 164
  Berliner, U., 164
  Berman-Gorvine, M., 521
  Bernardin, H., 329
  Bernasco, W., 266
  Berra, Yogi, 474
  Bersin, Josh, 328
  Berson, Brett, 360
  Bertolini, Mark, 18, 30
  Bertrand, M., 359
  Betz, Brandy, 103
  Beus, J., 359
  Bezos, Jeff, 31, 43, 56, 66, 384
  Bezrukova, Katerina, 360
  Bharracharyya, Suman, 294
  Bhatia, A., 196
  Bhattarai, Abha, 229
  Bian, Lin, 358
  Bickford, D. J., 551
  Bierly, P., 551
  Bies, R. J., 488
  Biley, W., 164
  Bilimoria, D., 488
  Billing, T., 457
  Billington, C., 73
  Binney, George, 574
  Birdwell, L., 428
  Birkinshaw, J., 30, 552, 580
  Birkinshaw, Julian, 551
  Birtch, T., 488
  Bisson, P., 551
  Blackburn, R., 457
  Bladt, Jeff, 488
  Blake, R., 394
  Blake, Robert Rogers, 377
  Blake, S., 359
  Blakely, Sara, 203
  Blancero, D., 330
  Blanchard, K., 395
  Blankenship, Don, 319
  Block, P., 396
  Blodget, H., 362
  Bluestein, A., 137
  Blum, M., 451, 459
  Blume, Brian, 360
  Blumenthal, D., 458
  Boal, K., 394
  Bock, Laszlo, 297
  Bodell, Lisa, 520
  Boehm, R., 250
  Boehm, S., 395
  Boer, H., 266
  Bohlander, G. W., 315, 316, 330
  Bolelovic, L., 230
  Bommer, W., 396
  Bonaparte, Napoleon, 242
  Bondoim, L., 552
  Bonett, D., 430
  Bono, J., 360, 394, 427
  Boo, Michael, 512
  Boogaard, Kat, 104
  Boone, Larry W., 396
  Booth, Barbara, 105
  Booth, J., 165
  Bordia, P., 489
  Borrelli, Christopher, 104
  Bort, J., 265
  Bortz, D., 72
  Boss, J., 521
  Bossidy, L., 487
  Boudette, Neal E., 552
  Boudreaux, Gail, 337
  Bourgeois, L. J., III, 105
  Bourke, Juliet, 521
  Bourton, Sam, 397
  Bousso, Ron, 581
  Bowen, D., 327, 395, 429, 580
  Bowen, D. E., 29, 166
  Bowen, H. K., 553
  Bower, J., 580
  Bower, J. L., 136
  Bowie, Carol, 330
  Bowman, Tom, 213
  Boyatzis, R., 30, 428
  Boyd, B., 487
  Boyle, Matthew, 293
  Bozek, A., 294
  Braaten, Jill, 156
  Bracker, J., 135–136
  Bradberry, T., 427
  Braddy, P., 360
  Bradsher, K., 195
  Brake, T., 459
  Branson, Richard, 61, 367, 382
  Braun, M., 550
  Breitt, Josh, 392–393
  Brennan, L., 195
  Brett, J., 197, 459
  Brett, Jeanne M., 487
  Brettel, M., 231
  Brewer, Rosalind, 14
  Brewis, K., 552
  Brewster, C., 327
  Briar, Elisabeth, 136
  Bricklin, D., 228
  Bridgman, T., 428, 581
  Brief, A., 582
  Briggs, Janette, 426
  Bright, J. E. H., 428
  Briklin, Dan, 201
  Brockner, J., 429
  Brodsky, Norm, 230
  Brodwin, D., 582
  Brookes, R., 165
  Brown, A., 358
  Brown, K., 581
  Brown, Lester, 168
  Brown, M., 165–166, 395
  Brown, T., 553
  Brownless, Robert, 489
  Bruno, V., 580
  Brush, C., 228
  Brustein, J., 72, 103
  Bryan, L., 103, 394
  Buchanan, L., 229
  Buchanan, Russ, 456
  Buchholtz, A. K., 551
  Buchko, A. A., 73
  Buck, M. L., 360
  Bucking, J. W., 329
  Buckley, C., 196
  Buckley, George, 368, 508
  Buckley, M. R., 166
  Buckley, S., 293
  Buffett, Warren, 158
  Bughin, J., 487, 551
  Bulat, Hrvoje, 551
  Bulin, L., 552
  Buller, P., 197
  Bullock, Daniel H., 197
  Bundy, J., 105
  Bunge, J., 73
  Burch, H., 395
  Burgelman, R. A., 550
  Burgers, W. P., 74
  Burkart, M., 360
  Burke, L., 488
  Burkemper, A., 228
  Burks, Jewel, 202
  Burkus, David, 457
  Burnes, B., 581
  Burns, 270
  Burns, T., 292
  Burritt, C., 583
  Bussey, J., 232
  Butcher, V., 396
  Butler, T., 488
  Butts, M. M., 429
  Buyens, D., 105
  Buyl, T., 521
  Byham, W. C., 459
  Bynum, L., 293
  Byrd, M. J., 228
  Byrnes, Brendan, 136
  Byron, K., 359, 487
  C
  Caballero, J., 395, 429
  Cackowski, D., 266
  Caesar, Julius, 364, 373
  Cain, Áine, 74
  Cain, S., 374, 394
  Caldicott, S., 396
  Callister, R. R., 459
  Cameron, K., 583
  Cameron, K. S., 74
  Cameron, S., 429
  Camp, R. C., 264
  Campbell, Ann-Marie, 339
  Campbell-Schmitt, Adam, 231
  Campion, M., 428
  Campion, M. A., 328
  Cancino, Alejandra, 393
  Candee, D., 165
  Capell, P., 196
  Cappelli, P., 486
  Caprar, D., 457
  Carbonara, Peter, 73, 292
  Cardador, M., 330
  Cardnal, A., 327
  Cardon, M., 229
  Cardwell, D., 582Name Index 613
  Carey, G., 294
  Carlson, J. R., 487
  Carmody, B., 229
  Caron, A., 459
  Carr, A., 136
  Carr, L., 328
  Carraher, S., 293
  Carranza, Anthony, 294
  Carroll, A., 153, 166
  Carson, J., 396, 458
  Carstedt, G., 167
  Carsten, M., 394
  Carton, A., 582
  Carton, A. M., 393
  Cartwright, Mary Jo, 540
  Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, 552
  Cascio, W. F., 293, 306, 553
  Case, D., 486
  Case, J., 488
  Casnocha, B., 430
  Casson, K., 155, 166
  Castro, Miguel, 463
  Catz, Safra, 337
  Cenize-Levine, C., 30
  Cerasoli, C., 428
  Ceri-Booms, M., 394
  Chakraborty, S., 457
  Chamberlin, M., 488
  Chambers, G. J., 266
  Chamorro-Premuzic, T., 395, 397
  Chan, Do Won, 339
  Chan, Priscilla, 22
  Chandler, Alfred, 275, 293
  Chang, C.-H., 429
  Charan, R., 394, 487
  Charles, Ray, 51
  Charleton, T. R., 74, 293
  Chasan, E., 167
  Chatman, J., 459
  Chatsko, Maxx, 582
  Chatzky, Jean, 292
  Chau, Samantha L., 521
  Cheatham, Benjamin, 582
  Chen, Angus, 196
  Chen, G., 456–457
  Chen, Ming-Jer, 580
  Chen, N., 459
  Chen, N. Y. F., 488
  Chen, T., 396, 458
  Chen, X., 197
  Chen, Z., 428
  Chen, Z. X., 265
  Cheng, J., 393
  Cheong, J. O., 105
  Cheramie, R., 428
  Cherin, M., 359
  Chesbrough, Henry, 552
  Chesky, Bryab, 126
  Cheung, H., 360
  Chhabra, E., 103
  Chiang, F. F. T., 488
  Chiba, D., 196
  Chilakapati, Rakesh, 81, 84
  Chiniara, M., 396
  Chiocchio, F., 487
  Chirico, R. E., 103
  Cho, Y., 522
  Choi, H., 458
  Choi, V., 74
  Chou, Jacky, 104
  Chow, C. W., 521
  Christensen, Clayton, 531, 551
  Christensen, L. J., 396
  Christian, M. S., 458
  Chrysostome, Elie, 196
  Chu, C., 487–488
  Chugh, D., 164
  Chui, M., 195, 487, 551
  Chung, J. O. Y., 165
  Chung, Q. B., 266
  Cianci, A., 427
  Cianni, M., 456, 458
  Clack, L. A., 394
  Claiborne, Monique, 292
  Clapp-Smith, R., 396
  Clark, Catherine, 496
  Clark, J., 582
  Clark, J. R., 393
  Clark, K. B., 551, 553
  Clayton, N., 552
  Cleveland, J., 327, 359
  Clifford, C., 360
  Clifford, Catherine, 31, 228
  Cline, B. N., 359
  Clinton, Bill, 177, 276
  Clough, M. William, 396
  Cobb, A., 459
  Cober, A. B., 428
  Cochran, P., 165
  Cochran, P. L., 165
  Cohen, S., 456–457
  Cohler, Matt, 22
  Cokely, E., 30
  Collins, J., 228, 396, 580, 583
  Collins, James C., 556–558
  Collins, Jim, 574–575
  Collis, D. J., 73, 136
  Colquitt, J., 429
  Coltrin, Sally A., 26–27
  Columbus, L., 228
  Colville, Waverly, 294
  Colvin, G., 30, 167, 457
  Comer, D., 165
  Comstock, T. W., 486
  Condon, S., 582
  Conerly, K., 459
  Conger, J., 329
  Conger, J. A., 369, 393, 487, 583
  Connelly, B., 330
  Conner, C., 486–487
  Conner, D. R., 581, 583
  Connley, Courtney, 166
  Connolly, T., 427
  Conrad, Diane, 520
  Conran, Rudy, 520
  Constock, T. W., 487
  Conti, R., 428
  Conway, R., 230
  Conyon, M. J., 330
  Cooch, David, 202
  Cook, Tim, 232, 524
  Cooke, B., 581
  Cooke, R. A., 165
  Coombs, W. T., 105
  Coon, H., 428
  Coons, Rebecca, 521
  Cooper, C., 185, 327, 458
  Copeland, M., 230
  Corbett, A., 294
  Corcoran, Barbara, 473
  Cordeiro, A., 230
  Cording, M., 166
  Corkery, M., 164
  Correll, S., 359
  Cortada, J. W., 29
  Cortina, J., 458
  Cosier, R., 104
  Cossin, D., 395, 429
  Cotte, June, 165
  Cotton, R., 30
  Courtney, H., 582
  Courtright, S., 457
  Cox, B., 136
  Cox, T., 359
  Coyne, K., 105
  Coyne, S., 105
  Craig, W., 105
  Crane, A., 165
  Crant, J. M., 231
  Crawford, E. R., 395
  Creech, B., 294
  Cregan, C., 359–360
  Cremades, Alejandro, 229–230
  Crisp, C. B., 459
  Crispin, G., 328
  Cronin, B., 358
  Cropanzano, R., 430
  Crosby, F. J., 360
  Crosby, P., 9
  Cross, R., 247, 457, 488
  Crowley, Mark C., 427, 430
  Cuban, Mark, 382
  Culbertson, S., 394
  Cullen, J., 164–166
  Cullen, J. B., 293
  Culpan, T., 232
  Cumming, D., 359
  Cummings, A., 428
  Cummings, L. L., 428
  Cummings, S., 428, 581
  Cummings, T., 459, 559, 581
  Curseu, P., 394
  Czarnecki, S., 521, 550
  D
  Dacin, M. T., 229
  Dacin, P., 229
  Daft, R., 487
  Dahl, M., 430
  Dahlin, K., 458
  Dahling, Jason J., 521
  Daily, C. M., 265
  Dalrymple, J., 232
  Dalton, D. R., 265
  D’Amelio, A., 581
  Damiani, Angela, 344, 359
  Dans, E., 103
  Dantes, Damanick, 358
  Dare, F., 551
  Dasborough, M., 30
  D’Aveni, R. A., 73
  Davidson, M., 346, 360
  Davidson, P., 72614 Name Index
  Davila, A., 520
  Davis, Edward W., 73
  Davis, Grant, 521
  Davis, I., 582
  Davis, K., 489
  Davis, S., 103, 266
  Davison, R., 459
  Davison, S., 456
  Day, D. L., 552
  Day, G. S., 265
  Deadrick, D., 327, 553
  Dean, J., 293
  Dean, J. W., Jr., 74, 104–105
  Deane, B. R., 359
  De Castro, Al., 429
  DeChurch, L. A., 458, 486
  Deci, E., 429
  Decker, C. D., 487
  De Cremer, D., 429
  De Dreu, C., 104
  De George, R. T., 165
  DeGraff, Jeff, 552
  Dehaze, Alain, 62
  Deimler, M., 580
  de Janasz, Suzanne, 26
  de Jong, M., 105
  DeJoy, D. M., 429
  Dekas, K., 29
  Delaney, Hollie, 361
  De Lea, B., 195
  Delmas, M., 166
  DeMers, J., 487
  Deming, W. Edwards, 9, 29, 280–281, 554
  Denisi, A., 327, 488
  Denison, D. R., 74
  Denning, S., 107
  Dent, E. B., 581
  DeRue, D. S., 293, 397, 457–458
  Dess, G. G., 231
  Dessibourg-Freer, N., 580
  Dessler, A., 74
  DeStobbeleir, K., 105
  DeSue, Tedra, 28
  Devers, C., 330
  De Vries, T., 459
  Dewan, R., 552
  Dewar, C., 582
  de Weerd Nederhof, P. C., 266
  de Wit, F. R. C., 459
  Dewnarain, S., 293
  Dhanani, L., 359
  Dhillon, K., 195
  Dhiraj, Amarendra Bhushan, 31
  Diamond, Justin, 392–393
  Diaz-Uda, A., 359
  Dickson, M., 486
  Diener, E., 430
  Dienhart, J., 165
  Difonzo, N., 489
  Dimitratos, P., 231
  Dimock, M., 29
  Dinlersoz, E., 228
  D’Innocenzo, L., 396
  Dionne, S., 395
  Dlouhy, J., 105
  Do, B., 581–582
  Dobbin, Frank, 429
  Dobbs, R., 328, 551
  Doerr, E., 293
  Doiron, K., 30
  Donahue, L., 456
  Donahue, Mark, 430
  Donahue, R., 457
  Donald, Arnold, 339
  Donnelly, J., Jr., 79
  Donovan, A., 520
  Dooley, R., 104
  Doppelt, B., 29, 167
  Dorfman, P., 395
  Dormehl, L., 195
  Dorsey, Jason, 570
  Dou, E., 232
  Douma, B., 427
  Dowd, Karen O., 26
  Doyle, A., 359
  Doz, Y., 581
  Drach-Zahavy, A., 456
  Dragija, Martina, 521
  Drake, N., 136
  Drayton, Bill, 29–30
  Dreiling, Richard, 583
  Driver, M., 229
  Driver, Saige, 328
  Drnovsek, M., 229
  Droge, C., 265
  Drouin, M., 486
  Drucker, P. F., 230
  Drucker, Peter, 31, 42, 214
  Druskat, V. U., 458, 521
  Duffy, M., 458–459
  Dulebohn, J., 327–328, 396, 456
  Dumay, J., 522
  Dunfee, T., 164
  Dunn, Catherine, 397
  Durham, C., 458
  Durson, Laura E., 393
  Dutton, J., 30, 105, 583
  Dwertmann, D., 395
  Dwilson, Stephanie, 393
  Dyer, L., 292
  E
  Earley, P. C, 427, 456, 487
  Eastman, L. J., 293
  Ebben, P., 487
  Eckes, G., 522
  Economides, M. I., 551
  Economy, P., 487
  Edinger, S., 457
  Edison, Thomas, 94
  Edmans, A., 430
  Edmondson, A. C., 456–457
  Edwards, M., 329
  Egan, M., 74, 164, 195
  Eiferman, Omar, 552
  Einstein, Albert, 94
  Eisenberg, B., 358
  Eisenhardt, K., 105, 456
  Eisenhardt, Kathleen M., 552
  Eisenstat, R., 581
  Eisenstat, R. A., 130, 137
  Eisenstein, P., 167
  Ek, Daniel, 202, 383
  Ekegren, G., 427
  Elahi, A., 328
  Elias, Jennifer, 196
  Elliott-McCrea, Kellan, 360
  Elliott-Miller, P., 265
  Ellis, A. P. J., 458
  Ellis, K. M., 265
  Ellis, Tim, 547
  Ellison, Lawrence, 563
  Ellison, Marvin, 339
  Ellram, L., 195
  Ellwardt, L., 488
  Elsbach, K. D., 553
  Elsesser, Kim, 429, 456
  Ely, R. J., 360
  Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 398
  Engel, A., 29
  Engelen, A. A., 231
  Epitropaki, O., 396
  Erdogan, B., 104, 430
  Erez, A., 395
  Erez, M., 458
  Erickson, T., 456
  Ericsson, A., 30
  Eriksson, D., 195
  Erlanger, S., 195
  Ernst, H., 459
  Erskine, R., 486
  Ertug, G., 30
  Erwin, D., 581
  Esenhardt, K. M.
  Essens, P., 459
  Esty, D., 167
  Etternson, R., 167
  Ettkin, L. P., 294
  Ettlie, J. E., 294
  Etzion, D., 166
  Eure, J., 521
  Eva, N., 396, 457
  Evans, J. R., 294
  Evans, P., 73, 581
  Evans, R., 103–104
  Evanschitzky, Heiner, 429
  Ewen, A. J., 329
  F
  Fahrbach, K., 522
  Fainshmidt, S., 457
  Fairesrt, 581
  Fairlie, R., 228
  Falbe, C., 394
  Faleye, O., 264
  Falkenberg-Hull, E., 196
  Fallon, N., 487
  Fallon, Nicole, 486
  Fanelli, A., 395, 429
  Fang, M., 329, 428
  Farh, J. L., 457, 459
  Farmer, S., 105
  Farnen, Karen, 197
  Farnham, A., 486
  Farr, Christina, 31, 520
  Farrell, C., 293
  Farrell, D., 103
  Farre-Mensa, J., 521
  Fauchart, E., 229
  Fay, C., 330
  Fayol, Henri, 35
  Feffer, M., 522Name Index 615
  Feiner, L., 28
  Fellermanns, F., 105
  Fellows, S., 105
  Feloni, Richard, 237
  Feng, J., 228–229
  Fenn, D., 228
  Fenwick, M. S., 521
  Ferdman, B. M., 359
  Ferguson, E., 328
  Ferguson, J. G., 36
  Fernandes, T., 457
  Fernandez, H., 487
  Ferndale, Elaine, 196
  Ferner, A., 266, 521
  Ferrari, Bernard, 472, 488
  Ferraro, G., 487–488
  Ferrazzi, K., 487
  Ferrazzi, Keith, 197
  Ferrell, O. C., 164, 166
  Ferri-Reed, J., 457
  Ferris, R., 329
  Ferris, T., 458
  Ferry, Korn, 360
  Field, A., 486
  Field, H., 329
  Field, J., 457
  Fieldler, F. E., 395
  Fields, D. A., 552
  Filbin, Bob, 488
  Finegold, D., 428
  Fink, C., 72
  Finkelstein, S., 105, 230, 265
  Finley, K., 103
  Fischer, Michael S., 165
  Fisher, A., 428
  Fisher, L., 107
  Fisher, R., 427
  Fisher, S., 103
  Fitch, P., 393
  Flammer, C., 166
  Fleishman, E., 394
  Fleishman, G., 166
  Fleming, P., 166
  Florin, J., 230
  Floyd, S., 30
  Floyd, S. W., 136
  Flynn, B. B., 266
  Flynn, F., 459, 486
  Flynn, G., 330
  Foley, H., 230
  Folger, R., 429
  Folkman, Joseph, 360
  Follet, Mary Parker, 35
  Folz, C., 486
  Foran, Greg, 274
  Forbes, M., 487
  Forbes, P., 458
  Ford, C. M., 428
  Ford, Henry, 34, 62, 79, 126
  Ford, J. D., 581
  Ford, L., 360
  Ford, L. W., 581
  Ford, M., 428, 430
  Ford, R. C., 266
  Forgrieve, J., 73
  Forrester, R., 265, 429
  Fort, T., 166
  Foster, W., 581
  Foti, R., 394
  Fourne, J., 292
  Fowler, Mark, 561
  Fowler, Susan, 88, 104
  Fox, Chastity, 292
  Fox, Mei Mei, 359
  Fraedrich, J., 164, 166
  Frakt, A., 551–552
  Francis, Enjoli, 428
  Francis, S. C., 264
  Francis, T., 427
  Francoeur, C., 359
  Frank, K. A., 522
  Frankel, Barbara, 166
  Franklin, Alyssia, 163–164
  Franklin, R., 228
  Frazier, Kenneth, 339, 365, 369, 389, 537
  Frazier, M., 457
  Fredrickson, J. W., 136
  Freeman, Laura, 521
  Freeman, M., 429
  Freeman, R. Edward, 136
  Freeman, S., 72
  Freeman, S. J., 293, 306
  French, J. R. P., 372, 394
  Frenkel, Sheera, 30
  Freshley, D. L., 474, 487
  Fried, Jason, 213
  Fried, Limor, 204, 228
  Friedman, Milton, 154
  Friedman, Zack, 266
  Frimor, H., 265
  Frost, P., 105
  Fry, E., 265
  Fry, R., 29
  Fuchs, P. H., 522
  Fugate, M., 580
  Fulk, J., 487
  Fuller, T., 488
  Fung, B., 166
  Furst, S., 457
  Fyxell, G., 104
  G
  Gabarro, J., 488
  Gabrielsson, M., 231
  Gadiesh, O., 581
  Gagne, M., 429
  Gaines, A., 397
  Galan, Nely, 207, 229
  Galbraith, J., 265–266, 456
  Galinsky, A., 165, 373
  Gallagher, M., 330
  Gallo, A., 165
  Galunic, C., 30
  Galvin, B., 395
  Gamache, D., 330
  Gambeta, J. Y., 103
  Gamble, James, 36
  Gamer, D., 230
  Gamm, L., 582
  Gandhi, Mahatma, 156, 374
  Gangloff, K., 164
  Ganguly, Rahul, 520
  Gantt, Henry, 34
  Garbers, Y., 458
  Garbrielsson, P., 231
  Garbuio, M., 105
  Garcia, Ahiza, 164
  Garcia, Tonya, 294
  Gardner, J., 394, 488
  Gardner, M., 486
  Gardner, N., 327
  Gardner, W., 396
  Gargiuli, M., 30
  Garlick, Saul, 80
  Garman, 581
  Garr, Stacia, 521
  Garvin, D. A., 29, 104
  Gassam, Janice, 521
  Gassam, Janis, 358
  Gates, B., 582
  Gates, Bill, 569
  Gatewood, R., 329
  Gebert, Diether, 359
  Gee, G., 429
  Gehlen, F. L., 103
  Geier, B., 74
  Geiger, Daniel, 196
  Gelfand, M., 74
  Geller, M., 73
  Gelles, D., 30, 107
  Gelles, David, 360, 521
  Genig, Hannah, 266
  George, B., 166
  George, G., 167, 197, 231
  Geraghty, Joanna, 11
  Gerber, Scott, 74
  Gerdeman, D., 30
  Gerdeman, Dina, 581
  Gerhardt, M., 394
  Gerhart, B., 329, 428
  Germain, R., 265
  Geroski, P. A., 551–552
  Gersick, C. J. G., 457
  Gerstner, Louis, 384
  Gertz, G., 195
  Gerwitz, J. L., 165
  Gettys, C., 103
  Ghoshal, S., 73, 266, 427, 430
  Giacalone, R., 166
  Giang, V., 136
  Gibbs, M., 264
  Gibson, C., 197, 456–457, 580
  Gibson, C. B., 456
  Gibson, J., 79
  Gibson, L., 457
  Giffi, C., 580
  Gilbert, C., 34
  Gilbert, C. G., 136
  Gilbert, J., 581
  Gilbert, J. A., 360
  Gilbreth, Frank, 34
  Gilbreth, Lillian, 34
  Gillett, R., 458, 487
  Gilliland, S., 429
  Gilmont, E. R., 293
  Gilmore, J. H., 294
  Gilson, L., 429, 456–457
  Gino, F., 165, 394, 488
  Gioia, D., 394
  Giorgi, S., 74
  Gladwell, Malcolm, 257
  Glater, J. D., 330
  Glavas, A., 166616 Name Index
  Globe, D., 360
  Glover, S., 165
  Glover, S. L., 141
  Glueck, William F., 26–27
  Glunk, U., 30
  Glynn, M., 74
  Gnyawali, D. R., 74, 293
  Godrey, P., 166
  Goel, V., 28
  Goldberg, E., 196
  Goldberg, S. Galloway, 581
  Goldman, D., 360
  Goldman, J., 265
  Goleman, D., 394
  Gonzalez, Oscar, 266
  González-Navarro, P., 486
  Goodheim, L., 395
  Goodman, Tim, 72
  Goodney, Chris, 299
  Goodnight, James, 399, 408, 421
  Goodson, E., 488
  Goomas, David T., 521
  Gopalakrishnan, S., 551
  Gordon, Judith R., 27, 102
  Gordon, S., 74
  Gore, W. L., 410, 428
  Gorman, C., 73
  Gorscurth, C., 74
  Goshal, S., 30
  Goudreau, J., 396, 486
  Gowan, J. A., Jr., 522
  Gradwhol Smith, W., 395
  Graebner, Melissa E., 552
  Grafton, L., 457
  Graham, Cat, 266
  Graham, G., 488
  Graham, Jefferson, 105
  Grandori, A., 522
  Grant, A., 394, 458
  Grant, A. M., 395
  Grant, B., 330
  Grant, S., 458
  Gratton, L., 456
  Gratton, Lynda, 457
  Green, D., 29
  Green, S., 28
  Green, Stephen G., 553
  Greenbaum, R., 396
  Greenberg, E., 428, 430
  Greenfield, A., 29
  Greenfield, R., 105, 328, 362
  Greening, D., 166
  Greenleaf, Robert K., 385, 396
  Greer, L., 459
  Greer, Lindred, 104
  Griffith, Terri L., 553
  Grimaldi, E., 394
  Grimes, M., 229
  Groening, Christopher, 429
  Gross, A., 72–73
  Gross, S., 329
  Grosser, T., 488
  Grote, D., 329
  Grote, G., 430
  Grothaus, M., 195
  Grother, P., 551
  Grover, S. L., 164
  Gruber, M., 229
  Grunberg, L., 430
  Gryta, T., 427
  Guarraia, P., 294
  Guerci, M., 359
  Guest, D., 430
  Guilhon, B., 551
  Guion, Kathleen, 583–584
  Gulate, R., 581
  Gulati, R., 293, 583
  Guler, I., 428
  Gundry, L. K., 552
  Gunther, M., 167
  Guo, C., 30
  Gupta, A., 293
  Gupta, K., 30
  Gupta, V., 231
  Gurchiek, K., 362
  Gurtner, S., 552
  Gustafson, K., 29
  Gutknecht, J., 488
  Gutman, M., 488
  Guy, M. E., 164
  Guynn, Jessica, 137
  Guzzo, R., 582
  Gwin, M., 521
  H
  Ha, A., 104
  Haanaes, K., 167
  Hackman, J. R., 428, 430, 456–458
  Hackman, J. Richard, 413–415
  Hagan, C., 329
  Hage, J., 293
  Hagedoorn, J., 552
  Hagen, A. F., 73
  Hagiwara, Y., 551
  Haidt, J., 430
  Hakonen, M., 456
  Hale, J., 165
  Hales, M., 580
  Hall, D. T., 30, 488
  Hallen, B., 230
  Hall-Merenda, K. E., 395
  Hallowel, E., 487
  Halverson, K. C., 395
  Hambrick, D., 456
  Hambrick, D. C., 136
  Hamel, G., 292, 582–583
  Hamel, Gary, 551
  Hamilton, A., 164
  Hamilton, Isobel Asher, 74
  Hamilton, J., 165
  Hamilton, Lynn, 470
  Hammond, M., 396
  Handmaker, David, 125
  Handrick, L., 458
  Handy, C., 165–166
  Haney, W. V., 486
  Hannah, S., 165
  Hansen, Morten T., 29
  Hanson, F., 396
  Hao, Karen, 31
  Hara, K., 265
  Harbert, T., 488
  Hardy, K., 136
  Harkins, S., 104
  Harlow, Poppy, 228
  Harmon, S., 458
  Harper, Stephen C., 521
  Harrington, B., 487
  Harrington, R., 393
  Harris, E., 394
  Harris, R., 582
  Harris, Russell, 135
  Harris, Vanessa, 135
  Harrison, D., 165
  Harrison, D. A., 265, 360
  Harrison, David A., 358
  Harrison, J. Kline, 396
  Harrison, J. S., 136
  Harrison, Scott, 206
  Hart, S. L., 29, 167
  Harter, J., 252, 429
  Harter, J. K., 430
  Hartley, D. E., 328
  Hartman, N. S., 397
  Hartung, A., 104
  Hartwick, J., 582
  Harvey, S., 105
  Harwell, Drew, 30
  Harzing, A. W., 196
  Hassan, F., 28
  Hasson, R., 458
  Hastings, Reed, 384
  Hathaway, I., 229
  Hauenstein, N. M. A., 394
  Hausler, Elizabeth, 385
  Hayek, M., 293
  Hayes, T., 429
  Haynes, K. T., 330
  Heaphy, E., 30
  Heath, A., 202, 552
  Heathfield, S., 429
  Heaton, S., 292
  Hedlund, Marc, 349
  Heggeness, M., 358
  Heidrich, 471
  Heijltjes, M., 30
  Heine, C., 29
  Helfat, C., 292
  Helletofth, P., 195
  Hellofs, L. L., 293
  Helms, M. M., 294
  Hembree, D., 330
  Hempel, Jessi, 137
  Henderson, A., 396
  Hendricks, Ken, 211
  Heneman, H. G., III, 328
  Henne, D., 429
  Henning, E., 137
  Henning, P., 72
  Henry, L. A., 521
  Henshaw, Todd, 521
  Heogl, M., 459
  Hernandez, E., 486
  Hernandez, M., 166
  Herrmann, Pol, 196
  Herron, M., 428
  Hersey, P., 395
  Herzberg, F., 428
  Herzberg, Frederick, 413
  Hesketh, B., 328
  Hess, A., 30
  Hessels, J., 228
  Hewson, Marillyn, 337Name Index 617
  Hickey, K., 230
  Hickey, Kit, 213
  Higgins, E. T., 458
  Higgins, Tim, 550, 552
  Hill, G. W., 104
  Hill, L. A., 30, 583
  Hill, N., 456, 486
  Hille, K., 196
  Hiltrop, J.-M., 328
  Hinchcliffe, D., 28
  Hinchliffe, Emma, 230
  Hindo, 521
  Hinds, P., 458
  Hipskind, M., 457
  Hira, N. A., 359
  Hisrich, R., 215
  Hisrich, R. D., 230
  Hitt, M. A., 228, 292, 394
  Hitt, M. B., 306
  Hmieleski, K., 228
  Ho, Renyung, 488
  Hoch, J., 396
  Hochman, G., 329
  Hock, Dee, 236
  Hock, J., 456
  Hodgetts, R. M., 489
  Hodgkinson, G. P., 104
  Hoegl, M., 457
  Hoekstra, J., 581
  Hoever, I., 457, 459
  Hoffman, R., 430
  Hoffman, R. C., 329
  Hofmann, D., 394
  Hofstede, G., 197
  Hogg, M., 396, 459
  Hoitash, R., 264
  Hoitash, U., 264
  Hollenbeck, G. P., 293, 488
  Hollenbeck, J., 327, 456–459
  Holliday, C., 167
  Holloway, C. A., 553
  Holt, M., 459
  Holusha, J., 97, 105
  Homan, Astrid, 104
  Hopkins, M., 488
  Hopp, A., 487
  Hoque, Z., 522
  Horowitz, Sara., 359
  Hoskisson, A. F., 103
  Hosmer, L. T., 150
  House, R., 394–395
  House, R. J., 395
  House, Robert, 380
  Hout, T. M., 294
  Howard, C., 202
  Howard, E., 293
  Howard-Grenville, J., 167
  Howell, J., 395
  Howell, J. M., 395
  Howell, P., 73
  Howell, R. J., 395
  Howland, Daphne, 74, 293
  Howser, Brad, 392–393
  Hsieh, Tony, 106–107, 201, 217, 228, 361
  Hsu, S. H., 165
  Huang, J., 165
  Huang, Joanna C., 520
  Huang, L., 230
  Huang, Ryan, 522
  Huang, V. Z., 229
  Huber, V. L., 329
  Huffington, Ariana, 88
  Hughes, J., 275
  Hummel, E., 293
  Humphrey, S., 457–458
  Humpton, Barbara, 576
  Hunt, J. G., 395
  Hunt, Vivian, 72
  Hunter, J. E., 330
  Huntley, David, 339
  Hurtado-Torres, N., 165–166
  Huseman, R. C., 474, 487
  Huspeni, A., 230
  Hutton, A., 488
  Huy, Q. Nguyen, 30, 581
  Huynh, E., 488
  I
  Iannone, Jamie, 294
  Ibarra, Herminia, 29
  Ifeanyi, KC, 489
  Iger, Robert, 114, 131
  Ignatius, Adi, 393–394, 397
  Ilgen, D., 293, 458
  Ilies, R., 394
  Imai, M., 551
  Immelt, J., 28
  Ingols, C., 230–231
  Ingram, A., 580
  Inkson, K., 30
  Invancevich, J. M., 360
  Inverso, E., 202
  Ireland, R. D., 228, 292–293, 394
  Irwin, Richard D., 39
  Isaac, Mike, 28, 30, 103–104
  Isidore, Chris, 28, 195, 265
  Islam, S., 522
  Isumi, H., 457
  Iverson, R., 429
  Iyengar, R., 195
  J
  Jackman, J., 428
  Jackson, D., 166
  Jackson, Michael, 51
  Jacobson, R., 293
  James, David, 443
  James, Geoffrey, 137
  James, L., 395
  James, T., 164
  Jamieson, B., 327
  Janis, I., 104
  Jannarone, J., 583
  Jansen, J., 292
  Jansen, R. J. G., 521
  Janson, R., 428
  Jaramillo, Santiago, 429
  Jarilowski, Chaire Stephen, 196
  Jarvenpaa, S., 459
  Jarzemsky, M., 583
  Jassawalla, A., 458
  Jauch, Lawrence R., 26–27
  Javanmardian, Kia, 582
  Javers, Eamon, 165
  Jeffrey, A., 73
  Jehiel, P., 243
  Jehn, K. A., 360, 458–459
  Jena, A., 458
  Jenning, P., 488
  Jennings, J., 228
  Jensen, J., 394
  Jensen, Victoria, 580
  Jeong, S. H., 265, 360
  Jepsen, Mike, 358
  Jernigan, I. E., 486
  Jesella, K., 359
  Jick, T., 488–489
  Jing, B., 552
  Jobs, Steve, 244, 382
  Johannsen, Scarlet, 169
  Johns, T., 264
  Johns, Tammy, 457
  Johnson, Abigail, 337
  Johnson, D. E., 395
  Johnson, G., 581
  Johnson, J. L., 293
  Johnson, L. K., 329
  Johnson, M., 293, 457, 458, 551
  Johnson, Madeleine
  Johnson, Monique, 357–358
  Johnson, R., 488, 553
  Jones, B., 29
  Jones, K., 360, 429
  Jones, L., 396
  Jones, T., 166
  Jordan, G., 293
  Jordan, Jennifer, 397
  Jordan, Michael, 349
  Josefy, M., 166, 293
  Joseph, C., 229
  Joseph, D., 359
  Joshi, A., 358
  Joshi, Aparna, 360
  Joshi, M., 165
  Jourdan, J., 164
  Joyce, W., 265, 580
  Joyce, W. F., 553
  Judge, T., 328, 394, 427
  Judge, T. A., 580
  Juetten, M., 230
  Junco, E., 328
  Jundt, D., 293, 457–458
  Jung, D. I., 395
  Junni, P., 30, 580
  Juran, J. M., 9
  Jurevicius, Ovidijus, 73
  Jurgens, J., 167
  Jusko, J., 294
  K
  Kacperczyk, A. J., 230
  Kadlec, Dan, 20
  Kaeser, Joe, 576, 583
  Kagermann, H., 551
  Kahn, L., 330
  Kahn, R. L., 427
  Kahn, W., 105
  Kahn, W. A., 429
  Kahneman, D., 86, 104, 430
  Kahwajy, J., 105618 Name Index
  Kaizen, G., 551
  Kalanick, Travis, 4, 77, 88, 98, 103–104
  Kalb, I., 265
  Kale, P., 293
  Kalev, Alexandra, 429
  Kammeyer-Mueller, J., 165, 328
  Kan, M., 232
  Kang, H. Y., 196
  Kang, S. C., 266, 552
  Kanov, J., 105
  Kanter, R. M., 230–231, 293, 580, 582
  Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, 367
  Kaplan, D., 294
  Kaplan, Gary S., 521
  Kaplan, J., 73, 328
  Kaplan, R., 103, 105, 117, 136, 487
  Kaplan, R. S., 512, 522
  Karam, D., 457
  Karam, E., 457
  Kaskey, J., 167
  Kastrenakes, Jacob, 74
  Kato, Y., 521
  Katz, D., 427
  Katz, Lee Michael, 522
  Katz, R., 30
  Katzenbach, J., 457–458
  Kavilanz, P., 294
  Keane, S., 232
  Kearney, A. T., 580
  Kearney, Eric, 359
  Kearns, E. C., 330
  Kehlani, 480
  Kejriwal, S., 487
  Kellar, S., 582
  Kelleher, Herb, 65
  Keller, J., 580
  Keller, R. T., 459
  Keller, S., 581
  Kellerman, B., 393, 396
  Kelloway, E. K., 429
  Kelly, Aidan, 197
  Kelly, C., 229, 580
  Kelly, R. E., 394
  Kemper, A., 167
  Kennedy, John F., 20, 382–383
  Kenny, D., 394
  Kent, Sarah, 581
  Kern, M. C., 197
  Kerns, Jeff, 136
  Kerr, S., 395, 427, 488–489
  Kerschberg, B., 293
  Kessler, E. H., 551–552
  Kettering, Charles, 554
  Keyes, C. L. M., 430
  Keys, J. B., 488
  Keyton, J., 488
  Khan, N., 552
  Khanna, R., 428
  Kharpal, Arjun, 195, 197
  Khilji, S., 327
  Khosrowshahi, Dara, 4, 98
  Kickul, J. R., 552
  Kilduff, G., 165
  Kiley, D., 29
  Kilmann, H., 74
  Kim, C., 105
  Kim, E., 104
  Kim, J., 459, 582
  Kim, K., 166
  Kim, M., 166
  Kim, Peter H., 487
  Kim, T., 459
  Kim, Tae-Yeol, 358
  Kim, W. C., 429
  Kim, Y. H., 197
  Kinetz, Erika, 195
  King, K., 265
  King, Martin Luther, Jr., 383
  Kinicki, A., 39, 580
  Kirkeby, S., 457
  Kirkland, J., 582
  Kirkman, B., 197, 456–457
  Kirkman, B. L., 458
  Kirkpatrick, S., 393–394
  Kirman, B. L., 458
  Kirsch, D., 292
  Klein, D., 521
  Klein, K., 234
  Klein, Katherine J., 358
  Kleingeld, A., 427, 458
  Klibanoff, Eleanor, 196
  Klich, T., 294
  Klimoski, R., 456
  Kline, D., 73, 293
  Kline, Daniel B., 28, 229, 231
  Klinger, R., 457
  Knight, A., 230
  Knight, D., 458
  Knott, Andrew, 30
  Kobold, Michael, 276
  Koehl, Claude, 104
  Koehler, J., 488
  Koerner, M. M., 396
  Kohlberg, L., 165
  Kohls, J., 197
  Kolhatkar, Sheelah, 105
  Kolodny, H., 266, 329
  Kolodny, Lora, 164, 230
  Kondo, M., 459
  Konopaske, R., 79, 329
  Konrad, A., 228, 327
  Konradt, U., 458
  Koo, Mee-Hyoe, 29–30
  Koob, J., 74
  Kopytoff, Verne, 487
  Korda, M., 487
  Koren, T., 429
  Korn, M., 553
  Kornack, Kyle, 202
  Korten, D. C., 166
  Kotter, J., 582
  Kotter, J. P., 394, 581–583
  Kotter, John P., 564, 566–568
  Kouzes, J., 396, 488
  Kouzes, James, 366–367, 393
  Kozan, Kayla, 521
  Kramer, Angelique, 552
  Kramer, Jillian, 328
  Kramer, M., 229, 583
  Kranz, Gene, 98
  Krauss, C., 582
  Kräussl, R, 581
  Krazit, T., 552
  Kreissl, B., 359
  Kreitner, R., 427
  Krejcova, Michaela, 393
  Krell, E., 252
  Krietner, R., 39
  Krishnamurthy, Deepak, 230
  Krishnan, T. T., 327
  Kroeger, A., 30
  Kroos, H., 34
  Kross, E., 30
  Kryscynski, D., 327
  Kuban, S., 293
  Kucera, Danielle, 73
  Kuczmarski, T., 552
  Kudel, Ian, 520
  Kuenzi, M., 396
  Kukenberger, M., 396
  Kulik, C., 359–360
  Kundra, J. T., 264
  Kurland, N. B., 488
  Kurtines, W. M., 165
  Kurtzberg, T., 486–487
  Kuvaas, Baard, 521
  Kwon, S., 31
  Kynighou, A., 293
  L
  Labelle, R., ó 359
  Labianca, G., 488
  Lacerenze, C., 486
  Laczniak, G., 165
  Ladd, B., 29
  Ladd, Julie, 212
  Laffoley, T., 581
  Lafley, A. G., 115, 136
  LaGanke, J., 486
  Lagerstrom, K., 456
  Lagges, J., 265
  Lahiri, S., 457
  Lai, Y., 327
  Lam, S. S. K., 486
  Lamare, J., 330
  Lambert, Fred, 266
  Lamont, B. T., 265
  Lando, M. A., 522
  Lane, P. J., 136
  Langa, G., 486
  Lange, J. E., 229
  Langfred, C., 457
  Lanivich, S., 328
  Lansing, Sherry, 207
  Lanzolla, G., 137
  Lao, X., 28
  LaPort, K., 396, 458
  Larcker, D., 265, 488
  LaReau, J., 396
  Larrick, R., 488
  Larson, E., 103–104
  Larson, L. L., 395
  Laschinger, H., 265
  Lash, R., 252
  Lashinsky, Adam, 29, 395
  Latane, B., 104
  Latham, G., 329, 427
  Latham, G. P., 427
  Latham, S., 550
  Lau, R., 459
  Laubacher, R., 264
  Laundauer, S., 427
  Laurent, A., 581Name Index 619
  Laval, Zac, 230
  Lavoie, Johanne, 397
  Lawler, E. E., III, 265–266, 293, 393, 427–430,
  456–458, 521–522, 581–583
  Lawrence, P., 238–239, 264, 266
  Layton, Hunt D., 265
  Lazarova, Mila, 196
  Lazarus, D., 551
  Lazenby, J., 428
  Leaf, Clifton, 394
  Leana, C. F., 581
  Leavitt, K., 164
  LeBreton, J., 394
  Le Breton-Miller, I., 582
  Lechner, C., 105
  Ledford, G. E., 293
  Lee, April, 358
  Lee, Bo Young, 98
  Lee, C., 459
  Lee, H. L., 73, 293
  Lee, M., 265
  Lee, M. D., 360
  Lee, Peter, 456
  Lee, T., 429
  Legere, John, 465
  Lei, D., 74, 583
  Leifer, R., 551
  Lencioni, P., 459
  Lengel, R., 487
  Lengnick-Hall, C., 29
  Lengnick-Hall, M., 29
  Lengnick-Hall, M. L., 360
  Leonard, D., 552
  Leonard, H., 580
  Leon-Perez, J., 459
  Lepak, D., 30
  Lepine, J., 488
  LePine, M. A., 395
  Leskin, P., 105
  Lesser, E., 488
  Leswing, K., 164
  Leung, T. Y., 359
  Levin, D., 488
  Levine, J. M., 458
  Levinson, Marc, 72
  Levinthal, D., 265
  Levitin, D., 427
  Levy, Steven, 552
  Lewin, D., 330
  Lewin, Kurt, 581
  Li, C., 74
  Li, D., 228
  Li, Ming, 197
  Liak, T., 167
  Liakopoulos, Andrew, 521
  Liang, Lim Yan, 197
  Liao, B., 456
  Liao, C., 396
  Lichtenhaler, Ulrich, 552
  Liden, R., 104, 396
  Liden, R. C., 429
  Liedtka, J., 553
  Liedtka, Jeanne, 545
  Lifei, Z., 232
  Light, J., 328
  Liker, J. K., 294
  Likert, R., 394
  Lilius, J., 105
  Linder, C., 521
  Lindorff, D., 486
  Lindsay, W. M., 294
  Ling, Y., 231, 395
  Link, A. N., 552
  Lippitt, R., 394
  Litchfield, R. C., 427
  Liu, D., 429
  Liu, Y., 360
  Ljung, Alexander, 461
  Llopis, G., 103, 393
  Lloyd, S., 265
  Llvne-Tarandach, R., 30
  Locke, E., 394, 427, 429, 458
  Locke, E. A., 30, 229, 393
  Lockwood, C., 74
  Loeffert, Tom, 551
  Loftus, P., 521
  Loftus, Peter, 393
  Logan, Gordon, 219
  Logue, C. M., 474, 487
  Lohr, S., 427
  Lohr, Steve, 164
  Lombardo, M., 487
  Longenecker, C. O., 459
  Lopez, Nina, 194
  Lopez-Kidwell, V., 488
  Lord, R. G., 395
  Lorinkova, N., 429, 457
  Lorsch, J., 238–239, 264
  Lott, A., 458
  Lott, B., 458
  Loughry, M., 312, 329
  Lovallo, D., 105
  Loveday, S., 196
  Low, M., 229
  Lowe, K., 197, 394
  Lu, D. J., 293
  Lu, Y., 428
  Lubatkin, M., 230–231, 395
  Lublin, J. S., 196
  Lublin, Joann S., 104
  Lucas, A., 73
  Luccock, Halford, E., 432
  Ludgate, Kristen, 147
  Ludwig, Timothy D., 521
  Luk, L., 551
  Lukas, B. A., 196
  Lukaszewski, K., 553
  Lumpkin, G., 229
  Lumpkin, G. T., 231
  Luo, X. R., 29
  Luo, Y., 197
  Lussier, R., 209
  Luthans, F., 396, 427
  Lutilsky, Ivana Drazic, 521
  Lynch, J., 165
  M
  Ma, J., 551
  Ma, Jack, 169, 181
  Maak, Thomas, 197
  Macadam, S., 488
  MacDermid, S. M., 360
  Macdonell, Robby, 487
  Mace, M., 456
  Macey, W., 429
  MacKechnie, C., 551
  Mackey, A., 396
  Mackey, John, 433, 452
  MacLean, T., 457
  Macomber, J., 582
  Macy, B., 457
  Maddux, William W., 487
  Madison, Adam, 427
  Madjar, N., 428
  Magasin, M., 103
  Mahajan, S., 487
  Maher, K., 393
  Mahoney, J. D., 186, 196
  Maidique, M. A., 550
  Maier, N. R. F., 104
  Maignan, I., 196
  Mainwaring, Simon, 73
  Mair, J., 229, 580
  Maishe, A., 458
  Majchrzak, A., 436
  Makhani, Sanya, 396
  Makridakis, S., 73
  Maldegen, R., 328
  Malhotra, A., 436
  Malone, Post, 480
  Malone, T., 264
  Malouf, A., 74
  Mandel, E., 73
  Mandela, Nelson, 373
  Mann, Jennifer, 421
  Mann, L., 104
  Mann, T., 137
  Manning, T., 394
  Mannix, E., 458
  Mannucci, P. V., 105
  Manyika, J., 195, 328, 487, 551
  Manz, C., 394
  March, J., 103
  March, J. G., 266, 552
  Marchington, M., 293, 328, 428
  Marcus, A., 165–166
  Marcus, Bonnie, 359
  Marcus, J., 72–73
  Marie, Carley, 489
  Markman, G. D., 230
  Marks, M., 28, 457
  Marler, J., 327
  Marlow, S., 486
  Marquis, C., 28–29
  Marr, B., 551, 573
  Marr, Bernard, 582
  Marriott, Bill, 478
  Marriott, J. Willard, 203
  Marriott, William, 127
  Marrone, J., 396, 458
  Marrone, J. A., 459
  Marrs, A., 551
  Marston, N., 105
  Marte, J., 330
  Marti, I., 229
  Martin, A., 265
  Martin, C., 167
  Martin, C. F., 127
  Martin, J., 292, 456
  Martin, K., 164
  Martin, R., 167, 394
  Martin, Roger, 115, 136
  Martineau, Paris, 230620 Name Index
  Martinez-Moreno, E., 486
  Marx, G., 166
  Mas, A., 458
  Mascia, K., 487
  Maslow, Abraham, 409, 428
  Mason, A., 29
  Massey, A., 459
  Massingham, P. R., 522
  Massingham, R., 522
  Matear, M., 229
  Mathias, B., 228
  Mathies, D., 103
  Mathieson, R., 195
  Mathieu, J., 396, 429, 457
  Mathieu, R. G., 522
  Mathur, A., 328
  Matlett, T., 429
  Matousek, M., 395
  Matousek, Mark, 552
  Matson, E., 394
  Matten, D., 166
  Matthews, G., 265
  Mattioli, D., 393
  Matusak, L. R., 393, 396
  Mauborgne, R., 429
  Mavondo, F., 293
  Maxim, J., 582
  May, D., 165
  May, M., 428
  Mayer, D. M., 396
  Mayer, Marissa, 87
  Maynard, M. T., 429, 457
  Mayo, Elton, 35–36
  Mayrhofer, W., 327
  Mays, K., 195
  McBride, S., 456
  McCall, M., 103, 105, 397, 487
  McCall, M. W., 186, 196
  McCanse, Anne Adams, 377
  McCaskey, M. B., 487
  McCauley, C. D., 397
  McClelland, D., 428
  McClendon, J. A., 330
  McClesky, J., 30
  McCollum, J. K., 266
  McCormack, M., 486
  McCracken, M., 521
  McCracken, Mike, 501
  McCullen, P., 294
  McDermott, C. M., 551
  McDonald, J., 195
  McDonough, Megan, 167
  McDowell, T., 265, 456
  McFarland, Matt, 72
  McGee, J. E., 74
  McGeever, J., 195
  McGill, M., 583
  McGinnis, L. F., 294
  McGirt, Ellen, 329
  McGranahan, D., 327
  McGraw, Madison, 105
  McGreal, C., 74
  McGregor, J., 28
  McGregor, Jena, 166
  McIntosh, T., 166
  McIntyre, Hugh, 486
  McIntyre, K. Kung, 105
  McIver, D., 29
  McKee, A., 30
  McKinley, W., 550
  McKnight, William, 415
  McLarnon, M., 459
  McLernon, N., 195
  McMillan-Capehart, A., 359
  McMillion, Doug, 274–275
  McMullen, J., 229
  McPherson, S., 456
  McShane, Steven L., 70
  McWilliams, A., 167
  Medina, F., 459
  Megginson, L., 228
  Megginson, W., 228
  Mehler, M., 328
  Mehrabian, A., 487
  Meiland, D., 28
  Meinert, Dori, 581
  Meister, J., 487
  Mellahi, K., 74
  Mena, S., 166
  Mendenca, L., 582
  Mendoca, J., 195
  Menser, T., 582
  Menz, M., 30
  Menza, Justin, 266
  Meola, A., 28
  Merchant, K., 521
  Merchant, K. A., 520–521
  Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., 458, 486
  Messick, D., 103–104
  Meuser, J., 396
  Meyer, C., 428, 458
  Meyer, E., 104, 197
  Meyer, Erin, 329
  Meyer, K., 294
  Meyer, P., 265
  Meyerhoff, Robin, 328, 359
  Meyers, G., 97, 105
  Meznar, M. B., 74
  Michael, D., 167
  Michaels, Daniel, 104
  Mifflin, K. E., 522
  Mikel, Betsy, 330
  Miles, R. E., 266
  Miles, R. H., 73, 581
  Miles, Raymond E., 254
  Miles, S., 488
  Miliard, Mike, 428
  Milkovich G., 329
  Mille, D., 456
  Miller, B., 520–521
  Miller, C., 195
  Miller, D., 265, 486, 522, 582
  Miller, T., 229
  Milliken, D., 103
  Milliken, F. J., 458
  Mills, M., 394
  Milner, C., 396
  Milstein, M. B., 167
  Miniti, Huang, M., 229
  Minniti, M., 229
  Mintz, H. K., 487
  Mintzberg, H., 2, 30
  Miremadi, M., 195
  Miron-Spektor, E., 580
  Misangyi, V., 429
  Misangyi, V. F., 395
  Mishra, A. K., 293
  Misumi, J., 375, 394–395
  Misumi, K., 394
  Mitchell, T., 427
  Mitroff, I. I., 105
  Mitsuhashi, H., 292
  Mittal, Vikas, 429
  Mittendorg, B., 265
  Mobley, William H., 197
  Model, J., 229
  Moed, J., 195
  Moeller, Sara B., 521
  Mohammed, S., 486
  Mohrman, S. A., 266, 293
  Mol, Michael J., 551
  Molina, A., 553
  Molinski, Andy, 329
  Mom, T., 292
  Montealegre, R., 553
  Montgomery, C. A., 73, 136
  Montoya-Weiss, M., 459
  Moodie, Alison, 581
  Moon, C. H., 196
  Moon, J., 166
  Moore, C., 165
  Moore, S., 105, 430
  Moores, K., 522
  Moran, G., 394, 487
  Moran, P., 430
  Moran, Tyler, 72
  Moregeson, F. P., 328
  Moretti, E., 458
  Morgan, E., 230–231
  Morgan, J. M., 294
  Morgan, N., 487
  Morgeson, F., 457
  Morris, C., 195
  Morris, S., 266
  Morris, S. M., 196
  Morris, Shad S., 196
  Morrison, A., 487
  Morrison, E. W., 30
  Mortensen, R., 196
  Mosakowski, E., 229, 487
  Mosher, Dave, 553
  Moss, Angelique, 230
  Moss, S., 428
  Moss, T., 229
  Mote, J., 293
  Mount, I., 230
  Mouton, J., 394
  Moxley, R., 397
  Moyer, J., 167
  Muczyk, J., 394
  Muethel, M., 457
  Mukherjee, Ajoy
  Mukherjee, D., 457
  Mula, J., 522
  Mulally, Alan, 386–387
  Mule, Ann C., 397
  Mullainathan, S., 359
  Mullen, B., 458
  Muller, A., 581
  Mullins, L., 456
  Munduate, L., 459
  Muñoz, Cristina, 579
  Murnieks, C., 229
  Murnighan, K., 165Name Index 621
  Murphy, C., 393, 582
  Murphy, S., 104
  Murray, R., 164
  Murrell, A. J., 360
  Musk, Elon, 31, 120, 367, 525–526, 539, 547,
  550, 552
  Myatt, M., 459
  Myers, C., 19, 30
  Myers, R., 125, 136
  N
  Nadell, B., 551
  Nadella, Satya, 78
  Nadkarni, Sucheta, 196
  Nadler, D., 456–457
  Nadler, D. A., 581
  Nagarajan, N., 395
  Nahavandi, A., 457
  Nair, Sanjay, 166
  Nairn-Birch, N., 166
  Najdawi, M. K., 266
  Nalick, M., 166
  Nambisan, Satish, 552
  Nandialath, A. M., 229
  Nanley, J., 360
  Nanus, B., 393, 395
  Naquin, C., 486–487
  Narayen, Shantanu, 384
  Nash, S., 551
  Navis, K. H., 228
  Needleman, S. E., 230
  Needleman, Sarah E., 230
  Neeley, T., 487
  Nefer, B., 265
  Nelson, B., 265
  Nelson, K. A., 197
  Nerkar, A., 428
  Neubert, M., 459
  Neuhaus, K., 294
  Neuman, 136
  Neves, P., 395
  Newcombe, A., 164, 522
  Newcomer, E., 28
  Newman, A., 457
  Newman, D., 551
  Newman, J., 329
  Newport, Frank, 393
  Newton, D., 488
  Ng, S., 427
  Ngan, M., 551
  Ng-Mak, D., 360
  Niccol, Brian, 116
  Nichols, Ralph G., 474
  Nicklin, J., 428
  Nicolaides, V., 396, 458
  Nicols, K., 521
  Nielson, C., 429
  Nigam, Roli, 196
  Niles, Robert, 137
  Nisbett, R., 104
  Noack, R., 195
  Nohria, N., 265, 487, 580, 582
  Noland, Marcus, 72
  Noll, Eric, 428
  Nooyi, Indra, 5, 53, 62, 384
  Northcraft, G., 330
  Norton, D., 117, 136
  Norton, D. P., 512, 522
  Novak, D., 395
  Novakovic, Phebe, 337
  Novet, J., 103
  Novicevic, M., 293
  Nowak, D. C., 521
  Nugent, P. S., 459
  Nur, Y. A., 395
  Nyberg, A., 293, 327, 329
  Nystedt, D., 232
  O
  Obama, Barack, 49
  Oberg, K., 197
  O’Brien, J. M., 362
  O’Callaghan, J., 136
  Ochs, J., 486
  O’Connor, G. C., 551
  Oerlemans, L., 394
  Ogilvie, T., 553
  Ogilvie, Tim, 545
  O’Hara, M., 456
  Ohland, M., 312, 329
  Ohnsman, A., 136
  Okamoto, T., 265, 456
  Okhuysen, G., 104
  Okie, Francis G., 544
  Okumura, Tetsushi, 487
  Oldham, G., 413–415, 428
  Oligney, R. E., 551
  Olsen, S., 520
  O’Malley, Alison, 521
  Omidyar, P., 583
  Omidyar, Pierre, 207–208, 229
  O’Neill, H. M., 551
  O’Neill, T., 456, 459
  Ones, D. S., 329
  Ordóñez, L., 427
  O’Reilly, C., 292
  O’Reilly, J., 487
  O’Reilly, Tim, 5–6
  O’Reilly, C. A., III, 30
  Organ, D., 409, 429
  Organ, Dennis, 379
  Orlitzky, M., 166
  O’Rourke, Matt, 194
  Orr, G., 195
  Orr, S., 166
  Ortner, Michael, 81–84
  Osher, Y., 104
  Osman, M., 105
  Ostroff, C., 327
  O’Sullivan, S., 487
  Otazo, K. L., 488
  O’Toole, J., 167, 458
  Ou, A., 396
  Ouchi, W. G., 520
  Overmyer Day, L. E., 360
  Owald, Ed, 550
  Owen, R., 230
  Ozbek, O. V., 228
  P
  Paauwe, Jaap, 196
  Pache, A. C., 229
  Page, Larry, 10, 552
  Page, Scott E., 358
  Page, T., 265, 456
  Pahnke, E. C., 230
  Paik, I., 359
  Paine, L., 580
  Paine, L. S., 165
  Pajovic, Stefan, 72
  Palansky, M., 396
  Paley, Aviva, 202
  Paljug, Katharine, 359
  Pallotta, Frank, 135
  Palmisano, Sam, 139
  Panetta, K., 551
  Paradiso, Anthony, 486
  Parboteeah, K., 164
  Parker, S., 486
  Parker, S. C., 230
  Parris, D., 396
  Parsaei, H. R., 294
  Patel, D., 550
  Patel, P., 459, 488
  Patel, Shivani Garg, 386
  Patten, E., 358
  Patterson, F., 328
  Patterson, M., 229
  Pattison, D., 359
  Patzelt, H., 228–229
  Paulson, G., 486
  Pawar, K. S., 264
  Payseno, K., 166
  Peachey, J., 396
  Pearce, C. L., 265, 396
  Pearsall, M., 429, 457
  Pearsall, M. J., 458
  Pearse, R. F., 264
  Pearson, C. M., 105
  Pearson, J., 135
  Peborde, M. S., 396
  Peiperl, M., 583
  Pelled, L. H., 488
  Pelleee, 458
  Peloza, J., 166
  Peña, A., 580
  Penley, L., 486
  Perera, S., 359–360
  Perez, Pedro David, 196
  Perez, S., 103
  Perez-Pena, R., 73
  Perkins, T., 264
  Perlez, J., 196
  Perlman, E., 265
  Perlmutter, H., 293
  Perlow, L., 104
  Perrin, A., 136
  Perry, M. L., 265
  Perry-Smith, J. E., 105
  Persson, S., 429
  Peters, B. A., 294
  Peters, L. S., 551
  Peters, M., 215
  Peters, M. P., 230
  Peters, T., 31
  Peterson, E., 580
  Peterson, H., 293, 330
  Peterson, L., 329
  Peterson, M., 375, 394–395
  Peterson, R. R., 73622 Name Index
  Peterson, Richard B., 330
  Peterson, S., 396
  Petrick, J., 393
  Petriglieri, G., 107
  Petroff, A., 73
  Pett, J., 521
  Petterson, M., 580
  Peyer, Urs, 29
  Pezeshkan, A., 457
  Pfarrer, M., 105
  Pfeffer, J., 29, 103, 264, 428
  Phelps, Corey C., 552
  Philips, M., 195
  Phillips, K., 265
  Phillips, R., 166
  Phipps, C., 250
  Piazza, A., 164
  Piccolo, R., 394, 427
  Pieper, J., 329
  Pieterse, Anne Nederveen, 360
  Piller, F. T., 136
  Pinchot, C., 231
  Pinchot, E., 167, 231
  Pinder, C., 428
  Pine, B. J., 294
  Pisano, G. P., 551
  Plamondon, K. E., 520
  Plazzo, G., 166
  Pless, Nicola M., 197
  Ployhart, R. E., 327–329
  Pochepan, J., 487, 552
  Podsakoff, P., 395
  Pogson, C. E., 428
  Poletti, T., 230
  Polzer, J., 459
  Popomaronis, G., 229
  Porat, Ruth, 337
  Porath, C., 583
  Poritz, D., 521
  Porras, J., 228, 580
  Porras, Jerry, 556–568
  Port, O., 29
  Porter, M., 229, 293, 583
  Porter, M. E., 551
  Porter, Michael, 50–51, 57, 137, 279
  Posner, B., 396, 488
  Posner, Barry, 366–367, 393
  Post, C., 359
  Post, J., 166
  Potts, M., 395
  Pounder, R. W., 551
  Powers, Anna, 486
  Prahalad, C. K., 167, 292, 582–583
  Prakash, Rashid, 579
  Prasad, S., 266
  Prather, C. W., 552
  Pratt, M. K., 488
  Premack, S., 330
  Preston, L., 166
  Prestwood, D. C. L., 550
  Prevett, R., 551
  Price, E., 29
  Price, M., 329
  Priem, R. L., 136
  Prietula, M., 30
  Primack, D., 103
  Prince, S., 265
  Procter, William, 36
  Proctor, R. A., 137
  Prokopowicz, P., 74
  Prouska, R.
  Prussia, G., 580
  Pruyn, A. T. H., 488
  Pucik, V., 580
  Pugh, A., 360
  Pulakos, E. D., 520
  Puleo, M., 265
  Pullin, J., 551
  Puranam, P., 105, 395, 581
  Purdy, K., 428
  Purohit, S., 395
  Pyper, Julia, 581
  Pyrills, R., 362
  Q
  Qi, Y., 294
  Qian, C., 166
  Qin, X., 488
  Quinn, D., 30, 166
  Quinn, G., 551
  Quinn, J., 393
  Quinn, R., 30, 583
  Quinn, R. E., 74
  Quittner, J., 359
  R
  Raelin, J. A., 583
  Raes, A., 30
  Raffiee, J., 228
  Rafflee, J., 229
  Rainee, L., 136
  Rajacic, D., 429
  Ramirez, G. G., 395
  Ramkissoon, H., 293
  Ramoglou, S., 228
  Ramsey, Dave, 492
  Rancour, T., 521
  Rancour, Tom, 501
  Randall, M., 136
  Randall, R., 328
  Randolph, W. A., 428–429
  Rangan, S., 167
  Rangaswami, M. R., 167
  Rao, A. R., 103
  Rao, K. S., 294
  Rapoza, K., 195
  Rashid, B., 487
  Rasst, D. E., III 396
  Rast, D., III, 459
  Raven, B., 372, 394
  Rawls, John, 149
  Ready, D. A., 582
  Reagan, Ronald, 382
  Rechheld, R., 428
  Reddy, T., 582
  Reeb, D., M., 359
  Reed, J., 396
  Reeves, M., 457, 580
  Rehbein, K., 166
  Reid, S., 166
  Reinhardt, R., 552
  Reints, R., 137
  Reio T., Jr., 360
  Reiter, C., 583
  Rekhi, Ada Chen, 427
  Ren, C., 30
  Ren, R., 488
  Repenning, N., 104
  Resnick, N., 582
  Restubog, S. L.
  Revill, John, 583
  Reynolds, Katie, 197
  Rhode, J., 521–522
  Riccó, R., 359
  Rice, M., 551
  Rich, B., 165
  Rich, B. L., 395
  Richardson, H. A., 293
  Richardson, N., 103
  Richardson, Veta T., 397
  Ridolfi, E., 430
  Ries, E., 10, 29
  Riggio, R., 394
  Rigoni, B., 265
  Rijsdijk, Serge A., 522
  Riley, C., 166
  Riley, M., 105
  Ringel, M., 552
  Ringseis, E., 486
  Rintamaki, J., 166
  Ripley, H., 29
  Ripoll, P., 486
  Risher, H. W., 330
  Rittenburg, T., 197
  Rizzi, Rogerio, 360
  Robb, Walter
  Robbins, J., 430
  Roberson, B., 265, 580
  Roberto, M. A., 104
  Roberts, L. M., 30
  Robertson, Brian, 106
  Robertson, C., 73
  Robin, M., 396
  Robinson, D. M., 360
  Robinson, S. L., 430
  Rock, Arthur, 217
  Rockoff, J., 521
  Rockstuhl, T.
  Roddick, Anita, 138
  Rodell, J., 165
  Rodriguez, G., 362
  Rodriguez, S., 551
  Rodriguez, Salvador
  Roethlisberger, Fritz, 35
  Rogers, A. K., 551
  Rogers, Bruce, 428, 430
  Rogers, E. M., 551–552
  Roh, H., 358
  Roh, Hyuntak, 360
  Romero, N., 360
  Rometty, Ginni, 139, 151, 337
  Romm, Tony, 28
  Rosen, B., 360, 436, 456–458
  Rosen, C., 429
  Rosen, R., 360
  Rosenfeld, Irene, 144, 337
  Rosenthal, S. R., 553
  Rosnow, R. L., 488–489
  Ross, L., 104
  Roth, A., 580
  Roth, E., 105Name Index 623
  Roth, E. A., 551
  Roth, K., 167
  Roth, P., 328
  Rotondo, D. M., 329
  Rottig, D., 457
  Roundy, Philip T., 552
  Rouse, E. D., 230
  Rousseau, D., 430, 581
  Roussin, C., 457
  Rowland, Christopher, 522
  Roy, Sanjit Bunker, 156
  Roy, U., 294
  Rubin, B.
  Rubin, C., 328
  Ruch, W. V., 488
  Ruddy, T., 457
  Rudolph, J., 457
  Ruef, M., 228, 230
  Ruff, Kate, 520
  Ruhe, G., 104
  Rui, O., 359
  Ruiz, Gisel, 339
  Rupp, D., 429
  Rusjan, B., 521
  Russo, S., 582
  Ruthrsdotter, M., 358
  Ryan, A. M., 429–430
  Ryan, Chris, 304
  Ryan, Katherine, 360
  Ryan, L., 522
  Rynes, S., 166, 360
  S
  Sabeti, H., 229, 583
  Sachgau, O., 583
  Sadler-Smith, E., 104
  Sadowski, M., 551
  Safani, Barbara, 473
  Safavi, K., 551
  Safferstone, T., 394
  Safian, R., 73
  Sagonwsky, E., 551
  Sahin, F., 285, 294
  Sahlman, W. A., 230
  Saiidi, U., 582
  Sakano, T., 293
  Salas, E., 456, 486
  Salvador, R., 396
  Samandari, Hamid, 582
  Sambamurthy, V., 265
  Sampson, R. C., 293
  Sanborn, G., 428
  Sanchez, D., 327, 359
  Sanchez, Daniel, 489
  Sanchez, J., 185, 428
  Sanchez, Raul, 197
  Sanchez-Burks, J., 30
  Sandberg, J., 196
  Sandberg, Sheryl, 10, 15, 337
  Sanders, Lorraine, 20
  Sandino, T., 520
  Santamaria, J. A., 458
  Sapienza, H. J., 231
  Saprrowe, R. T., 429
  Sarala, R., 30, 457, 580
  Saridakis, G., 327
  Sarker, S., 457
  Sarooghi, H., 228
  Sashittal, H., 458
  Sashkin, M., 429
  Satell, G., 29, 396, 580
  Sauer, P. J., 228
  Sawers, P., 195
  Sawhney, M., 551
  Sawhney, Mohanbir, 552
  Saxton, M. J., 74
  Sayles, L., 459
  Sayles, Leonard, 249
  Schaeffer, B. S., 429
  Schaffer, B. S., 429
  Schaub, Michael, 72
  Schaubroeck, J., 456, 486
  Scheer, S., 73
  Schein, E. H., 74, 581
  Schere, R., 393
  Schermerhorn, Jr, J., 165
  Schillebeeckx, S., 167
  Schippers, M., 458
  Schisgall, O., 36
  Schlangenstein, M., 29, 74
  Schleicher, A., 329
  Schlesinger, L. A., 581
  Schlesinger, Leonard A., 564
  Schmann P. A., Jr., 550
  Schmid, T., 136
  Schmidt, Eric, 322
  Schmidt, F., 166, 429
  Schmidt, F. L., 329, 430
  Schmidt, W., 394–395
  Schmulen, M., 486
  Schnackenberg, A., 489
  Schnatterly, K., 164
  Schneider, B., 429, 582
  Schneider, Beth Z., 26
  Schneider, Michael, 237
  Schoemaker, P., 292
  Schoemaker, P. J. H., 73
  Schoenberger, Chana R., 457
  Schooley, T., 580
  Schouten, M., 456
  Schrempf-Stirling, J., 166
  Schroeder, R., 457
  Schuler, D., 166
  Schuler, R., 327
  Schuler, R. S., 329
  Schultz, Howard, 199–200, 210, 222
  Schultz, P., 394
  Schulze, W., 230
  Schuman, Frank, 426
  Schuneman, Pam, 505, 521
  Schwab, K., 544
  Schwartz, E., 395
  Schwartz, J., 73
  Schwarz, J. L., 359
  Schwarz, N., 430
  Schweiger, D., 488
  Schweitzer, M., 427
  Schwenk, C., 104
  Scipioni, J., 29, 329
  Scott, A., 582
  Scott, J., 328
  Scott, K., 458–459
  Scott, S. R., Jr., 228
  Scroxton, A., 28
  Scullion, H., 327
  Seal, G., 580
  Seals, A., 360
  Seashore, S. E., 458
  Sebastian, P., 292
  Sedgwick, D., 489
  Segaar, P., 135
  Segal, J. A., 329
  Seggerman, T. K., 230–231
  Seibert, J., 293
  Seibert, S., 457
  Seidmann, A., 552
  Seijts, G., 427
  Sekerka, L., 165
  Seligman, M. E. P., 30
  Seligson, H., 488
  Selingo, J., 328
  Semadeni, Matthew, 551
  Sendjaya, S., 396
  Senge, P. M., 167
  Sengul, M., 229
  Seo, M., 581
  Serpa, R., 74
  Seseri, Rudina, 360
  Shafer, Scott M., 521
  Shaffer, Margaret A., 196
  Shah, Anand, 530
  Shah, P. P., 329
  Shalley, C., 427, 457
  Shamir, B., 395
  Shane, D., 328
  Shane, S., 228
  Shao, R., 429
  Shapiro, D., 457
  Shapiro, E. C., 393
  Sharf, S., 29
  Sharfman, M., 104–105
  Sharifi, S., 264
  Sharma, P. N., 457
  Sharma, V., 196
  Sharp, A., 427
  Sharp, Rachel, 266
  Sharpe, M. E., 330
  Shaw, G. B., 460
  Shaw, J., 458–459
  Shaw, K. N., 402
  Shead, S., 229
  Sheetz, Michael, 553
  Shehadi, R., 457
  Shemla, Meir, 104
  Shen, J., 196
  Shen, L., 30
  Sheng, Ellen, 197
  Shephard, M., 74
  Shepherd, D., 228–229
  Shergill, P., 359
  Sheridan, K., 328
  Sheridan, R., 428
  Sheridan, Richard, 405
  Sherman, A., 316
  Sherman, A. W., Jr., 330
  Sherman, Alex, 164
  Sherman, M., 486
  Shih, H. A., 459
  Shimoni, B., 581
  Shin, H., 580
  Shin, J., 581
  Shin, Shung J., 358624 Name Index
  Shintaku, Junjiro, 196
  Shipper, 329
  Shippmann, J. S., 328
  Shiraki, M., 552
  Shiverdeker, L., 394
  Shneyder, Len, 197
  Shore, L., 327, 359
  Short, C., 105
  Short, J., 229
  Shoulberg, W., 339
  Shrivastava, P., 167
  Shultz, S. F., 264
  Shurn-Hannah, P., 360
  Siang, S., 456
  Sidani, Y., 327
  Sidebottom, P., 522
  Siebdrat, F., 459
  Siebold, D., 104
  Siegel, D., 167
  Siegel, R., 29
  Sikora, P., 430
  Silver, S., 428
  Silver, W., 427
  Silverman, B., 428
  Silverman, J., 360
  Silverman, R., 553
  Silverman, Rachel Emma, 487
  Simha, A., 165–166
  Simisek, Z., 395
  Simmonds, P. G., 265
  Simon, B., 396
  Simon, H. A., 266
  Simon, Herbert, 96
  Simon, L., 165
  Simons, R., 520
  Simons, T., 458
  Sims, B., Jr., 427
  Sims, H. B., Jr., 457
  Simsek, Z., 231
  Sims, H. P., Jr., 265, 429
  Sinclair, R., 330
  Sinclair-Desgangné, B., 359
  Sine, W., 292
  Singh, H., 293
  Singh, J., 229
  Singh, Sejal, 393
  Singh, Shavila, 202
  Sinha, K., 457
  Siporin, C., 552
  Sirmon, D. G., 228, 292
  Sitkin, S., 395
  Sjaatil, Kjersti, 458
  Skarlicki, D., 429
  Slimas, Tomas, 206
  Sloan, Alfred, 110
  Sloane, A., 330
  Slocum, John, 197
  Slocum, J. W., Jr., 583
  Slowinski, G., 293
  Sluis, S., 293
  Sluss, D., 164
  Smale, A., 327
  Smale, T., 230
  Smidts, A., 488
  Smith, Adam, 154
  Smith, C., 327
  Smith, D., 457–458, 582
  Smith, K., 30
  Smith, K. A., 458
  Smith, N., 521
  Smith, Stuart M., 521
  Smothers, J., 293
  Smythe, C., 196
  Snasone, C., 195
  Snell, S., 316, 456
  Snell, S. A., 74, 196, 266, 315, 328, 330, 552
  Snider, Mike, 73
  Snow, C., 73
  Snow, C. C., 266
  Snow, Charles C., 254
  Snyder, W. M., 456
  Soda, G., 271, 292
  Solomon, M., 429
  Somech, A., 456
  Son, J., 358
  Sonenshein, S., 105
  Sonfield, M., 209–210
  Song, M., 459
  Song, Z., 458
  Sonia Thompson, 457
  Sonnenfeld, J., 395
  Sook, Jin, 339
  Soper, R., 228
  Soteres, K., 30
  Spangenburg, J., 396
  Spaulding, A., 582
  Spears, Britney, 51
  Spector, B., 581
  Spector, P., 185
  Spekman, Robert E., 73
  Spell, Chester S., 360
  Spender, J. C., 552
  Spicer, A., 164
  Spiegel, Evan, 202
  Spinelli, S., Jr., 201, 203, 216, 224, 228–229,
  234
  Spitzer, Q., 103–104
  Spreitzer, G., 30
  Spreitzer, G. M., 186, 293
  Sprietzer, G. M., 196
  Springsteen, Bruce, 276
  Srinivasan, D., 395
  Srivastava, A., 458
  Stahl, Günther K., 196–197
  Stajkovic, A. D., 427
  Stalk, G., 230
  Stalker, G., 270, 292
  Stamps, D., 197
  Standifer, R., 459
  Stanway, D., 167
  Staples, D., 459
  Staples, M., 266
  Starr, R., 265
  Starr, Rachel, 392–393
  Stata, Ray, 268
  Statt, Nick, 294
  Staudinger, Stephanie, 359
  Staw, B. M., 428
  Stebbins, S., 73
  Steel, R., 394
  Steels, P., 197
  Steensma, H., 165
  Steinfield, C., 486
  Steinmetz, K., 328
  Stephan, U., 229, 580
  Sterling, K., 265
  Stern, Gary, 231
  Stevens, J., 165
  Stevens, L., 103
  Stevenson, B., 264
  Stevenson, N., 105
  Stevenson, S., 488
  Stieglitz, N., 105
  Stigliani, I., 553
  Stiles, Philip, 196
  Stillman, J., 230, 395
  Stinchcombe, A. L., 230
  Stogdill, R. M., 394
  Stone, D., 327, 553
  Stone, M., 202
  Strauss, George, 249
  Strauss, Karsten, 486
  Straz, Matt, 429–430
  Strenger, L., 231
  Strickland, A. J., III, 136
  Strickland, O., 395
  Strober, M., 428
  Strong, B., 552
  Sturdevant, D., 29
  Sturm, T., 394
  Styer, Ralph, 106
  Su, Andy, 202
  Suarez, F. F., 137
  Suddaby, R., 581
  Sugarman, B., 581
  Sullivan, J., 360
  Sullivan, Kate, 228
  Sullivan, W., 33
  Sun, P., 74
  Sun, R., 396
  Susanto, E., 459
  Sutherland, Kiefer, 276
  Suttle, J. L., 430
  Sutton, R., 103, 428
  Swaak, R. A., 196
  Swaminathan, Venkatesan, 329
  Swan, Greg, 292
  Swartz, J., 104
  Sweeney, M., 265
  Sweeney, P., 165
  Sweet, C., 582
  Sweet, Julie, 333, 347, 353, 501
  Swinmurn, Nick, 201, 217
  Swisher, Kara, 103
  Symon, G., 266
  Systrom, Kevin, 202
  T
  Tainwala, Ramesh, 304
  Tait, Richard, 222
  Tajitsu, N., 552
  Takeuchi, D., 429
  Takla, M. G., 292
  Tan, H., 195
  Tang, C. S., 293
  Tankersley, J., 195
  Tannenbaum, A., 394–395
  Taras, V., 197, 457, 580
  Tarba, S., 580
  Tarique, I., 327
  Tata, J., 266
  Tatikonda, M. V., 553Name Index 625
  Taulli, T., 28
  Tavis, A., 486
  Tayan, B., 265, 488
  Taylor, A., 552
  Taylor, Alex, III, 103
  Taylor, Frederick, 33–34, 477
  Taylor, K., 73
  Taylor, L., 230
  Taylor, M., 581
  Taylor, M. S., 30
  Taylor, P., 359
  Taylor, Susan Johnston, 458
  Team, T., 73
  Team, Trefis, 231
  Teece, D., 292
  Tenenbaum, B., 265
  Tepper, B., 458
  Terlep, S., 103, 136
  Terrell, Kenneth, 359
  Terrlink, R., 581
  Tesluk, P., 396, 456–458, 486
  Tetrick, L., 330, 430
  Thatcher, Margaret, 373
  Thatcher, S., 459
  Thau, B., 294
  Thomas, B., 105, 360
  Thomas, Brent, 397
  Thomas, Dorian, 104
  Thomas, G., 394
  Thomas, R. R., Jr., 359
  Thomas, K., 449
  Thomas, K. W., 459
  Thomas, L. A., 551
  Thomas, Lauren, 294
  Thomas, T., 165
  Thompson, A. A., 136
  Thompson, B., 395
  Thompson, J. D., 266
  Thompson, John, 339
  Thompson, Sonia, 74
  Thoresen, C. J., 580
  Thorn, R., 266
  Thorndike, E., 403, 427
  Thorpe, Devin, 265
  Thottam, I., 428
  Thottman, 397
  Thura Htay, Phyi, 195
  Thurm, Scott, 330
  Thuron, Rob, 487
  Tierney, P., 105
  Tihanyi, L., 330
  Tijoriwala, S. A., 581
  Tiku, Nitasha, 329
  Tillema, H., 266
  Timmons, Jeffry A., 200, 203, 216, 224,
  228–229, 234
  Tinsley, C., 459
  Titley, D., 74
  Tjosvold, D., 459, 488
  Toberman, Hannah, 227
  Toegel, G., 329
  Tolleson, Rob, 477
  Toma, G., 202, 229
  Tomassetti, A., 396, 458
  Tomlinson, E., 489
  Tost, L., 488
  Touryalai, H., 488
  Towill, D. R., 294
  Townsend, M., 583
  Townsend, R., 393
  Toye, S., 488
  Trahms, C., 228
  Trainor, Kerry, 480
  Traslavina, Andres, 437
  Travis, M., 456
  Trevino, L., 166, 395
  Trevino, L. K., 165, 197
  Trevor, C., 293, 329
  Trevor, Jonathan, 196
  Tripathi, A., 459
  Trist, E., 553
  Trotter, G., 164
  Trowbridge, A., 551
  Troy, L., 330
  Trudel, Remi, 165
  Trudell, C., 551
  Trump, Donald, 38, 49, 77, 103, 145
  Truxillo, D., 430
  Tsakumis, G., 427
  Tsang, E. W. K., 228
  Tsui, A., 197
  Tulgan, Bruce, 341
  Tullberg, Jan, 521
  Tung, R., 196
  Turban, D., 166
  Turban, Stephen, 521
  Turner, Ashley, 229
  Turner, M., 166
  Turner, N., 396
  Tuschke, A., 164
  Tushman, M., 30, 292
  Tynan, D., 459
  U
  Uhl-Bien, M., 394
  Ulrich, D., 327–328, 488–489
  Umoh, Ruth, 330
  Unruh, G., 167
  Unruh, J., 488
  Upadhyay, A., 359
  Upton, D., 488
  Usher, J. M., 294
  V
  Vaccaro, A., 428
  Valdes-Dapena, Peter, 264–266
  Valentic, Stefanie, 520, 522
  Valentine, Elena, 463
  Van Alphen, T., 489
  van Berkel, Ardie, 521
  Van Bunderen, L., 459
  Van Buren, M. E., 394
  Vandebroek, Sophie, 542
  Van den Broeck, A. A., 429
  van den Ende, Jan, 522
  Vanderberg, R. J., 293, 429
  VanderHart, D., 167
  Vanderkam, L., 487
  Van der Vegt, G., 459
  Van de Ven, A., 553
  van Dierendonck, D., 360, 396
  Vandlen, C., 74
  Van Fleet, D., 265
  van Ginkel, W., 457, 459
  Van Iddekinge, C. C., 328
  van Knippenberg, D., 360, 395, 396, 429, 457,
  459, 486
  van Mierlo, H., 427, 458
  Van Nuys, K., 360
  van Riel, C. B. M., 488
  Van Velsor, E., 397
  Vartiainen, M., 456
  Vas, T., 30
  Vascellaro, J. E., 229
  Vasilash, G. S., 285
  Vater, D., 522
  Vaughn, Adam, 580
  Veen, A., 327
  Veiga, J., 231, 521
  Veiga, J. F., 395
  Velez, M., 395
  Veltkamp, B., 196
  Venkataraman, S., 228–229
  Venus, M., 486
  Vermeulen, F., 581
  Vernal, Mike, 22
  Vernon, S., 359
  Vert, Lil Uzi, 480
  Veryzer, R. W., 551
  Vespa, J., 358
  Vesper, K. H., 228
  Vickery, S., 265
  Viguerie, P., 582
  Villa, David, 292
  Villas-Boas, A., 29
  Vincent, James, 487
  Viswesvaran, C., 329
  Voelpel, Sven, C., 359
  Vogel, Tiffany, 397
  Vogus, T., 229
  Von Glinow, Mary Ann, 70
  Von Hippel, E., 552
  von Oetinger, Bolko, 29
  Vonortas, N. S., 552
  Vozza, S., 29
  Vracheva, V., 457
  Vries, R. de, 394
  Vroom, V. H., 395, 428
  W
  Waalewijn, P., 135
  Waber, Ben, 521
  Waddock, S., 167, 521
  Wade, Michael, 397
  Wadhwa, S., 294
  Wageman, R., 458
  Wahba, M., 428
  Wahba, P., 29, 293
  Wailgum, T., 293
  Wakabayashi, Daisuke, 196
  Wakayama, Toshiro, 196
  Waldinger, R., 228
  Waldman, D., 395–396, 580
  Waldman, D. A., 164, 166
  Waldron, H., 359
  Waldroop, J., 488
  Walker, A., 522
  Walker, C. J., 198
  Walker, Justin, 581626 Name Index
  Wall, J., 395
  Wall, J. A., Jr., 451, 459
  Walsmeir, P., 552
  Walter, F., 459
  Walter, J., 105
  Walter, L., 583
  Walters, J., 195
  Walton, R. E., 430
  Walton, Sam, 269
  Wang, C., 459
  Wang, D., 396
  Wang, G., 457
  Wang, H., 166
  Wang, J., 165
  Wang, L., 429
  Wang, M., 327
  Wang, P., 359
  Wang, X-Y, 395
  Ward, A., 552
  Ward, M., 582
  Ward, Marguerite, 360
  Ward, R. D., 264
  Warr, P. B., 430
  Warren, K., 73
  Washington, George, 373
  Watson, Emma, 109
  Watson, Thomas, 382
  Watson, Thomas J., 296, 298
  Wattles, J., 74
  Watts, L. L., 166
  Wayland, M., 136
  Wayland, Michael, 265
  Wayne, S., 104, 396
  Wayne, S. J., 429
  Weasileski, D., 429
  Weaver, G. R., 165
  Webb, A., 165
  Webber, R., 30
  Weber, C., 30
  Weber, J., 165
  Weber, L., 328
  Weber, Max, 36, 270
  Weed, J., 456
  Weekley, J. A., 328
  Wegge, Jurgen, 104
  Wehle, S., 486
  Weill, Kelly, 550
  Weingart, L., 104, 458
  Weis, E., 396, 458
  Weise, E., 104
  Weiss, Geoff, 30
  Weiss, H., 395
  Weiss, J., 275
  Weiss, L., 394
  Weiss, T., 429
  Welbourne, T. M., 580
  Welch, D., 136, 195, 197, 487
  Welch, Jack, 480
  Welch, L., 197, 487
  Weldon, D., 28
  Well, B., 29
  Wellins, R. S., 459
  Wellman, N., 397
  Wells, Nick, 294
  Welsh, D., 427
  Welsh, T., 36
  Wemer, David, 583
  Wenger, E. C., 456
  Wernsing, T., 396
  Wessel, J., 429–430
  Westerman-Behaylo, M., 166
  Westman, Mina, 196
  Weston, D., 137
  Wetselaar, Maarten, 566
  Wexley, K., 329
  Whahlforss, Eric, 461
  Wheeler, J., 458
  Wheelwright, S. C., 550, 553
  Whetten, D., 396
  White, Dana, 285
  White, J., 293
  White, M., 328
  White, R., 394
  Whitney, J. O., 522
  Wickelgren, I., 486
  Wicks, A. C., 136
  Wieczner, J., 137
  Wiener-Bronner, D., 74
  Wiens, J., 230
  Wiese, Elizabeth, 552
  Wilkie, D., 359
  Willcox, Rachel, 521
  Williams, B., 228
  Williams, Collin, 574
  Williams, D., 228
  Williams, D. W., 103
  Williams, K., 104
  Williams, Pete, 102
  Williams, Richard, 104
  Williams, T., 228–229
  Wilson, A., 202, 229
  Wilson, M. G., 429
  Wiltermuth, S., 486
  Wincent, J., 229
  Winfrey, Oprah, 382, 384
  Wingrove, J., 195
  Winters, M. F., 359
  Wise, J. M., 488
  Wise, S., 458
  Witney, F., 330
  Witzel, M., 166
  Wladaswasky-Berger, I., 29
  Wnuck, D., 456, 458
  Woehr, D. J., 328–329
  Woeht, D., 312
  Woetzel, J., 328
  Wohlgezogen, F., 293, 583
  Wojcicki, Susan, 337
  Wolcott, R. C., 551
  Wolf, C., 30, 136
  Wolf, W., 327
  Woloszyk, Adrian, 73
  Wong, A., 459
  Wong, A. S. H., 488
  Wong, C., 265
  Wong, Julie Carrie, 104
  Wong, Jungle, 521
  Wood, G., 327
  Wood, Jake, 412
  Wood, M. S., 103, 228
  Wood, R. E., 428
  Woodward, J., 294
  Wooldridge, B., 136
  Workiewicz, M., 265
  Worley, C., 559, 581
  Worline, M., 105
  Worstall, Tim, 72
  Wright, Aliah, 582
  Wright, M., 74, 229
  Wright, P., 328
  Wright, P. M., 292
  Wright, Patrick M., 196
  Wright, T., 430
  Wright, T. A., 430
  Wu, D., 396
  Wu, L-Z., 488
  Wynne, K., 74
  Wysinsky, Paul, 485
  Wysocki, M., 294
  X
  Xavier, Stephen, 30
  Xin, Zhou, 196
  Xu, X-D., 395
  Y
  Yammarino, F., 395
  Yammarino, F. J., 395
  Yang, W., 294
  Yanouzas, J., 521
  Yasai-Ardekani, M., 73
  Yasiejko, C., 73
  Yates, Shireen, 366
  Ybarra, O., 30
  Yen, C., 430
  Yerak, Becky, 230
  Yglesias, Matthew, 551
  Yi, S.-S., 552
  Yin, Y., 428
  Yip, J., 30
  Yorges, S., 395
  Young, Mary, 551
  Young, N. C. J., 456
  Youngblood, S. A., 329
  Yu, A., 456
  Yuhas, A., 136
  Yukl, G., 394–395
  Yunus, Mohammed, 496
  Yunus, Muhammad, 177
  Yu-Ping, C., 196
  Z
  Zablit, H., 552
  Zablow, R. J., 165
  Zaccaro, S., 394, 396, 457–458
  Zaheer, A., 271, 292
  Zahra, S., 229
  Zahra, S. A., 231, 551
  Zakaria, N., 457
  Zakrzewski, C., 520
  Zardkoohi, A., 166
  Zaslow, J., 427
  Zeidel, M., 230
  Zeithaml, C., 60, 73
  Zeithaml, V., 60, 73, 104
  Zeitz, G., 230
  Zeitz, Jochen, 61Name Index 627
  Zell, D., 581
  Zenger, Jack, 360
  Zhang, H., 488
  Zhang, J., 28–29
  Zhang, M., 294
  Zhang, S., 429
  Zhang, X., 429
  Zhang, Y., 395
  Zhang, Z., 396, 488
  Zhao, F., 457
  Zhao, L., 459
  Zhao, W., 359
  Zhao, X., 294
  Zhelyazkov, P., 293
  Zhong, J. A., 395
  Zhu, J., 459
  Zigarmi, P., 581
  Ziipay, K., 165
  Zimmerman, A., 583
  Zimmerman, M., 230
  Ziobro, P., 583
  Zipay, K., 429
  Zipkin, N., 393
  Zmud, R. W., 487
  Zornoza, A., 486
  Zuboff, S., 582
  Zuckerberg, Mark, 3–4, 15, 22, 30–31
  Zwilling, Martin, 229
  Zyung, F., 10585
  A
  Abbvie, 336
  ABC. See Activity-based costing (ABC)
  ABC (network), 131
  ABC Supply, 211
  ABI/Inform, 233
  Ability, 381
  Academy of Management (Sanchez/Spector/
  Cooper), 185
  Accenture, 124, 172, 336–338, 534
  Accenture North America, 333, 347, 353, 501
  Accommodation A style of dealing
  with conflict involving cooperation on
  behalf of the other party but not being
  assertive about one’s own interests,
  449, 451
  Accountability The expectation
  that employees will perform a job, take
  corrective action when necessary, and
  report upward on the status and
  quality of their performance, 243,
  244, 352
  Accounting audits Procedures
  used to verify accounting reports and
  statements, 504
  Achievement-oriented leadership, 381
  Acquisition One firm buying another,
  59, 63–65, 128, 538–542
  Active learning, 573
  Activity-based costing (ABC) A
  method of cost accounting designed to
  identify streams of activity and then to
  allocate costs across particular business
  processes according to the amount of time
  employees devote to particular activities,
  504–505
  Act learning cycle, 574
  ADAAA. See Americans with Disabilities Act
  Amendments Act (ADAAA)
  Adafruit Industries, 204
  Adapters Companies that take
  the current industry structure and its
  evolution as givens, and choose where to
  compete, 570
  ADDA, 287
  Adecco, 62
  Adelante, 207
  Adidas, 60, 280
  Administrative management A
  classical management approach that
  attempted to identify major principles
  and functions that managers could
  use to achieve superior organizational
  performance, 32, 35, 38
  Administrator, 203, 224
  ADM. See Archer Daniels Midland (ADM)
  Adobe, 152, 206, 384, 463, 497
  Adopter. See Technology
  Advanced Energy Technology Inc., 234
  Adverse, 309
  Adverse impact When a seemingly
  neutral employment practice has a
  disproportionately negative effect on a
  protected group, 309
  Advertising, 55
  Advisory board, 219
  Advisory relationships, 448
  Aetna, 18, 384
  Affective conflict Emotional
  disagreement directed toward other
  people, 93
  Affiliation, need for, 411
  Affirmative action Special efforts
  to recruit and hire qualified members
  of groups that have been discriminated
  against in the past, 341
  Affordable Care Act, 365
  Africa
  Edom Nutritional Solutions, 208
  encouraging entrepreneurship in, 80
  ethical issues, 190
  independent strategies, 59
  international management, 176
  Merck and drug to eradicate spread of
  Ebola, 369
  African American Forum, 349
  African Americans, 335, 339–340
  See also Diversity
  African Americans. See Diversity
  After-action review A frank and
  open-minded discussion of four
  basic questions aimed at continuous
  improvement, 499
  Age discrimination, 341–342
  Age Discrimination in Employment Act (1973),
  308
  Agility. See Organizational agility
  AI-powered chatbot, 6. See also Artificial
  intelligence (AI)
  Airbnb, 89, 126, 179, 465
  Airbus, 531
  Alcoa, 275
  Alderfer’s ERG theory A human
  needs theory postulating that people have
  three basic sets of needs that can operate
  simultaneously, 409, 410, 411
  Alexa, 6
  Alibaba, 169–170, 191, 206
  AlienVault, 128
  Alliance, 272–275, 277
  Alliance to End Plastic, 159
  Allstar Electronics, 227
  Alphabet, 59, 205, 301, 337
  Alphabet/Google, 537
  Alternative Board, The, 241
  Amazon, 6, 8, 52–53, 55–56, 59, 64, 82, 89,
  122–123, 131, 135, 142, 169, 181, 201,
  206, 232, 274, 277, 383–384, 434, 446,
  451, 465, 480, 547
  Amazon Book, 43
  Amazon.com, 537
  Amazon Go, 288
  Amazon Web Services (AWS), 56, 78
  Ambidextrous organization An
  organization that is simultaneously
  good at exploitation and exploration,
  270, 544
  AMC, 170
  AMC Theatres, 247
  America. See United States
  American Customer Satisfaction Index, 276
  American Express, 175, 556–557
  American FactFinder, 233
  American Health Care Act, 318
  American-Made Index, 171
  American Management Association’s
  Operation Enterprise, 340
  American Superconductor (AMSC), 184
  Americans with Disabilities Act, 149
  Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments
  Act (ADAAA), 308, 340
  Americas, 175–176
  AMSC. See American Superconductor
  (AMSC)
  Amtrak, 6
  Analog devices, 268
  Analytical (critical) thinking, 573
  Analyzer firm, 538
  Android, 528
  Angel investor, 212
  AngelList, 215
  Anheuser-Busch, 408
  Anthem, 337
  Anytime Fitness, 204
  APEC. See Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
  (APEC)
  Apex Parks, 89
  Appirio, 493
  AppIt Ventures, 171
  Apple, 9, 52–53, 60, 140, 152, 174–175, 217,
  232, 244, 480, 531, 539, 544, 549
  Apple Watch, 212
  Application, job, 303
  Applied Materials, 478–479
  Appraisal. See Performance appraisal (PA)
  Arbitration The use of a neutral third
  party to resolve a labor dispute, 321
  Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), 54
  Argentina, 175
  Arm & Hammer, 126
  Artificial intelligence (AI), 22, 204,
  206, 351
  at Amazon, 123
  to analyze and mine data, 89
  and cybersecurity, 97
  digital aids, 46
  and leadership, 388
  and leadership substitutes, 382
  leveraging, for better future, 571
  research regarding, 15
  Smart Compose, 468
  and unconscious biases, 528
  ASEAN. See Association of Southeast Asian
  Nations (ASEAN)
  Asia
  corporate ethical standards, 147
  ethical issues in, 190
  global environment, 174–176
  impoverished women in, 206
  GLOSSARY / SUBJECTS586 Glossary / Subjects
  Asia—Cont.
  language variances by culture, 471
  multinational model, 180
  psychological biases, 87
  and Roshni Rides, 177
  Asian Americans, 335, 339–340
  and Google workforce, 311
  See also Diversity
  Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC),
  51, 175, 183
  Assessment, 388, 411
  Assessment center A managerial
  performance test in which candidates
  participate in a variety of exercises and
  situations, 305
  Assets The values of the various items
  the corporation owns, 505
  Assimilation The use of a neutral
  third party to resolve a labor
  dispute, 335
  Assistant manager, 16
  Association of Southeast Asian Nations
  (ASEAN), 175
  Astra Merck Group, 365
  Astroturfing, 142
  Athena Health, 280
  AT&T, 123, 128, 152, 184, 187, 274, 305, 336,
  338–339, 385
  Audit relationships, 448
  Authentic leadership A style in which
  the leader is true to himself or herself while
  leading, 384–385
  Authoritarianism, 381
  Authority The legitimate right to make
  decisions and to tell other people what to
  do, 35, 240
  board of directors, 240–241
  chief executive officer (CEO), 241
  in vertical organization structure, 240–242
  Autocratic leadership A form of
  leadership in which the leader makes
  decisions on his or her own and then
  announces those decisions to the
  group, 376
  Automakers, 178, 239, 249, 280
  Automation, 172, 321
  Automattic, 467
  Automobiles, 62
  Autonomous work groups Groups
  that control decisions about and execution
  of a complete range of tasks, 437
  Autonomy, 414–415
  Avastin, 532
  Avoidance A reaction to conflict that
  involves ignoring the problem by doing
  nothing at all or deemphasizing the
  disagreement, 449–451
  Awareness building, 350–351
  AWS. See Amazon Web Services (AWS)
  B
  Baby Boomer, 7, 257, 301, 541
  Baccarat, 497
  Background check, 304–305
  BAE Systems, 366
  Balanced scorecard Control system
  combining four sets of performance
  measures: financial, customer satisfaction,
  business processes, and learning and
  growth, 117, 512
  Balance sheet A report that shows the
  financial picture of a company at a given
  time and itemizes assets, liabilities, and
  stockholders’ equity, 505
  Banana Republic, 278
  Banco do Brasil, 11
  Bank of America, 59, 338, 493
  Bankruptcy, 111
  Barclays, 493
  Barefoot College (India), 156
  Barnes & Noble, 52
  Barrier Break, 208
  Barriers to entry Conditions that
  prevent new companies from entering an
  industry, 52, 57
  BARS. See Behaviorally anchored rating scale
  (BARS)
  Basecamp (formerly 37 signals), 64, 212
  Base technologies, 534
  Baskin-Robbins, 183
  Batesville Casket Company, 540
  B&B Tool Company, 282
  BCG matrix, 127–128
  Beats, 59
  Bechtel, 186
  Behavior, 404
  Behavioral appraisal, 312
  Behavioral approach A leadership
  perspective that attempts to identify what
  good leaders do—that is, what behaviors
  they exhibit, 374, 375–376
  Behavioral description interview, 303
  Behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS), 312
  Beijing Institute of Technology, 184
  Beloit Corporation, 211
  Benchmarking The process of
  comparing an organization’s practices
  and technologies with those of other
  companies, 58, 123–124, 535
  Berkshire Hathaway, 171
  Berkshire Hathaway Energy, 124
  Best Trust Bank, 485
  Beyond Meat, 531
  Bias
  psychological decision, 86–87
  unconscious, 528
  BIA. See B Impact Assessment (BIA)
  Big Bison Resorts, 426–in 427
  Big data, 278. See also Customer relationship
  management
  B Impact Assessment (BIA), 496
  BIM. See Building information model (BIM)
  Biomedical innovation, 537
  Biotechnology, 204
  Bitcoin, 571
  B-Lab, 496
  Black voting rights, 334
  Blake and Mouton’s Leadership Grid, 377
  Bleeding edge, 533
  Blizzard Entertainment, 302
  Blockbuster, 8, 52, 122
  Blockchain, 535
  Blockchain technology, 571
  Blogs, 142
  Bloomberg Database, 233
  Bloomin’ Brands, 129
  Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina,
  414
  BMW, 536, 539
  BodeTree, 19
  Body Shop, The, 158
  Boeing, 123, 175, 187, 434
  Bonobos, 387
  Bootlegging Informal work on projects,
  other than those officially assigned, of
  employees’ own choosing and initiative,
  220
  Boring Company, 525
  Boston Consulting Group, 127–128, 543
  Boundaryless organization 
  Organization in which there are few
  barriers to information flow, 480
  Boundary-spanning Interacting with
  people in other groups, thus creating
  linkages between groups, 447
  Bounded rationality A less-thanperfect form of rationality in which decision
  makers cannot be perfectly rational
  because decisions are complex and
  complete information is unavailable or
  cannot be fully processed, 96
  BP, 171
  BP Deepwater Horizon, 50
  Brainstorming A process in which
  group members generate as many ideas
  about a problem as they can; criticism
  is withheld until all ideas have been
  proposed, 94–95
  Brainwriting, 95
  Brand identification, 52, 126
  Brazil
  cultural issues in, 188
  franchises in, 183
  and international management, 175–176
  Quadra Drilling Systems in, 455
  Brexit (British Exit), 174
  Bribery, 47, 144, 146, 190
  Bring your own app (BYOA), 541
  Bring your own device (BYOD) policy, 541
  Broker A person who assembles and
  coordinates participants in a network, 255
  Brown v. Board of Education (1954), 335
  B Team, The, 61Glossary / Subjects 587
  Budget and reward system, 113
  Budgetary control, 503–505
  Budgeting The process of investigating
  what is being done and comparing the
  results with the corresponding budget
  data to verify accomplishments or remedy
  differences; also called budgetary
  controlling, 503
  Budget types, 504
  Buffering Creating supplies of excess
  resources in case of unpredictable needs,
  61–62
  Building information model (BIM), 287
  Built to Last (Collins/Porras), 556–557
  Bureaucracy A classical management
  approach emphasizing a structured,
  formal network of relationships among
  specialized positions in the organization,
  36, 38
  in evolution of management thought, 32,
  36–38, 61
  and technological innovation, 544–545
  Bureaucratic control The use of
  rules, regulations, and authority to guide
  performance, 494. See also Managerial
  control, bureaucratic control systems
  Bureau of Labor Statistics, 233, 341
  Burt’s Bees, 158
  Business
  geography of, 177
  Africa and Middle East, 176
  Americas, 175–176
  China and India, 174–175
  key aspects of global environment, 174
  Western Europe, 173–174
  leader knowledge of, 373–374
  Business accelerator Organization
  that provides support and advice to help
  young businesses grow, 211
  Business ethics The moral principles
  and standards that guide behavior in the
  world of business, 142, 144–145. See
  also Ethics
  Business Gateway site, of Business.gov, 234
  Business incubators Protected
  environments for new, small
  businesses, 211
  Business model innovation, 526–527
  Business plan A formal planning step
  that focuses on the entire venture and
  describes all the elements involved in
  starting it, 214–215
  Business practice, 64
  Business Roundtable, 60
  Business strategy The major actions
  by which a business competes in a
  particular industry or market, 128–129
  Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce, 451
  Business-to-business (B2B) model, 206
  Business-to-business (B2B) selling, 54
  Buyers, 44, 68
  BYOA. See Bring your own app (BYOA)
  BYOD. See Bring your own device (BYOD)
  policy
  C
  Cadillac, 59, 175
  Cafeteria benefit program An
  employee benefit program in which
  employees choose from a menu of options
  to create a benefit package tailored to their
  needs, 318
  CAFTA-DR. See Central America-Dominican
  Republic Free Trade Agreement
  (CAFTA-DR)
  Calamities, 204
  Cambridge Analytica, 97, 140
  Campfire, 64
  Canada, 176
  Canadian North, 213
  Capability development, and technology,
  537–538
  Capital budget, 504
  Capitalism, 154
  Capital requirement, 52
  Capterra, 81–82, 84–85
  Carbon emissions, 158
  Carbon footprint The output of
  carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
  gases, 157
  CareerBuilder, 303
  Career development
  being accountable, 22–23
  be self-reliance, 20
  connecting with people, 20–21
  continuous learning, 574
  critical skills, 573–574
  emotional intelligence, 19
  expert advice, 20
  generalist, 19
  learning and leading, 574–575
  learning cycle, 574
  Level 5 hierarchy, 574–575
  lifelong learning, 574–575
  and promotions, 352
  relationship with organization, 21
  specialist, 19
  Career path, 246
  Career Solvers, 473
  Carlo’s Bake Shop, 123
  Carnival Corporation, 339
  Cases
  Best Trust Bank, 485
  Big Bison Resorts, 426–427
  DIY Stores, 291–292
  Invincibility Systems, 327–328
  Niche Hotel Group (NHG), 357–358
  Oré Earth Skin Care, 163–164
  Quadra Drilling Systems, 455–456
  Soaring Eagle Skate Company, 102–103
  Soft Scroll, 227
  Stanley Lynch Investment Group, 264
  Tata Motors, 71–72
  Treasure Cup, 194
  Wish You Wood Toy Store, 135
  Worldwide Games, 550
  Cash budget, 504
  Cash cow, in BCG matrix, 127–128
  Caterpillar, 179, 251, 349
  Caux Principles A regenerative,
  collaborative economic system that
  contrasts with the linear economy
  described earlier by minimizing input,
  waste, emissions, and energy
  leakage, 143
  Cement companies, 239
  Centennials, 570
  Center for Generational Kinetics, 570
  Central America-Dominican Republic Free
  Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), 176
  Centralization, 35
  Centralized organization An
  organization in which high-level executives
  make most decisions and pass them down
  to lower levels for implementation, 245
  CEO pay, as ethical issue, 145
  CEO. See Chief executive officer (CEO)
  Ceremony, 65
  Certainty The state that exists when
  decision makers have accurate and
  comprehensive information, 78
  Challenge, 388
  Change and change management
  achieving sustained greatness,
  558–559
  anchor new approaches in culture, 569
  becoming world class, 556–559
  consolidate gains and produce more, 569
  creating and leading, 1
  education and communication, 563–564
  enlisting cooperation, 563–565
  explicit and implicit coercion, 564–565
  facilitation and support, 564–565
  genius of the and, 558
  harmonizing multiple changes, 565–567
  leading, 559–560, 567–569
  managing resistance, 560–565
  manipulation and cooptation, 564–565
  motivating people, 560–562
  moving, 563
  negotiation and rewards, 564–565
  organizational development, 559
  participation and involvement, 564
  refreezing, 563
  sustainable, great futures, 556–557
  tyranny of the or, 557
  unfreezing, 562–563
  See also Shaping the future
  Change vision, communication, 568
  ChanZuckerberg Initiative, 22
  Charismatic leader A person who is
  dominant, self-confident, convinced of the
  moral righteousness of his or her beliefs,588 Glossary / Subjects
  and able to arouse a sense of excitement
  and adventure in followers, 383
  Chatbot, 6
  Chevrolet, 539
  Chevron, 187
  Chevy, 53
  Chick-fil-A, 53, 123, 401
  Chief executive officer (CEO), 16, 119,
  241–242, 247
  Chief information officer
  (CIO) Executive in charge of information
  technology strategy and development, 16,
  242, 542
  Chief innovation officer, 542
  Chief operating officer (COO), 16
  Chief technology officer (CTO), 542
  Child labor provisions, 318
  Chile, 176
  Chi-Med, 540
  China, 274
  charismatic leaders from, 383
  companies outsourcing jobs to, 172
  disaster-resilient homes in, 386
  Disney theme park in, 131
  doing business via joint ventures, 184
  environmental problems in, 157
  feedback to employees in, 310
  Foxconn as employer in, 232
  and inexpensive labor force, 51
  and international licensing, 183
  and international management, 174–175
  lack of qualified executives, 185
  pressures for local responsiveness, 178–179
  problems with counterfeits, 191
  Quadra Drilling Systems in, 455
  socializing with boss, 465
  substitutes for leadership, 382
  tech-savvy shoppers in, 169
  top global firms in, 171
  trade war with, 4
  transnational model, 181
  China National Petroleum (China), 4, 171
  Chipotle, 53, 283, 498
  Chipotle Mexican Grill, 116
  Chrysler, 489
  Church & Dwight Company, 126
  Cigna Group, 59
  CIM. See Computer-integrated manufacturing
  (CIM)
  CIO. See Chief information (or technology, or
  knowledge) officer (CIO)
  Circle Internet Financial, 571
  Circular economy A regenerative,
  collaborative economic system that
  contrasts with the linear economy
  described earlier by minimizing input,
  waste, emissions, and energy leakage, 159
  Cisco, 434, 443, 466, 570
  Cisco Foundation, 277
  Cisco WebEx, 46
  Citibank, 152
  Citigroup, 306
  Civil aspiration, 154
  Civil Rights Act (1964), 334–335, 338
  Civil Rights Act (1991), 308
  Civil Rights Act (1964), Title VII of, 308
  Clairol, 126
  Clan control Control based on the
  norms, values, shared goals, and trust
  among group members, 494–495
  Classical approaches, to management, 32–33
  CliftonStrengths assessment, 20
  Climate, 44, 68
  company responsibility of impact on, 145
  organizational, 65–66
  Climate change, 49, 61, 158, 204, 555
  Clinton Global Initiative, 177
  Closeness of supervision, 375
  Cloud computing, 531
  CM. See Crisis management (CM)
  Coaching Dialogue with a goal of
  helping another be more effective and
  achieve his or her full potential on the job,
  310, 476
  Coalition, 60–61, 568
  Coalition model Model of
  organizational decision making in which
  groups with differing preferences use
  power and negotiation to influence
  decisions, 96
  Coal mining, 319
  Coal-mining technologies, 546
  Coca-Cola, 5, 49, 51–52, 54, 152, 155, 187,
  207, 273
  Cocheco Company, 33
  Coercion, for managing resistance to change,
  564–565
  Coercive power, 372
  Cognitive ability test, 305
  Cognitive conflict Issue-based
  differences in perspectives or
  judgments, 93
  Cohesiveness The degree to which
  a group is attractive to its members,
  members are motivated to remain in
  the group, and members influence one
  another, 445–448, 451–452
  Coinbase, 571
  Cold Stone Creamery, 183, 309
  Colgate, 186
  Colgate-Palmolive, 158
  Collaboration A style of dealing with
  conflict emphasizing both cooperation and
  assertiveness to maximize both parties’
  satisfaction, 7–8, 240, 450, 452, 545,
  575–576
  Collective bargaining, 320–321
  Collectivism. See Individualism/collectivism
  Colombia, 176
  Comcast NBCUniversal, 336, 366
  Communicating, 1
  encouraging open, 511
  general model of, 462
  improving skills, 469–475
  interpersonal, 462–469
  for managing resistance to change, 563–564
  media richness, 468
  one-way versus two-way, 462–463
  oral and written channels, 464
  organizational, 475–480
  pitfalls of, 463–464
  SoundCloud, 461
  See also entries for specific types of
  communication
  Communication The transmission of
  information and meaning from one party
  to another through the use of shared
  symbols, 462
  Communitarian entrepreneurial identity, 208
  Comparable worth Principle of
  equal pay for different jobs of equal
  worth, 318
  Compassion, 190
  Compensation and benefits, legal issues in,
  316, 318
  Competence skills of workforce, 117
  Competing A style of dealing with
  conflict involving strong focus on one’s
  own goals and little or no concern for the
  other person’s goals, 450
  Competition, 217, 446
  Competitive action, 62
  Competitive advantage, 62
  Competitive aggression, 59–60, 221
  Competitive environment The
  immediate environment surrounding a firm;
  includes suppliers, customers, rivals, and
  the like, 44
  competitors, 51–52, 68
  customers, 54–55, 68
  new entrants, 52, 68
  opportunities and threats in, 124–125
  substitutes and complements, 52–53, 68
  suppliers, 53–54, 68
  Competitive intelligence Information
  that helps managers determine how to
  compete better, 57
  Competitive landscape
  collaboration across boundaries, 7–8
  globalization, 4–5
  knowledge management, 6–7
  technological change, 5–6
  Competitive pacification, 59
  Competitor analysis, 121
  Competitors (rival firms), 50–52, 57, 68
  Complement, 52–53
  Compliance-based ethics program 
  Company mechanisms typically designed
  by corporate counsel to prevent, detect,
  and punish legal violations, 149
  Compromise A style of dealing with
  conflict involving moderate attention to
  both parties’ concerns, 449
  Computer-aided design, 284
  Computer-aided manufacturing, 284
  Computer chip, 534Glossary / Subjects 589
  Computer-integrated manufacturing
  (CIM) The use of computer-aided
  design and computer-aided manufacturing
  to sequence and optimize a number of
  production processes, 284
  Concentration A strategy an
  organization uses to operate a single
  business and compete in a single industry,
  126–127
  Concentric diversification A strategy
  used to add new businesses that produce
  related products or are involved in related
  markets and activities, 127
  Conceptual and decision skill Skill
  pertaining to abilities that help to identify
  and resolve problems for the benefit of the
  organization and its members, 18
  Concern for people, 375, 377
  Concern for production, 375, 377
  Concurrent control The control
  process used while plans are being carried
  out, including directing, monitoring, and
  fine-tuning activities as they are performed,
  499–500
  Concurrent engineering A design
  approach in which all relevant functions
  cooperate jointly and continually in a
  maximum effort aimed at producing highquality products that meet customers’
  needs, 287
  Conference Board, 58
  Conflict Opposing pressures from
  different sources, occurring on the level of
  psychological conflict or conflict between
  individuals or groups, 80
  constructive, in decision making, 92–93
  and culture, 449
  management strategies for, 449–451
  managing, 449–451
  Conflict style, 449–451
  Conglomerate diversification A
  strategy used to add new businesses that
  produce unrelated products or are involved
  in unrelated markets and activities,
  127–128
  Congressional testimony, 3
  Consequences, 404
  Consideration, 375–376
  Constructive conflict, 92–93
  Constructive conflict management, 448
  Consulting firms, 234
  Consumer Expenditure Survey, 233
  Container Store, 280
  Contemporary approaches, to management,
  32, 37
  Content validity, 306
  Contingencies Factors that determine
  the appropriateness of managerial
  actions, 38
  Contingency perspective An
  approach to the study of management
  proposing that the managerial strategies,
  structures, and processes that result
  in high performance depend on the
  characteristics, or important contingencies,
  of the situation in which they are
  applied, 32, 37–38
  Contingency plans Alternative courses
  of action that can be implemented based
  on how the future unfolds, 83, 111–112
  Contingency theory, 32, 37–38
  Contingent worker, 62
  Continuous improvement, 9
  Continuous process A process that
  is highly automated and has a continuous
  production flow, 283
  Contracted development, of technology, 540
  Contraction, 60–62
  Control Any process that directs
  the activities of individuals toward the
  achievement of organizational goals, 494
  Control culture, 71
  Control cycle, 495–499
  Controlling The management function
  of monitoring performance and making
  needed changes, 1, 12, 14–15
  Control systems, designing effective, 510–513
  Conventional stage, 144
  Cooperation, 449–450
  Cooperation, enlisting, 563–565
  Cooperative strategies Strategies
  used by firms who want to reach their
  objectives in cooperation with other firms
  through alliances and partnerships rather
  than by competing with them, 60–61
  Coopetition Simultaneous competition
  and cooperation among companies with
  the intent of creating value, 8
  Cooptation, 60–61, 564–565
  Coordination The procedures that link
  the various parts of an organization for the
  purpose of achieving the organization’s
  overall mission, 239, 240
  Coordination and communication,
  258–259
  Coordination by mutual adjustment 
  Units interact with one another to make
  accommodations to achieve flexible
  coordination, 257–258
  Coordination by plan Interdependent
  units are required to meet deadlines and
  objectives that contribute to a common
  goal, 256
  Coordination by standardization, 256
  COO. See Chief operating officer (COO)
  CopyShark.net, 212
  Core capability (competence) A
  unique skill and/or knowledge an
  organization possesses that gives it an
  edge over competitors, 123–124, 272
  Corning, 124
  Corporate citizenship, 117
  Corporate diplomacy An umbrella
  term for attempting to influence external
  stakeholders through a variety of strategic
  activities, 60
  Corporate entrepreneurship
  building intrapreneurship, 220
  management challenges, 220–221
  orientation, 221
  support for idea, 219–220
  Corporate ethical standards, 147
  Corporate governance The role of
  a corporation’s executive staff and board
  of directors in ensuring that the firm’s
  activities meet the goals of the firm’s
  stakeholders, 242
  Corporate Knights, 11
  Corporate mission statement, 64
  Corporate responsibility, 1
  contrasting views, 154–155
  corporate social responsibility (CSR), 153
  philanthropic responsibilities, 154
  pyramid of global corporate social
  responsibility and performance, 153
  reconciliation, 155
  stewardship, 152
  transcendent education, 154
  Corporate social responsibility (CSR) 
  Obligation toward society assumed by
  business, 153, 207
  See also Ethics
  Corporate strategy The set of
  businesses, markets, or industries in
  which an organization competes and the
  distribution of resources among those
  entities, 126, 127–128
  Costa Rica, 176
  Cost budget, 504
  Costco, 117, 169
  Cost competitiveness Keeping costs
  low to achieve profits and be able to offer
  prices that are attractive to consumers,
  11–12
  Costs
  and ethics, 150
  of technology, 533–534
  Counterfeits, 191
  County business patterns, 233
  Courage, 150–151, 386–387
  Cowork Café, 443
  Co-working, 443
  CPO Commerce, 477
  Cradle-to-cradle approach, 158
  Creativity, 573
  actions, 94
  brainstorming, 94–95590 Glossary / Subjects
  Creativity—Cont.
  encouraging, 93–94
  in group decision making, 92–94
  Crisis, decision making in, 96–98
  Crisis management (CM) Process
  of identifying, preparing for, and dealing
  with potentially catastrophic threats to an
  organization, 96
  Criterion-related validity, 306
  Critical period, 439
  CRM. See Customer relationship management
  (CRM)
  CropEnergies AG, 121
  Cross-cultural competence. See Diversity
  Cross-functional coordination, 248
  Cross-selling, 140
  Crowdfunding, 212, 215
  CrowdRise, 212
  CSR. See Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
  C-suite, 16, 241
  CTO. See Chief technology officer (CTO)
  Cultural assessment, 65
  Cultural intelligence, diversity and, 573
  Culture, 44, 68, 71
  bridging divides, 188
  and conflict management, 449
  culture shock, 188
  diagnosing, 64–65
  ethnocentrism, 187
  inpatriate, 189
  managing, 65
  organization, 63–65
  and working overseas, 187–189
  Culture shock The disorientation and
  stress associated with being in a foreign
  environment, 188
  Current events, 38
  Current ratio A liquidity ratio that
  indicates the extent to which short-term
  assets can decline and still be adequate to
  pay short-term liabilities, 507
  Customer(s), 50, 57, 279
  actions and attitudes affect, 55
  final, 54
  identifying current and future, 571–572
  intermediate, 54
  Customer division, 250
  Customer goal, 117
  Customer intimacy, 117
  Customer relationship management
  (CRM) A multifaceted process focusing on
  creating two-way exchanges with customers
  to foster intimate knowledge of their needs,
  wants, and buying patterns, 278–280
  Customer value, 117, 280
  Customization, 206
  Custom-made solutions New, creative
  solutions designed specifically for the
  problem, 81
  CVS, 63
  Cyberattacks, 204
  Cybersecurity, 97, 128
  D
  Dale Carnegie, 410
  Dannon, 49
  “Dark Triad” traits, 374
  Darwinian entrepreneurial identity, 208
  Data, and predictive analytics, 89
  Death, of entrepreneur, 213–214
  Debt–equity ratio A leverage ratio that
  indicates the company’s ability to meet its
  long-term financial obligations, 508
  Decentralization, 245–246
  Decentralized approach, 61
  Decentralized organization An
  organization in which lower-level managers
  make important decisions, 245
  Decision making
  barriers to effective, 86–89
  best decisions, 86
  characteristics of managerial
  conflict, 80
  lack of structure, 70
  uncertainty and risk, 78–79
  delegating and decentralizing and, 250
  engaging younger generations, 273
  ethics in, 149–150
  general stages of, 110
  in groups
  cons, 89–91
  pros, 89–90
  judgment and, 573
  leadership participation in, 376
  managing group, 91–95
  organizational
  constraints on decision makers, 95–96
  in crisis, 96–98
  processes, 96
  permanent interdepartmental, 259
  phases of, 100
  evaluating alternatives, 82–83
  evaluating decision, 85
  generating alternative solutions, 81–82
  identifying and diagnosing problem, 81
  implementing decision, 85–86
  making choice, 84
  and technology, 535–538
  Defects per million opportunities (DPMO),
  500–501
  Defender firm, 537–538
  Defenders Companies that stay within
  a stable product domain as a strategic
  maneuver, 59
  Delegation The assignment of new or
  additional responsibilities to a subordinate,
  213, 242
  advantages of, 244
  in horizontal organization structure, 250
  responsibility, authority, and accountability,
  243–244
  steps to, 244–245
  in vertical organization structure, 242–245
  Delivery.com, 571
  Dell, 54, 232, 283, 286, 303
  Deloitte Consulting, 172, 301
  Deloitte & Touche, 352
  Demand, changes in, 54
  Demand forecast, 300–301
  Deming’s 14 Points of Quality, 280–281
  Democratic leadership A form of
  leadership in which the leader solicits input
  from subordinates, 376
  Democratic Republic of Congo, 190
  Demographic change, 204
  Demographics Measures of various
  characteristics of the people who make up
  groups or other social units, 44, 47–48,
  68, 174
  Demotivating job, 412–413
  Departmentalization Subdividing an
  organization into smaller subunits,
  246–247, 250
  Department of Homeland Security (DHS), 401
  Department of Labor, 308
  Designer role, 255
  Design thinking A human-centered
  approach to problem solving and solution
  finding that is based on nonlinear
  iterations of inspiration, ideation, and
  implementation, 545–546
  Development Helping managers and
  professional employees learn the broad
  skills needed for their present and future
  jobs, 309
  Development project A focused
  organizational effort to create a new
  product or process via technological
  advances, 546
  Devil’s advocacy A person who
  has the job of criticizing ideas to ensure
  that their downsides are fully
  explored, 93
  Devil’s advocate A person who has the
  job of criticizing ideas to ensure that their
  downsides are fully explored, 93
  DHS. See Department of Homeland Security
  (DHS)
  Diagio, 4
  Dialectic A structured debate comparing
  two conflicting courses of action, 93
  Different assessments, and resistance to
  change, 560–562
  Differentiation An aspect of the
  organization’s internal environment created
  by job specialization and the division of
  labor, 238–239
  Differentiation strategy A strategy
  an organization uses to build competitive
  advantage by being unique in its industry
  or market segment along one or more
  dimensions, 129Glossary / Subjects 591
  Digital communication, social media and,
  465–468
  Digital entrepreneur, 206
  Digital wallet payment, 206
  Digital World boxes
  artificial intelligence (AI), 351, 388
  BYOD and BYOA policies, 541
  chatbot, 6
  crowdfunding, 212
  digital monitoring and ethics, 147
  employee performance reviews, 497
  global mail etiquette, 190
  global virtual teamwork, 440
  Gmail, 468
  online networks replace traditional
  hierarchies, 257
  organization culture, 64
  predictive analytics, 89
  “social listening,” 280
  social media profiles, 304
  technological advances, 122
  technology to motivate, 420
  tech-savvy Gen Z enters workforce, 570
  D&I initiatives, 436, 501
  Dillard’s, 286
  Direct contact (mutual adjustment), 259
  Directive leadership, 375, 381
  Disabilities, including people with, 336,
  340–341
  Disaster, contingency plan for, 112
  Disaster-resilient homes, engineering, 386
  Discipline, 35
  Discounting the future (also Discount
  the future) A bias weighting short-term
  costs and benefits more heavily than
  longer-term costs and benefits, 87
  Discover learning cycle, 574
  Discrimination, 152, 335
  See also Diversity
  D&I. See Diversity and inclusion (D&I)
  initiative (D&I)
  Disney, 203, 556–557
  Disney Plus, 131
  Disruptive innovation A process
  by which a product, service, or business
  model takes root initially in simple
  applications at the bottom of a market
  and then moves “up market,”
  eventually displacing established
  competitors, 531
  Disseminator, 17
  Distribution channel, 127
  Disturbance, 17
  Diverse supplier, 336
  Diverse team, 92
  Diverse workforce One in which
  there are both similarities and differences
  among employees in terms of age,
  cultural background, physical abilities and
  disabilities, race, religion, sex, and sexual
  orientation, 334
  Diversification A firm’s investment in a
  different product, business, or geographic
  area, 59, 128
  Diversity Bringing in multiple distinctive
  categories of people sharing human
  commonalities; a broad term used to
  refer to all kinds of differences. These
  differences include education, political
  belief, religion, and income in addition to
  gender, race, ethnicity, and nationality,
  335, 342, 348–349
  accountability, 352
  advantages of, in workforce, 1, 48
  advantages through, and inclusion, 343
  age, 341
  assumptions and implications, 348
  attracting, 349
  awareness building among, 350–351
  and brand marketing, 126
  career development and promotions, 35
  changing workforce, 335–341
  company diversity initiatives, examples of, 336
  components of diversified workforce,
  335–336
  and cultural intelligence, 573
  educational, 446
  education levels, 341
  gender issues, 336
  history, 334–335
  and inclusion, 342–347
  management, 448
  mental and physical disabilities,
  340–341
  mentoring, 352
  minorities and immigrants, 339–340
  multicultural organizations, 347–348
  national, 446
  and pay inequities, 152
  retaining, 351–352
  skill building, 351
  start-ups and, 217
  in teams, 92
  training, 350–351
  women, top companies for, 338
  See also entries for specific types of diversity;
  Inclusion; Recruitment
  Diversity and inclusion (D&I) initiative
  (D&I), 416
  Diversity council, sponsoring, 336
  Diversity management, 448
  Diversity training Programs that
  focus on identifying and reducing hidden
  biases against people with differences and
  developing the skills needed to manage a
  diversified workforce, 310
  Divestiture A firm selling one or more
  businesses, 59
  Divisional organization 
  Departmentalization that groups units
  around products, customers, or geographic
  regions, 249–251
  Division of labor The assignment
  of different tasks to different people or
  groups, 238
  Division of work, 35
  DIY Stores, 291–292
  Dogs, in BCG matrix, 127–128
  Domain selection Entering a new
  market or industry using an existing
  expertise, 58
  Dominican Republic, 176
  Domino’s, 498
  Donor Alliance, 281
  Dow Chemical, 158, 186
  Dow Jones, 233
  Dow Jones Industrial Average, 45
  Downsizing The planned elimination of
  positions or jobs, 278, 306
  Downward
  communication Information that
  flows from higher to lower levels in the
  organization’s hierarchy, 475
  coaching, 476
  in difficult times, 476–477
  information loss in, 475–476
  open-book management, 477
  DPMO. See Defects per million opportunities
  (DPMO)
  Drive, leader, 373–374
  Dropbox, 53, 440
  Dr Pepper Snapple, 63, 273
  Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988, 305
  Drug testing, 305
  Dual-career couple, 186
  DuPont, 531
  Dynamic capabilities Higher-level
  strategic capabilities (compared with
  ordinary capabilities) that aid rapid
  adaptation, 272
  Dynamic network Temporary
  arrangements among partners that can be
  assembled and reassembled to adapt to
  the environment, 254
  Dynamic organization, building, 14
  E
  Early adopter, 529, 534, 538. See also
  Technology
  EA Sports, 540
  Eastman Kodak, 184
  eBay, 49, 82, 207, 525
  EBSCOhost, 233
  Ecomagination, 157
  E-commerce, 205–206
  Economic dislocation, 204
  Economic environment, 174, 211
  Economic programs (data by sector), 233
  Economic responsibilities To produce
  goods and services that society wants at
  a price that perpetuates the business and
  satisfies its obligations to investors, 153
  Economic strike, 321
  Economic viability, 536–538
  Economies of scale Reductions in the
  average cost of a unit of production as the592 Glossary / Subjects
  total volume produced increases, 32, 39,
  276, 280
  Economies of scope Economies in
  which materials and processes employed
  in one product can be used to make other,
  related products, 275–276
  Economist’s Global Forecasting Service, 58
  Economy, 44–46, 68
  global, 170–173
  government influence over, 45
  EDGAR database, 233
  Edmunds.com, 82
  Edom Nutritional Solutions, 208
  Education
  diversity and levels of, 341
  diversity in, 446
  for managing resistance to change, 563
  of workforce, 48
  EEOC. See Equal Employment Opportunity
  Commission (EEOC)
  Effective, 12
  Effects, 404
  Efficient, 12
  Effort-to-performance link, 406–407
  Egalitarianism, 543
  Egoism An ethical system defining
  acceptable behavior as that which
  maximizes consequences for the
  individual, 143
  Electrical grid, 97
  Electronic word processing, 534
  El Salvador, 176
  Email, 465–468. See also Digital communication
  Email etiquette, 190
  Emerging technologies, 534
  Emotional intelligence (EQ) Skills of
  understanding yourself, managing yourself,
  and dealing effectively with others, 19, 573
  Empathy, 154, 436
  Employee benefits, 317–318
  Employee engagement When
  employees invest their physical, mental,
  and emotional energy into performing
  their jobs, including working hard
  and producing, taking initiative, and
  contributing additional citizenship
  behaviors, 415
  Employee feedback, 314
  Employee monitoring, future trends in, 516
  Employee Polygraph Protection Act
  (EPPA), 305
  Employee Retirement Income Security Act
  (ERISA), 318
  Employee satisfaction and well-being, 419–422
  Employee tracking, 509
  Employment-at-will The legal concept
  that an employer can terminate an
  employee for any reason, 307
  Empowering, 444
  Empowerment The process of sharing
  power with employees, thereby enhancing
  their confidence in their ability to perform
  their jobs and their belief that they are
  influential contributors to the organization,
  61, 415–416
  Energy efficiency, 204
  Energy needs, managing, 566
  Engineering, 122
  Entrance, 446
  Entrepreneur Individual who
  establishes a new organization without the
  benefit of corporate sponsorship, 17, 201
  Entrepreneur.com and magazine, 233
  Entrepreneurial orientation The
  tendency of an organization to identify and
  capitalize successfully on opportunities to
  launch new ventures by entering new or
  established markets with new or existing
  goods or services, 221
  Entrepreneurial personality, 208–210
  Entrepreneurial venture A new
  business having growth and high
  profitability as primary objectives, 200
  Entrepreneur magazine, 205
  Entrepreneurship The pursuit of
  lucrative opportunities by enterprising
  individuals, 1, 200
  corporate, 219–221
  e-commerce, 205–206
  entrepreneurial personality, 208–210
  franchises, 204–205
  idea, 203
  increasing chances of success, 214–219
  information/resources, 233–234
  innovation, 209–210
  Latina entrepreneurs, 207
  making good choices, 209–210
  management challenges, 211–214
  myths about, 200–201
  next frontiers for, 205
  nonfinancial resources, 218–219
  opportunity, 203–204
  risk, 209–210
  role of economic environment, 211
  social, 206–208
  Starbucks, 199–200, 210, 222
  start-ups and diversity, 217
  strategy matrix, 209–210
  success and failure, 210–211
  successful entrepreneurs, 201–202
  what it takes to succeed, 203
  who is an entrepreneur, 203, 224
  why become an entrepreneur, 22
  Entry mode
  exporting, 182–183
  franchising, 182–183
  joint ventures, 182, 184
  licensing, 182–183
  wholly owned subsidiaries, 182, 184
  Environmental agenda, 158–159
  Environmental analysis, 55–58, 120–121
  attractive and unattractive environments, 57
  benchmarking, 58
  forecasting, 58
  scanning, 57
  scenario development, 57
  uncertainty, 56
  Environmental complexity, 56
  Environmental degradation, 157
  Environmental dynamism, 56
  Environmental risk, 157
  Environmental scanning Searching
  for and sorting through information about
  the environment, 57
  Environmental uncertainty When
  managers do not have enough information
  about the environment to understand or
  predict the future, 56
  Environment context, 217
  EPPA. See Employee Polygraph Protection Act
  (EPPA)
  EQ. See Emotional intelligence (EQ)
  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
  (EEOC), 308
  Equal employment laws, U.S., 308–309
  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
  (EEOC), 47, 338
  Equal pay, 152
  Equal Pay Act (1963), 308, 318
  Equal-pay-for-equal-work, 318
  Equifax, 155
  Equity, 35, 417–418
  Equity theory A theory stating that
  people assess how fairly they have been
  treated according to two key factors:
  outcomes and inputs, 416–418
  ERF theory, Alderfer’s, 409
  ERISA. See Employee Retirement Income
  Security Act (ERISA)
  Ernst & Young. See EY (formerly Ernst &
  Young)
  ESPN, 131
  Esprit de corps, 35
  Esteem or ego needs, 409–410
  Ethical climate In an organization,
  the processes by which decisions are
  evaluated and made on the basis of right
  and wrong, 146
  Ethical issue Situation, problem, or
  opportunity in which an individual must
  choose among several actions that must be
  evaluated as morally right or wrong, 142
  Ethical leader One who is both a moral
  person and a moral manager influencing
  others to behave ethically, 147
  Ethical responsibilities Meeting other
  social expectations, not written as law, 153
  Ethics The system of rules that governs
  the ordering of values, 1, 140
  astroturfing, 142
  business, 144–145
  codes, 147–148
  corporate standards, 147Glossary / Subjects 593
  costs and, 150
  courage, 150–151
  cross-selling, 140
  danger signs of unethical behavior, 146
  in decision making, 149–150
  economic responsibilities, 153
  egoism, 143
  ethical responsibilities, 153
  fictional blogs, 142
  issues in international management, 190–191
  issues of, in business, 145
  legal responsibilities, 153
  lying/truth-telling, 141
  programs, 148
  relativism, 143–144, 149
  scandals, 140
  systems, 142–144
  triple bottom line, 153
  universalism, 142–143, 149
  utilitarianism, 143
  virtue, 143–144
  Ethics codes, 147–148
  Ethics of Management, The (Hosmer), 150
  Ethics Resource Center, 148
  Ethnic diversity, 48
  Ethnic News Watch, 233
  Ethnocentrism The tendency to judge
  others by the standards of one’s own group
  or culture, which are seen as superior,
  187, 348
  Etsy, 299, 349
  Euro, 173–174
  Euromonitor, 233
  European Union (EU)
  and Brexit, 79
  and international management, 173–174
  and ISO 9001, 282
  pressures for local responsiveness, 178–179
  uncertainty and risk, 70
  Eurozone, 38
  EU. See European Union (EU)
  Evaluating, and human resources,
  299–302, 323
  Evernote, 53
  Everyone-else-does-it self-defense, 147
  Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, 233
  Executive, international, 186
  Executive champion An executive who
  supports a new technology and protects
  the product champion, 543
  Executive Orders 11246 and 11375 (1965), 308
  Executive pay, 317
  Existence needs, 410
  Expatriates Parent-company nationals
  who are sent to work at a foreign
  subsidiary, 185, 186
  Expectancy Employees’ perception of
  the likelihood that their efforts will enable
  them to attain their performance goals,
  406–407
  Expectancy theory A theory proposing
  that people will behave based on their
  perceived likelihood that their effort will
  lead to a certain outcome and on how
  highly they value that outcome, 406–407
  Experimenting, and innovation, 544
  Expert power, 372–373
  Explicit and implicit coercion, for managing
  resistance to change, 564
  Exploitation, 270, 544
  Exploration, 270, 544
  Explore learning cycle, 574
  Exporting, 182–183
  Express Scripts Holding Co., 59
  Extended enterprise, 54
  External audit An evaluation conducted
  by one organization, such as a CPA firm, on
  another, 502
  External environment All relevant
  forces outside a firm’s boundaries, such as
  competitors, customers, the government,
  and the economy, 1, 38, 44, 68
  acquisition, 59
  actively managing, 58–62
  adapting to, 61–62
  changing, 58–59
  changing organization, 61–62
  choosing approach, 62
  cooperative action, 60–61
  diversification, 59
  domain selection, 58–59
  influencing, 59–60
  merger, 59
  strategic maneuvering, 58
  External locus of control, 381
  External opportunities and threats, in
  management process, 118–121
  External recruiting, 303
  External technological trends, 534–535
  Extinction Withdrawing or failing to
  provide a reinforcing consequence, 404
  Extrinsic reward Reward given to a
  person by the boss, the company, or some
  other person, 411
  ExxonMobil, 171, 305, 555, 566
  EY (formerly Ernst & Young), 233, 301, 336,
  340, 352, 561
  F
  Facebook, 3–4, 6, 10, 15, 97, 142, 242, 303,
  305, 337, 341, 465, 533, 541, 570–571
  Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data breach, 140
  Face-to-face communication, 468
  Facilitation and support, for managing
  resistance to change, 564–565
  FacioMetrics, 541
  Factiva, 233
  Fail-safing, 287
  Failure, of entrepreneur, 212–213
  Failure rate The number of expatriate
  managers of an overseas operation who
  come home early, 186
  Fair Labor Standards Act (1938), 308, 318
  Fairness, 190
  assessing equity, 417–418
  equity theory, 416–418
  procedural justice, 418–419
  restoring equity, 418
  Family, accommodating work needs and, 350
  Family and Medical Leave Act (1991), 308
  Family-friendly benefit, 337
  Farming innovations, 538
  Fast Company, 233
  Fast-food companies, 239
  FCA. See Fiat-Chrysler Automobiles (FCA)
  FDA. See Food & Drug Administration (FDA)
  FDI. See Foreign direct investment (FDI)
  Federal Express Corporation, 444
  Federal Interagency Reentry Council, 350
  Federal Reserve, 45
  Federal Reserve Board, 146
  Federal Reserve Bulletin, 233
  FedEx, 54, 340
  Feedback, 415
  providing, 405–406
  and younger employees, 273
  Feedback control Control that focuses
  on the use of information about previous
  results to correct deviations from the
  acceptable standard, 499, 500
  Feedforward control The control
  process used before operations begin,
  including policies, procedures, and rules
  designed to ensure that planned activities
  are carried out properly, 499, 500
  Femininity. See Masculinity/femininity
  Fiat-Chrysler Automobiles (FCA), 8
  Fictional blog, 142
  Fidelity Investments, 337
  Fiedler’s contingency’s model of
  leadership effectiveness A situational
  approach to leadership postulating that
  effectiveness depends on the personal
  style of the leader and the degree to
  which the situation gives the leader power,
  control, and influence over the situation,
  379–380
  Fifth Amendment, 147
  Figurehead, 17
  Filtering The process of withholding,
  ignoring, or distorting information, 463
  Final consumer A customer who
  purchases products in their finished form, 54
  Financial analysis, 122
  Financial control
  balance sheet, 505–506
  financial ratios, 507–508
  profit and loss statement, 507
  Financial goal, 117
  First Data Corp., 366
  FirstSearch, 233
  Fitbit, 212
  500 Startups, 211
  Flexible benefit programs Benefit
  programs in which employees are given594 Glossary / Subjects
  credits to spend on benefits that fit their
  unique needs, 318
  Flexible factory Manufacturing plant
  that has short production runs, is organized
  around products, and uses decentralized
  scheduling, 62, 284
  Flexible manufacturing, 283–285
  Flexible processes Methods for
  adapting the technical core to changes in
  the environment, 62
  Flexible work arrangement, 273
  Flipkart, 206, 274
  Followership, 371, 533–534
  Food & Drug Administration (FDA), 52, 498
  Food poisoning, 116
  Food safety violations, 116
  Foolproofing, 287
  Footprint, 157
  Force-field analysis An approach
  to implementing the unfreezing/moving/
  refreezing model by identifying the forces
  that prevent people from changing and those
  that will drive people toward change, 563
  Ford Motor Company, 18, 72, 113, 184, 313,
  386–387, 489, 546
  Forecast (or forecasting) Method for
  predicting how variables will change the
  future, 58
  Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 146
  Foreign direct investment (FDI), 170
  Forever 21, 339
  Formalization The presence of rules
  and regulations governing how people in
  the organization interact, 256
  Formal position authority, 240
  Formal structure, of organization, 270–271
  Formulation, in management process, 118–119,
  124–129
  401(k) plan, 318
  40K Plus Education, 208
  Foxconn, 232
  Fox studio, 131
  Framing effect A decision bias
  influenced by the way in which a problem
  or decision alternative is phrased or
  presented, 87
  Franchise, 204–205
  Franchise Chat, 205
  Franchising An entrepreneurial alliance
  between a franchisor (an innovator who has
  created at least one successful store and
  wants to grow) and a franchisee (a partner
  who manages a new store of the same type
  in a new location), 182–183, 204
  Freenome, 204
  Friendster, 533
  Frontline manager Lower-level manager
  who supervises the operational activities of
  the organization, 16–17, 114, 116
  Functional manager, 253
  Functional organization 
  Departmentalization around specialized
  activities such as production,
  marketing, and human resources,
  247, 248–249
  Functional strategy Strategy
  implemented by each functional area of the
  organization to support the organization’s
  business strategy, 129
  Functions of the Executives, The (Barnard), 35
  Fundamental budgetary considerations,
  503–504
  FundersClub, 215
  Fundly, 212
  G
  GAAP. See Generally accepted accounting
  principles (GAAP)
  Gale Group, 233
  Gallup, 20
  Gambling, 86
  Gap Inc., 49, 169, 302, 310, 463, 497
  Garbage can model Model of
  organizational decision making depicting
  a chaotic process and seemingly random
  decisions, 96
  Gatekeeper A team member who
  keeps abreast of current developments
  and provides the team with relevant
  information, 447
  Gatorade GX, 9
  GDP. See Gross domestic product (GDP)
  GE Capital, 128
  Geert Hofstede, 188–189
  GE Global Research, 536
  Gender diversity, 48, 335–339. See also
  Diversity
  General Dynamics, 337
  General Electric Corporation, 127–128,
  156–157, 275–276, 281, 349–350, 480,
  497, 556–557
  Generalist, 19
  Generality, 154
  Generally accepted accounting principles
  (GAAP), 504
  General Mills, 49, 338
  General model for managing resistance,
  562–563
  General Motors (GM), 59, 110–111, 113, 124,
  150, 175, 237–238, 246, 250–251,
  260, 275–276, 283, 337, 384, 489,
  504, 545
  Generation X (Gen X), 7
  Generation Z (Gen Z), 7, 570
  Generic drug maker, 533
  Generic value chain, 279
  genius of the and Ability to achieve
  multiple objectives simultaneously, 558
  Geographic division, 250
  Ghana, 80, 206
  Glass ceiling An invisible barrier that
  makes it difficult for women and minorities
  to move beyond a certain hierarchical
  level, 337
  Glassdoor.com, 316
  GlaxoSmithKline, 241
  Global business. See Business, geography of
  Global Business Institute (Indiana
  University), 5
  Global economy. See Economy
  Global Environment Fund, 159
  Global expansion, 182
  Global Fund, 59
  Global Insight (formerly DRI-WEFA), 233
  Global integration, 177–178
  Globalization
  and competitive landscape, 4–5, 8
  ethical issues in business, 145, 558
  ethnocentrism and, 187, 189, 191
  inclusiveness, 352
  international management, 174
  Global model An organizational model
  consisting of a company’s overseas
  subsidiaries and characterized by
  centralized decision making and tight
  control by the parent company over most
  aspects of worldwide operations; typically
  adopted by organizations that base
  their global competitive strategy on cost
  considerations, 178, 180
  Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), 157
  Global strategy
  choosing, 179–182
  and global integration, 177–178
  global model, 180
  international model, 179
  and local responsiveness, 178–179
  multinational model, 179–180
  transnational model, 180–182
  Global virtual teamwork, 440
  GM, 184
  GMail, 220, 468
  Goal A target or end that management
  desires to reach, 111–112
  Goal displacement A decision-making
  group loses sight of its original goal and a
  new, less important goal emerges, 90–91
  Goal setting
  limitations of, 402–403
  setting own, 403
  stretch goals, 402
  Goal-setting theory A motivation
  theory stating that people have conscious
  goals that energize them and direct their
  thoughts and behaviors toward a particular
  end, 401
  GoFundMe, 212
  Goldman Sachs, 147
  Good to Great (Collins), 574–575
  Goodwill, 408
  Google, 8, 531, 87, 217, 220, 274, 297, 310, 322,
  337, 468, 528, 544, 549
  Google Docs, 440Glossary / Subjects 595
  Google+ Hangouts, 467
  Google Ventures, 205
  GoPayment, 545
  GoPro, 79, 248
  Gore & Associates, 106
  Government, alliances with, 277
  Governmental agency, 47. See also entries for
  specific governmental agencies
  Government initiatives and rule changes, 204
  Graft, 146
  Grameen Bank, 496
  Grameen Foundation, 206
  Grapevine Informal communication
  network, 479
  Grass roots social entrepreneurship, 156
  Great Clips, 204
  Green bandwagon, 158
  Green Gas, 202
  GRI. See Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
  Grizzly Bear Lodge, 520
  Gross domestic product (GDP), 174
  Group Danone, 158
  Group maintenance
  behaviors Actions taken to ensure
  the satisfaction of group members,
  develop and maintain harmonious work
  relationships, and preserve the social
  stability of the group, 375–376
  Group performance, 445–446
  Group processes, 438–441
  Groupthink A phenomenon that occurs
  in decision making when group members
  avoid disagreement as they strive for
  consensus, 90–91, 445
  Growth needs, 410–411
  Growth need strength The degree
  to which individuals want personal and
  psychological development, 415
  Guatemala, 176
  Guide to Special Issues and Indexes to
  Periodicals, 233
  H
  Habitat for Humanity, 119
  Hacker, 97
  Hackman and Oldham model, 413–415
  Harassment, 338
  Harley-Davidson, 170, 489, 535
  Harver, 351, 360
  Hawthorne Effect People’s reactions
  to being observed or studied resulting in
  superficial rather than meaningful changes
  in behavior, 35, 39
  Health and safety, 318–319
  Health care, 145, 204–205, 534
  cost control, 493
  as ethical issue in business
  Health Effects Institute (HEI), 157
  Health insurance plan, 317–318
  Heineken, 180
  Herceptin, 532
  Hersey and Blanchard’s situational
  theory A life-cycle theory of leadership
  postulating that a manager should consider
  an employee’s psychological and job
  maturity before deciding whether task
  performance or maintenance behaviors are
  more important, 380
  Hershey Company, The, 148
  Hertz, 500
  Hewlett-Packard (HP), 54, 203, 232, 305–306,
  338, 349, 401, 466
  Hierarchical leader, 386
  Hierarchical structure, 242, 255
  Hierarchy The authority levels of the
  organizational pyramid, 242
  High-growth, strong-competitive-position
  business, 127–128
  High-growth, weak-competitive-position
  business, 127–128
  High information processing demands, 258
  High-involvement organization A
  type of organization in which top
  management ensures that there is
  consensus about the direction in which the
  business is heading, 275
  High-performance norm, 446
  Hilton International, 183, 338
  Hilton Worldwide, 179
  Hipchat, 64
  Hispanic Americans, 335, 339–340. See also
  Diversity
  Hispanic Forum, 349
  Hitachi, 168
  Hitachi Solutions Europe, 465
  H&M, 248
  Hobby Lobby, 401
  Holacracy, 106
  Holland America Line, 339
  Home Depot, The, 339
  Homogeneity, 347
  Honda, 171, 179, 313, 535
  Honduras, 176
  Honest Tea, 401
  Honesty, 190
  Honeywell, 352
  Hon Hai (Foxconn), 175
  Hoovers.com, 233
  Horizontal communication 
  Information shared among people on the
  same hierarchical level, 478–479
  Horizontal structure
  departmentalization, 246–247
  divisional organization, 249–251
  functional organization, 247–249
  line departments, 246
  line managers, 246
  matrix organization, 251–254
  network organization, 254–255
  staff departments, 246
  Hospitality Management Corp., 305
  Host-country national Native of the
  country where an overseas subsidiary is
  located, 185
  Hostile environment, 338
  HP. See Hewlett-Packard (HP)
  H&R Block, 183
  HRM. See Human resources management
  (HRM)
  HubSpot, 206
  Hughes Aircraft, 251
  Hult Prize Foundation, 177
  Hulu, 52, 131
  Human capital The knowledge, skills,
  and abilities of employees that have
  economic value, 299
  Human dignity, 143
  Human process intervention, 559
  Human relations A classical
  management approach that attempted
  to understand and explain how human
  psychological and social processes
  interact with the formal aspects of the work
  situation to influence performance, 32,
  35–36, 39
  reward system design, 315–319
  staffing, 302–309
  strategic impact criteria for, 298–299
  supply and demand, 301–302
  training and development, 309–311
  Human resources management (HRM) 
  Formal systems for the management of
  people within an organization, 1, 298
  analysis, 121
  assessment, 122
  demand forecasts, 300–301
  evaluating, 299–302, 323
  intervention, 559
  labor relations, 319–322
  labor supply forecasts, 300–301
  performance appraisal, 311–315
  planning process, 299–302, 323
  programming activities, 300, 323
  Humanyze, 509
  Huntsman Corporation, 401
  Hyatt Hotels, 57, 179
  Hydrogen-powered fuel cell technology, 536
  Hygiene factors Characteristics of
  the workplace, such as company policies,
  working conditions, pay, and supervision,
  that can make people dissatisfied, 413
  Hyperloop, 525
  Hyundai, 187
  I
  Iberdrola, 187
  IBM, 5, 57, 123, 139–140, 151, 159, 168–169,
  176, 179, 203, 275, 296, 298, 337, 384,
  493, 544, 570
  Icon Meals, 9
  Ideation, 545
  IDEO, 63, 82, 94, 545
  iGen, 570
  IHOP, 309
  IKEA, 53, 152
  Illiteracy, 474596 Glossary / Subjects
  Illusion of control People’s belief that
  they can influence events even when they
  have no control over what will happen, 86
  Immersive technology, 535
  Immigrants and immigration, 339–340
  effect on U.S. population and labor force, 48
  and managing diversity, 334
  See also Diversity
  Impact Value Chain (IVC), 496
  Implementation, 545
  barriers to, 130
  in management process, 118–119, 129–130
  of plan, 112–113
  of planning strategy, 129–130
  strategic, 118–119
  See also Development project
  Implicit coercion, for managing resistance to
  change, 564–565
  Impossible Foods, 531
  Inbound logistics, 279
  Inc., 233
  Incentive systems, 316–317
  Inclusion Offering to a diverse
  workforce a fair opportunity to participate
  and contribute fully, support to be
  authentically themselves, and reasonable
  access to decision-making processes,
  334, 343
  at Accenture North America, 333
  advantage through, 343
  affirmative action, 342
  age discrimination, 342
  alternative work arrangements, 350
  attracting employees, 349–350
  cohesiveness, 345
  communication problems, 345
  as company top priority, 347
  cultivating, 348–353
  diversity and, 342–347
  leadership and commitment, 348–349
  leveraging employee differences, 346
  managing diversity and, 343–347
  mistrust and tension, 345
  organizational assessment, 349
  retaining employees, 351–352
  social entrepreneurship, 344
  stereotyping, 345–346
  training employees, 350–351
  unexamined assumptions, 345
  Inclusiveness Works boxes
  age discrimination, 342
  bridging cultural divides, 188
  changing for religious inclusion, 560
  changing workforce, 7
  communication in storytelling, 463
  D&I initiatives, 501
  D&I initiatives with intrinsic motivation, 416
  diverse teams, 92
  empathy in teams, 436
  employee feedback strategy, 310
  hierarchical structure, 255
  LGBTQ community, 367
  making diversity and inclusion the brand,
  126
  pay without discrimination, 152
  start-ups and diversity, 217
  unconscious biases with tech, 528
  women in leadership, 48
  See also Diversity
  Incogneato, 465
  Incremental model Model of
  organizational decision making in which
  major solutions arise through a series of
  smaller decisions, 96
  Independent action, 221
  Independent strategies Strategies
  that an organization acting on its own
  uses to change some aspect of its current
  environment, 59, 60–61
  India
  AppIt Ventures in, 171
  Barefoot College in, 156, 175, 185
  charismatic leadership in, 383
  Flipkart online retailer in, 274
  IBM employees in, 5
  international management, 174–175
  lack of local, qualified management talent, 185
  offshoring and jobs, 172
  Quadera Drilling System in, 455
  Indiana University Health Center, 493
  Indiegogo, 212, 215
  inDinero, 202
  Individualism/collectivism, 188
  Individual pay decisions, 315–316
  Individual performance goal, 402–403
  Individual retirement account, 318
  Industrial-age system, 155
  Industrial pollution, 157
  Industry analysis, 121
  Inequity, 417
  Inertia, and resistance to, 560
  Inflation rate, 45
  Informal authority, 240
  Informal communication, 479
  Informal structure, of organization, 270–271
  Information processing, 258–259
  Information technology, 258
  See also Technology
  Information technology (IT) group, 542
  Informing A team strategy that entails
  making decisions with the team and then
  informing outsiders of its intentions, 447
  InfoTech Trends, 233
  InfoTrac, from Gale Group, 233
  Initial public offering (IPO) Sale to
  the public, for the first time, of federally
  registered and underwritten shares of
  stock in the company, 3–4, 211, 214–215
  Initiating structure, 375–376
  Initiative, 35
  Innovation The introduction of new
  goods and services; a change in method
  or technology; a positive, useful departure
  from previous ways of doing things, 1,
  8–10, 12, 117, 156, 221, 526
  and bureaucracy, 544–545
  design thinking and, 545–546
  disruptive, 531
  elements essential to, 544–545
  organizing for, 543–546
  requirements for, 543
  technology, job design, and human
  resources, 546
  types of, 526–527
  Innovation Lab, 545
  InnovationXchange Lab, 545
  Innovator, 529
  Inpatriate A foreign national brought in
  to work at the parent company, 189
  Inputs Goods and services organizations
  take in and use to create products or
  services, 44
  Inshoring Moving work from other
  countries back to the headquarters country.
  Work may be done by a domestic provider
  or in-house, 172
  Inside director, 240–241
  Insider trading, 144
  Insourcing Producing in-house one
  or more of an organization’s goods or
  services, 173
  Inspiration, 545
  Instagram, 15, 202, 341, 533, 570
  “In-store” technology, 536
  Instrumentality The perceived
  likelihood that performance will be
  followed by a particular outcome, 407
  Integrated Project Management Company Inc.,
  281, 477
  Integration The degree to which
  differentiated work units work together and
  coordinate their efforts, 238–240
  coordination and communication, 258–259
  coordination by mutual adjustment, 257–258
  coordination by plan, 256
  coordination by standardization, 256
  Integrity, leader, 373–374
  Integrity-based ethics programs 
  Company mechanisms designed to instill in
  people a personal responsibility for ethical
  behavior, 149
  Integrity test, 305–306
  Intel, 49, 152, 206, 217, 338, 534, 537, 540
  Intellectual property protection report, 191
  Interest, 45
  Intergroup leader A leader who leads
  collaborative performance between groups
  or organizations, 385
  Intermediate consumer A customer
  who purchases raw materials or wholesale
  products before selling them to final
  customers, 54
  Internal audit A periodic assessment
  of a company’s own planning, organizing,
  leading, and controlling processes, 502Glossary / Subjects 597
  Internal development, of technology,
  539, 542
  Internal environment, 1, 44
  at Amazon, 66
  organization climate, 65–66, 68
  organization culture, 63–65, 68
  values, 44, 68
  Internal knowledge, 543
  Internal locus of control, 381
  Internal processes, 543
  Internal recruiting, 302–303
  Internal resistance, 543
  Internal resource analysis, 122–123
  Internal Revenue Service, 250
  Internal strengths and weaknesses, in
  management process, 118–119, 122–124
  International executives. See International
  management
  International Financial Statistics—International
  Monetary Fund, 233
  International Franchise Association, 205
  International Harvester, 376
  International Hotel Group, 152
  International licensing, 183
  International management, 1
  entry mode, 82–84
  ethical issues in, 190–191
  geography of business, 173–177
  global environment, 173–177
  global strategy, 177–182
  managing in global economy, 170–173
  skills of global manager, 186
  working overseas, 185–191
  International model An organizational
  model that is composed of a company’s
  overseas subsidiaries and characterized
  by greater control by the parent company
  over local product and marketing strategies
  than is the case in the multinational model,
  178–179
  International Space Station, 205
  International Trademark Associates, 537
  Internet, 8, 55
  Internet of Things, 6, 570
  Internship, 202
  Interpersonal communication, 462–468
  digital communication, social media and,
  465–468
  media richness and, 468
  one-way vs. two-way, 462–463
  oral and written channels, 464
  pitfalls of, 463–464
  Interpersonal and communication
  skills People skills; the ability to lead,
  motivate, and communicate effectively with
  others, 18, 573
  Intervention. See Organizational development
  Interview, job, 303–304
  Intolerance of inhumanity, 154
  Intrapreneur New venture creator
  working inside a big company, 201, 219
  Intrapreneurship, 220
  Intrinsic reward New venture creators
  working inside big companies, 411
  Intuit, 545
  Inventor, 203, 224
  Invincibility Systems, 327–328
  IPO. See Initial public offering (IPO)
  ISO 9001 A series of quality standards
  developed by a committee working
  under the International Organization for
  Standardization to improve total quality in
  all businesses for the benefit of producers
  and consumers, 280, 282
  IT. See Information technology (IT) group
  IVC. See Impact Value Chain (IVC)
  iZettle, 174
  J
  Jack and Jake’s, 208
  Japan
  car manufacturing in, 280
  charismatic leaders, 383
  competitive environment in, 51
  and cross-cultural differences, 376
  ethical systems, 143
  and globalization, 4
  global model, 180
  international licensing, 183
  and kaizen, 279
  language variances by culture, 471
  management approaches, 411
  nonverbal communication skills, 472
  observing nonverbal skills, 475
  penetrating foreign markets, 178
  quality emphasis of car manufacturing
  in, 280
  strategic alliances, 274
  top global firms in, 171
  transnational model, 182
  understanding cultural issues, 188
  Jawbone, 212
  JCPenney, 208, 335
  JD.com, 274
  Jeep Cherokee, 171
  JetBlue Airlines, 11
  JIT. See Just-in-time (JIT) operations
  J. M. Huber Corporation, 499
  Job analysis A tool for determining
  what is done on a given job and what
  should be done on that job, 302
  Job description, 302
  Job enlargement Giving people
  additional tasks at the same time to
  alleviate boredom, 413
  Job enrichment Changing a task
  to make it inherently more rewarding,
  motivating, and satisfying, 413
  Job maturity The level of the
  employee’s skills and technical knowledge
  relative to the task being performed, 380
  Job rotation Changing from one task to
  another to alleviate boredom, 413
  Jobs, motivating, 411–416
  JOBS Act. See Jumpstart Our Business Startups
  Act (JOBS Act)
  Job shop, 282
  Johnson & Johnson, 52, 61, 186, 245, 250, 336
  Johnson & Johnson Ethicon, 511
  Johnsonville Sausage Company, 106
  Joint venture
  as entry mode, 182, 184
  for technology development, 540, 542
  JP Morgan, 305
  Judgment and decision making, 573
  Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (JOBS
  Act), 215
  Just-in-time (JIT) operations A
  system that calls for subassemblies and
  components to be manufactured in very
  small lots and delivered to the next stage
  of the production process just as they are
  needed, 286–287
  J. Walter Thompson, 408
  K
  Kaiser Permanente, 336, 338, 545–546
  Kaizen, 279, 532
  Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial
  Leadership, 233
  Kellogg Company, 49, 59
  Kenya, 80, 176, 206
  Kering, 11
  Keurig Green Mountain, 60, 63
  Key technologies, 534
  Keytruda, 365, 369
  KFC, 178, 498
  Kickback, 47, 144
  Kickstarter, 212, 215
  Kiplinger, 58
  Kitchens for Good, 202
  Kiva, 212, 247–248
  Knight Ridder, 233
  Knowledge, skills, abilities, and other
  characteristics (KSAOs), 302
  Knowledge management Practices
  aimed at discovering and harnessing an
  organization’s intellectual resources, 6–7
  Knowledge worker, 6–7
  Kobold Watch, 276
  Kodak, 558
  Kohlberg’s model of cognitive
  moral development Classification
  of people based on their level of moral
  judgment, 144
  Kollmorgen, 434
  Korea, 175
  KPMG, 443
  Kroger, 126
  KSAOs. See Knowledge, skills, abilities, and
  other characteristics (KSAOs)
  Kyosei, 143
  L
  Labor cost, 47
  Labor laws, 319–320598 Glossary / Subjects
  Labor-Management Relations Act, 319
  Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure
  Act, 320
  Labor market, 301
  Labor relations The system of relations
  between workers and management, 319
  collective bargaining, 320–321
  future of, 321–322
  laws, 319–320
  unionization, 320
  Labor supply forecast, 300–301
  Laggard, 529
  Laissez-faire A leadership philosophy
  characterized by an absence of managerial
  decision making, 376
  Landrum-Griffin Act (1959), 320
  Language, 471–472. See also Communication
  Large batch Technologies that produce
  goods and services in high volume, 283
  Large group interventions for total
  organization change Introducing and
  sustaining multiple policies, practices,
  and procedures across multiple units and
  levels, 566
  Late majority, 529
  Lateral leadership Style in which
  colleagues at the same hierarchical level
  are invited to collaborate and facilitate joint
  problem solving, 385
  Lateral relationships
  being mediator, 450–451
  conflict, 449–451
  lateral role relationships, 447–448
  managing, 447–451
  outward, 447
  virtual and e-conflict, 451
  Latina entrepreneur, 207
  Latin America
  empowering Latina entrepreneurs, 207
  ethical issues, 190
  international management, 185
  Latino immigrants, 319
  Latinos, 335. See also Diversity
  Law of effect A law formulated by
  Edward Thorndike in 1911 stating that
  behavior that is followed by positive
  consequences will likely be repeated, 403
  Laws and regulations, 44, 68. See also entries
  for specific laws
  Layoff, 306
  LCA. See Life-cycle analysis (LCA)
  Leader, 17
  Leader–member exchange (LMX)
  theory Highlights the importance of
  leader behaviors not just toward the group
  as a whole but toward individuals on a
  personal basis, 376
  Leadership, 1, 213
  and artificial intelligence, 388
  behavioral approach, 374–376
  behaviors of, 374–376
  business knowledge, 373–374
  contemporary perspectives on, 383–387
  and courage, 386–387
  defined, 366
  developing skills, 387–389
  drive, 373–374
  effectiveness of, 373–374
  effect of behaviors of, 376–378
  follower behaviors, 371
  at General Motors (GM), 237–238
  in group decision making, 92
  Hersey and Blanchard’s situational
  theory, 380
  integrity of, 373–374
  leader traits, 373–374
  leading and following, 370–371
  leading and managing, 370–371
  motivation of, 373–374
  opportunities, 385
  power and, 371–373
  self-confidence of, 373–374
  situational approaches to, 378–382
  technology, 530–534
  traditional approaches to understanding,
  373–382
  traits of, 373–382
  vision, 367–369
  Vroom model of, 378–379
  women in, 48
  See also Change and change management
  Leadership Grid (Blake/Mouton), 377
  Leadership skills, 573
  Leadership style, 91–93
  Leading The management function that
  involves the manager’s efforts to stimulate
  high performance by employees, 1, 12,
  14–15
  Leading Change (Kotter), 567–568
  Leaning into the Future (Binney/Collins), 574
  Lean manufacturing An operation
  that strives to achieve the highest possible
  productivity and total quality, costeffectively, by eliminating unnecessary
  steps in the production process and
  continually striving for improvement,
  281, 285
  Lean six sigma, 281
  Lean Startup, The, (Ries), 10
  Learning and growth goal, 117
  Learning cycles, 574–575
  Least-preferred co-worker (LPC), 380
  Legal action, 59–60
  Legal department, 249
  Legal issues, and equal employment
  opportunity, 308–309
  Legal/regulatory environment, 174
  Legal responsibilities To obey local,
  state, federal, and relevant international
  laws, 153
  Legendary Entertainment Group, 170
  Legg Mason, 47
  Legitimacy People’s judgment of a
  company’s acceptance, appropriateness,
  and desirability, generally stemming from
  company goals and methods that are
  consistent with societal values, 218–219
  Legitimate power, 371
  LEGO, 49, 54–55, 537
  Lenovo, 54
  Lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT),
  338–339, 367
  Level 5 leadership A combination of
  strong professional will (determination)
  and humility that builds enduring
  greatness, 384
  Leverage ratio, 508
  Levi Strauss & Co., 158
  LEXIS/NEXIS, 233
  LGBT. See Lesbian, gay, bisexual, or
  transgender (LGBT)
  LGBT employee, 336
  Liabilities The amounts a corporation
  owes to various creditors, 505
  Liaison, 17, 259
  Liaison relationships, 448
  Licensing, 182–183, 540, 542
  Life-cycle analysis (LCA) A process of
  analyzing all inputs and outputs, through
  the entire “cradle-to-grave” life of a
  product, to determine total environmental
  impact, 157
  Life-cycle theory of leadership, 380. See also
  Hersey and Blanchard’s situational theory
  Lifestyle and taste changes, 204
  LifeStyle Market Analyst, 233
  Line department Unit that deals
  directly with the organization’s primary
  goods and services, 246
  Line manager, 246
  LinkedIn, 21, 55, 303, 305, 341, 463, 465
  Liquidity ratio, 507
  Listening, 472–474
  Little Gym, The, 183
  Living Goods, 277
  Local responsiveness, 178–179
  Lockheed Martin, 337, 340, 438
  Locos of control, 381
  Logistics The movement of the right
  goods in the right amount to the right place
  at the right time, 286
  L’Oréal, 158
  Low-cost strategy A strategy an
  organization uses to build competitive
  advantage by being efficient and offering a
  standard no-frills project, 128
  Lower-level manager, 116
  Lowe’s, 339
  Low-growth, strong-competitive-position
  business, 127–128
  Low-growth, weak-competitive-position
  business, 127–128
  Loyalty program, 129
  LPC. See Least-preferred co-worker (LPC)Glossary / Subjects 599
  Lucasfilm, 114, 131
  Lyft, 77, 113
  Lying, 141. See also Ethics
  M
  Maastricht Treaty, 173
  Machiavellianism, 374
  Mack, 489
  Macroeconomic analysis, 1221
  Macroenvironment The general
  environment; includes governments,
  economic conditions, and other
  fundamental factors that generally affect all
  organizations, 45
  demographics, 47–48, 68
  economy, 45–46, 68
  laws and regulation, 47, 68
  natural environment, 44, 68
  opportunities and threats in, 124–125
  social issues, 49, 68
  sustainability and natural environment, 50
  technology, 46
  Macy’s, 169, 250, 286, 536
  Magic Bus, 177
  Magna Carta, 319
  Magna Exteriors and Interiors Corporation,
  489–490
  Maintenance behaviors, of leaders, 376–378
  Major League Baseball Hall of Fame, 21
  Make-or-buy decision The question
  an organization asks itself about whether
  to acquire new technology from an outside
  source or develop it itself, 538
  Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, 281
  Management The process of working
  with people and resources to accomplish
  organizational goals, 12
  for competitive advantage, 8–12
  in competitive world, 4–8
  entrepreneurial challenges to, 203, 211–214,
  220–221
  evolution of
  administrative management, 32, 35
  bureaucracy, 32, 36–37
  classical approaches, 32–33
  contemporary approaches, 32, 37
  contingency theory, 32, 37–38
  current events, 38
  early concepts and influences, 32
  economies of scale, 32
  external environment, 38
  human relations, 32, 35–36
  during Industrial Revolution, 32
  open-system perspective of organization, 38
  organizational behavior, 32, 37
  quantitative management, 32, 37
  revolutions, current and future, 32
  scientific management, 32–34
  systematic management, 32–34
  systems theory, 32, 37
  foundations of, 1
  functions of
  controlling, 12
  leading, 12, 14–15
  organizing, 12–14
  performing all, 12, 15
  planning, 12–13
  levels and skills
  frontline managers, 16–17
  middle-levels managers, 16
  must-have skills, 18
  roles of, 17
  top-level managers, 16
  working leaders with broad
  responsibilities, 17–18
  principles of, 35
  timeline, 32
  See also Change and change management
  Management audit An evaluation of
  the effectiveness and efficiency of various
  systems within an organization, 502
  Management by objectives (MBO) 
  A process in which objectives set by
  a subordinate and a supervisor must
  be reached within a given time period,
  312–314
  Management by wandering around
  (MBWA), 478
  Management in Action boxes, 437
  Accenture North America, 333, 347, 353
  Alibaba, 169, 181, 191
  Amazon, 43, 56, 66
  balancing energy needs, 566
  Disney Studios, 109
  employee monitoring, future trends in, 516
  employee tracking, balancing pros and cons
  of, 509
  ExxonMobil, 566
  Facebook, 3–4, 15, 22
  General Motors (GM), 237, 251, 260
  Google, 297, 311, 322
  IBM, 139, 151, 159
  Merck & Co., 365, 369, 389
  Musk, Elon, 525–526
  SAS, 399, 408, 421
  Shell Oil Company, 555
  SoundCloud, 461, 469, 480
  SpaceX, 547
  Starbucks, 199–200, 210, 222
  Tesla, 539
  tracking employees to control health care
  costs, 493
  Uber, 88, 98
  Uber Technologies, 77
  Walmart, 269, 274, 288
  Walt Disney Company, 131
  Walt Disney Studios, 114
  Whole Foods Market, 433, 452
  Management information systems, 122
  Management myopia Focusing
  on short-term earnings and profits at
  the expense of longer-term strategic
  requirements, 508
  Management process
  controlling, 1
  foundations of management, 1
  leading, 1
  organizing, 1
  planning, 1
  strategic, 118–129
  Management tactics, and resistance to change,
  560, 562
  Management teams Teams that
  coordinate and provide direction to the
  subunits under their jurisdiction and
  integrate work among subunits, 435
  Management techniques, 558–559
  Management training, 310
  Manager
  elimination of, 106–107
  entrepreneur as, 203
  Managerial control, 1
  bureaucratic control systems
  approaches to, 499–502
  budgetary controls, 503–505
  control cycle, 495–499
  designing effective control systems,
  510–513
  financial controls, 505–508
  management audits, 502–503
  problems with, 508–510
  resistance to control, 510
  rigid control, 508–509
  tactical behavior, 509–510
  clan control, 515
  market control, 513–515
  trends in employee monitoring, 516
  Managerial decision making, 1. See also
  Decision making
  Managerial responsibility, 154
  Managerial role, 17
  Managing, 1, 4–8
  Managing change. See Change and change
  management
  Managing diversity Managing a
  culturally diverse workforce by recognizing
  the characteristics common to specific
  groups of employees while dealing with
  employees as individuals and supporting,
  nurturing, and utilizing their differences to
  the organization’s advantage, 334. See
  also Diversity
  Manipulation and cooptation, for managing
  resistance to change, 564–565
  Manufacturing, 180, 183, 532
  collaboration in, 8
  computer-aided, 284
  conditions that support lean, 285
  flexible, 283–285
  and flexible processes, 62
  innovation in, 9
  lean, 285
  quality in, 9
  scientific management and, 33–34
  service in, 10
  systematic management and, 33
  and technological change, 5
  value-added, 287
  Manufacturing technology, 282
  Market analysis, 121
  Market control Control based on the
  use of pricing mechanisms and economic600 Glossary / Subjects
  information to regulate activities within
  organizations, 494–495
  at business unit level, 514
  at corporate level, 514
  examples of, 513
  at individual level, 514–515
  Marketing and sales, 279
  Marketing audit, 122
  Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning,
  Implementation and Control
  (Kotler), 55
  Market receptiveness, 535–536, 538
  MarketResearch.com, 233
  Market research firms, 234
  Marriott, 127, 158
  Marriott International, 179, 338, 387
  Marriott Starwood Hotels, 97
  Mars, 49
  Marvel Studios, 114
  Mary Kay Cosmetics, 411
  Masculinity/femininity, 188
  Maslow, Abraham, 36
  Maslow’s need hierarchy A
  conception of human needs organizing
  needs into a hierarchy of five major types,
  409–410
  Mass customization The production
  of varied, individually customized products
  at the low cost of standardized, massproduced products, 62, 283–284
  Massey Energy Company’s Upper Big Branch
  Mine, 319
  Master budget, 504
  Mastercard, 152, 339
  Matrix diamond, 253
  Matrix organization An organization
  composed of dual reporting relationships
  in which some employees report to
  two superiors—a functional manager
  and a divisional manager, 251, 259
  matrix form today, 253–254
  operating in, 251–252
  pros and cons of, 252–253
  survival skills, 253
  unity-of-command principle, 252–253
  Mattel, 187
  Maximizing A decision realizing the
  best possible outcome, 84, 86
  Maximum hour, 318
  Mazda, 489
  MBWA. See Management by wandering around
  (MBWA)
  McClelland’s needs, 411
  McCormick, 11
  McDonald’s, 153, 183, 306, 319
  McGraw-Hill Education, 549
  McKinsey, 8, 95
  McKinsey & Company, 48
  Mechanistic organization A form
  of organization that seeks to maximize
  internal efficiency, 270
  Media Networks, 114
  Media richness The degree to which
  a communication channel conveys
  information, 468
  Mediator A third party who intervenes
  to help others manage their conflict, 450
  Melting pot myth, 348
  Melwood, 350
  Member commitment, 441
  Member satisfaction, 441
  Memorial Hospital and Health Care
  Center, 281
  Memphis Meats, 531
  Men, and career–family balance, 338
  Menlo Innovations, 405
  Mental disability, 340–341
  Mentoring, 336, 352
  Mentors Higher-level managers who
  help ensure that high-potential people
  are introduced to top management and
  socialized into the norms and values of the
  organization, 352
  Mercedes-Benz, 1216
  Merck & Co., 339, 365, 369, 537
  Mercosur, 176
  Merger One or more companies
  combining with another, 59, 63–65, 128
  Mexico, 175–176
  Michael Kors, 537
  Microcomputer, 204
  Microsoft, 46, 49, 78, 129, 158, 169, 206, 222,
  232, 301, 339–340, 465, 533, 549, 570
  MidAmerican Energy Co., 158
  Middle East
  corporate social responsibility, 155
  globalization, 5
  IKEA’s “War Child” initiative, 152
  international management, 176, 190
  sale of motorcycles in, 170
  Middle-level managers Managers
  located in the middle layers of the
  organizational hierarchy, reporting to toplevel executives, 16
  and planning, 114
  Midvale Steel Company, 33–34
  Millennial generation, 7, 257, 541
  Mine Safety and Health Administration, 319
  Minimum wage, 318
  Ministry of Supply, 213
  Minority, 339–340
  Mission An organization’s basic purpose
  and scope of operations, 118, 119, 120
  Missionary entrepreneurial identity, 208
  Mission statement, corporate, 64
  Mistakes, managing, 405
  Misunderstanding, and resistance to change,
  560–561
  MIT Media Lab Research, 538
  Modern slavery, 144
  Modular (or virtual) corporation, 254
  Module, 283
  Mondelez International, 144
  Monitor, 17
  Monolithic organization An
  organization that has a low degree of
  structural integration—employing few
  women, minorities, or other groups that differ
  from the majority—and thus has a highly
  homogeneous employee population, 347
  Monsanto, 49, 186
  Monster, 303
  Moral awareness, 149
  Moral character, 149
  Moral judgment, 149
  Moral philosophy Principles, rules, and
  values people use in deciding what is right
  or wrong, 142
  Moringa School, 206
  Moscow State University, 184
  Motivating for change, 560–562
  Motivating jobs
  empowerment and employee engagement,
  415–416
  extrinsic reward, 411–413
  Hackman and Oldham model, 413–415
  Herzberg two-factor theory, 413
  intrinsic reward, 411–413
  Motivation Forces that energize, direct,
  and sustain a person’s efforts, 400
  impact on, 407
  of leadership, 373–374
  technology for, 420
  Motivators Factors that make a job
  more motivating, such as additional job
  responsibilities, opportunities for personal
  growth and recognition, and feelings of
  achievement, 413
  Motorola, 187, 281, 528
  Motorola Mobility, 170
  Moving Instituting the change, 562–563
  MP3, 531
  Multicultural organization An
  organization that values cultural diversity
  and seeks to utilize and encourage it,
  347, 348
  Multiexperience, 535
  Multinational model (multidomestic) 
  An organizational model that consists of
  the subsidiaries in each country in which
  a company does business, and provides a
  great deal of discretion to those subsidiaries
  to respond to local conditions, 179–180
  Multitasking, 404
  Must-have management skills, 18
  Mutuality, 154
  MyFitnessPal, 97
  MySpace, 533
  N
  NAACP. See National Association for the
  Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
  Nabisco, 143–144Glossary / Subjects 601
  NAFTA. See North American Free Trade
  Agreement (NAFTA)
  NanoHealth, 177
  Nanometer, 572
  Nanotechnology, 204, 572
  Narcissism, 374
  NASA. See National Aeronautics and Space
  Administration (NASA)
  NASDAQ Composite, 45
  National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  (NASA), 119, 205, 251, 547
  National Association for the Advancement of
  Colored People (NAACP), 335
  National Counterterrorism Center, 257
  National diversity, 446. See also Diversity
  National Industries for the Blind (NIB), 340
  Nationality, 335. See also Diversity
  National Labor Relations Act, 319
  National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), 47,
  319–320
  National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP),
  512–513
  National Restaurant Association, 338
  National Retail Federation, 338
  National Venture Capital Association, 214
  Natural disaster, 112, 204
  Natural environment, 44, 68, 174
  and sustainability, 155–159
  sustainability and, 50
  NBA, 131
  NBCUniversal, 128
  Needs assessment An analysis
  identifying the jobs, people, and
  departments for which training is
  necessary, 309
  Negative reinforcement Removing or
  withholding an undesirable consequence,
  403–404
  Negotiation and rewards, for managing
  resistance to change, 564–565
  Negotiator, 17
  Neiman Marcus, 536
  Nestlé, 4, 245, 434, 540
  Netflix, 8, 49, 52, 55, 89, 131, 170, 183, 242, 384
  Network for Good, 277
  Network organization A collection
  of independent, mostly single-function
  firms that collaborate on a good or service,
  254–255
  Networks, 21, 219
  New Belgium Brewing Company, 316, 401
  New entrants, 44, 50, 52, 68
  New Strategist Publications, 233
  New York Life, 338
  New York Times, The, 233
  Next Day Flyers, 125
  NFL, 131
  NHG. See Niche Hotel Group (NHG)
  NIB. See National Industries for the Blind
  (NIB)
  Nicaragua, 176
  Niche Hotel Group (NHG), 357–358
  “Nightmare Traits,” 374
  NIH. See Not Invented Here (NIH) syndrome
  Nike, 9, 49, 126, 179, 280, 537
  Nintendo, 232
  Nissan, 8, 539
  NLRB. See National Labor Relations Board
  (NLRB)
  NMPD. See National Marrow Donor Program
  (NMDP)
  Non-cohesiveness group, 445–446
  Nonmonetary rewards, 405
  Nonprogrammed decisions New,
  novel, complex decisions having no proven
  answers, 78
  Nonverbal skills, 472
  Nordstrom, 129
  Norms Shared beliefs about how people
  should think and behave, 144, 443,
  445-446
  North American Free Trade
  Agreement (NAFTA) An economic
  pact that combined the economies of the
  United States, Canada, and Mexico into
  one of the world’s largest trading blocs, 4,
  175–176
  Not Invented Here (NIH) syndrome 
  A negative attitude toward knowledge
  (ideas, technologies) derived from an
  external source, 124
  Not Mass Produced, 208
  Novo Nordisk, 113, 503
  Nuclear fusion, 525
  Nurturing role, 255
  Nutrition Science Partners, 540
  Nvidia, 146
  O
  Oberlo, 206
  Obesity, as ethical issue in business, 145
  Objectives-strategies-tactics (OST) system, 131
  OB mod. See Organizational behavior
  modification (OB mod)
  Observing, 474–475
  Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  (OSHA), 47, 318
  Oculus, 541
  OFCCP. See Office of Federal Contract
  Compliance Programs (OFCCP)
  Office of Federal Contract Compliance
  Programs (OFCCP), 47, 308
  Offshoring Moving work to other
  countries, 172
  Ohio State studies, 377
  Oil and Gas Climate Initiative, 555
  Oil industry, 536
  Omnica, 435
  ONA. See Organizational Network Analysis
  (ONA)
  One-best-way myth, 348
  One-way communication A process
  in which information flows in only one
  direction—from the sender to the receiver,
  with no feedback loop, 462–463
  Online network, 257
  Online privacy, as ethical issue in business, 145
  Only-one-way myth, 348
  Opel, 124
  Open-book management Practice of
  sharing with employees at all levels of the
  organization vital information previously
  meant for management’s eyes only, 477
  Open communication, 511. See also
  Communication
  Openness to outside knowledge, 543
  Open system An organization that
  isn’t affected by, and that affects, its
  environment, 44
  Open-system perspective, 37–38
  Operational excellence, 117
  Operational improvements, 117
  Operational planning The process
  of identifying the specific procedures and
  processes required at lower levels of the
  organization, 115, 116, 117–118
  Operations, 279
  Operations analysis, 122
  Operations and processes, 284
  OppenheimerFunds, 463
  Opportunity, 217
  Opportunity analysis A description
  of the good or service, an assessment
  of the opportunity, an assessment of the
  entrepreneur, specification of activities and
  resources needed to translate your idea
  into a viable business, and your source(s)
  of capital, 214–215
  Optimizing Achieving the best possible
  balance among several goals, 84
  Oracle, 337, 563
  Order, 35
  Ordinary capabilities Capabilities
  pertaining to basic administrative and
  operational functions, 272
  Oré Earth Skin Care, 163–164
  Organic structure An organizational
  form that emphasizes flexibility, 61, 270
  Organizational agility, 1
  concurrent engineering, 287
  core capabilities, 272
  customer relationship management (CRM),
  278–280
  customers and responsive organization,
  278–282
  flexible manufacturing, 283–285
  high-involvement organization, 285
  quality initiatives, 280–282
  responsive organization, 270–271
  size and, 275–278
  strategic alliances, 272–275
  strategy and, 271–275
  technology and, 282–287
  technology configurations, 282–283
  time-based competition, 286–287602 Glossary / Subjects
  Organizational ambidexterity Ability
  to achieve multiple objectives
  simultaneously, 558
  Organizational assessment, 349
  Organizational behavior A
  contemporary management approach
  that studies and identifies management
  activities that promote employee
  effectiveness by examining the complex
  and dynamic nature of individual, group,
  and organizational processes, 32, 37, 39
  Organizational Behavior (Krietner/Kinicki), 39
  Organizational Behavior (McShane/Von
  Gilnow), 70
  Organizational Behavior, Structure, Processes
  (Gibson/Ivancevich/Donnelly/
  Konopaske), 79
  Organizational behavior modification
  (OB mod) The application of
  reinforcement theory in organizational
  settings, 403
  Organizational climate The patterns
  of attitudes and behavior that shape
  people’s experience of an organization,
  65–66
  Organizational communication
  downward communication, 475–477
  horizontal communication, 478–479
  informal communication, 479
  transparency, 479–480
  upward communication, 477–478
  Organizational decision making. See Decision
  making
  Organizational Network Analysis
  (ONA), 528
  Organizational politics, 96
  Organizational suitability, 537–538
  and technology, 537–538
  Organization chart The reporting
  structure and division of labor in an
  organization, 238–239
  Organization culture The set
  of important assumptions about the
  organization and its goals and practices
  that members of the company share, 63
  Organization development (OD) The
  systemwide application of behavioral
  science knowledge to develop, improve,
  and reinforce the strategies, structures,
  and processes that lead to organizational
  effectiveness, 559
  Organization Development and Change
  (Cummings/Worley), 559
  Organization structure, 1, 284
  at General Motors (GM), 237–238, 260
  horizontal
  departmentalization, 246–247
  divisional organization, 249–251
  functional organization, 247–249
  line departments, 246
  line managers, 246
  matrix organization, 251–254
  network organization, 254–255
  staff departments, 246
  integration
  coordination and communication, 258–259
  coordination by mutual adjustment,
  257–258
  coordination by plan, 256
  coordination by standardization, 256
  defined, 238
  looking ahead, 259–260
  organizing fundamentals
  differentiation, 238–239
  integration, 239–240
  vertical
  authority in organizations, 240–242
  decentralization, 245–246
  delegation, 242–245
  hierarchical levels, 242
  span of control, 242–243
  Organizing The management function
  of assembling and coordinating human,
  financial, physical, informational, and other
  resources needed to achieve goals, 1,
  12–14, 13
  Orientation training Training designed
  to introduce new employees to the
  company and familiarize them with policies,
  procedures, culture, and the like, 310
  OSHA. See Occupational Safety and Health
  Administration (OSHA)
  OshKosh, 147
  OST. See Objectives-strategies-tactics (OST)
  system
  Otto, 206
  Outbound logistics, 279
  Outcome A consequence a person
  receives for his or her performance, 407
  Outplacement The process of
  helping people who have been dismissed
  from the company regain employment
  elsewhere, 306
  Outputs The products and services
  organizations create, 44
  Outsourcing Contracting with an
  outside provider to produce one or more of
  an organization’s goods or services, 172
  OWN, 384
  P
  P2P Credit, 215
  Pacing technologies, 534
  Packaging, 158
  Pakistan, 189, 206
  Palo Alto Networks, 302
  Panama, 176
  Panasonic, 181–182
  Panera Bread, 54, 112, 204–205, 283
  Papa & Barkley, 434
  Paper and Occidental Chemicals, 283
  Parading A team strategy that entails
  simultaneously emphasizing internal team
  building and achieving external visibility,
  447
  Paralee Boyd, 285
  Parallel teams Teams that operate
  separately from the regular work structure
  and are temporary, 435
  Paris Agreement, 49
  Parochialism, 348
  Participation and involvement, for managing
  resistance to change, 564
  Participation in decision
  making Leader behaviors that managers
  perform in involving their employees in
  making decisions, 376
  Participation leader, 446
  Participation rate, 45
  Participative leadership, 381
  Partner, and entrepreneurship, 219
  PartPic, 202
  PA. See Performance appraisal (PA)
  Patagonia, 11, 49, 157
  Patent and Trademark Office, 234
  Path–goal theory A theory that
  concerns how leaders influence
  subordinates’ perceptions of their work
  goals and the paths they follow toward
  attainment of those goals, 380–382
  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, 318
  Paychex, 387
  Pay decisions, 315–316
  Pay level, 315
  PayPal, 174, 525
  Pay structure, 315–316
  Peer pressure, and resistance to change,
  560–561
  Peer-to-peer loan, 215
  Penguin Random House, 313
  Pension plan, 317–318
  People analytics, 509
  People skills, 18
  PepsiCo, 5, 49, 51–54, 59, 62, 210, 273, 352, 384
  Perception The process of receiving
  and interpreting information, 463
  Performance
  delivering all types of, 11–12
  employee satisfaction and well-being, 419
  fairness, 416–419
  leader behavior, 376–378
  Maslow’s needs, 409–411
  motivating for, 1, 400–401
  past, current, and future, 81
  reinforcing, 403–406
  Performance appraisal (PA) 
  Assessment of an employee’s job
  performance, 311
  categories of, 312
  employee feedback, 314–315
  interview format for underperforming
  employees, 314–315
  reasons for, 312–313Glossary / Subjects 603
  who conducts, 313–314
  Performance culture, 71
  Performance gap The difference
  between actual performance and desired
  performance, 562
  Performance management (PM), 314
  Performance norm, 445–446
  Performance-related belief, 406–408
  Performance review, 497
  Performance test, 305
  Performance-to-outcome link, 407
  Performing, 1
  Permanent interdepartmental decision-making
  group, 259
  Personality, entrepreneurial, 208–210
  Personality test, 305
  Personalized power, 411
  Personnel, stability and tenure of, 35
  Persuading, 444
  Persuasion skills, 469–471
  Peru, 176
  Peterson Institute for International
  Economics, 48
  Pfizer, 498
  P&G. See Procter & Gamble (P&G)
  Pharmaceutical company, 532
  Philanthropic responsibilities 
  Additional behaviors and activities that
  society finds desirable and that the values
  of the business support, 153–154
  Philippines, 172, 175, 181, 386
  Philips, 180, 313
  Phone app, 533
  Phone conversation, 468
  Physical disability, 340–341
  Physiological needs, 409
  PillPack, 82
  Piramal Sarvajal, 530
  Pixar, 114
  Planning The management function
  of systematically making decisions about
  the goals and activities that an individual,
  a group, a work unit, or the overall
  organization will pursue, 1, 12–13
  business plan, 214–215
  business plan outline, 216
  key planning elements, 215
  levels of
  hierarchy of goals and plans, 115
  operational, 116–118
  strategic, 114–118
  tactical and operational, 115–118
  process
  alternative goals and plans, 111–112
  goal and plan evaluation, 112
  goal and plan selection, 112
  human resources, 299–302, 323
  implementation, 112–113
  monitor and control, 113
  situational analysis, 110
  strategic
  external opportunities and threats,
  120–121
  formulation, 124–129
  implementation, 129–130
  internal strengths and weaknesses,
  122–124
  management process, 118–119
  mission, vision, goals, 119–120
  strategic control, 130–131
  SWOT analysis, 124–125
  Plans The actions or means managers
  intend to use to achieve organizational
  goals, 111
  PlumSlice Labs, 241
  Pluralistic organization An
  organization that has a relatively diverse
  employee population and makes an
  effort to involve employees from different
  gender, racial, or cultural
  backgrounds, 347
  PM. See Performance management (PM)
  PNC Financial, 340
  Poisoning, food, 116
  Political action, 59–60, 62
  Political and regulatory analysis, 121
  Politics, organizational, 96
  Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen, 385
  Population explosion, 157
  Portfolio, 127
  Positive reinforcement Applying
  consequences that increase the likelihood
  that a person will repeat the behavior that
  led to it, 403–404
  Positive risk, 543
  Power The ability to influence
  others, 371
  leadership and, 371–373
  need for, 411
  personalized, 411
  socialized, 411
  sources of, 371–373
  Power distance, 188
  PPI. See Progress Out of Poverty Index (PPI)
  Preconventional stage, 144
  Predictive analytics, 89
  Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, 318
  Preliminary control, 499. See also Feedforward
  control
  Presentation skills, 469–470
  PRGA Motors, 71–72
  PricewaterhouseCooper, 58
  Principle of exception A managerial
  principle stating that control is enhanced
  by concentrating on the exceptions to or
  significant deviations from the expected
  result or standard, 498
  Principles of Scientific Management, The (Kroos/
  Gilbert), 34
  Privacy, 15, 145
  Proactive, 221
  Proactive change A response that is
  initiated before a performance gap has
  occurred, 569
  Probing A team strategy that requires
  team members to interact frequently with
  outsiders, diagnose their needs, and
  experiment with solutions, 447
  Procedural justice Using fair
  processes in decision making and making
  sure others know that the process was as
  fair as possible, 418–419
  Process engineering role, 255
  Process innovation, 526–527
  Procter & Gamble (P&G), 36, 59, 115, 180,
  203, 338, 556–557
  Product champion A person who
  promotes a new technology throughout
  the organization in an effort to obtain
  acceptance of and support for it, 543
  Product departmentalization, 250
  Product design, 284
  Product division, 250
  Product innovation, 526–527
  Production budget, 504
  Productivity, 420
  Productivity goal, 403
  Productivity growth, 117
  Product leadership, 117
  Product manager, 253, 259
  Product Red, 59
  Profitability ratio, 508
  Profit and loss statement An itemized
  financial statement of the income and
  expenses of a company’s operations, 507
  Profit maximization perspective, 154–155
  Profit-sharing plan, 316–317
  Programmed decisions Decisions
  encountered and made before, having
  objectively correct answers, and solvable
  by using simple rules, policies, or numerical
  computations, 78
  Programming, and human resources, 299–302,
  323
  Progress Out of Poverty Index (PPI), 496
  Project and development teams 
  Teams that work on long-term projects but
  disband once the work is completed, 435
  Project manager, 259
  Promoter, 203, 224
  Promotion, career development, 352
  ProQuest.com, 233
  Prospector firm, 537
  Prospectors Companies that
  continuously change the boundaries for
  their task environments by seeking new
  products and markets, diversifying and
  merging, or acquiring new enterprises, 59
  Prosper, 215
  PSA Group, 124, 276
  Pseudotransformational
  leaders Leaders who talk about positive
  change but allow their self-interest to take
  precedence over followers’ needs, 385
  Psychological bias, 86–87604 Glossary / Subjects
  Psychological contract A set of
  perceptions of what employees owe their
  employers, and what their employers owe
  them, 420–421
  Psychological maturity An employee’s
  self-confidence and self-respect, 380
  Psychological safety When employees
  feel they can speak up honestly and freely
  without fear, 439–440
  Psychopathy, 374
  Public filings, 234
  Publicly held company, 46
  Public relations, 59–60
  Punishment Administering an aversive
  consequence, 403–405
  Purchase, technology, 540
  Purchasing, 122
  Purple, 570–571
  PwC, 366
  Q
  Quadra Drilling Systems, 455–456
  Quaker, 51, 53
  Qualcomm, 60
  Quality The excellence of your product
  (goods or services), 9, 12
  Quality initiative, 280–282
  Quality management, 284
  Quality of work life (QWL) programs 
  Programs designed to create a workplace
  that enhances employee well-being,
  419–420
  Quantitative management A
  contemporary management approach that
  emphasizes the application of quantitative
  analysis to managerial decisions and
  problems, 32, 37, 39
  Quest Diagnostics, 305
  Question mark, in BCG matrix, 127–128
  QuickBooks, 276, 545
  Quicken Loans, 10–11
  Quid pro quo harassment, 338
  Quorn, 531
  QWL. See Quality of work life (QWL)
  programs, 419–420
  R
  Race discrimination, 335. See also Diversity
  Racial segregation, 334
  Radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, 286
  Rainmaker Thinking, 341
  Rakuten, 274
  Ramesh Tainwala, 304
  Randstad US, 387
  Ray Ban, 537
  Razorfish, 475
  RCA, 180
  RCA Corporation, 183
  RDS Business Reference Suite, 233
  Reactive change A response that
  occurs under pressure; problem-driven
  change, 569
  Reading, 474
  Read-write-execute, 6
  Ready-made solutions Ideas that have
  been seen or tried before, 81
  Receiver skills, 472–475
  Reconciliation, and corporate responsibility, 155
  Recruit, 446
  Recruitment The development
  of a pool of applicants for jobs in an
  organization, 302, 303, 349–350
  RED, 123
  Red Hat, 139
  Red Stripe, 180
  Reference check, 304
  Referent power, 372
  Reflection Process by which a person
  states what he or she believes the other
  person says or means, 473
  Refreezing Strengthening the new
  behaviors that support the change,
  562–563
  Regulations. See Laws and regulation
  Regulator, 47
  Reinforcer Positive consequence that
  motivates behavior, 403, 405, 411
  Relatedness needs, 410
  Relating, 444
  Relationship culture, 71
  Relationship-motivated leadership 
  Style in which leader focuses on
  interpersonal relationships for measuring
  performance, 380
  Relativism Philosophy that bases ethical
  behavior on the opinions and behaviors of
  relevant other people, 143–144, 149
  Relativity Space, 547
  Reliability The consistency of test
  scores over time and across alternative
  measurements, 306
  Religion, 335. See also Diversity
  Religious inclusion, 561
  Reluctance to change, 543
  Remuneration, 35
  Renewable energy, 204
  Research and development, 122, 279
  Research partnership, for technology
  development, 540
  Resistance
  to change, 560–565
  to control, 510
  Resource Input to a system that can
  enhance performance, 123–124
  Resource allocator, 17
  Resource director, 17
  Respect, 190
  Responsibility The assignment of a
  task that an employee is supposed to carry
  out, 190, 243, 244
  Responsible leadership Style in
  which leader focuses on decision-making
  processes and choices that support
  corporate social responsibility, 385
  Responsive culture, 71
  Responsive organization
  ambidextrous, 270
  customer relationship management (CRM),
  278–280
  formal and informal, 270–271
  mechanistic, 270
  organic, 270
  quality initiatives, 280–282
  Restaurant, 249
  Results appraisal, 312
  Résumé, job, 303
  Retail, agile, 288
  Retail Consulting, 241
  Retail industry, and technology, 536
  Return on investment (ROI) A ratio
  of profit to capital used, or a rate of return
  from capital, 62, 508
  Reuters, 233
  Revenue growth, 117
  Reward power, 372
  Rewards, 437
  managing, 404–405
  motivating jobs, 411–416
  to team performance, 446
  Reward system, 113, 405
  designing, 315–319
  employee benefits, 317–318
  executive pay and stock options, 317
  health and safety, 318–319
  incentive systems and variable pay, 316–317
  legal issues in compensation and benefits,
  318
  pay decisions, 315–316
  RFID. See Radio frequency identification
  (RFID) tag
  Rice Inc., 177
  Right-to-work Legislation that allows
  employees to work without having to join a
  union, 321
  Ripple, 571
  Risk The state that exists when the
  probability of success is less than 100
  percent and losses may occur, 79, 217
  Risk society, 157
  Risk taker, 220
  Rite, 65
  Rituxam, 532
  Ritz-Carlton, 385
  Rival firm. See Competitive environment
  Rivals, 44
  Robotics, 204
  Roche, 532Glossary / Subjects 605
  Rocket Mortgage, 10–11
  Rock Holdings Inc., 11
  Roles Different sets of expectations
  for how different individuals should
  behave, 444
  Rolex, 537
  Root Capital, 496
  Roshni Rides, 177
  Royal Dutch Shell (British–Dutch), 4, 57, 171
  Rumors, 479
  Rwanda, 206
  Ryan LLC, 405
  S
  Safety or security needs, 409
  Safeway, 126, 153
  Salary.com, 316
  Sales budget, 504
  Sales expense budget, 503
  Salesforce, 59, 123, 152, 206, 242, 280
  Sales job, compensation for, 316
  Sam’s Club, 14, 288, 339
  Samsonite, 304
  Samsung, 53, 172, 175, 538
  SAP, 187, 206, 241, 463
  Sarbanes-Oxley Act An act passed
  into law by Congress to establish strict
  accounting and reporting rules in order to
  make senior managers more accountable
  and to improve and maintain investor
  confidence, 145, 146–148, 242
  SAS, 350, 387, 400, 408, 421
  Satisficing Choosing an option that is
  acceptable, although not necessarily the
  best or perfect, 84, 86, 90–91
  Saudi Arabia, 176
  Scalar chain, 35
  Scale economies, 275–276
  Scandal, 144
  Scanning, 57, 535
  Scarborough Research, 233
  Scenario A narrative that describes a
  particular set of future conditions, 57, 112
  Schneider Electric, 387
  Scientific management A classical
  management approach that applied
  scientific methods to analyze and
  determine the one best way to complete
  production tasks, 32–33, 34, 39
  Scouting, 444
  SDGs. See Sustainable Development Goals
  (SDGs)
  Sears, 269
  SEC. See Securities and Exchange Commission
  (SEC)
  Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),
  190, 525
  and crowdfunding, 215
  and hierarchical levels, 242
  purpose of, 47
  as source of information for entrepreneurs, 234
  Seed manufacturing, 538
  Selco Solar, 277
  Selection Choosing from among
  qualified applicants to hire, 303
  applications and résumés, 303
  background checks, 304–305
  cognitive ability tests, 305
  drug testing, 305
  integrity tests, 305–306
  interviews, 303–304
  performance tests, 305
  personality tests, 305
  reference checks, 304
  reliability, 306
  validity, 306
  Self-actualization, 36, 409–411
  Self-confidence, leadership, 373–374
  Self-designing teams Teams with
  the responsibilities of autonomous work
  groups, plus control over hiring, firing, and
  deciding what tasks members perform, 437
  Self-evaluation, 313
  Self-interest, and resistance to change, 560–561
  Self-managed team Autonomous
  work group in which workers are trained to
  do all or most of the jobs in a unit, has no
  immediate supervisor, and makes decisions
  previously made by frontline supervisors,
  436–437
  Self-reliant, 20
  Self-SWOT analysis, 151
  Semco, 434
  Semco Partners, 106
  Sender skills
  language, 471–472
  nonverbal skills, 474
  persuasion skills, 469–471
  presentation, 469
  presentation skills, 469–470
  writing skills, 471
  Senior vice president (SVP), 16
  Sephora, 142
  Servant–leader A leader who serves
  others’ needs while strengthening the
  organization, 385
  Service The speed and dependability
  with which an organization delivers what
  customers want, 9–10, 12, 279
  Service Employees International Union, 319
  Service relationships, 448
  Sex discrimination, 335. See also Diversity
  Sexism, 352
  Sexual harassment Unwelcome sexual
  conduct that is a term or condition of
  employment, 338
  Shapers Companies that try to change
  the structure of their industries, creating a
  future competitive landscape of their own
  design, 570
  Shaping the future
  adapters, 570
  career development, 573–574
  collaboration, 575–576
  creating, 570–572
  learning and leading, 574–575
  proactive change, 569
  reactive change, 569
  shaper, 570
  thinking about, 569–570
  Shared knowledge, 543
  Shared leadership Choosing from
  among qualified applicants to hire, 386
  Sharp, 232
  Shazam, 174
  Shell, 340
  Shell Oil Company, 555–556, 566
  Shelters to Shutters, 350
  Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, 184
  Shopify, 124
  Short-term wins, generate, 568
  Sidecar, 77
  Siemens, 187
  Siemens Energy, 301
  Siemens Healthineers, 408
  Silence, as nonverbal skill, 472
  SilverSneakers, 204
  Similarity myth, 348
  Simmons Market Research Bureau, 233
  SimplyHired, 303
  Singapore, 175
  Sinopec Group (China), 4, 171
  Sinovel Wind Group Co., 184
  Siri, 6
  Situational analysis A process planners
  use to gather, interpret, and summarize all
  information relevant to the planning issue
  under consideration, 110–111
  Situational approach Leadership
  perspective proposing that universally
  important traits and behaviors do not exist
  and that effective leadership behavior
  varies from situation to situation, 378–382
  Situational control, 380
  Situational favorableness, 380
  Situational interview, 303–304
  Six sigma quality A method of
  systematically analyzing work processes
  to identify and eliminate virtually all causes
  of defects, standardizing the processes to
  reach the lowest practicable level of any
  cause of customer dissatisfaction,
  280–281, 500–502
  Skill building, 351, 573
  Skill Scout, 463
  Skill variety, 414
  Skunkworks A project team designated
  to produce a new, innovative product, 220
  Skype, 46, 467
  Slack, 64, 440
  Small batch Technology that produces
  goods and services in low volume,
  282–283606 Glossary / Subjects
  Small business A business having
  fewer than 500 employees, independently
  owned and operated, not dominant in
  its field, and not characterized by many
  innovative practices, 200
  Small Business Administration, 200,
  205, 214, 227
  Small business grant, 212
  Small Business Learning Center, 214
  SMART, 403
  Smart Compose, 468
  “Smarter city” technologies, 570
  Smarter Planet, 176
  Smart goals, 401–402
  Smartphones, popularity of, 3
  Smithfield Foods, 153–154
  Smoothing Leveling normal fluctuations
  at the boundaries of the environment, 62
  SMRC. See Student Movement for Real
  Change (SMRC)
  Snagajob, 303
  Snapchat, 202, 533, 541, 570
  SnapChat, 15 
  Snap Inc., 248
  Soaring Eagle Skate Company, 102–103
  Social analysis, 121
  Social capital Goodwill stemming from
  your social relationships; a competitive
  advantage in the form of relationships with
  other people and the image other people
  have of you, 21, 219
  Social CRM, 280. See also Customer
  relationship management (CRM)
  Social enterprise Organization that
  applies business models and leverages
  resources in ways that address social
  problems, 206, 207–208
  Social Enterprise Alliance, 473
  Social entrepreneurship Leveraging
  resources to address social problems,
  206–207
  Social Entrepreneurship boxes, 13
  artificial intelligence, 571
  climate change, 49
  communicating success, 473
  co-working, 443
  engineering disaster-resilient homes, 386
  growth as goal, 300
  Kiva, 248
  learning-by-doing training programs, 156
  measuring social impact, 496
  nonprofit or for-profit, 80
  Novo Nordisk, 113
  scaling social enterprises, 277
  student social entrepreneurs, 177
  Team Rubicon, 412–413
  water ATMs, 520
  Social facilitation effect Working
  harder when in a group than when working
  alone, 442
  Social impact, measuring, 496
  Social issues, 44, 49, 68, 174
  Socialization, 446
  Socialization standards, 446
  Socialized power, 411
  “Social listening,” 280
  Social loafing Working less hard and
  being less productive when in a group,
  90–91, 442
  Social media
  digital communication and, 465
  as ethical issue in business, 145
  profiles prospective employees, 304
  Social networking, 5–6
  Social or belongingness needs, 409–410
  Social relationships, 21
  Social responsibility, 154, 163. See also
  Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
  Social Security Act of 1935, 317–318
  Social Security verification, 304–305
  Sociotechnical systems An approach
  to job design that attempts to redesign
  tasks to optimize operation of a new
  technology while preserving employees’
  interpersonal relationships and other
  human aspects of the work, 546, 546
  SodaStream, 49
  SOE. See State-owned enterprise (SOE)
  Soft Scroll, 227
  Solidarium, 208
  Solutionary, 450
  Sonnen, 566
  Sony, 172, 180, 203, 232, 556–557
  Sony Electronics, 338
  SoundCloud, 461, 469, 480
  Sourcify, 571
  South Africa, 176
  South America, 176
  South Asia, 206
  Southwest Airlines, 37, 59, 65, 385
  SpaceX, 120, 367, 525, 547
  Spacious, 443
  Span of control The number of
  subordinates who report directly to an
  executive or supervisor, 242–243
  Spanx, 203
  Specialist, 19
  Specialization A process in which
  different individuals and units perform
  different tasks, 238
  Speech recognition tools, 6
  Speed Fast and timely execution,
  response, and delivery of products, 10–12,
  286–287
  Speed trap. See Time pressure
  Spirit Airlines, 11
  Spokesperson, 17
  Sport Clips, 219
  Spotify, 202, 480
  Sprint, 466
  Stability and tenure of personnel, 35
  Stabilization relationships, 448
  Staff departments Units that support
  line departments, 246
  Staffing
  at Google, 311
  recruitment, 302–303
  selection, 303–306
  workforce reductions, 306–309
  Stakeholders Groups and individuals
  who affect and are affected by the
  achievement of the organization’s mission,
  goals, and strategies, 120
  Standard Expected performance for
  a given goal: a target that establishes
  a desired performance level, motivates
  performance, and serves as a benchmark
  against which actual performance is
  assessed, 496
  Standardization Establishing common
  routines and procedures that apply
  uniformly to everyone, 256
  Standard and Poor’s 500, 45
  Stanford University, 545
  Stanley Lynch Investment Group, 264
  Staples, 49
  Starbucks, 9, 49, 60, 152, 169, 175, 199–200,
  274, 277, 401, 515
  Stars, in BCG matrix, 127–128
  Start-up, 216–217. See also Entrepreneurship
  State Farm Insurance, 414
  State Grid (China), 4, 171
  State-owned enterprise (SOE), 184
  Statistical Abstract of the United States, 233
  Statistical Analysis Software (SAS), 399–400
  Stat-USA, 233
  Status symbol, 65
  Stewardship Contributing to the longterm welfare of others, 152
  Stockholders’ equity The amount
  accruing to the corporation’s
  owners, 505
  Stock market, 45
  Stock options, 317
  Stonewalling, 147
  Stonyfield’s, 158
  Stories, 15
  Stories Ads, 15
  Strategic alliance A formal relationship
  created among independent organizations
  with the purpose of joint pursuit of mutual
  goals, 272, 273, 274–276
  Strategic control, 118–119, 131
  Strategic control system A system
  designed to support managers in
  evaluating the organization’s progress
  regarding its strategy and, when
  discrepancies exist, taking corrective
  action, 130
  Strategic goals Major targets or end
  results relating to the organization’s longterm survival, value, and growth, 114
  Strategic intervention, 559Glossary / Subjects 607
  Strategic leadership Behavior
  that gives purpose and meaning to
  organizations, envisioning and creating a
  positive future, 370
  Strategic management A process
  that involves managers from all parts of
  the organization in the formulation and
  implementation of strategic goals and
  strategies, 1, 118, 119
  Strategic manager, 16
  Strategic maneuvering An
  organization’s conscious efforts to change
  the boundaries of its task environment, 58
  Strategic planning A set of
  procedures for making decisions about
  the organization’s long-term goals and
  strategies, 114, 116–118
  See also Planning
  Strategic triangle, 278
  Strategic vision The long-term
  direction and strategic intent of a company,
  119
  Strategy A pattern of actions and
  resource allocations designed to achieve
  the organization’s goals, 115, 568
  Strategy implementation, 129–130
  Strategy map A depiction of how an
  organization plans to convert its various
  assets into desired outcomes, 117,
  511–512
  Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
  threats. See SWOT analysis
  Stretch goals Targets that are
  particularly demanding, sometimes even
  thought to be impossible, 402
  Structured interview Selection
  technique that involves asking all
  applicants the same questions and
  comparing their responses to a
  standardized set of answers, 303–304
  Student Movement for Real Change (SMRC), 80
  Student social entrepreneurs, 177
  Subordination of individual interest to general
  interest, 35
  Substitutes and complements, 44, 50, 52–53,
  57, 68
  Substitutes for leadership Factors
  in the workplace that can exert the same
  influence on employees as leaders would
  provide, 382
  Subunit Subdivisions of an organization,
  242
  Subway, 204
  Sunday Riley, 142
  Sun Microsystems, 340
  SunPower, 566
  Superordinate goals Higher-level
  goals taking priority over specific individual
  or group goals, 450
  Superstorm Sandy, 97
  Supervisor, 16
  Supervisory leadership Behavior that
  provides guidance, support, and corrective
  feedback for day-to-day activities, 370
  Suppliers
  in competitive environment, 44, 50, 57, 68
  and switching costs, 53–54
  as unattractive and attractive environmental
  factors, 57
  Supply and demand, reconciling, 301–302
  Supply chain, 127
  Supply chain management The
  managing of the network of facilities
  and people that obtain materials from
  outside the organization, transform them
  into products, and distribute them to
  customers, 54
  Support, 388
  Support groups, 351
  Supporting Case boxes
  Apple, 232
  Foxconn, 232
  Zappos, 361–362
  Supportive leadership, 375, 381
  Surprise, and resistance to change, 560
  Survey of Current Business, 233
  Sustainability audit, 502–503
  Sustainability Minimizing the use
  of resources, especially those that are
  polluting and nonrenewable, 1, 11–12
  and natural environment, 50
  natural environment and, 155–159
  Sustainable Development Goals
  (SDGs), 159
  Sustainable growth Economic growth
  and development that meets present
  needs without harming the needs of future
  generations, 157
  Sustainable Ocean Alliance, 206
  Sustainable practices, 61
  Suuchi Inc., 284
  SVP. See Senior vice president (SVP)
  Sweatshop, 144
  Switching costs Fixed costs
  buyers face when they change
  suppliers, 53–54
  SWOT analysis A comparison of
  strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
  threats that helps executives formulate
  strategy, 118–119, 124, 125–129, 151
  Symbol, status, 65
  Sympathy, 154
  System 1 information processing A
  type of decision-making process that is
  reflexive and done quickly without careful
  thought, 86
  System 2 information processing A
  type of decision-making process that is
  reflective and done slowly with deliberative
  thought, 86
  Systematic management A classical
  management approach that attempted
  to build into operations the specific
  procedures and processes that would
  ensure coordination of effort to achieve
  established goals and plans, 32, 33–34,
  39
  Systems accommodations, 352
  Systems theory A theory stating that
  an organization is a managed system that
  changes inputs into outputs, 32, 37, 39
  T
  Taco Bell, 60, 178, 204
  Tactical behavior, 509–510
  Tactical planning A set of procedures
  for translating broad strategic goals and
  plans into specific goals and plans that
  are relevant to a distinct portion of the
  organization, such as a functional area like
  marketing, 115–118, 116
  Taft-Hartley Act (1947), 319
  Taiwan, 175, 189
  Take-make-waste production model, 158
  Tannenbaum, 561
  Tarang Amin, 434
  Target, 59, 64, 152, 169, 181
  Tariff, 179
  Task force, 259
  Task identity, 414
  Task-motivated
  leadership Leadership
  that places primary emphasis on
  completing a task, 380
  Task performance behavior Actions
  taken to ensure that the work group or
  organization reaches its goals, 375, 382
  Task significance, 414
  Task specialist role An individual
  who has more advanced job-related skills
  and abilities than other group members
  possess, 444
  Tata Motors, 71–72
  TBC. See Time-based competition (TBC)
  TBL. See Triple bottom line (TBL) strategy
  TD Bank, 511
  Team A small number of people with
  complementary skills who are committed
  to a common purpose, set of performance
  goals, and approach for which they hold
  themselves mutually accountable, 438
  Teaming A strategy of teamwork on
  the fly, creating many temporary, changing
  teams, 435608 Glossary / Subjects
  Team leader, 16, 436
  Team maintenance role Individual
  who develops and maintains team
  harmony, 444
  Team productivity, 441
  Team Rubicon, 412
  Teams and teamwork, 1
  building effective teams, 441–446
  challenges, 439
  cohesiveness, 445–446
  contributions, 434
  critical periods, 439
  diverse, 92
  empowering, 441
  failure of, 440–441
  group processes, 438–439
  inclusiveness, 436
  lateral relationships, 447–451
  members contributions, 443
  motivating, 442
  norms, 443–444
  performance focus, 441–442
  roles, 444
  types of, 434–438
  virtual, and e-conflict, 451
  work, 434
  See also Decision making, in groups
  Team training Training that provides
  employees with the skills and perspectives
  they need to collaborate with others, 310
  Tecate, 180
  Technical innovator A person who
  develops a new technology or has the
  key skills to install and operate the
  technology, 543
  Technical skill The ability to perform
  a specialized task involving a particular
  method or process, 18
  See also Career development
  Technological analysis, 121
  Technological change, 5–6
  Technological development, 527
  Technological discovery, 204
  Technological environment, 174
  Technological feasibility, 536, 538
  Technological innovation, 529–530
  Technological leadership, 532–533
  Technological risk, 157
  Technological trends, 534–535
  Technology The systematic application
  of scientific knowledge to a new product,
  process, or service, 1, 44, 68, 282, 526
  acquisition options, 542
  adopters, 529–530, 533–534
  anticipated market receptiveness, 535–536
  decisions regarding, 535–538
  dissemination pattern and adopter
  categories, 529
  effective systems, 117
  and innovation, 526–530
  large batch, 283
  leadership and followership, 530–534
  and macroenvironment, 46
  and managerial roles, 542–543
  managing impact of, 122
  and measuring competitive value, 534
  measuring current, 534
  and organizational agility, 282–287
  small batch, 282–283
  sourcing and acquiring, 538–542
  vulnerability of, in crisis, 97
  See also Innovation
  Technology audit Process of clarifying
  the key technologies on which an
  organization depends, 534
  Technology benchmarking, 534
  Technology configuration, 282–283
  Technology followership, 533–534
  Technology leadership, 530-534
  Technology life cycle A predictable
  pattern followed by a technological
  innovation, from its inception and
  development to market saturation and
  replacement, 527–529
  Technology owner, acquiring, 541–542
  Technology skills, 573
  Technology training, 540
  Techno-structural intervention, 559
  TechStars, 211
  Teco Energy, 494
  Teenage employee, 338
  Telecommunication industry, 531
  Teledyne, 217
  Termination, 307, 309
  Termination interview A discussion
  between a manager and an employee
  about the employee’s dismissal, 307
  Tesco, 313
  Tesla Motors, 306, 367, 465, 525–526,
  538–539, 546–547, 566
  Texas Instruments, 251
  Theory X, 37
  Theory Y, 37
  ThinkImpact, 80
  Third-country nationals Natives of
  a country other than the home country or
  the host country of an overseas subsidiary,
  185
  Thomas J. Watson Research Center, 538
  ThomsonResearch, 233
  Thomson Reuters Diversity and Inclusion
  Index, 333
  Thomson Venture Economics, 233
  Threat of entry, 57
  3D printing, 46, 122, 128, 536
  3M, 123, 147, 368, 434, 508, 532, 544,
  556–557
  360-degree appraisal Process of
  using multiple sources of appraisal to gain
  a comprehensive perspective on one’s
  performance, 313–314
  Tiger, 180
  TikTok, 533
  Timberland, 158
  Time-based competition
  (TBC) Strategies aimed at reducing the
  total time needed to deliver a good or
  service, 286–287
  Time pressure, 87–89
  Time Warner, 493
  Timing, and resistance to change, 560
  Titles, elimination of, 106–107
  Title VII of Civil Rights Act (1964), 308
  Tivity Health, 204
  T-Mobile, 123, 465
  TNGA. See Toyota New Global Architecture
  (TNGA)
  Tom’s of Maine, 158
  Top-level manager Senior executive
  responsible for the overall management
  and effectiveness of the organization, 16
  C-suite, 241–242
  in matrix diamond, 253
  and planning, 114
  Top management, 219
  Toshiba, 123, 232
  Total, 566
  Total organization
  change Introducing and sustaining
  multiple policies, practices, and procedures
  across multiple units and levels, 566
  Total quality management (TQM) 
  An integrative approach to management
  that supports the attainment of customer
  satisfaction through a wide variety of tools
  and techniques that result in high-quality
  goods and services, 280
  Touchstone Pictures, 114
  Toyota, 4, 8, 124, 158, 171–172, 179–180, 187,
  238, 283, 343, 489, 502, 531
  Toyota New Global Architecture (TNGA), 180
  Toys ‘R’ Us, 269
  Trade Associations, 234
  Trade policy, U.S., 178
  Trader Joe’s, 126
  Training Teaching lower-level employees
  how to perform their present jobs, 309
  inclusiveness, 350–351
  processes, 311
  types of, 310–311
  Trait approach A leadership
  perspective that attempts to determine the
  personal characteristics that great leaders
  share, 373, 374
  Trait scale, 312
  Transactional leader Leader who
  manages through transactions, using
  legitimate, reward, and coercive powers to
  give commands and exchange rewards for
  services rendered, 383
  Transcendent education An
  education with five higher goals that
  balance self-interest with responsibility to
  others, 154Glossary / Subjects 609
  Transfer price Price charged by one
  unit for a good or service provided to
  another unit within the organization, 514
  Transformational leader A leader
  who motivates people to transcend their
  personal interests for the good of the
  group, 383, 384–385, 404, 448
  Transgender community, 435
  Transnational model An
  organizational model characterized by
  centralizing certain functions in locations
  that best achieve cost economies;
  basing other functions in the company’s
  national subsidiaries to facilitate greater
  local responsiveness; and fostering
  communication among subsidiaries to
  permit transfer of technological expertise
  and skills, 178, 180, 181–182
  Transnational teams Teams
  composed of multinational members
  whose activities span multiple countries.
  Such teams differ from other work
  teams by being multicultural and by
  often being geographically dispersed,
  being psychologically distant, and
  working on highly complex projects
  having considerable impact on company
  objectives, 435
  Transparency People’s beliefs that
  the information their employer and others
  send them is of high quality, as defined by
  accuracy, timeliness, and full disclosure of
  relevant information, 479, 480
  Treasure Cup, 194
  TripAdvisor, 8
  Triple bottom line (TBL) Economic,
  social, and environmental performance,
  113, 153, 502–503
  Tropicana, 53
  Truth telling, 141. See also Ethics
  TRW, 251
  TTEC, 254
  TurboTax, 276
  20 Percent Rule, 220
  20th Century Fox, 114
  Twitter, 8, 303, 305, 341, 465, 549
  “Two-boss” manager/employee, 253
  Two-factor theory Herzberg’s theory
  describing two factors affecting people’s
  work motivation and satisfaction, 413
  Two-way communication A
  process in which information flows in
  two directions—the receiver provides
  feedback, and the sender is receptive to
  the feedback, 462, 463
  Tyranny of the or The belief that things
  must be either A or B and cannot be both;
  that only one goal and not another can be
  attained, 557
  U
  Uber, 4, 88, 98
  Uber Technologies, 77
  Uncertainty The state that exists
  when decision makers have insufficient
  information, 79
  Uncertainty avoidance, 188
  Unconscious bias, 528
  Unemployment insurance, 317–318
  Unemployment rate, 45
  Unethical behavior, 402
  Unfreezing Realizing that current
  practices are inappropriate and that new
  behavior is necessary, 562, 563
  Unilever, 123, 158, 168
  Union contract, 307
  Unionization, 320
  Union membership, decline in, 321–322
  Union shop An organization with
  a union and a union security clause
  specifying that workers must join the union
  after a set period of time, 321
  Union voting behavior, 320
  Unisys, 466
  United Nations, 159
  United States
  affirmative action, 341
  age diversity, 341
  Chinese company expansion in, 169
  and climate change, 49
  competitive environment, 51, 62
  and conflict management styles, 449
  cross-cultural differences, 376
  dependence on foreign old, 176
  diverse workflow in, 334
  and diversity, 152
  e-commerce in, 205
  education levels in, 341
  employment of people with disabilities, 340
  entrepreneurship in, 205
  environmental problems, 157
  ethics, 143–145, 147
  executive pay and stock options, 317
  feedback to employees in, 310
  generational shift in organization structure
  and functions, 257
  and globalization, 5
  goal setting, 401
  innovation in, 9
  and inpatriates, 189
  inshoring jobs to, 172
  international licensing, 183
  labor and supply forecasts, 300–301
  labor relations, 319–321
  languages varied by culture, 471
  Latina population in, 207
  laws and regulations, 47
  literacy in, 474
  manufacturing in, 278
  minorities and immigrants, 336, 339
  mortality and succession in family
  businesses, 215
  motivating employees, 411, 413
  and need for achievement, 411
  North American Free Trade Agreement
  (NAFTA), 175–176
  offshoring jobs from, 172
  recognizing cultural differences, 437
  right-to-work states, 321
  small businesses in, 200
  Student Movement for Real Change
  (SMRC), 80
  sustainability, 11
  top global companies in, 171
  and world trade, 170–171, 174–175
  United Steel Workers of America, 33
  United Technologies, 47
  Unity-of-command principle A
  structure in which each worker reports to
  one boss, who in turn reports to one boss,
  35, 252, 253
  Unity of direction, 35
  Universalism The ethical system stating
  that all people should uphold certain
  values that society needs to function, 142,
  149
  Unstructured interview, 304
  UPS, 206, 385, 504
  Upward communication Information
  that flows from lower to higher levels in the
  organization’s hierarchy, 477, 478
  USA Hospital Supply, 27–28
  U.S. Army, 46
  U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 319
  U.S. Bureau of the Census, 233
  U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 60
  U.S. Department of Agriculture, 155
  U.S. Department of State, 5
  U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity
  Commission (EEOC), 98
  U.S. Small Business Administration, 234
  Utilitarianism An ethical system stating
  that the greatest good for the greatest
  number should be the overriding concern
  of decision makers, 143, 144
  V
  Valence The value an outcome holds for
  the person contemplating it, 407, 408
  Validity The degree to which a selection
  test predicts or correlates with job
  performance, 306
  Value The monetary amount associated
  with how well a job, task, good, or service
  meets users’ needs, 13, 44, 68, 117
  Value-added manufacturing, 287
  Value chain The sequence of activities
  that flow from raw materials to the delivery
  of a good or service, with additional value
  created at each step, 279, 280
  Value Line Investment Survey, 233610 Glossary / Subjects
  Value proposition, 115
  Vans, 59
  Variable pay, 316–317
  Vegetarian Butcher, The, 158
  Veil of ignorance, 149
  Venezuela, 176, 189
  Venture capitalist, 212
  Verizon, 87
  Vertical integration The acquisition
  or development of new businesses that
  produce parts or components of the
  organization’s product, 126, 127
  Veteran, employing, 336
  Veterans United Home Loans, 498
  Videoconference, 46
  ViewMyPaycheck, 545
  Vigilance A process in which a decision
  maker carefully executes all stages of
  decision making, 86
  Vioxx scandal, 365
  Virgin Group, 61, 367
  Virginia Mason Medical Center, 500
  Virtual office A mobile office in which
  people can work anywhere, as long as
  they have the tools to communicate with
  customers and colleagues, 467
  Virtual teams Teams that are physically
  dispersed and communicate electronically
  more than face-to-face, 435, 440
  Virtual teamwork, 440
  Virtue ethics Perspective that what is
  moral comes from what a mature person
  with “good” moral character would deem
  right, 143–144
  Vision A mental image of a possible and
  desirable future state of the organization,
  367, 368, 369, 568
  Vocational Rehabilitation Act (1973), 308
  Voice When people speak up with good
  intentions about work-related issues, rather
  than remaining silent, 478
  Voice mail, 465. See also Digital
  communication
  Volcker Rule, 146
  Volkswagen, 72, 168, 171, 238, 248, 489, 539
  Voluntary action, 59–60
  Voting, 320, 334
  Vroom model A situational model that
  focuses on the participative dimension of
  leadership, 378, 379
  VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and
  ambiguity), 271–272
  W
  Wages, 144, 145
  Wagner Act, 319
  Wall Street Journal, The, 233
  Walmart, 4, 11, 60, 112, 117, 153, 171, 203, 206,
  208, 241, 269–270, 274–276, 286, 288,
  316, 401, 556–557
  Walmart Stores, 128, 275
  Walt Disney Company, 63, 123, 131, 152
  Walt Disney Studios, 109–110, 114
  Warby Parker, 63
  Water ATM, 530
  Water-Less initiative, 158
  Waymo, 547
  Web 2.0, 5–6
  Web 3.0, 6
  Wegmans Food Markets, 410
  Wells Fargo, 11, 140
  Western Electric Company, 35
  Western Europe, 173–174
  Westin Hotels, 94
  Weyerhaeuser, 87
  WhatsApp, 533
  Whistleblowing, 150–151
  White House Equal Pay Pledge, 152
  Whole Foods Market, 43, 64, 116, 433–434,
  437, 452
  Wholly owned subsidiaries, 182, 184
  Wildcat strikes, 321
  Wipro, 124
  Wish You Wood Toy Store, 135
  W. L. Gore, 410, 434
  Women, 156, 335
  career development programs
  and, 352
  and family-friendly benefits, 337
  glass ceiling, 337
  harassment, 338
  in leadership, 48
  top companies for, 338
  top executives, 337
  See also Diversity
  Women’s Network, 349
  Women’s rights movement, 334
  Workers’ compensation, 317–318
  Workflow relationship, 448
  Workforce
  changing, 7, 335–341
  developing, 309–311
  reductions in, 306–309
  See also Staffing
  Workforce management, 284
  WorkForce Software, 241
  Working group, 438
  Working leaders, with broad responsibilities,
  17–18
  Working overseas, 185
  cultural issues, 187–189
  ethical issues, 190–191
  failed, 186–187
  Work team Team that makes or does
  things like manufacture, assemble, sell, or
  provide service, 434
  World Development Indicators—World
  Bank, 233
  World Social Enterprise Forum, 300
  World Trade Organization (WTO), 173, 183
  Worldwide Games, 550
  World Wildlife Fund, 155
  Worn Wear program, 11
  Worst-case scenario, 57
  Writing skills, 471
  WTO. See World Trade Organization (WTO)
  X
  Xerox, 179, 340, 542
  XFactor Ventures, 202
  Y
  Yahoo!, 87, 277
  Yammer, 440
  Y Combinator, 211
  Yelp, 8
  YouEarnedIt, 408
  YouTube, 465, 533
  Yum! Brands, 5
  Z
  Zappos, 106–107, 201, 217, 361–362
  Zenith, 180
  Zero defects, achieving, 9
  Zero Waste Solutions, 202
  Zip code business patterns, 233
  Zoom, 46
  Zytiga, 52611
  A
  Aaron, J. R., 359
  Abadi, Mark, 358
  Abella, Amanda, 254, 266
  Abrams, L., 488
  Ackerman, F., 553
  Adams, A., 265
  Adams, J., 429
  Adams, R. J., 201
  Adams, S., 329, 429
  Aditya, R., 394–395
  Adler, N., 104, 359–360
  Adler, Nancy J., 348
  Adler, P., 31, 583
  Adler, P. S., 73, 266
  Agarwal, D., 265
  Aghili, S., 521
  Agle, B., 395
  Aguinis, H., 166
  Aguirre, D., 581
  Aiken, C., 581
  Aiman-Smith, Lynda, 553
  Aime, F., 457
  Ainina, M. Fall, 393
  Akinola, M., 265
  Alawadhi, N., 195
  Albanese, Jason, 397
  Albert, E., 167
  Alderfer, C., 428
  Aldrich, H., 228, 230
  Alexander, E., 486
  Alexander, E. R., 103
  Alger, Kieran, 29
  Ali, A. J., 264
  Ali, S., 486
  Alic, M., 521
  Allen, S. J., 397
  Allinson, R. E., 165
  Almirall, Esteve, 552
  Alpern, M., 581
  Alsin, Arne, 166
  Altaffer, A., 243
  Amabile, T. M., 105, 428
  Amano, Tomofumi, 196
  Anadiotis, G., 520
  Anand, N., 165
  Anand, V., 165
  Anatol, K., 488
  Ancona, D. G., 447, 459
  Anderson, Ariston, 486
  Anderson, Brian S., 551
  Anderson, K., 167, 197
  Andersson, M., 456
  Andrade, Amanda, 498
  Anthony, S., 395
  Anthony, S. D., 551
  Antonakis, J., 30, 394
  Antons, D., 136
  Applebaum, R., 488
  Applegate, M., 328
  Aquino, K., 458
  Arad, S., 520
  Aragon-Correa, J. A., 165–166
  Aranda, E., 457
  Arandjelovic, P., 552
  Araya, Daniel, 397
  Arena, Michael, 545
  Arenas, A., 459
  Arend, R., 228
  Arends, L., 427, 458
  Argenti, J., 230
  Argyris, C., 429
  Ariely, D., 329
  Arin, K. P., 229
  Ariss, A., 327
  Armstrong-Stassen, M., 429
  Arnold, J., 521
  Arora, Rohit, 229
  Arroniz, I., 551
  Arther, M. B., 30
  Arthur, W., Jr., 328
  Arya, A., 265
  Aryee, S., 265
  Asgarwal, D., 456
  Ash, Mary Kay, 411
  Ash, R. A., 328
  Ashcroft, John, 398
  Ashford, Orlando, 339
  Ashford, S., 105
  Ashforth, B., 165
  Ashkanasy, N., 30
  Ashkenas, R., 488–489
  Ashkenas, R. N., 264
  Asimov, Isaac, 76
  Assouline, M., 29
  Atchinson, J., 29
  Athos, A., 488
  Atkins, P. W. B., 428
  Attwood, Hannah, 215
  Atwater, L., 395
  Austen, B., 552
  Austin, Robert, 29
  Autio, E., 231
  Avalos, G., 360
  Avella, J., 29
  Avolio, B., 165, 395–396
  Axtell, C., 486
  B
  Baazigos, M., 252
  Baccardax, M., 552
  Bacharach, S., 97
  Bacher, J., 329
  Backarach, S., 105
  Badarocco, J., 165
  Bahn, S., 265
  Bailey, D., 456–457
  Bailey, S., 109
  Bailey, W., 164
  Baird, L., 247
  Baldoni, John, 457
  Baldwin, C. Y., 551
  Baldwin, Timothy, 360
  Bales, R. F., 458
  Balkhi, S., 293
  Balkundi, P., 395
  Ball, D., 458
  Ballard, J., 428
  Ballmer, Steve, 78
  Balogun, J., 581–582
  Baltes, B., 486
  Balven, R., 396
  Balven, R. M., 164
  Bamberger, P., 97, 105
  Banaji, M., 164
  Banga, Ajay, 339
  Banker, R., 457
  Bansal, P., 167
  Baonaccio, S., 487
  Barak, M. E. Mor, 358, 359
  Bardes, M., 396
  Bareket-Bojmel, L., 329
  Barkema, H., 197, 457, 459
  Barker, J., 266
  Barkholz, D., 136
  Barling, J., 396, 429
  Barnard, Chester, 35
  Barnes, Brooks, 137
  Barnes, C., 457–458
  Barnes, D., 457
  Baron, B., 582
  Baron, R., 228
  Baron, R. A., 230
  Barra, Mary, 59, 150, 237, 251, 260,
  337, 384
  Barratt-Pugh, L., 265
  Barreiro, Sachi, 328
  Barrett, Amy, 103–104
  Barry, B., 581, 583
  Barry, Lisa, 521
  Bartlett, C., 30, 266, 430
  Bartlett, C. A., 427
  Bartol, K., 429, 456, 458, 486
  Barton, D., 104, 166
  Barton, Dorothy Leonard, 543
  Barton, Eric, 197
  Barton, M., 105
  Bartunek, J., 264, 581–582
  Baruck, Y., 583
  Bass, B., 103
  Bass, B. M., 395–396
  Bastone, Nick, 327, 329
  Bateman, T., 30, 104, 231, 409, 429, 583
  Bateman, Thomas, 379
  Battilana, J., 229, 265
  Bauer, C., 486
  Bauer, T., 29, 430
  Baughman, K., 328
  Baum, J., 393
  Baum, J. R., 229
  Bayer, Y., 104
  Baysinger, R. A., 329
  Bazerman, M., 103–104, 164
  Bear, M., 105
  Beasley, R. C., 196
  Beaudoin, C., 427
  Beckham, David, 16
  Beckhard, R., 582
  Beckman, Maurie, 165
  Bedeian, A., 265
  Bedeian, Arthur G., 26–27
  Beer, M., 130, 581–582
  Beers, C., 487
  Beersma, B., 456
  Behfar, K., 197
  Behr, P., 395
  Beinhocker, E., 582
  Belkin, L., 486–487
  Bell, Alexander Graham, 528
  Bell, G., 582
  NAME INDEX612 Name Index
  Bell-Masterson, J., 230
  Bendard, S., 359
  Benioff, Marc, 123
  Benner, M., 30
  Bennis, W., 393, 395–396, 458
  Bentein, K., 396
  Bergen, M. E., 103
  Bergeson, L. L., 521
  Berkley, J., 582
  Berkley, R. A., 328
  Berkowitz, M., 165
  Berland, Edelman, 164
  Berliner, U., 164
  Berman-Gorvine, M., 521
  Bernardin, H., 329
  Bernasco, W., 266
  Berra, Yogi, 474
  Bersin, Josh, 328
  Berson, Brett, 360
  Bertolini, Mark, 18, 30
  Bertrand, M., 359
  Betz, Brandy, 103
  Beus, J., 359
  Bezos, Jeff, 31, 43, 56, 66, 384
  Bezrukova, Katerina, 360
  Bharracharyya, Suman, 294
  Bhatia, A., 196
  Bhattarai, Abha, 229
  Bian, Lin, 358
  Bickford, D. J., 551
  Bierly, P., 551
  Bies, R. J., 488
  Biley, W., 164
  Bilimoria, D., 488
  Billing, T., 457
  Billington, C., 73
  Binney, George, 574
  Birdwell, L., 428
  Birkinshaw, J., 30, 552, 580
  Birkinshaw, Julian, 551
  Birtch, T., 488
  Bisson, P., 551
  Blackburn, R., 457
  Bladt, Jeff, 488
  Blake, R., 394
  Blake, Robert Rogers, 377
  Blake, S., 359
  Blakely, Sara, 203
  Blancero, D., 330
  Blanchard, K., 395
  Blankenship, Don, 319
  Block, P., 396
  Blodget, H., 362
  Bluestein, A., 137
  Blum, M., 451, 459
  Blume, Brian, 360
  Blumenthal, D., 458
  Boal, K., 394
  Bock, Laszlo, 297
  Bodell, Lisa, 520
  Boehm, R., 250
  Boehm, S., 395
  Boer, H., 266
  Bohlander, G. W., 315, 316, 330
  Bolelovic, L., 230
  Bommer, W., 396
  Bonaparte, Napoleon, 242
  Bondoim, L., 552
  Bonett, D., 430
  Bono, J., 360, 394, 427
  Boo, Michael, 512
  Boogaard, Kat, 104
  Boone, Larry W., 396
  Booth, Barbara, 105
  Booth, J., 165
  Bordia, P., 489
  Borrelli, Christopher, 104
  Bort, J., 265
  Bortz, D., 72
  Boss, J., 521
  Bossidy, L., 487
  Boudette, Neal E., 552
  Boudreaux, Gail, 337
  Bourgeois, L. J., III, 105
  Bourke, Juliet, 521
  Bourton, Sam, 397
  Bousso, Ron, 581
  Bowen, D., 327, 395, 429, 580
  Bowen, D. E., 29, 166
  Bowen, H. K., 553
  Bower, J., 580
  Bower, J. L., 136
  Bowie, Carol, 330
  Bowman, Tom, 213
  Boyatzis, R., 30, 428
  Boyd, B., 487
  Boyle, Matthew, 293
  Bozek, A., 294
  Braaten, Jill, 156
  Bracker, J., 135–136
  Bradberry, T., 427
  Braddy, P., 360
  Bradsher, K., 195
  Brake, T., 459
  Branson, Richard, 61, 367, 382
  Braun, M., 550
  Breitt, Josh, 392–393
  Brennan, L., 195
  Brett, J., 197, 459
  Brett, Jeanne M., 487
  Brettel, M., 231
  Brewer, Rosalind, 14
  Brewis, K., 552
  Brewster, C., 327
  Briar, Elisabeth, 136
  Bricklin, D., 228
  Bridgman, T., 428, 581
  Brief, A., 582
  Briggs, Janette, 426
  Bright, J. E. H., 428
  Briklin, Dan, 201
  Brockner, J., 429
  Brodsky, Norm, 230
  Brodwin, D., 582
  Brookes, R., 165
  Brown, A., 358
  Brown, K., 581
  Brown, Lester, 168
  Brown, M., 165–166, 395
  Brown, T., 553
  Brownless, Robert, 489
  Bruno, V., 580
  Brush, C., 228
  Brustein, J., 72, 103
  Bryan, L., 103, 394
  Buchanan, L., 229
  Buchanan, Russ, 456
  Buchholtz, A. K., 551
  Buchko, A. A., 73
  Buck, M. L., 360
  Bucking, J. W., 329
  Buckley, C., 196
  Buckley, George, 368, 508
  Buckley, M. R., 166
  Buckley, S., 293
  Buffett, Warren, 158
  Bughin, J., 487, 551
  Bulat, Hrvoje, 551
  Bulin, L., 552
  Buller, P., 197
  Bullock, Daniel H., 197
  Bundy, J., 105
  Bunge, J., 73
  Burch, H., 395
  Burgelman, R. A., 550
  Burgers, W. P., 74
  Burkart, M., 360
  Burke, L., 488
  Burkemper, A., 228
  Burks, Jewel, 202
  Burkus, David, 457
  Burnes, B., 581
  Burns, 270
  Burns, T., 292
  Burritt, C., 583
  Bussey, J., 232
  Butcher, V., 396
  Butler, T., 488
  Butts, M. M., 429
  Buyens, D., 105
  Buyl, T., 521
  Byham, W. C., 459
  Bynum, L., 293
  Byrd, M. J., 228
  Byrnes, Brendan, 136
  Byron, K., 359, 487
  C
  Caballero, J., 395, 429
  Cackowski, D., 266
  Caesar, Julius, 364, 373
  Cain, Áine, 74
  Cain, S., 374, 394
  Caldicott, S., 396
  Callister, R. R., 459
  Cameron, K., 583
  Cameron, K. S., 74
  Cameron, S., 429
  Camp, R. C., 264
  Campbell, Ann-Marie, 339
  Campbell-Schmitt, Adam, 231
  Campion, M., 428
  Campion, M. A., 328
  Cancino, Alejandra, 393
  Candee, D., 165
  Capell, P., 196
  Cappelli, P., 486
  Caprar, D., 457
  Carbonara, Peter, 73, 292
  Cardador, M., 330
  Cardnal, A., 327
  Cardon, M., 229
  Cardwell, D., 582Name Index 613
  Carey, G., 294
  Carlson, J. R., 487
  Carmody, B., 229
  Caron, A., 459
  Carr, A., 136
  Carr, L., 328
  Carraher, S., 293
  Carranza, Anthony, 294
  Carroll, A., 153, 166
  Carson, J., 396, 458
  Carstedt, G., 167
  Carsten, M., 394
  Carton, A., 582
  Carton, A. M., 393
  Cartwright, Mary Jo, 540
  Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, 552
  Cascio, W. F., 293, 306, 553
  Case, D., 486
  Case, J., 488
  Casnocha, B., 430
  Casson, K., 155, 166
  Castro, Miguel, 463
  Catz, Safra, 337
  Cenize-Levine, C., 30
  Cerasoli, C., 428
  Ceri-Booms, M., 394
  Chakraborty, S., 457
  Chamberlin, M., 488
  Chambers, G. J., 266
  Chamorro-Premuzic, T., 395, 397
  Chan, Do Won, 339
  Chan, Priscilla, 22
  Chandler, Alfred, 275, 293
  Chang, C.-H., 429
  Charan, R., 394, 487
  Charles, Ray, 51
  Charleton, T. R., 74, 293
  Chasan, E., 167
  Chatman, J., 459
  Chatsko, Maxx, 582
  Chatzky, Jean, 292
  Chau, Samantha L., 521
  Cheatham, Benjamin, 582
  Chen, Angus, 196
  Chen, G., 456–457
  Chen, Ming-Jer, 580
  Chen, N., 459
  Chen, N. Y. F., 488
  Chen, T., 396, 458
  Chen, X., 197
  Chen, Z., 428
  Chen, Z. X., 265
  Cheng, J., 393
  Cheong, J. O., 105
  Cheramie, R., 428
  Cherin, M., 359
  Chesbrough, Henry, 552
  Chesky, Bryab, 126
  Cheung, H., 360
  Chhabra, E., 103
  Chiang, F. F. T., 488
  Chiba, D., 196
  Chilakapati, Rakesh, 81, 84
  Chiniara, M., 396
  Chiocchio, F., 487
  Chirico, R. E., 103
  Cho, Y., 522
  Choi, H., 458
  Choi, V., 74
  Chou, Jacky, 104
  Chow, C. W., 521
  Christensen, Clayton, 531, 551
  Christensen, L. J., 396
  Christian, M. S., 458
  Chrysostome, Elie, 196
  Chu, C., 487–488
  Chugh, D., 164
  Chui, M., 195, 487, 551
  Chung, J. O. Y., 165
  Chung, Q. B., 266
  Cianci, A., 427
  Cianni, M., 456, 458
  Clack, L. A., 394
  Claiborne, Monique, 292
  Clapp-Smith, R., 396
  Clark, Catherine, 496
  Clark, J., 582
  Clark, J. R., 393
  Clark, K. B., 551, 553
  Clayton, N., 552
  Cleveland, J., 327, 359
  Clifford, C., 360
  Clifford, Catherine, 31, 228
  Cline, B. N., 359
  Clinton, Bill, 177, 276
  Clough, M. William, 396
  Cobb, A., 459
  Cober, A. B., 428
  Cochran, P., 165
  Cochran, P. L., 165
  Cohen, S., 456–457
  Cohler, Matt, 22
  Cokely, E., 30
  Collins, J., 228, 396, 580, 583
  Collins, James C., 556–558
  Collins, Jim, 574–575
  Collis, D. J., 73, 136
  Colquitt, J., 429
  Coltrin, Sally A., 26–27
  Columbus, L., 228
  Colville, Waverly, 294
  Colvin, G., 30, 167, 457
  Comer, D., 165
  Comstock, T. W., 486
  Condon, S., 582
  Conerly, K., 459
  Conger, J., 329
  Conger, J. A., 369, 393, 487, 583
  Connelly, B., 330
  Conner, C., 486–487
  Conner, D. R., 581, 583
  Connley, Courtney, 166
  Connolly, T., 427
  Conrad, Diane, 520
  Conran, Rudy, 520
  Constock, T. W., 487
  Conti, R., 428
  Conway, R., 230
  Conyon, M. J., 330
  Cooch, David, 202
  Cook, Tim, 232, 524
  Cooke, B., 581
  Cooke, R. A., 165
  Coombs, W. T., 105
  Coon, H., 428
  Coons, Rebecca, 521
  Cooper, C., 185, 327, 458
  Copeland, M., 230
  Corbett, A., 294
  Corcoran, Barbara, 473
  Cordeiro, A., 230
  Cording, M., 166
  Corkery, M., 164
  Correll, S., 359
  Cortada, J. W., 29
  Cortina, J., 458
  Cosier, R., 104
  Cossin, D., 395, 429
  Cotte, June, 165
  Cotton, R., 30
  Courtney, H., 582
  Courtright, S., 457
  Cox, B., 136
  Cox, T., 359
  Coyne, K., 105
  Coyne, S., 105
  Craig, W., 105
  Crane, A., 165
  Crant, J. M., 231
  Crawford, E. R., 395
  Creech, B., 294
  Cregan, C., 359–360
  Cremades, Alejandro, 229–230
  Crisp, C. B., 459
  Crispin, G., 328
  Cronin, B., 358
  Cropanzano, R., 430
  Crosby, F. J., 360
  Crosby, P., 9
  Cross, R., 247, 457, 488
  Crowley, Mark C., 427, 430
  Cuban, Mark, 382
  Culbertson, S., 394
  Cullen, J., 164–166
  Cullen, J. B., 293
  Culpan, T., 232
  Cumming, D., 359
  Cummings, A., 428
  Cummings, L. L., 428
  Cummings, S., 428, 581
  Cummings, T., 459, 559, 581
  Curseu, P., 394
  Czarnecki, S., 521, 550
  D
  Dacin, M. T., 229
  Dacin, P., 229
  Daft, R., 487
  Dahl, M., 430
  Dahlin, K., 458
  Dahling, Jason J., 521
  Daily, C. M., 265
  Dalrymple, J., 232
  Dalton, D. R., 265
  D’Amelio, A., 581
  Damiani, Angela, 344, 359
  Dans, E., 103
  Dantes, Damanick, 358
  Dare, F., 551
  Dasborough, M., 30
  D’Aveni, R. A., 73
  Davidson, M., 346, 360
  Davidson, P., 72614 Name Index
  Davila, A., 520
  Davis, Edward W., 73
  Davis, Grant, 521
  Davis, I., 582
  Davis, K., 489
  Davis, S., 103, 266
  Davison, R., 459
  Davison, S., 456
  Day, D. L., 552
  Day, G. S., 265
  Deadrick, D., 327, 553
  Dean, J., 293
  Dean, J. W., Jr., 74, 104–105
  Deane, B. R., 359
  De Castro, Al., 429
  DeChurch, L. A., 458, 486
  Deci, E., 429
  Decker, C. D., 487
  De Cremer, D., 429
  De Dreu, C., 104
  De George, R. T., 165
  DeGraff, Jeff, 552
  Dehaze, Alain, 62
  Deimler, M., 580
  de Janasz, Suzanne, 26
  de Jong, M., 105
  DeJoy, D. M., 429
  Dekas, K., 29
  Delaney, Hollie, 361
  De Lea, B., 195
  Delmas, M., 166
  DeMers, J., 487
  Deming, W. Edwards, 9, 29, 280–281, 554
  Denisi, A., 327, 488
  Denison, D. R., 74
  Denning, S., 107
  Dent, E. B., 581
  DeRue, D. S., 293, 397, 457–458
  Dess, G. G., 231
  Dessibourg-Freer, N., 580
  Dessler, A., 74
  DeStobbeleir, K., 105
  DeSue, Tedra, 28
  Devers, C., 330
  De Vries, T., 459
  Dewan, R., 552
  Dewar, C., 582
  de Weerd Nederhof, P. C., 266
  de Wit, F. R. C., 459
  Dewnarain, S., 293
  Dhanani, L., 359
  Dhillon, K., 195
  Dhiraj, Amarendra Bhushan, 31
  Diamond, Justin, 392–393
  Diaz-Uda, A., 359
  Dickson, M., 486
  Diener, E., 430
  Dienhart, J., 165
  Difonzo, N., 489
  Dimitratos, P., 231
  Dimock, M., 29
  Dinlersoz, E., 228
  D’Innocenzo, L., 396
  Dionne, S., 395
  Dlouhy, J., 105
  Do, B., 581–582
  Dobbin, Frank, 429
  Dobbs, R., 328, 551
  Doerr, E., 293
  Doiron, K., 30
  Donahue, L., 456
  Donahue, Mark, 430
  Donahue, R., 457
  Donald, Arnold, 339
  Donnelly, J., Jr., 79
  Donovan, A., 520
  Dooley, R., 104
  Doppelt, B., 29, 167
  Dorfman, P., 395
  Dormehl, L., 195
  Dorsey, Jason, 570
  Dou, E., 232
  Douma, B., 427
  Dowd, Karen O., 26
  Doyle, A., 359
  Doz, Y., 581
  Drach-Zahavy, A., 456
  Dragija, Martina, 521
  Drake, N., 136
  Drayton, Bill, 29–30
  Dreiling, Richard, 583
  Driver, M., 229
  Driver, Saige, 328
  Drnovsek, M., 229
  Droge, C., 265
  Drouin, M., 486
  Drucker, P. F., 230
  Drucker, Peter, 31, 42, 214
  Druskat, V. U., 458, 521
  Duffy, M., 458–459
  Dulebohn, J., 327–328, 396, 456
  Dumay, J., 522
  Dunfee, T., 164
  Dunn, Catherine, 397
  Durham, C., 458
  Durson, Laura E., 393
  Dutton, J., 30, 105, 583
  Dwertmann, D., 395
  Dwilson, Stephanie, 393
  Dyer, L., 292
  E
  Earley, P. C, 427, 456, 487
  Eastman, L. J., 293
  Ebben, P., 487
  Eckes, G., 522
  Economides, M. I., 551
  Economy, P., 487
  Edinger, S., 457
  Edison, Thomas, 94
  Edmans, A., 430
  Edmondson, A. C., 456–457
  Edwards, M., 329
  Egan, M., 74, 164, 195
  Eiferman, Omar, 552
  Einstein, Albert, 94
  Eisenberg, B., 358
  Eisenhardt, K., 105, 456
  Eisenhardt, Kathleen M., 552
  Eisenstat, R., 581
  Eisenstat, R. A., 130, 137
  Eisenstein, P., 167
  Ek, Daniel, 202, 383
  Ekegren, G., 427
  Elahi, A., 328
  Elias, Jennifer, 196
  Elliott-McCrea, Kellan, 360
  Elliott-Miller, P., 265
  Ellis, A. P. J., 458
  Ellis, K. M., 265
  Ellis, Tim, 547
  Ellison, Lawrence, 563
  Ellison, Marvin, 339
  Ellram, L., 195
  Ellwardt, L., 488
  Elsbach, K. D., 553
  Elsesser, Kim, 429, 456
  Ely, R. J., 360
  Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 398
  Engel, A., 29
  Engelen, A. A., 231
  Epitropaki, O., 396
  Erdogan, B., 104, 430
  Erez, A., 395
  Erez, M., 458
  Erickson, T., 456
  Ericsson, A., 30
  Eriksson, D., 195
  Erlanger, S., 195
  Ernst, H., 459
  Erskine, R., 486
  Ertug, G., 30
  Erwin, D., 581
  Esenhardt, K. M.
  Essens, P., 459
  Esty, D., 167
  Etternson, R., 167
  Ettkin, L. P., 294
  Ettlie, J. E., 294
  Etzion, D., 166
  Eure, J., 521
  Eva, N., 396, 457
  Evans, J. R., 294
  Evans, P., 73, 581
  Evans, R., 103–104
  Evanschitzky, Heiner, 429
  Ewen, A. J., 329
  F
  Fahrbach, K., 522
  Fainshmidt, S., 457
  Fairesrt, 581
  Fairlie, R., 228
  Falbe, C., 394
  Faleye, O., 264
  Falkenberg-Hull, E., 196
  Fallon, N., 487
  Fallon, Nicole, 486
  Fanelli, A., 395, 429
  Fang, M., 329, 428
  Farh, J. L., 457, 459
  Farmer, S., 105
  Farnen, Karen, 197
  Farnham, A., 486
  Farr, Christina, 31, 520
  Farrell, C., 293
  Farrell, D., 103
  Farre-Mensa, J., 521
  Fauchart, E., 229
  Fay, C., 330
  Fayol, Henri, 35
  Feffer, M., 522Name Index 615
  Feiner, L., 28
  Fellermanns, F., 105
  Fellows, S., 105
  Feloni, Richard, 237
  Feng, J., 228–229
  Fenn, D., 228
  Fenwick, M. S., 521
  Ferdman, B. M., 359
  Ferguson, E., 328
  Ferguson, J. G., 36
  Fernandes, T., 457
  Fernandez, H., 487
  Ferndale, Elaine, 196
  Ferner, A., 266, 521
  Ferrari, Bernard, 472, 488
  Ferraro, G., 487–488
  Ferrazzi, K., 487
  Ferrazzi, Keith, 197
  Ferrell, O. C., 164, 166
  Ferri-Reed, J., 457
  Ferris, R., 329
  Ferris, T., 458
  Ferry, Korn, 360
  Field, A., 486
  Field, H., 329
  Field, J., 457
  Fieldler, F. E., 395
  Fields, D. A., 552
  Filbin, Bob, 488
  Finegold, D., 428
  Fink, C., 72
  Finkelstein, S., 105, 230, 265
  Finley, K., 103
  Fischer, Michael S., 165
  Fisher, A., 428
  Fisher, L., 107
  Fisher, R., 427
  Fisher, S., 103
  Fitch, P., 393
  Flammer, C., 166
  Fleishman, E., 394
  Fleishman, G., 166
  Fleming, P., 166
  Florin, J., 230
  Floyd, S., 30
  Floyd, S. W., 136
  Flynn, B. B., 266
  Flynn, F., 459, 486
  Flynn, G., 330
  Foley, H., 230
  Folger, R., 429
  Folkman, Joseph, 360
  Follet, Mary Parker, 35
  Folz, C., 486
  Foran, Greg, 274
  Forbes, M., 487
  Forbes, P., 458
  Ford, C. M., 428
  Ford, Henry, 34, 62, 79, 126
  Ford, J. D., 581
  Ford, L., 360
  Ford, L. W., 581
  Ford, M., 428, 430
  Ford, R. C., 266
  Forgrieve, J., 73
  Forrester, R., 265, 429
  Fort, T., 166
  Foster, W., 581
  Foti, R., 394
  Fourne, J., 292
  Fowler, Mark, 561
  Fowler, Susan, 88, 104
  Fox, Chastity, 292
  Fox, Mei Mei, 359
  Fraedrich, J., 164, 166
  Frakt, A., 551–552
  Francis, Enjoli, 428
  Francis, S. C., 264
  Francis, T., 427
  Francoeur, C., 359
  Frank, K. A., 522
  Frankel, Barbara, 166
  Franklin, Alyssia, 163–164
  Franklin, R., 228
  Frazier, Kenneth, 339, 365, 369, 389, 537
  Frazier, M., 457
  Fredrickson, J. W., 136
  Freeman, Laura, 521
  Freeman, M., 429
  Freeman, R. Edward, 136
  Freeman, S., 72
  Freeman, S. J., 293, 306
  French, J. R. P., 372, 394
  Frenkel, Sheera, 30
  Freshley, D. L., 474, 487
  Fried, Jason, 213
  Fried, Limor, 204, 228
  Friedman, Milton, 154
  Friedman, Zack, 266
  Frimor, H., 265
  Frost, P., 105
  Fry, E., 265
  Fry, R., 29
  Fuchs, P. H., 522
  Fugate, M., 580
  Fulk, J., 487
  Fuller, T., 488
  Fung, B., 166
  Furst, S., 457
  Fyxell, G., 104
  G
  Gabarro, J., 488
  Gabrielsson, M., 231
  Gadiesh, O., 581
  Gagne, M., 429
  Gaines, A., 397
  Galan, Nely, 207, 229
  Galbraith, J., 265–266, 456
  Galinsky, A., 165, 373
  Gallagher, M., 330
  Gallo, A., 165
  Galunic, C., 30
  Galvin, B., 395
  Gamache, D., 330
  Gambeta, J. Y., 103
  Gamble, James, 36
  Gamer, D., 230
  Gamm, L., 582
  Gandhi, Mahatma, 156, 374
  Gangloff, K., 164
  Ganguly, Rahul, 520
  Gantt, Henry, 34
  Garbers, Y., 458
  Garbrielsson, P., 231
  Garbuio, M., 105
  Garcia, Ahiza, 164
  Garcia, Tonya, 294
  Gardner, J., 394, 488
  Gardner, M., 486
  Gardner, N., 327
  Gardner, W., 396
  Gargiuli, M., 30
  Garlick, Saul, 80
  Garman, 581
  Garr, Stacia, 521
  Garvin, D. A., 29, 104
  Gassam, Janice, 521
  Gassam, Janis, 358
  Gates, B., 582
  Gates, Bill, 569
  Gatewood, R., 329
  Gebert, Diether, 359
  Gee, G., 429
  Gehlen, F. L., 103
  Geier, B., 74
  Geiger, Daniel, 196
  Gelfand, M., 74
  Geller, M., 73
  Gelles, D., 30, 107
  Gelles, David, 360, 521
  Genig, Hannah, 266
  George, B., 166
  George, G., 167, 197, 231
  Geraghty, Joanna, 11
  Gerber, Scott, 74
  Gerdeman, D., 30
  Gerdeman, Dina, 581
  Gerhardt, M., 394
  Gerhart, B., 329, 428
  Germain, R., 265
  Geroski, P. A., 551–552
  Gersick, C. J. G., 457
  Gerstner, Louis, 384
  Gertz, G., 195
  Gerwitz, J. L., 165
  Gettys, C., 103
  Ghoshal, S., 73, 266, 427, 430
  Giacalone, R., 166
  Giang, V., 136
  Gibbs, M., 264
  Gibson, C., 197, 456–457, 580
  Gibson, C. B., 456
  Gibson, J., 79
  Gibson, L., 457
  Giffi, C., 580
  Gilbert, C., 34
  Gilbert, C. G., 136
  Gilbert, J., 581
  Gilbert, J. A., 360
  Gilbreth, Frank, 34
  Gilbreth, Lillian, 34
  Gillett, R., 458, 487
  Gilliland, S., 429
  Gilmont, E. R., 293
  Gilmore, J. H., 294
  Gilson, L., 429, 456–457
  Gino, F., 165, 394, 488
  Gioia, D., 394
  Giorgi, S., 74
  Gladwell, Malcolm, 257
  Glater, J. D., 330
  Glavas, A., 166616 Name Index
  Globe, D., 360
  Glover, S., 165
  Glover, S. L., 141
  Glueck, William F., 26–27
  Glunk, U., 30
  Glynn, M., 74
  Gnyawali, D. R., 74, 293
  Godrey, P., 166
  Goel, V., 28
  Goldberg, E., 196
  Goldberg, S. Galloway, 581
  Goldman, D., 360
  Goldman, J., 265
  Goleman, D., 394
  Gonzalez, Oscar, 266
  González-Navarro, P., 486
  Goodheim, L., 395
  Goodman, Tim, 72
  Goodney, Chris, 299
  Goodnight, James, 399, 408, 421
  Goodson, E., 488
  Goomas, David T., 521
  Gopalakrishnan, S., 551
  Gordon, Judith R., 27, 102
  Gordon, S., 74
  Gore, W. L., 410, 428
  Gorman, C., 73
  Gorscurth, C., 74
  Goshal, S., 30
  Goudreau, J., 396, 486
  Gowan, J. A., Jr., 522
  Gradwhol Smith, W., 395
  Graebner, Melissa E., 552
  Grafton, L., 457
  Graham, Cat, 266
  Graham, G., 488
  Graham, Jefferson, 105
  Grandori, A., 522
  Grant, A., 394, 458
  Grant, A. M., 395
  Grant, B., 330
  Grant, S., 458
  Gratton, L., 456
  Gratton, Lynda, 457
  Green, D., 29
  Green, S., 28
  Green, Stephen G., 553
  Greenbaum, R., 396
  Greenberg, E., 428, 430
  Greenfield, A., 29
  Greenfield, R., 105, 328, 362
  Greening, D., 166
  Greenleaf, Robert K., 385, 396
  Greer, L., 459
  Greer, Lindred, 104
  Griffith, Terri L., 553
  Grimaldi, E., 394
  Grimes, M., 229
  Groening, Christopher, 429
  Gross, A., 72–73
  Gross, S., 329
  Grosser, T., 488
  Grote, D., 329
  Grote, G., 430
  Grothaus, M., 195
  Grother, P., 551
  Grover, S. L., 164
  Gruber, M., 229
  Grunberg, L., 430
  Gryta, T., 427
  Guarraia, P., 294
  Guerci, M., 359
  Guest, D., 430
  Guilhon, B., 551
  Guion, Kathleen, 583–584
  Gulate, R., 581
  Gulati, R., 293, 583
  Guler, I., 428
  Gundry, L. K., 552
  Gunther, M., 167
  Guo, C., 30
  Gupta, A., 293
  Gupta, K., 30
  Gupta, V., 231
  Gurchiek, K., 362
  Gurtner, S., 552
  Gustafson, K., 29
  Gutknecht, J., 488
  Gutman, M., 488
  Guy, M. E., 164
  Guynn, Jessica, 137
  Guzzo, R., 582
  Gwin, M., 521
  H
  Ha, A., 104
  Haanaes, K., 167
  Hackman, J. R., 428, 430, 456–458
  Hackman, J. Richard, 413–415
  Hagan, C., 329
  Hage, J., 293
  Hagedoorn, J., 552
  Hagen, A. F., 73
  Hagiwara, Y., 551
  Haidt, J., 430
  Hakonen, M., 456
  Hale, J., 165
  Hales, M., 580
  Hall, D. T., 30, 488
  Hallen, B., 230
  Hall-Merenda, K. E., 395
  Hallowel, E., 487
  Halverson, K. C., 395
  Hambrick, D., 456
  Hambrick, D. C., 136
  Hamel, G., 292, 582–583
  Hamel, Gary, 551
  Hamilton, A., 164
  Hamilton, Isobel Asher, 74
  Hamilton, J., 165
  Hamilton, Lynn, 470
  Hammond, M., 396
  Handmaker, David, 125
  Handrick, L., 458
  Handy, C., 165–166
  Haney, W. V., 486
  Hannah, S., 165
  Hansen, Morten T., 29
  Hanson, F., 396
  Hao, Karen, 31
  Hara, K., 265
  Harbert, T., 488
  Hardy, K., 136
  Harkins, S., 104
  Harlow, Poppy, 228
  Harmon, S., 458
  Harper, Stephen C., 521
  Harrington, B., 487
  Harrington, R., 393
  Harris, E., 394
  Harris, R., 582
  Harris, Russell, 135
  Harris, Vanessa, 135
  Harrison, D., 165
  Harrison, D. A., 265, 360
  Harrison, David A., 358
  Harrison, J. Kline, 396
  Harrison, J. S., 136
  Harrison, Scott, 206
  Hart, S. L., 29, 167
  Harter, J., 252, 429
  Harter, J. K., 430
  Hartley, D. E., 328
  Hartman, N. S., 397
  Hartung, A., 104
  Hartwick, J., 582
  Harvey, S., 105
  Harwell, Drew, 30
  Harzing, A. W., 196
  Hassan, F., 28
  Hasson, R., 458
  Hastings, Reed, 384
  Hathaway, I., 229
  Hauenstein, N. M. A., 394
  Hausler, Elizabeth, 385
  Hayek, M., 293
  Hayes, T., 429
  Haynes, K. T., 330
  Heaphy, E., 30
  Heath, A., 202, 552
  Heathfield, S., 429
  Heaton, S., 292
  Hedlund, Marc, 349
  Heggeness, M., 358
  Heidrich, 471
  Heijltjes, M., 30
  Heine, C., 29
  Helfat, C., 292
  Helletofth, P., 195
  Hellofs, L. L., 293
  Helms, M. M., 294
  Hembree, D., 330
  Hempel, Jessi, 137
  Henderson, A., 396
  Hendricks, Ken, 211
  Heneman, H. G., III, 328
  Henne, D., 429
  Henning, E., 137
  Henning, P., 72
  Henry, L. A., 521
  Henshaw, Todd, 521
  Heogl, M., 459
  Hernandez, E., 486
  Hernandez, M., 166
  Herrmann, Pol, 196
  Herron, M., 428
  Hersey, P., 395
  Herzberg, F., 428
  Herzberg, Frederick, 413
  Hesketh, B., 328
  Hess, A., 30
  Hessels, J., 228
  Hewson, Marillyn, 337Name Index 617
  Hickey, K., 230
  Hickey, Kit, 213
  Higgins, E. T., 458
  Higgins, Tim, 550, 552
  Hill, G. W., 104
  Hill, L. A., 30, 583
  Hill, N., 456, 486
  Hille, K., 196
  Hiltrop, J.-M., 328
  Hinchcliffe, D., 28
  Hinchliffe, Emma, 230
  Hindo, 521
  Hinds, P., 458
  Hipskind, M., 457
  Hira, N. A., 359
  Hisrich, R., 215
  Hisrich, R. D., 230
  Hitt, M. A., 228, 292, 394
  Hitt, M. B., 306
  Hmieleski, K., 228
  Ho, Renyung, 488
  Hoch, J., 396
  Hochman, G., 329
  Hock, Dee, 236
  Hock, J., 456
  Hodgetts, R. M., 489
  Hodgkinson, G. P., 104
  Hoegl, M., 457
  Hoekstra, J., 581
  Hoever, I., 457, 459
  Hoffman, R., 430
  Hoffman, R. C., 329
  Hofmann, D., 394
  Hofstede, G., 197
  Hogg, M., 396, 459
  Hoitash, R., 264
  Hoitash, U., 264
  Hollenbeck, G. P., 293, 488
  Hollenbeck, J., 327, 456–459
  Holliday, C., 167
  Holloway, C. A., 553
  Holt, M., 459
  Holusha, J., 97, 105
  Homan, Astrid, 104
  Hopkins, M., 488
  Hopp, A., 487
  Hoque, Z., 522
  Horowitz, Sara., 359
  Hoskisson, A. F., 103
  Hosmer, L. T., 150
  House, R., 394–395
  House, R. J., 395
  House, Robert, 380
  Hout, T. M., 294
  Howard, C., 202
  Howard, E., 293
  Howard-Grenville, J., 167
  Howell, J., 395
  Howell, J. M., 395
  Howell, P., 73
  Howell, R. J., 395
  Howland, Daphne, 74, 293
  Howser, Brad, 392–393
  Hsieh, Tony, 106–107, 201, 217, 228, 361
  Hsu, S. H., 165
  Huang, J., 165
  Huang, Joanna C., 520
  Huang, L., 230
  Huang, Ryan, 522
  Huang, V. Z., 229
  Huber, V. L., 329
  Huffington, Ariana, 88
  Hughes, J., 275
  Hummel, E., 293
  Humphrey, S., 457–458
  Humpton, Barbara, 576
  Hunt, J. G., 395
  Hunt, Vivian, 72
  Hunter, J. E., 330
  Huntley, David, 339
  Hurtado-Torres, N., 165–166
  Huseman, R. C., 474, 487
  Huspeni, A., 230
  Hutton, A., 488
  Huy, Q. Nguyen, 30, 581
  Huynh, E., 488
  I
  Iannone, Jamie, 294
  Ibarra, Herminia, 29
  Ifeanyi, KC, 489
  Iger, Robert, 114, 131
  Ignatius, Adi, 393–394, 397
  Ilgen, D., 293, 458
  Ilies, R., 394
  Imai, M., 551
  Immelt, J., 28
  Ingols, C., 230–231
  Ingram, A., 580
  Inkson, K., 30
  Invancevich, J. M., 360
  Inverso, E., 202
  Ireland, R. D., 228, 292–293, 394
  Irwin, Richard D., 39
  Isaac, Mike, 28, 30, 103–104
  Isidore, Chris, 28, 195, 265
  Islam, S., 522
  Isumi, H., 457
  Iverson, R., 429
  Iyengar, R., 195
  J
  Jackman, J., 428
  Jackson, D., 166
  Jackson, Michael, 51
  Jacobson, R., 293
  James, David, 443
  James, Geoffrey, 137
  James, L., 395
  James, T., 164
  Jamieson, B., 327
  Janis, I., 104
  Jannarone, J., 583
  Jansen, J., 292
  Jansen, R. J. G., 521
  Janson, R., 428
  Jaramillo, Santiago, 429
  Jarilowski, Chaire Stephen, 196
  Jarvenpaa, S., 459
  Jarzemsky, M., 583
  Jassawalla, A., 458
  Jauch, Lawrence R., 26–27
  Javanmardian, Kia, 582
  Javers, Eamon, 165
  Jeffrey, A., 73
  Jehiel, P., 243
  Jehn, K. A., 360, 458–459
  Jena, A., 458
  Jenning, P., 488
  Jennings, J., 228
  Jensen, J., 394
  Jensen, Victoria, 580
  Jeong, S. H., 265, 360
  Jepsen, Mike, 358
  Jernigan, I. E., 486
  Jesella, K., 359
  Jick, T., 488–489
  Jing, B., 552
  Jobs, Steve, 244, 382
  Johannsen, Scarlet, 169
  Johns, T., 264
  Johns, Tammy, 457
  Johnson, Abigail, 337
  Johnson, D. E., 395
  Johnson, G., 581
  Johnson, J. L., 293
  Johnson, L. K., 329
  Johnson, M., 293, 457, 458, 551
  Johnson, Madeleine
  Johnson, Monique, 357–358
  Johnson, R., 488, 553
  Jones, B., 29
  Jones, K., 360, 429
  Jones, L., 396
  Jones, T., 166
  Jordan, G., 293
  Jordan, Jennifer, 397
  Jordan, Michael, 349
  Josefy, M., 166, 293
  Joseph, C., 229
  Joseph, D., 359
  Joshi, A., 358
  Joshi, Aparna, 360
  Joshi, M., 165
  Jourdan, J., 164
  Joyce, W., 265, 580
  Joyce, W. F., 553
  Judge, T., 328, 394, 427
  Judge, T. A., 580
  Juetten, M., 230
  Junco, E., 328
  Jundt, D., 293, 457–458
  Jung, D. I., 395
  Junni, P., 30, 580
  Juran, J. M., 9
  Jurevicius, Ovidijus, 73
  Jurgens, J., 167
  Jusko, J., 294
  K
  Kacperczyk, A. J., 230
  Kadlec, Dan, 20
  Kaeser, Joe, 576, 583
  Kagermann, H., 551
  Kahn, L., 330
  Kahn, R. L., 427
  Kahn, W., 105
  Kahn, W. A., 429
  Kahneman, D., 86, 104, 430
  Kahwajy, J., 105618 Name Index
  Kaizen, G., 551
  Kalanick, Travis, 4, 77, 88, 98, 103–104
  Kalb, I., 265
  Kale, P., 293
  Kalev, Alexandra, 429
  Kammeyer-Mueller, J., 165, 328
  Kan, M., 232
  Kang, H. Y., 196
  Kang, S. C., 266, 552
  Kanov, J., 105
  Kanter, R. M., 230–231, 293, 580, 582
  Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, 367
  Kaplan, D., 294
  Kaplan, Gary S., 521
  Kaplan, J., 73, 328
  Kaplan, R., 103, 105, 117, 136, 487
  Kaplan, R. S., 512, 522
  Karam, D., 457
  Karam, E., 457
  Kaskey, J., 167
  Kastrenakes, Jacob, 74
  Kato, Y., 521
  Katz, D., 427
  Katz, Lee Michael, 522
  Katz, R., 30
  Katzenbach, J., 457–458
  Kavilanz, P., 294
  Keane, S., 232
  Kearney, A. T., 580
  Kearney, Eric, 359
  Kearns, E. C., 330
  Kehlani, 480
  Kejriwal, S., 487
  Kellar, S., 582
  Kelleher, Herb, 65
  Keller, J., 580
  Keller, R. T., 459
  Keller, S., 581
  Kellerman, B., 393, 396
  Kelloway, E. K., 429
  Kelly, Aidan, 197
  Kelly, C., 229, 580
  Kelly, R. E., 394
  Kemper, A., 167
  Kennedy, John F., 20, 382–383
  Kenny, D., 394
  Kent, Sarah, 581
  Kern, M. C., 197
  Kerns, Jeff, 136
  Kerr, S., 395, 427, 488–489
  Kerschberg, B., 293
  Kessler, E. H., 551–552
  Kettering, Charles, 554
  Keyes, C. L. M., 430
  Keys, J. B., 488
  Keyton, J., 488
  Khan, N., 552
  Khanna, R., 428
  Kharpal, Arjun, 195, 197
  Khilji, S., 327
  Khosrowshahi, Dara, 4, 98
  Kickul, J. R., 552
  Kilduff, G., 165
  Kiley, D., 29
  Kilmann, H., 74
  Kim, C., 105
  Kim, E., 104
  Kim, J., 459, 582
  Kim, K., 166
  Kim, M., 166
  Kim, Peter H., 487
  Kim, T., 459
  Kim, Tae-Yeol, 358
  Kim, W. C., 429
  Kim, Y. H., 197
  Kinetz, Erika, 195
  King, K., 265
  King, Martin Luther, Jr., 383
  Kinicki, A., 39, 580
  Kirkeby, S., 457
  Kirkland, J., 582
  Kirkman, B., 197, 456–457
  Kirkman, B. L., 458
  Kirkpatrick, S., 393–394
  Kirman, B. L., 458
  Kirsch, D., 292
  Klein, D., 521
  Klein, K., 234
  Klein, Katherine J., 358
  Kleingeld, A., 427, 458
  Klibanoff, Eleanor, 196
  Klich, T., 294
  Klimoski, R., 456
  Kline, D., 73, 293
  Kline, Daniel B., 28, 229, 231
  Klinger, R., 457
  Knight, A., 230
  Knight, D., 458
  Knott, Andrew, 30
  Kobold, Michael, 276
  Koehl, Claude, 104
  Koehler, J., 488
  Koerner, M. M., 396
  Kohlberg, L., 165
  Kohls, J., 197
  Kolhatkar, Sheelah, 105
  Kolodny, H., 266, 329
  Kolodny, Lora, 164, 230
  Kondo, M., 459
  Konopaske, R., 79, 329
  Konrad, A., 228, 327
  Konradt, U., 458
  Koo, Mee-Hyoe, 29–30
  Koob, J., 74
  Kopytoff, Verne, 487
  Korda, M., 487
  Koren, T., 429
  Korn, M., 553
  Kornack, Kyle, 202
  Korten, D. C., 166
  Kotter, J., 582
  Kotter, J. P., 394, 581–583
  Kotter, John P., 564, 566–568
  Kouzes, J., 396, 488
  Kouzes, James, 366–367, 393
  Kozan, Kayla, 521
  Kramer, Angelique, 552
  Kramer, Jillian, 328
  Kramer, M., 229, 583
  Kranz, Gene, 98
  Krauss, C., 582
  Kräussl, R, 581
  Krazit, T., 552
  Kreissl, B., 359
  Kreitner, R., 427
  Krejcova, Michaela, 393
  Krell, E., 252
  Krietner, R., 39
  Krishnamurthy, Deepak, 230
  Krishnan, T. T., 327
  Kroeger, A., 30
  Kroos, H., 34
  Kross, E., 30
  Kryscynski, D., 327
  Kuban, S., 293
  Kucera, Danielle, 73
  Kuczmarski, T., 552
  Kudel, Ian, 520
  Kuenzi, M., 396
  Kukenberger, M., 396
  Kulik, C., 359–360
  Kundra, J. T., 264
  Kurland, N. B., 488
  Kurtines, W. M., 165
  Kurtzberg, T., 486–487
  Kuvaas, Baard, 521
  Kwon, S., 31
  Kynighou, A., 293
  L
  Labelle, R., ó 359
  Labianca, G., 488
  Lacerenze, C., 486
  Laczniak, G., 165
  Ladd, B., 29
  Ladd, Julie, 212
  Laffoley, T., 581
  Lafley, A. G., 115, 136
  LaGanke, J., 486
  Lagerstrom, K., 456
  Lagges, J., 265
  Lahiri, S., 457
  Lai, Y., 327
  Lam, S. S. K., 486
  Lamare, J., 330
  Lambert, Fred, 266
  Lamont, B. T., 265
  Lando, M. A., 522
  Lane, P. J., 136
  Langa, G., 486
  Lange, J. E., 229
  Langfred, C., 457
  Lanivich, S., 328
  Lansing, Sherry, 207
  Lanzolla, G., 137
  Lao, X., 28
  LaPort, K., 396, 458
  Larcker, D., 265, 488
  LaReau, J., 396
  Larrick, R., 488
  Larson, E., 103–104
  Larson, L. L., 395
  Laschinger, H., 265
  Lash, R., 252
  Lashinsky, Adam, 29, 395
  Latane, B., 104
  Latham, G., 329, 427
  Latham, G. P., 427
  Latham, S., 550
  Lau, R., 459
  Laubacher, R., 264
  Laundauer, S., 427
  Laurent, A., 581Name Index 619
  Laval, Zac, 230
  Lavoie, Johanne, 397
  Lawler, E. E., III, 265–266, 293, 393, 427–430,
  456–458, 521–522, 581–583
  Lawrence, P., 238–239, 264, 266
  Layton, Hunt D., 265
  Lazarova, Mila, 196
  Lazarus, D., 551
  Lazenby, J., 428
  Leaf, Clifton, 394
  Leana, C. F., 581
  Leavitt, K., 164
  LeBreton, J., 394
  Le Breton-Miller, I., 582
  Lechner, C., 105
  Ledford, G. E., 293
  Lee, April, 358
  Lee, Bo Young, 98
  Lee, C., 459
  Lee, H. L., 73, 293
  Lee, M., 265
  Lee, M. D., 360
  Lee, Peter, 456
  Lee, T., 429
  Legere, John, 465
  Lei, D., 74, 583
  Leifer, R., 551
  Lencioni, P., 459
  Lengel, R., 487
  Lengnick-Hall, C., 29
  Lengnick-Hall, M., 29
  Lengnick-Hall, M. L., 360
  Leonard, D., 552
  Leonard, H., 580
  Leon-Perez, J., 459
  Lepak, D., 30
  Lepine, J., 488
  LePine, M. A., 395
  Leskin, P., 105
  Lesser, E., 488
  Leswing, K., 164
  Leung, T. Y., 359
  Levin, D., 488
  Levine, J. M., 458
  Levinson, Marc, 72
  Levinthal, D., 265
  Levitin, D., 427
  Levy, Steven, 552
  Lewin, D., 330
  Lewin, Kurt, 581
  Li, C., 74
  Li, D., 228
  Li, Ming, 197
  Liak, T., 167
  Liakopoulos, Andrew, 521
  Liang, Lim Yan, 197
  Liao, B., 456
  Liao, C., 396
  Lichtenhaler, Ulrich, 552
  Liden, R., 104, 396
  Liden, R. C., 429
  Liedtka, J., 553
  Liedtka, Jeanne, 545
  Lifei, Z., 232
  Light, J., 328
  Liker, J. K., 294
  Likert, R., 394
  Lilius, J., 105
  Linder, C., 521
  Lindorff, D., 486
  Lindsay, W. M., 294
  Ling, Y., 231, 395
  Link, A. N., 552
  Lippitt, R., 394
  Litchfield, R. C., 427
  Liu, D., 429
  Liu, Y., 360
  Ljung, Alexander, 461
  Llopis, G., 103, 393
  Lloyd, S., 265
  Llvne-Tarandach, R., 30
  Locke, E., 394, 427, 429, 458
  Locke, E. A., 30, 229, 393
  Lockwood, C., 74
  Loeffert, Tom, 551
  Loftus, P., 521
  Loftus, Peter, 393
  Logan, Gordon, 219
  Logue, C. M., 474, 487
  Lohr, S., 427
  Lohr, Steve, 164
  Lombardo, M., 487
  Longenecker, C. O., 459
  Lopez, Nina, 194
  Lopez-Kidwell, V., 488
  Lord, R. G., 395
  Lorinkova, N., 429, 457
  Lorsch, J., 238–239, 264
  Lott, A., 458
  Lott, B., 458
  Loughry, M., 312, 329
  Lovallo, D., 105
  Loveday, S., 196
  Low, M., 229
  Lowe, K., 197, 394
  Lu, D. J., 293
  Lu, Y., 428
  Lubatkin, M., 230–231, 395
  Lublin, J. S., 196
  Lublin, Joann S., 104
  Lucas, A., 73
  Luccock, Halford, E., 432
  Ludgate, Kristen, 147
  Ludwig, Timothy D., 521
  Luk, L., 551
  Lukas, B. A., 196
  Lukaszewski, K., 553
  Lumpkin, G., 229
  Lumpkin, G. T., 231
  Luo, X. R., 29
  Luo, Y., 197
  Lussier, R., 209
  Luthans, F., 396, 427
  Lutilsky, Ivana Drazic, 521
  Lynch, J., 165
  M
  Ma, J., 551
  Ma, Jack, 169, 181
  Maak, Thomas, 197
  Macadam, S., 488
  MacDermid, S. M., 360
  Macdonell, Robby, 487
  Mace, M., 456
  Macey, W., 429
  MacKechnie, C., 551
  Mackey, A., 396
  Mackey, John, 433, 452
  MacLean, T., 457
  Macomber, J., 582
  Macy, B., 457
  Maddux, William W., 487
  Madison, Adam, 427
  Madjar, N., 428
  Magasin, M., 103
  Mahajan, S., 487
  Maher, K., 393
  Mahoney, J. D., 186, 196
  Maidique, M. A., 550
  Maier, N. R. F., 104
  Maignan, I., 196
  Mainwaring, Simon, 73
  Mair, J., 229, 580
  Maishe, A., 458
  Majchrzak, A., 436
  Makhani, Sanya, 396
  Makridakis, S., 73
  Maldegen, R., 328
  Malhotra, A., 436
  Malone, Post, 480
  Malone, T., 264
  Malouf, A., 74
  Mandel, E., 73
  Mandela, Nelson, 373
  Mann, Jennifer, 421
  Mann, L., 104
  Mann, T., 137
  Manning, T., 394
  Mannix, E., 458
  Mannucci, P. V., 105
  Manyika, J., 195, 328, 487, 551
  Manz, C., 394
  March, J., 103
  March, J. G., 266, 552
  Marchington, M., 293, 328, 428
  Marcus, A., 165–166
  Marcus, Bonnie, 359
  Marcus, J., 72–73
  Marie, Carley, 489
  Markman, G. D., 230
  Marks, M., 28, 457
  Marler, J., 327
  Marlow, S., 486
  Marquis, C., 28–29
  Marr, B., 551, 573
  Marr, Bernard, 582
  Marriott, Bill, 478
  Marriott, J. Willard, 203
  Marriott, William, 127
  Marrone, J., 396, 458
  Marrone, J. A., 459
  Marrs, A., 551
  Marston, N., 105
  Marte, J., 330
  Marti, I., 229
  Martin, A., 265
  Martin, C., 167
  Martin, C. F., 127
  Martin, J., 292, 456
  Martin, K., 164
  Martin, R., 167, 394
  Martin, Roger, 115, 136
  Martineau, Paris, 230620 Name Index
  Martinez-Moreno, E., 486
  Marx, G., 166
  Mas, A., 458
  Mascia, K., 487
  Maslow, Abraham, 409, 428
  Mason, A., 29
  Massey, A., 459
  Massingham, P. R., 522
  Massingham, R., 522
  Matear, M., 229
  Mathias, B., 228
  Mathies, D., 103
  Mathieson, R., 195
  Mathieu, J., 396, 429, 457
  Mathieu, R. G., 522
  Mathur, A., 328
  Matlett, T., 429
  Matousek, M., 395
  Matousek, Mark, 552
  Matson, E., 394
  Matten, D., 166
  Matthews, G., 265
  Mattioli, D., 393
  Matusak, L. R., 393, 396
  Mauborgne, R., 429
  Mavondo, F., 293
  Maxim, J., 582
  May, D., 165
  May, M., 428
  Mayer, D. M., 396
  Mayer, Marissa, 87
  Maynard, M. T., 429, 457
  Mayo, Elton, 35–36
  Mayrhofer, W., 327
  Mays, K., 195
  McBride, S., 456
  McCall, M., 103, 105, 397, 487
  McCall, M. W., 186, 196
  McCanse, Anne Adams, 377
  McCaskey, M. B., 487
  McCauley, C. D., 397
  McClelland, D., 428
  McClendon, J. A., 330
  McClesky, J., 30
  McCollum, J. K., 266
  McCormack, M., 486
  McCracken, M., 521
  McCracken, Mike, 501
  McCullen, P., 294
  McDermott, C. M., 551
  McDonald, J., 195
  McDonough, Megan, 167
  McDowell, T., 265, 456
  McFarland, Matt, 72
  McGee, J. E., 74
  McGeever, J., 195
  McGill, M., 583
  McGinnis, L. F., 294
  McGirt, Ellen, 329
  McGranahan, D., 327
  McGraw, Madison, 105
  McGreal, C., 74
  McGregor, J., 28
  McGregor, Jena, 166
  McIntosh, T., 166
  McIntyre, Hugh, 486
  McIntyre, K. Kung, 105
  McIver, D., 29
  McKee, A., 30
  McKinley, W., 550
  McKnight, William, 415
  McLarnon, M., 459
  McLernon, N., 195
  McMillan-Capehart, A., 359
  McMillion, Doug, 274–275
  McMullen, J., 229
  McPherson, S., 456
  McShane, Steven L., 70
  McWilliams, A., 167
  Medina, F., 459
  Megginson, L., 228
  Megginson, W., 228
  Mehler, M., 328
  Mehrabian, A., 487
  Meiland, D., 28
  Meinert, Dori, 581
  Meister, J., 487
  Mellahi, K., 74
  Mena, S., 166
  Mendenca, L., 582
  Mendoca, J., 195
  Menser, T., 582
  Menz, M., 30
  Menza, Justin, 266
  Meola, A., 28
  Merchant, K., 521
  Merchant, K. A., 520–521
  Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., 458, 486
  Messick, D., 103–104
  Meuser, J., 396
  Meyer, C., 428, 458
  Meyer, E., 104, 197
  Meyer, Erin, 329
  Meyer, K., 294
  Meyer, P., 265
  Meyerhoff, Robin, 328, 359
  Meyers, G., 97, 105
  Meznar, M. B., 74
  Michael, D., 167
  Michaels, Daniel, 104
  Mifflin, K. E., 522
  Mikel, Betsy, 330
  Miles, R. E., 266
  Miles, R. H., 73, 581
  Miles, Raymond E., 254
  Miles, S., 488
  Miliard, Mike, 428
  Milkovich G., 329
  Mille, D., 456
  Miller, B., 520–521
  Miller, C., 195
  Miller, D., 265, 486, 522, 582
  Miller, T., 229
  Milliken, D., 103
  Milliken, F. J., 458
  Mills, M., 394
  Milner, C., 396
  Milstein, M. B., 167
  Miniti, Huang, M., 229
  Minniti, M., 229
  Mintz, H. K., 487
  Mintzberg, H., 2, 30
  Miremadi, M., 195
  Miron-Spektor, E., 580
  Misangyi, V., 429
  Misangyi, V. F., 395
  Mishra, A. K., 293
  Misumi, J., 375, 394–395
  Misumi, K., 394
  Mitchell, T., 427
  Mitroff, I. I., 105
  Mitsuhashi, H., 292
  Mittal, Vikas, 429
  Mittendorg, B., 265
  Mobley, William H., 197
  Model, J., 229
  Moed, J., 195
  Moeller, Sara B., 521
  Mohammed, S., 486
  Mohrman, S. A., 266, 293
  Mol, Michael J., 551
  Molina, A., 553
  Molinski, Andy, 329
  Mom, T., 292
  Montealegre, R., 553
  Montgomery, C. A., 73, 136
  Montoya-Weiss, M., 459
  Moodie, Alison, 581
  Moon, C. H., 196
  Moon, J., 166
  Moore, C., 165
  Moore, S., 105, 430
  Moores, K., 522
  Moran, G., 394, 487
  Moran, P., 430
  Moran, Tyler, 72
  Moregeson, F. P., 328
  Moretti, E., 458
  Morgan, E., 230–231
  Morgan, J. M., 294
  Morgan, N., 487
  Morgeson, F., 457
  Morris, C., 195
  Morris, S., 266
  Morris, S. M., 196
  Morris, Shad S., 196
  Morrison, A., 487
  Morrison, E. W., 30
  Mortensen, R., 196
  Mosakowski, E., 229, 487
  Mosher, Dave, 553
  Moss, Angelique, 230
  Moss, S., 428
  Moss, T., 229
  Mote, J., 293
  Mount, I., 230
  Mouton, J., 394
  Moxley, R., 397
  Moyer, J., 167
  Muczyk, J., 394
  Muethel, M., 457
  Mukherjee, Ajoy
  Mukherjee, D., 457
  Mula, J., 522
  Mulally, Alan, 386–387
  Mule, Ann C., 397
  Mullainathan, S., 359
  Mullen, B., 458
  Muller, A., 581
  Mullins, L., 456
  Munduate, L., 459
  Muñoz, Cristina, 579
  Murnieks, C., 229
  Murnighan, K., 165Name Index 621
  Murphy, C., 393, 582
  Murphy, S., 104
  Murray, R., 164
  Murrell, A. J., 360
  Musk, Elon, 31, 120, 367, 525–526, 539, 547,
  550, 552
  Myatt, M., 459
  Myers, C., 19, 30
  Myers, R., 125, 136
  N
  Nadell, B., 551
  Nadella, Satya, 78
  Nadkarni, Sucheta, 196
  Nadler, D., 456–457
  Nadler, D. A., 581
  Nagarajan, N., 395
  Nahavandi, A., 457
  Nair, Sanjay, 166
  Nairn-Birch, N., 166
  Najdawi, M. K., 266
  Nalick, M., 166
  Nambisan, Satish, 552
  Nandialath, A. M., 229
  Nanley, J., 360
  Nanus, B., 393, 395
  Naquin, C., 486–487
  Narayen, Shantanu, 384
  Nash, S., 551
  Navis, K. H., 228
  Needleman, S. E., 230
  Needleman, Sarah E., 230
  Neeley, T., 487
  Nefer, B., 265
  Nelson, B., 265
  Nelson, K. A., 197
  Nerkar, A., 428
  Neubert, M., 459
  Neuhaus, K., 294
  Neuman, 136
  Neves, P., 395
  Newcombe, A., 164, 522
  Newcomer, E., 28
  Newman, A., 457
  Newman, D., 551
  Newman, J., 329
  Newport, Frank, 393
  Newton, D., 488
  Ng, S., 427
  Ngan, M., 551
  Ng-Mak, D., 360
  Niccol, Brian, 116
  Nichols, Ralph G., 474
  Nicklin, J., 428
  Nicolaides, V., 396, 458
  Nicols, K., 521
  Nielson, C., 429
  Nigam, Roli, 196
  Niles, Robert, 137
  Nisbett, R., 104
  Noack, R., 195
  Nohria, N., 265, 487, 580, 582
  Noland, Marcus, 72
  Noll, Eric, 428
  Nooyi, Indra, 5, 53, 62, 384
  Northcraft, G., 330
  Norton, D., 117, 136
  Norton, D. P., 512, 522
  Novak, D., 395
  Novakovic, Phebe, 337
  Novet, J., 103
  Novicevic, M., 293
  Nowak, D. C., 521
  Nugent, P. S., 459
  Nur, Y. A., 395
  Nyberg, A., 293, 327, 329
  Nystedt, D., 232
  O
  Obama, Barack, 49
  Oberg, K., 197
  O’Brien, J. M., 362
  O’Callaghan, J., 136
  Ochs, J., 486
  O’Connor, G. C., 551
  Oerlemans, L., 394
  Ogilvie, T., 553
  Ogilvie, Tim, 545
  O’Hara, M., 456
  Ohland, M., 312, 329
  Ohnsman, A., 136
  Okamoto, T., 265, 456
  Okhuysen, G., 104
  Okie, Francis G., 544
  Okumura, Tetsushi, 487
  Oldham, G., 413–415, 428
  Oligney, R. E., 551
  Olsen, S., 520
  O’Malley, Alison, 521
  Omidyar, P., 583
  Omidyar, Pierre, 207–208, 229
  O’Neill, H. M., 551
  O’Neill, T., 456, 459
  Ones, D. S., 329
  Ordóñez, L., 427
  O’Reilly, C., 292
  O’Reilly, J., 487
  O’Reilly, Tim, 5–6
  O’Reilly, C. A., III, 30
  Organ, D., 409, 429
  Organ, Dennis, 379
  Orlitzky, M., 166
  O’Rourke, Matt, 194
  Orr, G., 195
  Orr, S., 166
  Ortner, Michael, 81–84
  Osher, Y., 104
  Osman, M., 105
  Ostroff, C., 327
  O’Sullivan, S., 487
  Otazo, K. L., 488
  O’Toole, J., 167, 458
  Ou, A., 396
  Ouchi, W. G., 520
  Overmyer Day, L. E., 360
  Owald, Ed, 550
  Owen, R., 230
  Ozbek, O. V., 228
  P
  Paauwe, Jaap, 196
  Pache, A. C., 229
  Page, Larry, 10, 552
  Page, Scott E., 358
  Page, T., 265, 456
  Pahnke, E. C., 230
  Paik, I., 359
  Paine, L., 580
  Paine, L. S., 165
  Pajovic, Stefan, 72
  Palansky, M., 396
  Paley, Aviva, 202
  Paljug, Katharine, 359
  Pallotta, Frank, 135
  Palmisano, Sam, 139
  Panetta, K., 551
  Paradiso, Anthony, 486
  Parboteeah, K., 164
  Parker, S., 486
  Parker, S. C., 230
  Parris, D., 396
  Parsaei, H. R., 294
  Patel, D., 550
  Patel, P., 459, 488
  Patel, Shivani Garg, 386
  Patten, E., 358
  Patterson, F., 328
  Patterson, M., 229
  Pattison, D., 359
  Patzelt, H., 228–229
  Paulson, G., 486
  Pawar, K. S., 264
  Payseno, K., 166
  Peachey, J., 396
  Pearce, C. L., 265, 396
  Pearsall, M., 429, 457
  Pearsall, M. J., 458
  Pearse, R. F., 264
  Pearson, C. M., 105
  Pearson, J., 135
  Peborde, M. S., 396
  Peiperl, M., 583
  Pelled, L. H., 488
  Pelleee, 458
  Peloza, J., 166
  Peña, A., 580
  Penley, L., 486
  Perera, S., 359–360
  Perez, Pedro David, 196
  Perez, S., 103
  Perez-Pena, R., 73
  Perkins, T., 264
  Perlez, J., 196
  Perlman, E., 265
  Perlmutter, H., 293
  Perlow, L., 104
  Perrin, A., 136
  Perry, M. L., 265
  Perry-Smith, J. E., 105
  Persson, S., 429
  Peters, B. A., 294
  Peters, L. S., 551
  Peters, M., 215
  Peters, M. P., 230
  Peters, T., 31
  Peterson, E., 580
  Peterson, H., 293, 330
  Peterson, L., 329
  Peterson, M., 375, 394–395
  Peterson, R. R., 73622 Name Index
  Peterson, Richard B., 330
  Peterson, S., 396
  Petrick, J., 393
  Petriglieri, G., 107
  Petroff, A., 73
  Pett, J., 521
  Petterson, M., 580
  Peyer, Urs, 29
  Pezeshkan, A., 457
  Pfarrer, M., 105
  Pfeffer, J., 29, 103, 264, 428
  Phelps, Corey C., 552
  Philips, M., 195
  Phillips, K., 265
  Phillips, R., 166
  Phipps, C., 250
  Piazza, A., 164
  Piccolo, R., 394, 427
  Pieper, J., 329
  Pieterse, Anne Nederveen, 360
  Piller, F. T., 136
  Pinchot, C., 231
  Pinchot, E., 167, 231
  Pinder, C., 428
  Pine, B. J., 294
  Pisano, G. P., 551
  Plamondon, K. E., 520
  Plazzo, G., 166
  Pless, Nicola M., 197
  Ployhart, R. E., 327–329
  Pochepan, J., 487, 552
  Podsakoff, P., 395
  Pogson, C. E., 428
  Poletti, T., 230
  Polzer, J., 459
  Popomaronis, G., 229
  Porat, Ruth, 337
  Porath, C., 583
  Poritz, D., 521
  Porras, J., 228, 580
  Porras, Jerry, 556–568
  Port, O., 29
  Porter, M., 229, 293, 583
  Porter, M. E., 551
  Porter, Michael, 50–51, 57, 137, 279
  Posner, B., 396, 488
  Posner, Barry, 366–367, 393
  Post, C., 359
  Post, J., 166
  Potts, M., 395
  Pounder, R. W., 551
  Powers, Anna, 486
  Prahalad, C. K., 167, 292, 582–583
  Prakash, Rashid, 579
  Prasad, S., 266
  Prather, C. W., 552
  Pratt, M. K., 488
  Premack, S., 330
  Preston, L., 166
  Prestwood, D. C. L., 550
  Prevett, R., 551
  Price, E., 29
  Price, M., 329
  Priem, R. L., 136
  Prietula, M., 30
  Primack, D., 103
  Prince, S., 265
  Procter, William, 36
  Proctor, R. A., 137
  Prokopowicz, P., 74
  Prouska, R.
  Prussia, G., 580
  Pruyn, A. T. H., 488
  Pucik, V., 580
  Pugh, A., 360
  Pulakos, E. D., 520
  Puleo, M., 265
  Pullin, J., 551
  Puranam, P., 105, 395, 581
  Purdy, K., 428
  Purohit, S., 395
  Pyper, Julia, 581
  Pyrills, R., 362
  Q
  Qi, Y., 294
  Qian, C., 166
  Qin, X., 488
  Quinn, D., 30, 166
  Quinn, G., 551
  Quinn, J., 393
  Quinn, R., 30, 583
  Quinn, R. E., 74
  Quittner, J., 359
  R
  Raelin, J. A., 583
  Raes, A., 30
  Raffiee, J., 228
  Rafflee, J., 229
  Rainee, L., 136
  Rajacic, D., 429
  Ramirez, G. G., 395
  Ramkissoon, H., 293
  Ramoglou, S., 228
  Ramsey, Dave, 492
  Rancour, T., 521
  Rancour, Tom, 501
  Randall, M., 136
  Randall, R., 328
  Randolph, W. A., 428–429
  Rangan, S., 167
  Rangaswami, M. R., 167
  Rao, A. R., 103
  Rao, K. S., 294
  Rapoza, K., 195
  Rashid, B., 487
  Rasst, D. E., III 396
  Rast, D., III, 459
  Raven, B., 372, 394
  Rawls, John, 149
  Ready, D. A., 582
  Reagan, Ronald, 382
  Rechheld, R., 428
  Reddy, T., 582
  Reeb, D., M., 359
  Reed, J., 396
  Reeves, M., 457, 580
  Rehbein, K., 166
  Reid, S., 166
  Reinhardt, R., 552
  Reints, R., 137
  Reio T., Jr., 360
  Reiter, C., 583
  Rekhi, Ada Chen, 427
  Ren, C., 30
  Ren, R., 488
  Repenning, N., 104
  Resnick, N., 582
  Restubog, S. L.
  Revill, John, 583
  Reynolds, Katie, 197
  Rhode, J., 521–522
  Riccó, R., 359
  Rice, M., 551
  Rich, B., 165
  Rich, B. L., 395
  Richardson, H. A., 293
  Richardson, N., 103
  Richardson, Veta T., 397
  Ridolfi, E., 430
  Ries, E., 10, 29
  Riggio, R., 394
  Rigoni, B., 265
  Rijsdijk, Serge A., 522
  Riley, C., 166
  Riley, M., 105
  Ringel, M., 552
  Ringseis, E., 486
  Rintamaki, J., 166
  Ripley, H., 29
  Ripoll, P., 486
  Risher, H. W., 330
  Rittenburg, T., 197
  Rizzi, Rogerio, 360
  Robb, Walter
  Robbins, J., 430
  Roberson, B., 265, 580
  Roberto, M. A., 104
  Roberts, L. M., 30
  Robertson, Brian, 106
  Robertson, C., 73
  Robin, M., 396
  Robinson, D. M., 360
  Robinson, S. L., 430
  Rock, Arthur, 217
  Rockoff, J., 521
  Rockstuhl, T.
  Roddick, Anita, 138
  Rodell, J., 165
  Rodriguez, G., 362
  Rodriguez, S., 551
  Rodriguez, Salvador
  Roethlisberger, Fritz, 35
  Rogers, A. K., 551
  Rogers, Bruce, 428, 430
  Rogers, E. M., 551–552
  Roh, H., 358
  Roh, Hyuntak, 360
  Romero, N., 360
  Rometty, Ginni, 139, 151, 337
  Romm, Tony, 28
  Rosen, B., 360, 436, 456–458
  Rosen, C., 429
  Rosen, R., 360
  Rosenfeld, Irene, 144, 337
  Rosenthal, S. R., 553
  Rosnow, R. L., 488–489
  Ross, L., 104
  Roth, A., 580
  Roth, E., 105Name Index 623
  Roth, E. A., 551
  Roth, K., 167
  Roth, P., 328
  Rotondo, D. M., 329
  Rottig, D., 457
  Roundy, Philip T., 552
  Rouse, E. D., 230
  Rousseau, D., 430, 581
  Roussin, C., 457
  Rowland, Christopher, 522
  Roy, Sanjit Bunker, 156
  Roy, U., 294
  Rubin, B.
  Rubin, C., 328
  Ruch, W. V., 488
  Ruddy, T., 457
  Rudolph, J., 457
  Ruef, M., 228, 230
  Ruff, Kate, 520
  Ruhe, G., 104
  Rui, O., 359
  Ruiz, Gisel, 339
  Rupp, D., 429
  Rusjan, B., 521
  Russo, S., 582
  Ruthrsdotter, M., 358
  Ryan, A. M., 429–430
  Ryan, Chris, 304
  Ryan, Katherine, 360
  Ryan, L., 522
  Rynes, S., 166, 360
  S
  Sabeti, H., 229, 583
  Sachgau, O., 583
  Sadler-Smith, E., 104
  Sadowski, M., 551
  Safani, Barbara, 473
  Safavi, K., 551
  Safferstone, T., 394
  Safian, R., 73
  Sagonwsky, E., 551
  Sahin, F., 285, 294
  Sahlman, W. A., 230
  Saiidi, U., 582
  Sakano, T., 293
  Salas, E., 456, 486
  Salvador, R., 396
  Samandari, Hamid, 582
  Sambamurthy, V., 265
  Sampson, R. C., 293
  Sanborn, G., 428
  Sanchez, D., 327, 359
  Sanchez, Daniel, 489
  Sanchez, J., 185, 428
  Sanchez, Raul, 197
  Sanchez-Burks, J., 30
  Sandberg, J., 196
  Sandberg, Sheryl, 10, 15, 337
  Sanders, Lorraine, 20
  Sandino, T., 520
  Santamaria, J. A., 458
  Sapienza, H. J., 231
  Saprrowe, R. T., 429
  Sarala, R., 30, 457, 580
  Saridakis, G., 327
  Sarker, S., 457
  Sarooghi, H., 228
  Sashittal, H., 458
  Sashkin, M., 429
  Satell, G., 29, 396, 580
  Sauer, P. J., 228
  Sawers, P., 195
  Sawhney, M., 551
  Sawhney, Mohanbir, 552
  Saxton, M. J., 74
  Sayles, L., 459
  Sayles, Leonard, 249
  Schaeffer, B. S., 429
  Schaffer, B. S., 429
  Schaub, Michael, 72
  Schaubroeck, J., 456, 486
  Scheer, S., 73
  Schein, E. H., 74, 581
  Schere, R., 393
  Schermerhorn, Jr, J., 165
  Schillebeeckx, S., 167
  Schippers, M., 458
  Schisgall, O., 36
  Schlangenstein, M., 29, 74
  Schleicher, A., 329
  Schlesinger, L. A., 581
  Schlesinger, Leonard A., 564
  Schmann P. A., Jr., 550
  Schmid, T., 136
  Schmidt, Eric, 322
  Schmidt, F., 166, 429
  Schmidt, F. L., 329, 430
  Schmidt, W., 394–395
  Schmulen, M., 486
  Schnackenberg, A., 489
  Schnatterly, K., 164
  Schneider, B., 429, 582
  Schneider, Beth Z., 26
  Schneider, Michael, 237
  Schoemaker, P., 292
  Schoemaker, P. J. H., 73
  Schoenberger, Chana R., 457
  Schooley, T., 580
  Schouten, M., 456
  Schrempf-Stirling, J., 166
  Schroeder, R., 457
  Schuler, D., 166
  Schuler, R., 327
  Schuler, R. S., 329
  Schultz, Howard, 199–200, 210, 222
  Schultz, P., 394
  Schulze, W., 230
  Schuman, Frank, 426
  Schuneman, Pam, 505, 521
  Schwab, K., 544
  Schwartz, E., 395
  Schwartz, J., 73
  Schwarz, J. L., 359
  Schwarz, N., 430
  Schweiger, D., 488
  Schweitzer, M., 427
  Schwenk, C., 104
  Scipioni, J., 29, 329
  Scott, A., 582
  Scott, J., 328
  Scott, K., 458–459
  Scott, S. R., Jr., 228
  Scroxton, A., 28
  Scullion, H., 327
  Seal, G., 580
  Seals, A., 360
  Seashore, S. E., 458
  Sebastian, P., 292
  Sedgwick, D., 489
  Segaar, P., 135
  Segal, J. A., 329
  Seggerman, T. K., 230–231
  Seibert, J., 293
  Seibert, S., 457
  Seidmann, A., 552
  Seijts, G., 427
  Sekerka, L., 165
  Seligman, M. E. P., 30
  Seligson, H., 488
  Selingo, J., 328
  Semadeni, Matthew, 551
  Sendjaya, S., 396
  Senge, P. M., 167
  Sengul, M., 229
  Seo, M., 581
  Serpa, R., 74
  Seseri, Rudina, 360
  Shafer, Scott M., 521
  Shaffer, Margaret A., 196
  Shah, Anand, 530
  Shah, P. P., 329
  Shalley, C., 427, 457
  Shamir, B., 395
  Shane, D., 328
  Shane, S., 228
  Shao, R., 429
  Shapiro, D., 457
  Shapiro, E. C., 393
  Sharf, S., 29
  Sharfman, M., 104–105
  Sharifi, S., 264
  Sharma, P. N., 457
  Sharma, V., 196
  Sharp, A., 427
  Sharp, Rachel, 266
  Sharpe, M. E., 330
  Shaw, G. B., 460
  Shaw, J., 458–459
  Shaw, K. N., 402
  Shead, S., 229
  Sheetz, Michael, 553
  Shehadi, R., 457
  Shemla, Meir, 104
  Shen, J., 196
  Shen, L., 30
  Sheng, Ellen, 197
  Shephard, M., 74
  Shepherd, D., 228–229
  Shergill, P., 359
  Sheridan, K., 328
  Sheridan, R., 428
  Sheridan, Richard, 405
  Sherman, A., 316
  Sherman, A. W., Jr., 330
  Sherman, Alex, 164
  Sherman, M., 486
  Shih, H. A., 459
  Shimoni, B., 581
  Shin, H., 580
  Shin, J., 581
  Shin, Shung J., 358624 Name Index
  Shintaku, Junjiro, 196
  Shipper, 329
  Shippmann, J. S., 328
  Shiraki, M., 552
  Shiverdeker, L., 394
  Shneyder, Len, 197
  Shore, L., 327, 359
  Short, C., 105
  Short, J., 229
  Shoulberg, W., 339
  Shrivastava, P., 167
  Shultz, S. F., 264
  Shurn-Hannah, P., 360
  Siang, S., 456
  Sidani, Y., 327
  Sidebottom, P., 522
  Siebdrat, F., 459
  Siebold, D., 104
  Siegel, D., 167
  Siegel, R., 29
  Sikora, P., 430
  Silver, S., 428
  Silver, W., 427
  Silverman, B., 428
  Silverman, J., 360
  Silverman, R., 553
  Silverman, Rachel Emma, 487
  Simha, A., 165–166
  Simisek, Z., 395
  Simmonds, P. G., 265
  Simon, B., 396
  Simon, H. A., 266
  Simon, Herbert, 96
  Simon, L., 165
  Simons, R., 520
  Simons, T., 458
  Sims, B., Jr., 427
  Sims, H. B., Jr., 457
  Simsek, Z., 231
  Sims, H. P., Jr., 265, 429
  Sinclair, R., 330
  Sinclair-Desgangné, B., 359
  Sine, W., 292
  Singh, H., 293
  Singh, J., 229
  Singh, Sejal, 393
  Singh, Shavila, 202
  Sinha, K., 457
  Siporin, C., 552
  Sirmon, D. G., 228, 292
  Sitkin, S., 395
  Sjaatil, Kjersti, 458
  Skarlicki, D., 429
  Slimas, Tomas, 206
  Sloan, Alfred, 110
  Sloane, A., 330
  Slocum, John, 197
  Slocum, J. W., Jr., 583
  Slowinski, G., 293
  Sluis, S., 293
  Sluss, D., 164
  Smale, A., 327
  Smale, T., 230
  Smidts, A., 488
  Smith, Adam, 154
  Smith, C., 327
  Smith, D., 457–458, 582
  Smith, K., 30
  Smith, K. A., 458
  Smith, N., 521
  Smith, Stuart M., 521
  Smothers, J., 293
  Smythe, C., 196
  Snasone, C., 195
  Snell, S., 316, 456
  Snell, S. A., 74, 196, 266, 315, 328, 330, 552
  Snider, Mike, 73
  Snow, C., 73
  Snow, C. C., 266
  Snow, Charles C., 254
  Snyder, W. M., 456
  Soda, G., 271, 292
  Solomon, M., 429
  Somech, A., 456
  Son, J., 358
  Sonenshein, S., 105
  Sonfield, M., 209–210
  Song, M., 459
  Song, Z., 458
  Sonia Thompson, 457
  Sonnenfeld, J., 395
  Sook, Jin, 339
  Soper, R., 228
  Soteres, K., 30
  Spangenburg, J., 396
  Spaulding, A., 582
  Spears, Britney, 51
  Spector, B., 581
  Spector, P., 185
  Spekman, Robert E., 73
  Spell, Chester S., 360
  Spender, J. C., 552
  Spicer, A., 164
  Spiegel, Evan, 202
  Spinelli, S., Jr., 201, 203, 216, 224, 228–229,
  234
  Spitzer, Q., 103–104
  Spreitzer, G., 30
  Spreitzer, G. M., 186, 293
  Sprietzer, G. M., 196
  Springsteen, Bruce, 276
  Srinivasan, D., 395
  Srivastava, A., 458
  Stahl, Günther K., 196–197
  Stajkovic, A. D., 427
  Stalk, G., 230
  Stalker, G., 270, 292
  Stamps, D., 197
  Standifer, R., 459
  Stanway, D., 167
  Staples, D., 459
  Staples, M., 266
  Starr, R., 265
  Starr, Rachel, 392–393
  Stata, Ray, 268
  Statt, Nick, 294
  Staudinger, Stephanie, 359
  Staw, B. M., 428
  Stebbins, S., 73
  Steel, R., 394
  Steels, P., 197
  Steensma, H., 165
  Steinfield, C., 486
  Steinmetz, K., 328
  Stephan, U., 229, 580
  Sterling, K., 265
  Stern, Gary, 231
  Stevens, J., 165
  Stevens, L., 103
  Stevenson, B., 264
  Stevenson, N., 105
  Stevenson, S., 488
  Stieglitz, N., 105
  Stigliani, I., 553
  Stiles, Philip, 196
  Stillman, J., 230, 395
  Stinchcombe, A. L., 230
  Stogdill, R. M., 394
  Stone, D., 327, 553
  Stone, M., 202
  Strauss, George, 249
  Strauss, Karsten, 486
  Straz, Matt, 429–430
  Strenger, L., 231
  Strickland, A. J., III, 136
  Strickland, O., 395
  Strober, M., 428
  Strong, B., 552
  Sturdevant, D., 29
  Sturm, T., 394
  Styer, Ralph, 106
  Su, Andy, 202
  Suarez, F. F., 137
  Suddaby, R., 581
  Sugarman, B., 581
  Sullivan, J., 360
  Sullivan, Kate, 228
  Sullivan, W., 33
  Sun, P., 74
  Sun, R., 396
  Susanto, E., 459
  Sutherland, Kiefer, 276
  Suttle, J. L., 430
  Sutton, R., 103, 428
  Swaak, R. A., 196
  Swaminathan, Venkatesan, 329
  Swan, Greg, 292
  Swartz, J., 104
  Sweeney, M., 265
  Sweeney, P., 165
  Sweet, C., 582
  Sweet, Julie, 333, 347, 353, 501
  Swinmurn, Nick, 201, 217
  Swisher, Kara, 103
  Symon, G., 266
  Systrom, Kevin, 202
  T
  Tainwala, Ramesh, 304
  Tait, Richard, 222
  Tajitsu, N., 552
  Takeuchi, D., 429
  Takla, M. G., 292
  Tan, H., 195
  Tang, C. S., 293
  Tankersley, J., 195
  Tannenbaum, A., 394–395
  Taras, V., 197, 457, 580
  Tarba, S., 580
  Tarique, I., 327
  Tata, J., 266
  Tatikonda, M. V., 553Name Index 625
  Taulli, T., 28
  Tavis, A., 486
  Tayan, B., 265, 488
  Taylor, A., 552
  Taylor, Alex, III, 103
  Taylor, Frederick, 33–34, 477
  Taylor, K., 73
  Taylor, L., 230
  Taylor, M., 581
  Taylor, M. S., 30
  Taylor, P., 359
  Taylor, Susan Johnston, 458
  Team, T., 73
  Team, Trefis, 231
  Teece, D., 292
  Tenenbaum, B., 265
  Tepper, B., 458
  Terlep, S., 103, 136
  Terrell, Kenneth, 359
  Terrlink, R., 581
  Tesluk, P., 396, 456–458, 486
  Tetrick, L., 330, 430
  Thatcher, Margaret, 373
  Thatcher, S., 459
  Thau, B., 294
  Thomas, B., 105, 360
  Thomas, Brent, 397
  Thomas, Dorian, 104
  Thomas, G., 394
  Thomas, R. R., Jr., 359
  Thomas, K., 449
  Thomas, K. W., 459
  Thomas, L. A., 551
  Thomas, Lauren, 294
  Thomas, T., 165
  Thompson, A. A., 136
  Thompson, B., 395
  Thompson, J. D., 266
  Thompson, John, 339
  Thompson, Sonia, 74
  Thoresen, C. J., 580
  Thorn, R., 266
  Thorndike, E., 403, 427
  Thorpe, Devin, 265
  Thottam, I., 428
  Thottman, 397
  Thura Htay, Phyi, 195
  Thurm, Scott, 330
  Thuron, Rob, 487
  Tierney, P., 105
  Tihanyi, L., 330
  Tijoriwala, S. A., 581
  Tiku, Nitasha, 329
  Tillema, H., 266
  Timmons, Jeffry A., 200, 203, 216, 224,
  228–229, 234
  Tinsley, C., 459
  Titley, D., 74
  Tjosvold, D., 459, 488
  Toberman, Hannah, 227
  Toegel, G., 329
  Tolleson, Rob, 477
  Toma, G., 202, 229
  Tomassetti, A., 396, 458
  Tomlinson, E., 489
  Tost, L., 488
  Touryalai, H., 488
  Towill, D. R., 294
  Townsend, M., 583
  Townsend, R., 393
  Toye, S., 488
  Trahms, C., 228
  Trainor, Kerry, 480
  Traslavina, Andres, 437
  Travis, M., 456
  Trevino, L., 166, 395
  Trevino, L. K., 165, 197
  Trevor, C., 293, 329
  Trevor, Jonathan, 196
  Tripathi, A., 459
  Trist, E., 553
  Trotter, G., 164
  Trowbridge, A., 551
  Troy, L., 330
  Trudel, Remi, 165
  Trudell, C., 551
  Trump, Donald, 38, 49, 77, 103, 145
  Truxillo, D., 430
  Tsakumis, G., 427
  Tsang, E. W. K., 228
  Tsui, A., 197
  Tulgan, Bruce, 341
  Tullberg, Jan, 521
  Tung, R., 196
  Turban, D., 166
  Turban, Stephen, 521
  Turner, Ashley, 229
  Turner, M., 166
  Turner, N., 396
  Tuschke, A., 164
  Tushman, M., 30, 292
  Tynan, D., 459
  U
  Uhl-Bien, M., 394
  Ulrich, D., 327–328, 488–489
  Umoh, Ruth, 330
  Unruh, G., 167
  Unruh, J., 488
  Upadhyay, A., 359
  Upton, D., 488
  Usher, J. M., 294
  V
  Vaccaro, A., 428
  Valdes-Dapena, Peter, 264–266
  Valentic, Stefanie, 520, 522
  Valentine, Elena, 463
  Van Alphen, T., 489
  van Berkel, Ardie, 521
  Van Bunderen, L., 459
  Van Buren, M. E., 394
  Vandebroek, Sophie, 542
  Van den Broeck, A. A., 429
  van den Ende, Jan, 522
  Vanderberg, R. J., 293, 429
  VanderHart, D., 167
  Vanderkam, L., 487
  Van der Vegt, G., 459
  Van de Ven, A., 553
  van Dierendonck, D., 360, 396
  Vandlen, C., 74
  Van Fleet, D., 265
  van Ginkel, W., 457, 459
  Van Iddekinge, C. C., 328
  van Knippenberg, D., 360, 395, 396, 429, 457,
  459, 486
  van Mierlo, H., 427, 458
  Van Nuys, K., 360
  van Riel, C. B. M., 488
  Van Velsor, E., 397
  Vartiainen, M., 456
  Vas, T., 30
  Vascellaro, J. E., 229
  Vasilash, G. S., 285
  Vater, D., 522
  Vaughn, Adam, 580
  Veen, A., 327
  Veiga, J., 231, 521
  Veiga, J. F., 395
  Velez, M., 395
  Veltkamp, B., 196
  Venkataraman, S., 228–229
  Venus, M., 486
  Vermeulen, F., 581
  Vernal, Mike, 22
  Vernon, S., 359
  Vert, Lil Uzi, 480
  Veryzer, R. W., 551
  Vespa, J., 358
  Vesper, K. H., 228
  Vickery, S., 265
  Viguerie, P., 582
  Villa, David, 292
  Villas-Boas, A., 29
  Vincent, James, 487
  Viswesvaran, C., 329
  Voelpel, Sven, C., 359
  Vogel, Tiffany, 397
  Vogus, T., 229
  Von Glinow, Mary Ann, 70
  Von Hippel, E., 552
  von Oetinger, Bolko, 29
  Vonortas, N. S., 552
  Vozza, S., 29
  Vracheva, V., 457
  Vries, R. de, 394
  Vroom, V. H., 395, 428
  W
  Waalewijn, P., 135
  Waber, Ben, 521
  Waddock, S., 167, 521
  Wade, Michael, 397
  Wadhwa, S., 294
  Wageman, R., 458
  Wahba, M., 428
  Wahba, P., 29, 293
  Wailgum, T., 293
  Wakabayashi, Daisuke, 196
  Wakayama, Toshiro, 196
  Waldinger, R., 228
  Waldman, D., 395–396, 580
  Waldman, D. A., 164, 166
  Waldron, H., 359
  Waldroop, J., 488
  Walker, A., 522
  Walker, C. J., 198
  Walker, Justin, 581626 Name Index
  Wall, J., 395
  Wall, J. A., Jr., 451, 459
  Walsmeir, P., 552
  Walter, F., 459
  Walter, J., 105
  Walter, L., 583
  Walters, J., 195
  Walton, R. E., 430
  Walton, Sam, 269
  Wang, C., 459
  Wang, D., 396
  Wang, G., 457
  Wang, H., 166
  Wang, J., 165
  Wang, L., 429
  Wang, M., 327
  Wang, P., 359
  Wang, X-Y, 395
  Ward, A., 552
  Ward, M., 582
  Ward, Marguerite, 360
  Ward, R. D., 264
  Warr, P. B., 430
  Warren, K., 73
  Washington, George, 373
  Watson, Emma, 109
  Watson, Thomas, 382
  Watson, Thomas J., 296, 298
  Wattles, J., 74
  Watts, L. L., 166
  Wayland, M., 136
  Wayland, Michael, 265
  Wayne, S., 104, 396
  Wayne, S. J., 429
  Weasileski, D., 429
  Weaver, G. R., 165
  Webb, A., 165
  Webber, R., 30
  Weber, C., 30
  Weber, J., 165
  Weber, L., 328
  Weber, Max, 36, 270
  Weed, J., 456
  Weekley, J. A., 328
  Wegge, Jurgen, 104
  Wehle, S., 486
  Weill, Kelly, 550
  Weingart, L., 104, 458
  Weis, E., 396, 458
  Weise, E., 104
  Weiss, Geoff, 30
  Weiss, H., 395
  Weiss, J., 275
  Weiss, L., 394
  Weiss, T., 429
  Welbourne, T. M., 580
  Welch, D., 136, 195, 197, 487
  Welch, Jack, 480
  Welch, L., 197, 487
  Weldon, D., 28
  Well, B., 29
  Wellins, R. S., 459
  Wellman, N., 397
  Wells, Nick, 294
  Welsh, D., 427
  Welsh, T., 36
  Wemer, David, 583
  Wenger, E. C., 456
  Wernsing, T., 396
  Wessel, J., 429–430
  Westerman-Behaylo, M., 166
  Westman, Mina, 196
  Weston, D., 137
  Wetselaar, Maarten, 566
  Wexley, K., 329
  Whahlforss, Eric, 461
  Wheeler, J., 458
  Wheelwright, S. C., 550, 553
  Whetten, D., 396
  White, Dana, 285
  White, J., 293
  White, M., 328
  White, R., 394
  Whitney, J. O., 522
  Wickelgren, I., 486
  Wicks, A. C., 136
  Wieczner, J., 137
  Wiener-Bronner, D., 74
  Wiens, J., 230
  Wiese, Elizabeth, 552
  Wilkie, D., 359
  Willcox, Rachel, 521
  Williams, B., 228
  Williams, Collin, 574
  Williams, D., 228
  Williams, D. W., 103
  Williams, K., 104
  Williams, Pete, 102
  Williams, Richard, 104
  Williams, T., 228–229
  Wilson, A., 202, 229
  Wilson, M. G., 429
  Wiltermuth, S., 486
  Wincent, J., 229
  Winfrey, Oprah, 382, 384
  Wingrove, J., 195
  Winters, M. F., 359
  Wise, J. M., 488
  Wise, S., 458
  Witney, F., 330
  Witzel, M., 166
  Wladaswasky-Berger, I., 29
  Wnuck, D., 456, 458
  Woehr, D. J., 328–329
  Woeht, D., 312
  Woetzel, J., 328
  Wohlgezogen, F., 293, 583
  Wojcicki, Susan, 337
  Wolcott, R. C., 551
  Wolf, C., 30, 136
  Wolf, W., 327
  Woloszyk, Adrian, 73
  Wong, A., 459
  Wong, A. S. H., 488
  Wong, C., 265
  Wong, Julie Carrie, 104
  Wong, Jungle, 521
  Wood, G., 327
  Wood, Jake, 412
  Wood, M. S., 103, 228
  Wood, R. E., 428
  Woodward, J., 294
  Wooldridge, B., 136
  Workiewicz, M., 265
  Worley, C., 559, 581
  Worline, M., 105
  Worstall, Tim, 72
  Wright, Aliah, 582
  Wright, M., 74, 229
  Wright, P., 328
  Wright, P. M., 292
  Wright, Patrick M., 196
  Wright, T., 430
  Wright, T. A., 430
  Wu, D., 396
  Wu, L-Z., 488
  Wynne, K., 74
  Wysinsky, Paul, 485
  Wysocki, M., 294
  X
  Xavier, Stephen, 30
  Xin, Zhou, 196
  Xu, X-D., 395
  Y
  Yammarino, F., 395
  Yammarino, F. J., 395
  Yang, W., 294
  Yanouzas, J., 521
  Yasai-Ardekani, M., 73
  Yasiejko, C., 73
  Yates, Shireen, 366
  Ybarra, O., 30
  Yen, C., 430
  Yerak, Becky, 230
  Yglesias, Matthew, 551
  Yi, S.-S., 552
  Yin, Y., 428
  Yip, J., 30
  Yorges, S., 395
  Young, Mary, 551
  Young, N. C. J., 456
  Youngblood, S. A., 329
  Yu, A., 456
  Yuhas, A., 136
  Yukl, G., 394–395
  Yunus, Mohammed, 496
  Yunus, Muhammad, 177
  Yu-Ping, C., 196
  Z
  Zablit, H., 552
  Zablow, R. J., 165
  Zaccaro, S., 394, 396, 457–458
  Zaheer, A., 271, 292
  Zahra, S., 229
  Zahra, S. A., 231, 551
  Zakaria, N., 457
  Zakrzewski, C., 520
  Zardkoohi, A., 166
  Zaslow, J., 427
  Zeidel, M., 230
  Zeithaml, C., 60, 73
  Zeithaml, V., 60, 73, 104
  Zeitz, G., 230
  Zeitz, Jochen, 61Name Index 627
  Zell, D., 581
  Zenger, Jack, 360
  Zhang, H., 488
  Zhang, J., 28–29
  Zhang, M., 294
  Zhang, S., 429
  Zhang, X., 429
  Zhang, Y., 395
  Zhang, Z., 396, 488
  Zhao, F., 457
  Zhao, L., 459
  Zhao, W., 359
  Zhao, X., 294
  Zhelyazkov, P., 293
  Zhong, J. A., 395
  Zhu, J., 459
  Zigarmi, P., 581
  Ziipay, K., 165
  Zimmerman, A., 583
  Zimmerman, M., 230
  Ziobro, P., 583
  Zipay, K., 429
  Zipkin, N., 393
  Zmud, R. W., 487
  Zornoza, A., 486
  Zuboff, S., 582
  Zuckerberg, Mark, 3–4, 15, 22, 30–31
  Zwilling, Martin, 229
  Zyung, F., 10