Making Simple Robots
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Making Simple Robots
Kathy Ceceri
Table of Contents
What You Need to Know . 40
Gather Your Materials 40
Directions . 41
Project: Design a Wheel-Leg Hybrid . 48
What It Does . 48
Where It Came From . 48
How It Works 49
How Does a 3D Printer Work? . 50
Making the Project . 53
Project Parameters . 53
What You Need to Know . 54
Gather Your Materials 54
Directions . 54
- Unevolved Robots 73
Project: Make a Swarm of Gliding Vibrobots . 77
What Is a Vibrobot? 77
What It Does . 77
Where It Came From . 77
How It Works 78
Making the Project . 78
Project Parameters . 78
What You Need to Know . 79
Project: Make a Souped-Up Solar BEAM Wobblebot . 83
What Is a BEAM Robot? . 83
What It Does . 83
Where It Came From . 83
How It Works 84
Making The Project 84
Project Parameters . 85 - Robot Friends and Helpers 105
Project: Make a Chatbot Program 107
What Is a Chatbot? 107
What It Does 107
Where It Came From 107
How It Works . 108
Making the Project 110
Project Parameters 112
What You Need to Know 112
Gather Your Materials . 112
Project: Picture Yourself in the Uncanny Valley . 124
What Is the Uncanny Valley? . 124
What It Does 124
Where It Came From 124
iv Making Simple RobotsHow It Works 126
Making the Project . 127
Project Parameters 127
What You Need to Know 127
Gather Your Materials . 128 - Fun, Artsy Robots 135
Project: Make a littleBits Plotter . 136
What Is a Plotter? . 136
What It Does . 137
Where It Came From 137
How It Works . 139
Making the Project . 140
Project: Make FiberBot, an E-Textile Arduino Robot . 153
What Are E-Textiles? 153
What It Does . 154
Where It Came From 154
How It Works . 155
Making the Project . 156
Afterword: What I Learned Writing This Book . 191
Index 195
Indexbatteries, 20, 158, 159
Baughman, Ray, 2
Baxter robot (ReThink Robotics), 106
Bayirli, Erkin, 37, 39
BBots (Harvard), 78
Bdeir, Ayah, 45
Beatty Robotics, x–x
Beatty, Camille, x
Beatty, Genevieve, x
Beatty, Robert, x
BeetleBot, 84
Biagini, Kevin, 50
Bicalho, Chico, 73
Big Dog robot (Boston Dynamics), 34, 127
Bio-Inspired Robotic Laboratory (National Taiwan University), 48
Blade Runner, vii
Bladerunner, 126
Block Palette (Scratch), 114
Bob the BiPed, 50
Boston Dynamics, 34
Branwyn, Gareth, 103
Breazeal, Cynthia, 105
Bristlebots, 77, 78
Brooklyn Aerodrome, 33
Buechley, Leah, 154
Buehler, William J., 7
Burton, Tim, 164
C
C-3PO, vii, 105
CAD software, 55
Tinkercad, 56
carbon nanotubes, 2
Carnegie Mellon University, 23,
111
Case Western Reserve University, 37, 49
Cassini spacecraft, 37
Cheetah, 34
circuits, 20–21
batteries, 158
LED Matrix controller, 160
links for, 22
Ohms Law, 22
soldering, 88–90
wires, 158
wiring for eFabric project,
160–169
Citilab Smalltalk Team, 111
Cleverbot chatbot (Cornell),
109
Colour Chaser, 135
Connors, Chris, 11
Cornell University, 109
Crayola Model, 129
Cubelets, 75
Cupcake CNC, 51
Curiosity rover, 37
current, 20
D
da Vinci, Leonardo, 73
DASH (Dynamic Autonomous
Sprawled Hexapod), 7
Dash Robotics DIY kit, 7
DC (direct current), 20
Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency (DARPA),
35
degrees of freedom, 6
Demaine, Erik, 5, 27
Demers, Jérôme, 84
Der Kritzler (Norwegian Creations), 138
dimmer switches, 44
in littleBits plotter, 140
DIY Mini Fume Extractor, 89
Dörfelt, Matthias, 135
Drake University, 109
Drawdio, 135
Dynalloy, 8
how-to website, 10
voltage requirement for
wires, 19
E
e-textile Arduino robot, 153–
189
Adafruit tutorials, 160
building, 159–189
history of, 154
links for, 155
materials, 156–158
mechanics of, 155
Edgar, Emma, 33
Edgar, Marc, 33
Egg-Bot (Evil Mad Scientist),
137
Electronic Arts, Inc. (EA), 111
Eliza chatbot, 108, 109
Elmers Dry Erase Board, 144
Emma Willard Mini Maker
Faire, 33
Evil Mad Scientist website, 79
plotter, 137
EyeRoll animation, 176
F
FabLab, 138
Felt, Wyatt, 25, 26
Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within (2001), 125
Finio, Ben, 31
FIRST Robotics Competition,
33
Flexinol, 8, 9
France, Anna Kaziunas, 71
Franklin Institute, 73
Freeform Miller Solar Engine,
95–97
Fried, Limor Lady Ada, 155
frozen smoke, 1–3, 3
Fuller, Buckminster, 36
196 IndexFunniest Computer Ever competition, 108
G
GeekDad, vii
GeekMom, vii
Geminoid robot (Osaka University), 125
Getting Started with Arduino
(Banzi), 155
Ghazanfar, Asif, 127
Giomi, Luca, 78
GLaDOS chatbot, 122
Glue Dots, 46
Google, 34
Graffiti Research Lab (New
York City), 21
graphical programming
links for, 123
Scratch and, 110–111
Griffith, Saul, 23
H
Hanako 2 (Yoshida Dental
Manufacturing), 125
Hanks, Tom, 125
Hanson Robotics, 126
Hanson, David, 126, 126
Hart, Vi, 27
Harvard University, 5, 25
BBots, 78
Kilobots, 77
RoboBee, 34
TERMES robots, 76
Hawaii Pacific University, 108
Hayes, Gregory, 91
heat, nitinol and, 7
Hektor (Norwegian Creations),
138
Hello World programs, 122
Hexbug, 77
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden (Smithsonian
Institution), 37
hopping frog origami, 7
Hrynkiw, David, 83, 92, 103
Hugo (movie), 73
Humphrys, Mark, 109
I
I-Swarm, 78
if-then-else blocks, 119
Indiana University Department of Informatics, 126
inflatable robot project, 23–31
building, 26
history of, 23–25
links for, 31
materials, 26
mechanics of, 25
Instructables, 51, 103
integrated development environment (IDE), 154
installing, 170
Intel, 51
Interaction Design Institute Ivrea, 154
iPhone, 108
iRobot, 23
Ishiguro, Hiroshi, 125, 127
Isle of Man, 49
J
Jansen, Theo, 74
Jaquet-Droz, Pierre, 73
Java, 111
Jepson, Brian, 91
Jimmy (Intel), 51
Johnson, Brian David, 51
Joseph, Sam, 108
JunkBots, BugBots & Bots on
Wheels (Tilden and Hrynkiw), 83, 92, 103
K
Kamen, Dean, 33
Karvinen, Kimmo, 155
Karvinen, Tero, 155
Keepon robot (Yale), 106
Kelly, James Floyd, 71
Kemp, Adam, 91
Kennedy, Erin RobotGrrl, 136
Kilobots, 77
kinetic furnishings, 4
kinetic sculptures, 4
Kismet, 105
Kogakuin University (Japan),
125
L
LabVIEW, 111
Lang, Robert J., 10
Learn How to Program with
Scratch (Marji), 123
Learn to Solder (Jepson, Moskowite, Hayes), 88
LEDs, 20
bar graph of, 44
LEGO Education WeDo kit, 111
LEGO Mindstorms, vii, 51
programming, 111
Leonardo robot (MIT), 105
Levin, Stephen, 38
Li, David, 111
Lifelong Kindergarten group
(MIT), 110, 135
LilyPad components, 154, 155
Lipson, Hod, 109
littleBits, 45
servos, 140
littleBits plotter project, 136–
153
building, 144–152
history of, 137
links for, 153
materials for, 142
Index 197mechanics of, 139
locomotion, 33–71
degrees of freedom, 6
links for, 35
tensegrity robot project,
36–48
wheel-leg hybrid robot
project, 48–71
Loebner Prize, 107
Loebner, Hugh, 107
loops, 114
Loper, 49
Luxembourg, 135
M
M-Blocks, 75
MacDorman, Karl, 126
magic smoke, 91
Maillardet, Henri, 73
Make: 3D Printing: The Essential Guide to 3D Printers
(France), 71
Make: Arduino Bots and Gadgets (Karvinen and Karvinen), 155
Make: Basic Arduino Projects
(Wilcher), 155
Make: Electronics (Platt), 91
Make: Getting Started with
Soldering Kit (Maker Shed),
88
Make: website, 10
Maker Faires, viii
Maker Movement, viii
Maker Shed website, 33
MakerBot, 50
MakerShed, 103
MaKey MaKey, 111, 136
Marji, Majed, 123
martensite phase of nitinol, 8
Matelli, Tony, 129
materials, 1–31
3D printers and, 50–53
actuated paper project, 4–
22
inflatable robot project, 23–
31
paper robotics linkbox, 16
shrinkable plastic, 1–3
SMA wire, 3
McElroy, Kathryn, 154
McKibben, Joseph L., 25
MGonz, 109
Miller Solar Engine, 84, 92
Miller, Andrew, 84
Mind, 107
Minecraft, 55
MIT, 5
RoboTuna, 34
Step by Step Chatbot
project page, 113
MIT Media Lab, 6, 10
MIT Media Labs Personal Robots Group, 105
Mitsuku chatbot, 108
Model Magic, 129
modular robots, 75
Mori, Masahiro, 124, 127
Moskowite, Tyler, 91
motors, 100–103
mountain folds, 17
MouseBot, 84
MSRox, 49
N
Nano robots, 77
NASA Ames Research Center,
37
National Taiwan University, 48
Needle Tower (Snelson), 36
New York, viii
New York City, New York, 21
Nickel Titanium Naval Ordnance Laboratory, 7
nitinol SMA wire, 3, 7
austenite phase of, 7
martensite phase of, 8
Nomad Press, vii
North Carolina State University, 1
Norwegian Creations, 138
Nuremburg, Germany, 138
O
Octopus Project, 3
Ohms Law, 22
origami, 4
origami robots, 5
Osaka University, 125
OtherLab, 23
inflatable arm, 25
website, 1
Owen, Ivan, 51
P
Pancake Bot, 51
Paul robotic arm (Tresset), 138
Pausch, Randy, 111
peel-and-stick aluminum foil
tape, 9
Pettis, Bre, 39
Philip K. Dick android, 126
PLA, 51
Platt, Charles, 91
Pleo robot (Yale), 105
Plotclock (FabLab), 138, 140
plotters
mechanics of, 140
Traveling Salesman Problem and, 140
Pneubots, 23
Polar Express (2004), 125
Ponoko, 50, 55
pop-up illustrations, 4
potentiometer, 44
Princeton University, 127
Processing, 154
198 IndexQ
Qi, Jie, 6, 19
Quattroped, 48
R
R2-D2, vii, 105
RadioShack, 20
Raspberry Pi, 122
RepRap, 50
resistance, 22
ReThink Robotics, 106
Rieffel, John, 37, 39, 39
RiSE, 34
RoACH (Robotic Autonomous
Crawling Hexapod), 6
Robo Faber (Dörfelt), 135
RoboBee, 34
RoboBrrd robot (Kennedy),
136
Robohand, 51
Robojelly, 3
Robotics: Discover the Science
and Technology of the Future (Ceceri), vii, 84
RobotShop, 9
Robotshop.com
how-to website, 10
RoboTuna, 34
Roomba, 23
Rosenbaum, Eric, 136
Rus, Daniela, 5
S
safety
9V batteries and, 9
acetone, 53
LiPo batteries and, 159
overheating actuating wire,
10
short-circuits, 21
soldering, 85, 89
Sarrus linkages, 7
sarrus linkages, 26
School of Visual Arts, 154
Scratch, 110–111
Scratch Cat, 112
Scratch Chat Bot Assignment
worksheet, 114
Script Area (Scratch), 114
Sculpteo, 50
Second Life, 55
Segway personal transporter,
33
Sense M-Blocks, 75
Shafer, Jeremy, 10
shape memory alloy (SMA), 1
Shapeways, 50, 55
Shi robot, 39
Showa University (Japan), 125
Shrek (2001), 125
shrinkable plastic, 1–3
Shrinky Dinks, 1
Sicily, 49
silicon gripper robot, 25, 25
Silver, Jay, 135, 135, 136
sintering, 51
Siri, 108
SketchUp, 54, 71
SMA wire, 3
smart body, 1
Smart Composite Microstructures, 6
Snelson, Kenneth, 36
Social Robotics Lab (Yale), 105
social robots, 105–133
chatbox, 107–123
links for, 107
Uncanny Valley project,
124–133
Solar BEAM robot project, 83–
103
building, 91–95
Freeform Miller Solar Engine, 95–97
history of, 83
materials, 85–88
mechanics of, 84
motors for, 100–103
solar panels, 98–99
solar panels, 98–99
Solar Wobblebot project, 84
Solarbotics, 103
Solarbotics Circuit Board/Solar
Panel, 92
Solarbotics.com, 85, 92
solder, 88
soldering, 88–90
links, 91
magic smoke, 91
soldering iron, 88
SparkFun website, 21, 154
Sphero Robotic Ball, 33
sprites, 112
Stage (Scratch), 114
Stan Winston Studio, 105
Star Wars, 105
Step by Step Chatbot project,
107–123
building, 112–122
history of, 107
links for, 110, 123
materials, 112
mechanics of, 108
Scratch and, 110–111
when two chatboxes meet,
109–110
Step by Step Chatbot project
page, 113
Strandbeests, 74
subroutine, 118
SunSpiral, Vytas, 37
Super Ball Bot lander, 37
Suzuki, Yuri, 135
swarming robots, 76
Sylvias Super-Awesome Maker
Show, 137
T
Tech Valley Center of Gravity,
ix
Teng, Frank, 93
Index 199tensegrity robot project, 36–
48
building, 41–48
history of, 36
links for, 48
materials, 40
mechanics of, 38
TERMES robots, 76
TetraSpine robot, 37, 39
The Makerspace Workbench
(Kemp), 91
thermoplastic filament, 51
Thingiverse, 51, 55
Think M-Blocks, 75
Throwies, 21, 21
Tilden, Mark W., 83, 92, 103
Tinkercad, 54, 56
TinyDuino, 154
Todd, Sylvia, 137
tools for soldering, 88
traces, 11
transformable robots, 4
Traveling Salesman Problem,
140
Tresset, Patrick, 138
Trinket microcontroler, 155
triskelion, 49
Troy, New York, 33
Turing Test, 107
Turing, Alan, 107
Turn Signal Jacket (Buechley),
154
U
UC Berkeley Biomimetic Millisystems Lab, 6
Uncanny Valley project, 124–
133
building, 128–133
history of, 124–126
links for, 133
materials, 128
mechanics of, 126
unevolved robots, 73–103
BEAM robot project, 83–
103
links for, 76, 103
vibrobots, 77
Union College, 37, 39
University College, Ireland, 109
University of Iran, 49
University of Minnesota, 49
University of Texas at Dallas, 2
USBtinyISP, 170
V
valley folds, 17
Van As, Richard, 51
vertical plotter, 138
vibrobot project, 77
building, 79–82
history of, 77
links for, 82
materials, 79
mechanics of, 78
Virginia Tech, 3
voltage, 20
W
wall plotter, 138
Wallace, Richard, 108
Waseda University (Japan), 125
WaterColorBot kit, 137
Weizenbaum, Joseph, 108
Wellesley College, 129
wheel-leg hybrid robot
project, 48–71
3D printers and, 50–53
building, 54–71
history of, 48
links for, 50
materials, 54
mechanics of, 49
Wheg, 49
White House Science Fair, 137
Whitesides Group, 25
Wilcher, Don, 155
wire, solid vs. stranded, 158
Wired.com, vii
wires, 158
Wood, Robert, 5
World Maker Faire New York,
51
Worswick, Steve, 108
Wowwee Robosapien toys, 83
X
Xbox Kinect, 111
XinCheJian makerspace
(Shanghai), 111
Y
Yale University, 105
Yoshida Dental Manufacturing,
125
YouTube, x
Tinkercad channel, 56
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