Make: Bluetooth – Bluetooth LE Projects for Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and Smartphones

Make: Bluetooth – Bluetooth LE Projects for Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and Smartphones
Alasdair Allan, Don Coleman, Sandeep Mistry
Table of Contents
Preface ix

1. Introduction . 1
   Talking About Bluetooth LE . 1
   Protocols and Profiles . 3
   The GAP . 3
   The GATT 3
   Services and Characteristics 3
   UUIDs 4
   An Example Service 5
   Making Sure Your Machine Has Bluetooth LE 6
   OS X . 6
   Apple iOS 7
   Linux 7
   Android 7
   Microsoft Windows 7
   What Haven’t We Told You About Bluetooth LE? . 7
2. Getting Started . 9
   The Arduino 9
   The Board 9
   Powering the Board . 11
   Input and Output . 11
   Communicating with the Board . 11
   Installing the Arduino IDE . 11
   Installing on OS X . 12
   Installing on Linux 13
   iiiInstalling on MS Windows . 13
   Connecting to the Board 13
   Installing the BLE Peripheral Library 15
   Setting Up Raspberry Pi . 16
   Installing BlueZ . 17
   Verifying the Bluetooth LE . 17
   Node.js . 17
   Installing Node.js 18
   On Linux and Raspberry Pi 18
   Installing Libraries with npm . 18
   Setting Up Dependencies for noble and bleno . 18
   OS X 18
   Raspberry Pi and Linux 18
   Installing PhoneGap . 19
   PhoneGap Developer App 19
   Bluetooth Low Energy Plugin 19
   PhoneGap Versus Cordova 20
   Platform Tools 20
   Android 20
3. Smart Light Switch 23
   What Is a Smart Switch? . 23
   Hardware . 23
   The Breadboard . 24
   Getting Started . 25
   Resistor Color-Coding . 25
   Blinking an LED . 26
   Adding a Switch 31
   Software Debouncing . 35
   Making a Real Light Switch 36
   By Changing the Hardware 36
   Changing the Software . 37
   Adding Bluetooth . 39
   Wiring Up the Adafruit Bluefruit LE Module 39
   Modifying Our Sketch . 41
   Testing the Service 46
   Using Real Lightbulbs . 47
   Conclusion 51
4. BLE Lock . 53
   Lock Service 53
   Hardware . 54
   Lock Software . 56
   iv Make: BluetoothProgramming . 56
   Setup . 57
   Loop . 58
   Unlock Characteristic Written . 59
   Open Lock 59
   Reset Lock 60
   Testing the Lock . 62
   iOS . 62
   Android 64
   Mobile Application 65
   Callbacks . 66
   BLE Lock App . 66
   CSS . 67
   HTML . 67
   JavaScript 69
   Run the App 78
   Improving the Lock . 79
5. Bleno Lock . 81
   Hardware . 81
   Lock Software . 86
   Libraries 86
   Programming . 86
   Conclusion 92
6. Weather Station . 93
   Hardware . 94
   Libraries 96
   Programming . 96
   Compile and Upload . 101
   Serial Monitor 101
   Using the Service 101
   Using LightBlue on iOS 102
   Using nRF Master Control Panel on Android 102
   PhoneGap . 104
   Create the Project . 104
   HTML . 105
   JavaScript . 107
   Run the App . 115
   What’s Next? . 116
7. NeoPixel Lamp 117
   Hardware 117
   Table of Contents vNeoPixels 117
   Building the Hardware . 117
   Software . 120
   LED Service 120
   Programming the Arduino . 121
   Generic Bluetooth Client . 128
   Building a Phone App 129
   Create the Project . 129
   HTML . 129
   CSS . 131
   JavaScript . 131
   Run the App . 137
   Enhancements . 138
   Physical Switch and Dimmer . 138
   Lamp 148
8. SensorTag Remote . 153
   Hardware 153
   Create the Project 155
   SensorTag and Noble 155
   SensorTag Remote . 161
   A Simpler Version 163
   Next Steps . 164
   Arduino Simple Key Service 165
9. HID over GATT 169
   HOGP and BLEPeripheral . 169
   Volume Knob 170
   Hardware . 171
   Arduino Library Setup . 173
   Testing the Rotary Encoder 173
   Implementing the Volume Knob . 174
   Conclusion 180
10. Beacons 181
    What You’ll Need . 181
    iBeacon 182
    What Data Does an iBeacon Advertise? . 182
    Building and Detecting a Beacon . 183
    Creating a Mobile App that Uses iBeacons 189
    Eddystone Beacons and the Physical Web . 197
    What Data Does an Eddystone Beacon Advertise? 198
    Building and Detecting Your Own Beacon 200
    vi Make: BluetoothConclusion 203
11. Drones 205
    What You’ll Need . 206
    Testing Out the Drone 207
    Controlling the Rolling Spider with Node.js . 207
    Setting Up the Project . 207
    Discovering the Drone . 207
    Getting Started: Basic Takeoff and Landing . 208
    Keyboard Control 210
    Conclusion 217
12. Going Further . 219
    The Arduino . 219
    Hardware Suggestions . 219
    Further Reading 222
    Appendix A. HID Over GATT Pairing 223
    Index 233
    Index
    A
    Adafruit Bluefruit LE module, 39-41, 94, 219
    advertisement data, 3, 198-200
    Android
    BLE support, 7
    nRF Master Control Panel app (see nRF Master
    Control Panel android app)
    pairing HID over Gatt with, 227-228
    PhoneGap for, 20-21
    anode, 27
    Apache Cordova (see Cordova)
    app.initialize function, 74
    app.onConnect function, 108
    app.onData function, 72
    app.peripheral function, 108
    app.showDetailPage function, 108
    Apple iOS BLE support, 7
    AR.Drone 2.0, 205
    Arduino boards, 9-15, 219
    Arduino IDE, 11-13, 56, 101, 165
    Arduino Library Manager, 96
    Arduino Uno, 9-11, 94
    connecting to, 13-15
    Simple Key Service, 165
    sketch modifying, 41-45
    sketch uploading, 28-30
    Arduino libraries
    Adafruit BME280, 96
    Adafruit NeoPixel, 121
    Adafruit Universal Sensor, 96
    Bean library, 221
    BLEPeripheral, 39, 121, 173
    Bluetooth, 96
    Encoder, 140
    noble, 155
    node-sensortag, 164
    PJRC.com Teensy Encoder, 173
    robotjs, 161
    Arduino-based volume knob (see volume knob)
    ArrayBuffers, 69, 73, 109, 132-132
    B
    beacons, 181-203
    Eddystone beacons, 197-202
    hardware needed, 181
    iBeacons, 182-197
    Bean+ board, 221
    Bean.sleep function, 222
    begin function, 97
    bindEvents function, 70, 107
    BLE lock, 53-79
    hardware and wiring, 54-56
    improvement options, 79
    lock service, 53
    mobile app for, 65-79
    basic process, 66
    233callbacks, 66
    CSS files, 67
    HTML in, 67-69
    JavaScript in, 69-74
    and PhoneGap, 65
    running the app, 78
    software for, 56-62
    loop function, 58
    open lock function, 59
    programming, 56-57
    resetLock function, 60-62
    setup, 57-58
    unlock characteristic written, 59
    testing
    android, 64-64
    iOS, 62-62
    BLE pairing, 170
    BLE volume knob (see volume knob)
    ble.read function, 108-109
    ble.startNotification function, 72, 108-109
    ble.write function, 73, 132
    bleacon, 183
    BLEDescriptors, 122
    bleno, 18
    bleno lock, 81-92
    hardware and wiring, 81-85
    software for
    libraries, 86
    programming, 86-92
    BLEPeripheral, 122, 169-170
    blinking an LED, 26-30
    Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
    advertising packets, 2
    building custom services for, x
    compared to traditional Bluetooth, ix
    further reading on, 222
    GAP, 3
    GATT, 3
    Peripheral Library, 15, 44, 56
    peripheral versus central devices, 1-2
    platforms, 3-7
    profiles, 3-7
    serial over, x
    services and characteristics, 3-5
    support, by device, 6
    UUIDs, 4-5
    BlueZ, 17
    BME280 sensor, 93, 97
    breadboards, 24-25
    brightnessCharacteristicWritten function, 124,
    142
    broadcast mechanism, 1
    C
    callbacks, 66
    cathode, 27
    central devices, ix, 1
    characteristics, 3-4
    color-coding resistors, 25
    colorCharacteristic function, 123
    computer keyboard remote (see SensorTag
    remote)
    connect function, 71, 108
    connectAndSetUpSensorTag function, 156
    connectCallback function, 209
    Cordova iBeacon plugin, 20
    Cordove iBeacon plugin, 190
    CSS files, 67, 131
    D
    debouncing, 35-35, 178
    Device Name, versus Local Name, 45
    device-specific library, 164
    deviceready event, 70
    digitalRead function, 177
    disconnect function, 72
    discoverSomeServicesAndCharacteristics
    function, 156
    drones (see Rolling Spider drone controller)
    E
    Eddystone beacons, 197-202
    building and detecting, 200-202
    Eddystone UID, 198
    Eddystone URL, 199-202
    message types, 197
    Physical Web and, 201-202
    234 Indexexit function, 89
    F
    flatTrim command, 209
    Float Converter, 103
    G
    Generic Access Profile (GAP), 3, 45, 181
    Generic Attribute Profile (GATT), 3, 169
    (see also HID over GATT)
    H
    HID over GATT, 169-180, 223
    Android pairing/unpairing, 227-228
    iOS pairing/unpairing, 223-226
    OS X pairing/unpairing, 230-232
    HID over GATT Profile (HOGP), 169
    hideProgressIndicator function, 74
    HTML
    in BLE lock mobile app, 67-69
    in NeoPixel light mobile app, 129-129
    in PhoneGap app for weather station,
    105-106
    Human Interface Device (HID), 169
    (see also HID over GATT)
    I
    iBeacons, 182-197
    building and detecting a beacon, 183-188
    creating a mobile app that uses, 189
    data advertised, 182-183
    detecting, 189
    identity components, 182
    ranging, 189
    region monitoring, 189
    region timer app, 190
    indicate property, 4
    initialize function, 107
    iOS
    BLE support, 7
    LightBlue for (see LightBlue iOS app)
    pairing HID over Gatt with, 223-226
    PhoneGap for, 20
    J
    JavaScript
    in BLE lock mobile app, 69-74
    in NeoPixel light mobile app, 131-133
    in PhoneGap app for weather station,
    107-112
    K
    keyboard remote control (see SensorTag remote)
    L
    land function, 210
    landCallback function, 210
    LED light app (see NeoPixel light)
    LEDs
    blinking, 26-30
    mobile app for NeoPixel light, 120
    ledState variable, 38
    LightBlue Bean board, 221
    LightBlue iOS app
    for BLE lock, 62-62
    for bleno lock, 90
    for NeoPixel light, 122, 128
    for smart light switch, 45-47
    for weather station, 102
    Linux
    Arduino IDE installation, 13
    BLE support, 7
    Node.js on, 18
    Local Name, versus Device Name, 45
    Locate Beacon app, 184-188
    location data (see beacons)
    locks (see BLE lock; bleno lock)
    loop function, 58, 123, 141, 176
    loop method, 98
    Index 235M
    Microsoft Windows BLE support, 7
    millis function, 97, 141, 179
    momentary contact switch, 31-35
    N
    NeoPixel light, 117-151
    about NeoPixels, 117
    Arduino programming, 121-125
    configuring NeoPixels, 122
    hardware and wiring, 117-118
    improvement options, 138-148
    lamp, 148-151
    physical switch and dimmer, 138-148
    LED service, 120
    mobile app for, 129-137
    create the project, 129
    CSS files, 131
    HTML in, 129-129
    JavaScript in, 131-133
    running, 137
    setup function, 122-123
    software for, 120-129
    Nitobi, 20
    noble, 18, 155-161
    Node.js, 155
    for drone control, 207-217
    (see also Rolling Spider drone controller)
    installing, 17
    node-bleacon, 183
    node-eddystone-beacon, 200
    node-rolling-spider module, 205
    notify property, 4
    nRF Master Control Panel Android app
    for BLE lock, 64-64
    for bleno lock, 90
    for NeoPixel light, 128
    for smart light switch, 45-47
    for weather station, 102-104
    O
    onBrightnessChange function, 133
    onCharacteristicData function, 157
    onColorChange function, 132
    onConnect function, 72, 132
    onData function, 73
    onDevice Discovered function, 71
    onDeviceReady function, 196
    onDisconnect function, 72, 156
    onResetClick function, 196
    onScanComplete function, 71
    onServicesAndCharacteristicsDiscovered
    function, 157
    onSwitchChange function, 133
    onUnlockStatusChange function, 88
    onWriteRequest function, 87
    open lock function, 59
    OS X
    Arduino IDE installation, 12
    pairing HID over Gatt with, 230-232
    support, 6
    P
    pairing/bonding, 170
    Parrot Rolling Spider (see Rolling Spider drone
    controller)
    peripheral devices, ix, 1
    Peripheral Library, 15
    PhoneGap, 19
    BLE plugin, 19
    callbacks, 66
    in BLE lock mobile app, 69
    in bleno lock, 90
    in NeoPixel light app, 129
    platform tools, 20-21
    versus Cordova, 20
    for weather station, 104-112
    PhoneGap Developer App, 19, 65
    Physical Web app, 201-202
    pollButton function, 177
    pollEncoder function, 178
    pollInputs function, 177, 179
    pollsensors method, 98
    236 Indexpotentiometer, 138
    PowerSwitch Tail, 47-51
    processSwitchChange function, 124, 142, 143
    profiles, 3-4
    protocols, 3
    Punch Through Design boards, 221
    R
    ranging, 189
    Raspberry Pi, 81
    adding Bluetooth, 85
    Node.js on, 18
    setting up, 16
    readEncoder function, 142
    RedBearLab BLE boards, 54-56, 219-219
    region monitoring, 189, 192-197
    remote control for presentations (see SensorTag
    remote)
    reset function, 87
    reset lock function, 60-62
    resistor color-coding, 25
    RFduino board, 220
    robotjs library, 161
    Rolling Spider drone controller, 205-217
    basic takeoff and landing, 208-210
    drone discovery, 207-208
    hardware needed, 206
    key mappings, 217
    keyboard control, 210-217
    project setup, 207
    testing drone, 207
    rotary encoder, 138-143, 170-178
    S
    scan filtering, 137
    scrim, 67-68, 74
    sendColorToArduino function, 132
    SensorTag remote, 153-167
    connecting, 154-155
    create the project, 155
    hardware, 153
    modifications, 164
    noble and, 155-161
    remote control creation, 161-162
    Simple Key Service, 165-167
    Serial, 97
    Serial Monitor, 101, 122
    serial over Bluetooth LE, x
    services, 3
    setStatus function, 74
    setup function, 97, 122-123, 141, 175-176
    setupCallback function, 209
    showDeviceListScreen, 74
    showProgressIndicator function, 73
    showUnlockScreen function, 74
    Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) switch, 36-37
    smart light switch, 23-51
    adding Bluetooth, 39-47
    Adafruit Bluefruit LE module, 39-41
    modifying sketch, 41-45
    testing, 46-47
    blinking LED, 26-30
    breadboard for, 24-25
    hardware and wiring, 23-24
    momentary contact switch, 31-35
    PowerSwitch Tail, 47-51
    resistor color-coding, 25
    Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) switch,
    36-37
    software changes, 37-38
    software debouncing, 35-35
    startPing command, 209
    station pressure, 110
    Strings, 69, 73
    stringToArrayBuffer function, 69, 73
    switchCharacteristic function, 143
    switchCharacteristicWritten function, 124
    switchState variable, 38
    syncUI function, 132
    T
    takeOff function, 209
    takeOffCallback function, 209
    toFixed function, 109
    Index 237U
    Uint8Array, 132
    Universally Unique Identifiers (UUIDs), 4-5
    unlock function, 73
    UnlockCharacteristic function, 86, 88
    unlockCharacteristicWritten function, 59
    updateLights function, 124, 142
    V
    volume knob, 170-180
    Arduino library setup, 173
    hardware and wiring, 171-171
    testing rotary encoder, 173-174
    W
    weather station, 93-116
    connecting with iOS, 101
    hardware and wiring, 94-95
    libraries, 96
    PhoneGap app for, 104-112
    create the project, 104
    HTML in, 105-106
    JavaScript in, 107-112
    running, 115
    programming, 96-99
    Serial Monitor, 101
    Windows
    Arduino IDE installation, 13
    BLE support, 7
    write command property, 4
    write request property, 4

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