Introduction to Health and Safety at Work – Sixth Edition

Introduction to Health and Safety at Work – Sixth Edition
For the NEBOSH National General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety
Phil Hughes MBE, MSc, CFIOSH
Chairman NEBOSH 1995–2001. President of IOSH 1990–1991
Ed Ferrett PhD, BSc (Hons Eng), CEng, MIMechE,
MIET, CMIOSH
Vice Chairman NEBOSH 1999–2008
Contents

3. Health and safety management systems –
   Organising – DO 1 61
   3.1 Organisational health and safety roles and
   responsibilities of employers, directors,
   managers and supervisors .62
   3.2 Concept of health and safety culture and its
   significance in the management of health and
   safety in an organisation 67
   3.3 Human factors which influence behaviour
   at work .69
   3.4 How health and safety behaviour at work can
   be improved .76
   3.5 Further information 88
   3.6 Practice revision questions 88
   Appendix 3.1 Leadership actions for directors and
   board members 90
   Appendix 3.2 Detailed health and safety
   responsibilities .92
   Appendix 3.3 Safety culture questionnaire 94
   Appendix 3.4 List of typical legislation requiring
   health and safety training .95
4. Health and safety management systems –
   Risk assessment and controls – DO 2 97
   4.1 Principles and practice of risk assessment 98
   4.2 General principles of prevention in relation to
   risk reduction measures .113
   4.3 Sources of health and safety information 114
   4.4 Factors that should be considered when
   developing and implementing a safe system
   of work for general work activities .115
   4.5 Role and function of a permit-to-work
   system .119
   4.6 Emergency procedures and arrangements for
   contacting the emergency services .123
   4.7 Requirements for, and effective provision of,
   first-aid in the workplace 125
   4.8 Further information 128
   4.9 Practice revision questions 128
   Appendix 4.1 Hazard checklist .130
   Appendix 4.2 Risk assessment example 1:
   Hairdressing salon 131
   Appendix 4.3 Risk assessment example 2: Office
   cleaning 133
   Appendix 4.4 Asbestos examples of safe systems
   of work .135
   List of illustrations viii
   Preface xvi
   Acknowledgements xviii
   About the authors xix
   How to use this book and what it covers xx
   List of principal abbreviations xxiv
   Safety signs xxvii
5. Foundations in health and safety .1
   1.1 The scope and nature of occupational health
   and safety 2
   1.2 Moral, legal and financial reasons for
   promoting good standards of health and safety 4
   1.3 The legal framework for the regulation of health
   and safety including sources and types of law 7
   1.4 The scope, duties and offences of employers,
   managers, employees and others under the
   Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 15
   1.5 The scope, duties and offences of
   employers, managers, employees and others
   under the Management of Health and Safety
   at Work Regulations .28
   1.6 The legal and organisational health and safety
   roles and responsibilities of clients and their
   contractors .29
   1.7 The principles of assessing and managing
   contractors .33
   1.8 Further information 36
   1.9 Practice revision questions 37
   Appendix 1.1 Checklist for supply chain health and
   safety management .39
   Appendix 1.2 Pre-construction information .40
   Appendix 1.3 Construction phase plan 41
   Appendix 1.4 The health and safety file .42
6. Health and safety management systems –
   PLAN .43
   2.1 Key elements of a health and safety
   management system .44
   2.2 Purpose and importance of setting a policy
   for health and safety 51
   2.3 Key features and appropriate content of an
   effective health and safety policy 51
   2.4 Further information 57
   2.5 Practice revision questions 58
   Appendix 2.1 Health and Safety Policy checklist .59Contents
   vi
   10.2 Hazards and controls for hand-held tools .269
   10.3 Mechanical and non-mechanical hazards of
   machinery 274
   10.4 Control measures for reducing risks from
   machinery hazards .279
   10.5 Further information 291
   10.6 Practice revision questions 292
7. Electrical safety 295
   11.1 Principles, hazards and risks associated
   with the use of electricity at work .296
   11.2 Control measures when working with
   electrical systems or using electrical
   equipment in all workplace conditions .304
   11.3 Further information 314
   11.4 Practice revision questions 314
8. Fire safety .317
   12.1 Fire initiation, classification, spread and
   legal requirements .318
   12.2 Fire risk assessment 327
   12.3 Fire prevention and prevention of fire
   spread 331
   12.4 Fire alarm system and fire-fighting
   arrangements .340
   12.5 Evacuation of a workplace .347
   12.6 Further information 353
   12.7 Practice revision questions 353
   Appendix 12.1 Fire risk assessment checklist .355
   Appendix 12.2 Typical fire notice .356
9. Chemical and biological health hazards and
   risk control 357
   13.1 Forms of, classification of, and health risks
   from hazardous substances .358
   13.2 Assessment of health risks 362
   13.3 Occupational exposure limits .371
   13.4 Control measures .373
   13.5 Specific agents .382
   13.6 Safe handling and storage of waste .392
   13.7 Further information 395
   13.8 Practice revision questions 396
   Appendix 13.1 GHS Hazard (H) Statements
   (Health only) .398
   Appendix 13.2 Hazardous properties of waste 399
   Appendix 13.3 Different types of protective gloves . 400
10. Physical and psychological health hazards
    and risk control 401
    14.1 Noise 402
    14.2 Vibration .408
    14.3 Radiation 413
    14.4 Stress .419
    14.5 Further information 421
    14.6 Practice revision questions 422
11. Summary of the main legal requirements 425
    15.1 Introduction 426
12. Health and safety management systems –
    Monitoring, investigation and
    recording – CHECK .139
    5.1 Active and reactive monitoring 140
    5.2 Investigating incidents .149
    5.3 Recording and reporting incidents .157
    5.4 Further information 163
    5.5 Practice revision questions 163
    Appendix 5.1 Workplace inspection exercises 165
    Appendix 5.2 Information for insurance/
    compensation claims .167
13. Health and safety management systems –
    Audit and review – ACT .169
    6.1 Health and safety auditing .170
    6.2 Review of health and safety performance .173
    6.3 Further information 176
    6.4 Practice revision questions 176
14. Workplace hazards and risk control 177
    7.1 Health, welfare and work environment
    requirements 178
    7.2 Violence at work 181
    7.3 Substance misuse at work .185
    7.4 Safe movement of people in the workplace 186
    7.5 Working at height .192
    7.6 Hazards and control measures for works of
    a temporary nature .205
    7.7 Construction activities 207
    7.8 Further information 215
    7.9 Practice revision questions 216
    Appendix 7.1 Checklist of typical scaffolding faults . 218
    Appendix 7.2 Inspection recording form with
    timing and frequency chart 219
15. Transport hazards and risk control 221
    8.1 Safe movement of vehicles in the workplace 222
    8.2 Driving at work .227
    8.3 Further information 231
    8.4 Practice revision questions 231
16. Musculoskeletal hazards and risk control .233
    9.1 Work-related upper limb disorders .234
    9.2 Manual handling hazards, risks and control
    measures .238
    9.3 Manually operated load handling equipment .243
    9.4 Powered load handling equipment 245
    9.5 Further information 254
    9.6 Practice revision questions 254
    Appendix 9.1 A typical risk assessment for
    the use of lifting equipment .256
    Appendix 9.2 Examples of manually operated load
    handling equipment .257
    Appendix 9.3 Safe use of fork-lift trucks (based on
    an HSE document) .258
17. Work equipment hazards and risk control 259
    10.1 General requirements for work equipment 260Contents
    vii
    15.30 The Supply of Machinery (Safety)
    Regulations 2008 as amended .515
    15.31 Control of Vibration at Work Regulations
    2005 516
    15.32 Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare)
    Regulations 1992 as amended in 2002 and
    2013 .518
    15.33 Work at Height Regulations 2005 as
    amended in 2007 .520
    15.34 The Waste (England and Wales) Regulations
    2011 .524
    15.35 Other relevant legislation in brief .525
18. Environmental, international and other
    aspects of health and safety .537
    16.1 Introduction 538
    16.2 Environmental considerations 538
    16.3 International issues 544
    16.4 Health and safety in the home .551
    16.5 Safe cycling 553
    16.6 Further information 554
    Appendix 16.1 Scaffolds and ladders .555
    Appendix 16.2 International travel tips 555
19. Study skills .557
    17.1 Introduction 558
    17.2 Find a place to study 558
    17.3 Make a study plan 558
    17.4 Time management .558
    17.5 Blocked thinking .559
    17.6 Taking notes .559
    17.7 Reading for study .559
    17.8 Free learning resources from the Open
    University .559
    17.9 Organising for revision .560
    17.10 Organising information .560
    17.11 Being aware of your learning style .562
    17.12 How does memory work? .562
    17.13 How to deal with exams 563
    17.14 The examiners’ reports 564
    17.15 Conclusion .565
    17.16 Further information 565
20. Specimen answers to practice questions .567
    18.1 Introduction 568
    18.2 The written examinations 568
    18.3 GC3 – the practical application .573
    Appendix 18.1 Practical application report .577
    Appendix 18.2 Practical application observation
    sheets 581
21. International sources of information and
    guidance .587
    19.1 Introduction 588
    19.2 How to search the internet effectively 588
    19.3 Some useful websites .590
    19.4 Health and safety forms .592
    INDEX 629
    15.2 The legal framework 427
    15.3 List of Acts, orders and regulations
    summarised .430
    15.4 HSW Act 1974 as amended in 2015 432
    15.5 Environmental Protection Act 1990 .436
    15.6 Control of Artificial Optical Radiation at
    Work Regulations 2010 446
    15.7 Classification, Labelling and Packaging
    of Substances and Mixtures Regulation
    (European) adopting into EU UN Globally
    Harmonised System of Classification and
    Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) .447
    15.8 Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 .451
    15.9 Construction (Design and Management)
    (CDM) Regulations 2015 452
    15.10 Health and Safety (Consultation with
    Employees) Regulations 1996 .462
    15.11 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
    Regulations (COSHH) 2002 and 2004
    Amendment .463
    15.12 Dangerous Substances and Explosive
    Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR) 2002 467
    15.13 Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment)
    Regulations 1992 as amended in 2002 .470
    15.14 Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 .473
    15.15 Employers’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance)
    Act 1969 and Regulations 1998 amended in
    2002, 2004 and 2008 .474
    15.16 Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 .475
    15.17 Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations
    1981 as amended 484
    15.18 Health and Safety (Information for
    Employees) Regulations 1989 .485
    15.19 Hazardous Waste (England and Wales)
    Regulations 2005 .485
    15.20 Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 487
    15.21 Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment
    Regulations (LOLER) 1998 as amended in
    2002 .488
    15.22 Management of Health and Safety at Work
    Regulations 1999 as amended in 2003 and
    2006 .491
    15.23 Manual Handling Operations Regulations
    (MHO) 1992 as amended in 2002 494
    15.24 Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 .497
    15.25 Personal Protective Equipment at Work
    Regulations 1992 as amended in 2002 and
    2013 500
    15.26 Provision and Use of Work Equipment
    Regulations 1998 (except Part IV) as
    amended in 2002 and 2013 .502
    15.27 The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and
    Dangerous Occurrences Regulations
    2013 .506
    15.28 Safety Representatives and Safety
    Committees Regulations 1977 511
    15.29 Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals)
    Regulations 1996 .512viii
    List of illustrations
    Figures
    1.1 People at work (© Beci Phipps) 3
    1.2 Insured and uninsured costs
    (© Beci Phipps) .6
    1.3 The court system in England and
    Wales for health and safety showing
    the principal courts
    (© Beci Phipps) .9
    1.4 Sub-divisions and sources of law
    (© Beci Phipps) .12
    1.5 Diagrammatic view of ‘reasonably
    practicable’ (© Beci Phipps) 14
    1.6 HSW Act .16
    1.7 Employees at work (© Alexander Raths
    Shutterstock) 18
    1.8 The inspector inspects (© Lisa F. Young
    Shutterstock) 19
    1.9 NEBOSH is in control here (former
    premises) (© NEBOSH) 24
    1.10 Typical supply chain (© Beci Phipps) 25
    1.11 Inadequate chair – it should have five feet
    and an adjustable backrest – take care
    when buying second-hand 26
    1.12 Diagram showing the main external
    agencies that impact on the workplace 27
    1.13 Good standards prevent harm and save
    money (© Beci Phipps) .28
    1.14 Domestic client: CDM applies but not
    notifiable because a short duration project
    (© Phil Hughes) .33
    1.15 Large-scale contract: CDM applies and it is
    notifiable (© Phil Hughes) .33
    1.16 Contractors at work using a lorry-mounted
    loading grab (© Phil Hughes) 34
    2.1 The Plan, Do, Check, Act management
    cycle (© Beci Phipps) 45
    2.2 PLAN part of the cycle involves Policy and
    Planning (© Beci Phipps) 47
    2.3 Well-presented policy documents
    (© Beci Phipps) .51
    2.4 (a) Part of a policy commitment
    (© Beci Phipps) .52
    2.4 (b) Responsibilities (© Beci Phipps) 52
    2.5 SMART performance standards or
    objectives (© Beci Phipps) 53
    2.6 Working with employees and
    providing information is a good policy
    (© Beci Phipps) .56
    2.7 Providing guidance and training is essential
    (© Beci Phipps) .56
    2.8 The policy might be good but is it put
    into practice – unsafe use of a ladder
    (© mikeledray / Shutterstock.com) .57
    2.9 Emergency procedures
    (© Henry Ho Shutterstock) .60
    2.10 Reach truck in warehouse
    (© Corepics VOF Shutterstock) 60
    3.1 DO part of the management cycle involves
    Risk Profiling (Chapter 4), Organising and
    Implementing plans (© Beci Phipps) 62
    3.2 Everyone from senior management down
    has health and safety responsibilities
    (© Beci Phipps) .63
    3.3 Safety practitioner at the front line
    (© ndoeljindoel Shutterstock) .66
    3.4 Safety investment .67
    3.5 Heinrich’s accidents/incidents ratios
    (© Beci Phipps) .69
    3.6 Well-designed workstation for sitting or
    standing 71
    3.7 Poor working conditions .72
    3.8 Motivation and activity 73
    3.9 Visual perception: (a) Are the lines of the
    same length? (b) Faces or vase? (c) Face or
    saxophone player? 73
    3.10 Types of human failure (© Beci Phipps) .74
    3.11 Health and Safety Law poster – must be
    displayed or brochure given to employees 79
    3.12 The law on consulting employees about
    health and safety in your workplace.
    References to the Regulations are colourcoded to help find the parts that are
    most relevant to a particular organisation:
    for workplaces where the Safety
    Representatives and Safety Committees
    Regulations 1977 apply; for workplaces
    where the Health and Safety (Consultation
    with Employees) Regulations 1996 apply
    (Source: HSE INDG232(rev1)) .80List of illustrations
    ix
    3.13 Health and safety training needs and
    opportunities (© Beci Phipps) .83
    3.14 Internal influences on safety culture
    (© Beci Phipps) .85
    3.15 External influences on safety culture
    (© Beci Phipps) .87
    4.1 Risk assessment or profiling is covered
    by the DO part of the management cycle
    (© Beci Phipps) .98
    4.2 Reducing the risk – finding an alternative
    safer method when fitting a wall-mounted
    boiler .99
    4.3 Accident at work .100
    4.4 Bird’s well-known accident triangle
    (© Beci Phipps) .100
    4.5 Five steps to risk assessment
    (© Beci Phipps) .102
    4.6 Proper control of gases and vapours in
    a laboratory (© emin kuliyev Shutterstock) .105
    4.7 Colour categories and shapes of signs .105
    4.8 Examples of warning, mandatory and
    prohibition signs 105
    4.9 Falling object and construction site
    entrance signs 106
    4.10 Wet floor signs .106
    4.11 Examples of chemical warning signs 106
    4.12 Examples of fire safety signs 106
    4.13 Examples of fire action signs 106
    4.14 Examples of first-aid signs 106
    4.15 LPG sign .107
    4.16 Smoke-free – no smoking sign .107
    4.17 Fragile roof signs 107
    4.18 Emergency shower and eye wash station
    where there is a serious risk of chemical
    contamination (© Shutterstock) 109
    4.19 Good dust control for a chasing operation.
    A dust mask is still required for complete
    protection 110
    4.20 Respiratory protection and disposable
    overalls are needed when working in high
    levels of asbestos dust .110
    4.21 A lone worker – special arrangements
    required (© istockphoto) .112
    4.22 When controls break down (© Pictureguy
    Shutterstock) 113
    4.23 Checking the label for health risks 114
    4.24 Multipadlocked hasp for locking off an
    isolation valve – each worker puts on their
    own padlock 115
    4.25 A hot work permit is usually essential for
    welding, cutting and burning except in
    designated areas like a welding shop .121
    4.26 Entering a confined space with breathing
    apparatus, rescue tripod and rescue
    watcher .122
    4.27 Emergency services at work 123
    4.28 (left) First-aid and stretcher sign (right)
    First-aid sign 126
    4.29 Flow chart showing courses to be
    completed over a 3-year certification
    period for EFAW and FAW. The dotted
    line indicates the route to be taken in
    subsequent years after completion of the
    relevant course at year 3 127
    5.1 CHECK involves measuring performance
    and investigating incidents (© Beci Phipps) 141
    5.2 Effective Risk control (Source: HSE)
    (© Beci Phipps) .142
    5.3 Poor conditions: (a) inspection needed;
    (b) inspection in progress (c) Poor
    conditions in offices can cause accidents
    (© trek and shoot shutterstock) 144
    5.4 A dangerous occurrence – fire (Source:
    Alamy) (© Jason Salmon Shutterstock) 149
    5.5 Accident at work – reconstruction of
    a ladder accident showing where the
    deceased person was found under the
    ladder which had toppled over while he
    was attempting to adjust the height of the
    extending ladder (© Phil Hughes) .150
    5.6 (a) Accident; (b) near miss (includes
    dangerous occurrence) damage only;
    (c) undesired circumstances (© HSE) .151
    5.7 F. E. Bird’s well-known accident triangle
    (© Beci Phipps) .152
    5.8 Appropriate levels of investigation (Source:
    © HSE) 153
    5.9 Questions to be asked in an investigation
    (© Beci Phipps) .154
    5.10 (a) The Accident Book BI 510 (Second
    Edition) ISBN 97807176640580 HSE;
    (b) Record form from BI 510 HSE .157–8
    5.11 Office 165
    5.12 Road repair 165
    5.13 Workshop .166
    5.14 Roof repair/unloading 166
    6.1 ACT part of the health and safety
    management system (© Beci Phipps) 170
    6.2 The Audit Process (© Beci Phipps) .171
    6.3 Using the audit questions for interviews
    and collecting information (© Beci Phipps) .172
    6.4 The audit report should be reviewed by
    senior managers with an action plan and
    follow-up (© Beci Phipps) .173
    6.5 Review of performance (© Beci Phipps) 174
    6.6 Continual improvement part of the health
    and safety management process
    (© Beci Phipps) .175
    7.1 Welfare washing facilities: Washbasin large
    enough for people to wash their forearms
    (© bikeriderlondon Shutterstock) 178
    7.2 Natural ventilation in a building
    (Source: © HSE) 179
    7.3 A well-lit workplace (© HSE) .180
    7.4 The heat equation (© Occupational Safety
    and Health Administration, USA) 181List of illustrations
    x
    8.5 Vehicle recovery driver – professional driver
    at work (© RH Kerham) 228
    8.6 Road accidents are a significant risk when
    driving for work. Poor weather conditions
    increase the risks (© Phil Hughes) 228
    8.7 Must have a valid licence to drive each
    type of vehicle used 229
    9.1 Handling roofing slates onto a roof using a
    teleporter lift truck (© Alamy) .234
    9.2 A tilted worktable. The distance between
    the operator and the work can be reduced
    by putting the table at a more vertical
    angle. The table is adjustable in height and
    angle to suit the particular job (Source:
    © HSE) 235
    9.3 Pump juice from a bulk container to a
    dispenser to save awkward handling 236
    9.4 Workstation design .237
    9.5 Manual handling: there are many potential
    hazards 239
    9.6 Main injury sites caused by manual
    handling accidents 239
    9.7 HSE guidance for manual lifting –
    recommended weights (Source: © HSE) .240
    9.8 The main elements of a good lifting
    technique 243
    9.9 A pallet truck (Source: © HSE) 244
    9.10 Mechanical aids to lift patients in hospital
    (© HSE) .244
    9.11 Conveyor systems: (a) roller conveyor
    (these may have powered and free running
    rollers); (b) an overhead conveyor moving
    wheels. Other designs of overhead
    conveyor are useful for transferring
    components and garments between
    workstations, in, for example, manufacture
    of machines or clothing; (c) a slat conveyor
    in use in a food factory (© HSE) .247
    9.12 A brick elevator (Source: © HSE) 248
    9.13 Reach truck, designed so that the load
    retracts within the wheel base to save
    space (© Shuttlestock) .248
    9.14 Manoeuvring a yacht using a large
    overhead travelling gantry and slings in a
    marina (© Phil Hughes) .250
    9.15 Hoist for lifting a car (© Phil Hughes) .252
    9.16 Specially designed safety hooks (Source:
    © HSE) 252
    9.17 Truck-mounted lifting equipment (© Phil
    Hughes) 253
    10.1 (a) CE marking .261
    10.1 (b) Division of responsibility for the safety
    of machinery (© Beci Phipps) .261
    10.2 Typical Certificate of Conformity (© Dewalt) 262
    10.3 Typical bench-mounted abrasive wheel
    (© Draper) .264
    10.4 Typical electrically powered compressor
    with air receiver tank attached (© Draper) 266
    7.5 Security access and surveillance CCTV
    camera 183
    7.6 Alcohol consumption: it takes a healthy
    liver about one hour to break down and
    remove one unit of alcohol (Source: HSE) .186
    7.7 Tripping hazards (Source: © HSE) .187
    7.8 Cleaning must be done carefully to prevent
    slipping 187
    7.9 Falling from a height – tower scaffold has
    inadequate handrails (no centre rail) and
    should never be moved while in use 189
    7.10 Typical pedestrian/vehicle crossing area
    with separation between 191
    7.11 Well laid out and lit steel fabrication
    workshop with marked walkways
    which are kept clear of obstructions
    (© Shutterstock) .191
    7.12 Proper precautions must always be taken
    when working on or near fragile roofs or
    surfaces (HSG33 © HSE) 195
    7.13 Fall arrest harness and device 195
    7.14 Ladder showing correct 1 in 4 angle
    (means of securing omitted for clarity of
    illustration) (© HSE) 198
    7.15 (a) Ladder tied at top style (correct for
    working on, not for access); (b) tying partway down; (c) tying near base; (d) securing
    at base (© HSE) 199
    7.16 Working with stepladders .200
    7.17 (a) Components of a typical independent
    tied scaffold (Redrawn from HSE); (b) Fixed
    scaffold left in place to fit gutters (© HSE) .201
    7.18 Components of a typical pre-fabricated
    tower scaffold with outriggers
    (© www.brattsladders) .202
    7.19 Mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs):
    (a) scissor lift; (b) cherry-picker (© Phil
    Hughes) 203–4
    7.20 Groundwork clearance and foundations
    (© Phil Hughes) .208
    7.21 Secure site access gates (© Phil Hughes) 209
    7.22 Working near or over water – large scaffold
    with protection screens and a small boat
    moored under the bridge in case rescue is
    needed (© Phil Hughes) 210
    7.23 Mobile site toilets and welfare facilities .212
    7.24 Timbered excavation with ladder access
    and supported services (guard removed on
    one side for clarity) (© HSE) .213
    7.25 Barriers around excavation by footpath 214
    8.1 Industrial counterbalanced lift truck 223
    8.2 Telescopic materials handler (© Phil
    Hughes) 223
    8.3 Various construction plant with driver
    protection (© Phil Hughes) .225
    8.4 Operating a piece of mobile work
    equipment, an excavator, to excavate a
    swimming pool (© Phil Hughes) .226List of illustrations
    xi
    10.27 Typical retail compactor (© Packawaste
    Ltd) .289
    10.28 Typical retail checkout conveyor .289
    10.29 (a) Small concrete/cement mixer
    (© Wingate); (b) Diesel concrete mixer with
    hopper .289
    10.30 Typical bench-mounted circular saw .290
    11.1 Beware of electricity – typical sign .296
    11.2 Typical electric shock poster (Courtesy of
    © Stocksigns) .299
    11.3 Keep 18 m clear of high voltage lines .300
    11.4 Over 25% of fires are caused by electrical
    malfunction .300
    11.5 Ten-way surge-protected extension with
    telecoms .301
    11.6 Safe dispensing of flammable liquids
    (© Phil Hughes) .302
    11.7 Portable hand-held electric power tools
    (Courtesy of © Draper) .303
    11.8 (a) Typical 240 volt fuses; (b) typical 240
    volt mini circuit breaker .306
    11.9 A variety of electrical equipment:
    (a) electrical cabinet with multi-hasp
    and lock-off padlocks on the isolator;
    (b) 240 volt socket with RCD devices built
    in (© Phil Hughes); (c) Lockable electrical
    control cabinet 307–8
    11.10 Double insulation symbol 308
    11.11 Multi-plug extension lead and special plugs
    and sockets: (a) reduced voltage normally
    110V; (b) 240 volt lead with cut out (© Phil
    Hughes) 309
    11.12 Precautions for overhead lines: (a) ‘goalpost’
    crossing points beneath lines to avoid
    contact by plant; (b) Diagram showing
    normal dimensions for ‘goalpost’ crossing
    points and barriers (Reproduced from
    HSG185 Health and Safety Excavations) . 309–10
    11.13 Using a cable detector (© Phil Hughes) 311
    11.14 UK standard 3-pin plug wiring .312
    12.1 Fire is still a significant risk in many
    workplaces: (a) massive Deepwater
    Horizon oil platform fire; (b) large retail
    premises destroyed by fire (© Jack Dagley;
    Photography Shutterstock) .318
    12.2 Fire triangle .322
    12.3 (a) Transport flammable solid sign; (b) GHS
    – packaging sign .323
    12.4 (a) Transport flammable liquid sign; (b) GHS
    – packaging sign .323
    12.5 (a) Transport flammable gas sign; (b) GHS –
    packaging sign 323
    12.6 (a) Transport oxidising agent sign; (b) GHS
    – packaging sign .324
    12.7 Principles of heat transmission .325
    12.8 Smoke spread in buildings 325
    12.9 Causes of fire in recent years (© CTIF
    Centre of Fire Statistics) .326
    10.5 Equipment controls – design features 267
    10.6 Emergency stop button
    (© Praphan Jampala Shutterstock) .268
    10.7 (a) Damaged wood chisel with dangerous
    handle (© Shutterstock); (b) Range of nonpowered hand tools (© Draper) 269
    10.8 Range of hand-held power tools
    (© Draper) .271
    10.9 Electric drill with percussion hammer
    action to drill holes in masonry (© Draper) .273
    10.10 Disc sander with dual hand holds .273
    10.11 (a) Rotary drum floor sander; (b) orbital
    finishing sander .274
    10.12 Range of mechanical hazards .275
    10.13 Range of fixed guards .280
    10.14 Adjustable guard for a rotating drill bit on a
    pedestal drill 281
    10.15 Self-adjusting guard on a circular saw 281
    10.16 Typical interlocking guards: (a) sliding and
    (b) hinged 281
    10.17 Schematic diagram of a telescopic trip
    device fitted to a radial drill .282
    10.18 Two-handed control device .283
    10.19 Typical multifunction printer/photocopier
    (© Fellowes) .284
    10.20 Typical office shredder (© Fellowes) 285
    10.21 Typical bench-mounted grinder (© Draper) .285
    10.22 Typical pedestal drill – note the guard
    is adjustable and adjusted to cover the
    rotating drill (© Draper) .286
    10.23 Typical large cylinder mower (© Autoguide
    equipment Ltd) .286
    10.24 Typical brush cutter (© Draper) .287
    10.25 Typical chainsaw with rear handle. The
    rear handle projects from the back of the
    saw. It is designed to always be gripped
    with both hands, with the right hand on
    the rear handle. It may be necessary to
    have a range of saws with different guide
    bar lengths available. As a general rule,
    choose a chainsaw with the shortest guide
    bar suitable for the work. 1 – hand guard
    with integral chain brake; 2 – exhaust outlet
    directed to the right-hand side away from
    the operator; 3 – chain breakage guard at
    bottom of rear handle; 4 – chain designed
    to have low-kickback tendency; 5 – rubber
    anti-vibration mountings; 6 – lockout for the
    throttle trigger; 7 – guide bar (should be
    protected when transporting chainsaw);
    8 – bottom chain catcher; 9 – PPE hand/
    eye/ear defender signs; 10 – on/off switch
    (© HSE) .287
    10.26 Kevlar gloves, overtrousers and overshoes
    providing protection against chainsaw
    cuts. Helmet, ear and face shield protect
    the head. Apprentice under training – first
    felling (© Phil Hughes) 288List of illustrations
    xii
    13.9 The skin – main structures of the
    dermis .367
    13.10 (a) Typical symbols and (b) product label on
    containers .370
    13.11 Hand pump and stain detector (Courtesy of
    © Draegar) 371
    13.12 (a) A LEV system (© HSE); (b) Welding
    with an adjustable LEV system to
    remove dust and fumes (© Auto Extract
    Systems Ltd) .375
    13.13 (a) Paint-spray booth (© Shutterstock);
    (b) Old ventilation system can quickly
    corrode if not properly maintained
    (© Shutterstock); (c) Large ventilation
    system at roof level with access
    platform to maintain the filters and fans
    (© Shutterstock) .376
    13.14 Personal protective equipment (© Corepics
    VOF Shutterstock) 377
    13.15 Types of respiratory protective equipment:
    (a) filtering half-mask; (b) half-mask –
    reusable with filters; (c) compressed air-line
    breathing apparatus with full face fitted
    with demand value (Source: © HSE) 379
    13.16 Variety of eye protection goggles (Courtesy
    of © Draper) 380
    13.17 Damaged asbestos lagging on pipework
    (© PA Group (UK) Ltd) 385
    13.18 High hazard vacuum cleaner to clear up
    asbestos material 386
    13.19 Wet concrete or cement can cause serious
    dermatitis (© HSE) 390
    13.20 Commercial waste collection 393
    13.21 A designated waste collection area with
    two types of skip commonly used for
    waste collection. Heavy materials would
    be transported in the smaller skip. Sizes of
    skip range from about 4 cu metres (small
    skip shown) to about 35 cu metres (large
    skip shown) .394
    13.22 Electronic waste under WEEE 395
    14.1 Better to control noise at source than wear
    ear protection (© Phil Hughes) .402
    14.2 Passage of sound waves: (a) the ear
    with cochlea uncoiled; (b) summary of
    transmission .403
    14.3 Hearing protection zone notice .406
    14.4 Noise paths found in a workplace: (a) the
    quiet area is subjected to reflected noise
    from a machine elsewhere in the building;
    (b) the correct use of roof absorption will
    reduce the reflected noise; (c) segregation
    of the noisy operation will benefit the
    whole workplace (© HSE) .407
    14.5 Injuries which can be caused by hand–arm
    vibration (Source: © HSE) .409
    14.6 Breaker mounted on an excavator’s jib to
    reduce vibrations (© Phil Hughes) 410
    12.10 Accidental fires – sources of ignition
    in recent years (© CTIF Centre of Fire
    Statistics) 327
    12.11 Smoke-free sign 328
    12.12 (a) Before fire risk assessment; (b) after fire
    risk assessment (© HM Government) 329
    12.13 Partly blocked fire exit door 332
    12.14 Various storage arrangements for highly
    flammable liquids 336
    12.15 Steel structures can collapse in the heat of
    a fire (© Phil Hughes) 338
    12.16 Insulated core panels 339
    12.17 Firebreak wall between dwellings 339
    12.18 Safe dispensing of flammable liquids
    (© Phil Hughes) .340
    12.19 Simple electrical fire alarm system
    components (© Beci Phipps) 341
    12.20 Typical fire point in offices with
    extinguisher, fire notices and alarm breakglass call point (© KRoock74) .343
    12.21 Various fire-fighting equipment: (a) fire
    blanket (© Mark Williamson Richardson –
    Shutterstock); (b) hose reel (© fomo-istock);
    (c) fire extinguisher (© JonasSanLuis-istock) .343
    12.22 Types of fire extinguishers and labels
    (Note: main colour of all extinguishers is
    red with 5% for label) .345
    12.23 Various sprinkler heads designed to fit into
    a high-level water pipe system and spray
    water at different angles onto a fire below .346
    12.24 External fire escape from a multi-storey
    building. Extreme caution needed in winter
    and enclosure of staircase would be
    preferred for the UK climate .347
    12.25 Fire escape route outside building 348
    12.26 International Fire Escape pictorial .348
    12.27 Fire evacuation diagram 350
    12.28 Special addition to the fire notice for people
    with a disability .352
    12.29 Stair evacuation chair for people with a
    disability 352
    13.1 (a) GHS symbols in use and (b) How the
    existing European packaging symbols
    relate to the new GHS labels adopted
    under the CLP EU Regulation .361
    13.2 Paint spraying – risk of sensitising,
    particularly if isocyanate based paint used
    and inadequate local exhaust ventilation
    (© Shutterstock) 363
    13.3 Route map for adequate control for SMEs
    non-experts (Source: © HSE) 363
    13.4 Hazardous substances – principal routes of
    entry into the human body 364
    13.5 The upper and lower respiratory
    system 365
    13.6 The nervous system .365
    13.7 The cardiovascular system .366
    13.8 Parts of the urinary system .366List of illustrations
    xiii
    15.13 (a) General danger; (b) Explosive 514
    15.14 (a) Ear protection must be worn; (b) Eye
    protection must be worn 514
    15.15 (a) Means of escape; (b) First-aid 514
    15.16 Work at Height – flowchart (© HSE) .522
    16.1 Example of industrial air pollution
    (© Phil Hughes) .539
    16.2 (a) Water pollution from an oil spillage;
    (b) Water pollution from plastic and other
    solid waste 541
    16.3 Electronic waste under WEE 543
    16.4 Environmental protection commitment 543
    16.5 (a) Dangerous means of access with
    platform tied to bucket of excavator. A local
    expediency accepted as normal, Morocco;
    (b) Good quality scaffold with protection
    near water, Belgium (© Phil Hughes) .545
    16.6 World Cup stadium, under construction,
    Cape Town, 2009 (© Phil Hughes) .547
    16.7 Good quality access on a MEWP for
    pointing brickwork in Belgium (© Phil
    Hughes) 548
    16.8 Different solutions are needed in different
    countries: delivering furniture in Centaldo,
    Italy. (© Phil Hughes) 549
    16.9 Driving outside the UK (© Phil Hughes) 550
    16.10 Gas explosion during the night but man and
    his daughter escaped unharmed – house
    destroyed, Southampton, 2014
    (© Phil Hughes) .552
    16.11 Tour de France for professionals, French
    Alps, 2014 (© Phil Hughes) .554
    16.12 Tour de France for softies, France, 2014
    (© Phil Hughes) .554
    17.1 Revision notes (© Liz Hughes) .561
    17.2 Mind map report writing (© Liz Hughes) 561
    18.1 Select a competent and experienced
    person to carry out a risk assessment
    (© Shutterstock) .568
    18.2 Glass-blowing factory
    (© dedek shutterstock) .571
    18.3 Flat roof protection: (a) using handrails,
    and toe boards; (b) using a harness and
    proprietary anchor .572
    18.4 Asbestos pipe lagging .573
    M1 General health & safety risk assessment
    example 1 (© Beci Phipps) .593
    M2 Risk assessment report form example 2
    (© Beci Phipps) .594
    M3 Contractors’ risk assessment example for
    confined spaces (© Beci Phipps) 595
    M4 Contractors’ risk assessment example for
    work on fragile roofs (© Beci Phipps) .596
    M5 Workplace inspection report form
    (© Beci Phipps) .597
    M6 Workplace inspection checklist
    (© Beci Phipps) .598–599
    M7 Job safety analysis (© Beci Phipps) 600
    14.7 (a) Vibrating roller with risk of whole-body
    vibration 413
    14.7 (b) Remote control vibrating plate weighing
    1.2 tons with compaction in excess of
    a 7 ton roller which eliminates the risk
    of whole-body vibration. The operator is
    protected from vibrations, noise and dust.
    The machine can only be operated if line of
    sight is intact. In case of a loss of control
    the proximity recognition sensor keeps the
    operator safe (© Waker Neuson) 413
    14.8 Typical ionisation warning sign .413
    14.9 X-ray generator cabinet (© Balteau NDT) 415
    14.10 Radon monitoring equipment .415
    14.11 A proper Class 4 laser area setup for
    defeatable access control. Curtain design
    and layout varies with environment. Class
    4 laser areas in a research or university
    environment usually run long-term
    experiments that require unattended
    operation. In such cases, defeatable
    entryway controls are appropriate. By
    design, persons who have been properly
    trained and given the keypad access code
    may momentarily ‘defeat’ the interlock
    to enter and exit the laser controlled area
    protected by a magnetically locked
    door 416
    14.12 Metal furnace – source of infrared heat 417
    14.13 Breakdown of mental health cases by type
    of event which precipitated stress between
    2010 and 2012 (Source HSE Stress and
    Psychological Disorders Great Britain 2013,
    © HSE) 420
    15.1 New GHS pictograms with examples of
    Hazard statements and Precautionary
    statements 449
    15.2 (a) CDM 2015 – Schedule 1 (© HSE) 455
    15.2 (b) CDM 2015 – Schedule 3 (© HSE) 456
    15.3 Content of inspection reports (© HSE) .459
    15.4 Principles of good practice (© HSE) 466
    15.5 Warning sign for places where explosive
    atmospheres may occur. 469
    15.6 Fire safety order: (a) matters to be
    considered in dangerous substances;
    (b) in respect of young persons 477
    15.7 Measures to be taken in respect of
    dangerous substances (© HSE) 478
    15.8 A completed Hazardous Waste
    Consignment Note (© Environment
    Agency) .486
    15.9 Manual Handling Operations Regulations –
    flow chart (© HSE) 495
    15.10 What needs to be done under the Control
    of Noise at Work Regulations 2005
    (© HSE) .498
    15.11 (a) No fork-lift trucks; (b) No smoking .513
    15.12 (a) Hose reel; (b) Fire extinguisher 513List of illustrations
    xiv
    M8 Essential elements – permit to work
    (© Beci Phipps)
    M9 Witness statement form (© Beci Phipps)
    M10 Accident/incident report (© Beci
    Phipps) 603–604
    M11 First aid treatment and accident record
    (© Beci Phipps) 606
    S1 Machinery risk assessment (© Beci Phipps) ��607
    S2a Permit time extension/transfer (front)
    (© Beci Phipps)
    S2b Permit time extension/transfer (back)
    (© Beci Phipps)
    H1a COSHH assessment (© Beci Phipps)
    H1 COSHH assessment 1 (© Beci Phipps)
    H2 COSHH assessment 2: details of
    substances used or stored (© Beci
    Phipps) 613
    H3 Example of a workstation self assessment
    checklist (© Beci Phipps) 615
    H4 Example of a noise assessment record
    form (© Beci Phipps)
    H5 Manual handling of loads: assessment
    checklist (© Beci Phipps)
    H6 Manual handling risk assessment:
    employee checklist (© Beci Phipps)
    F1 Fire safety maintenance checklist
    (© Beci Phipps) 620
    F2 Fire risk assessment record – significant
    findings (© Beci Phipps)
    C1 Construction inspection report (© Beci
    Phipps)
    C2 Example risk assessment for contract
    bricklayers (© Beci Phipps) 625
    C3 Example risk assessment for woodwork
    (© Beci Phipps)
    Tables
    1�1 Annual accidents for different groups of
    people
    1�2 Approximate proportions (%) of cases of
    work-related ill-health reported by General
    Practitioners in any year
    1�3 Typical recent annual health and safety
    enforcement activity in Great Britain
    1�4 Causes of working days lost in the UK
    1�5 Premises inspected by the HSE and Local
    Authorities
    2�1 Location and contents of the key elements
    of a health and safety management system
    in chapters 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
    3�1 A comparison of the functions of health and
    safety representatives
    4�1 Contents of first-aid box – low risk
    4�2 Number of first-aid personnel
    7�1 Typical workplace lighting levels
    7�2 Trend in physical assaults and threats at
    work, 1999–2009 (based on working adults
    of working age)
    9�1 Safe driving of lift trucks
    11�1 Standard wiring colours
    11�2 Suggested intervals for portable appliance
    inspection and testing
    12�1 Enforcement in respect of fire on
    construction sites
    12�2 Maintenance and testing of fire equipment
    12�3 Maximum travel distances
    13�1 Examples of the new hazard warning (H)
    and precautionary statements (P)
    13�2 Examples of workplace exposure limits
    (WELs)
    13�3 The hazards and types of PPE for various
    parts of the body
    14�1 Some typical sound pressure levels (SPL)
    (dB(A) values)
    14�2 Typical noise levels at woodworking machines 404
    14�3 Simple observations to determine the need
    for a noise risk assessment
    14�4 Examples of vibration exposure values
    measured by the HSE on work equipment
    14�5 Machines which could produce significant
    whole-body vibration
    14�6 The change in exposure times as vibration
    increases
    14�7 Typical radiation dose limits
    15�1 Summary of maximum penalties under
    Health and Safety (Offences) Act 2008 for
    offences committed on or after 16 January
    15�2 Waste hierarchy
    15�3 The employers’ duties
    15�4 Classification zones
    15�5 Provision of information under DSE
    regulation
    15�6 Schedule 1 to the Manual Handling
    Operations Regulations
    16�1 Numbers of global work-related adverse
    events
    17�1 Terminology used in NEBOSH exams 563List of illustrations
    Boxes
    2.1 Example of objectives 54
    5.1 Key data for medium level of investigation 156
    5.2 The following categories of immediate
    causes of accident are used in F2508: .161
    15.1 Pollution prevention and control regimes .436
    15.2 Best available techniques (BAT) .437
    15.3 ‘Operator’ .439
    15.4 Definition of controlled waste 443
    15.5 Who has authority to take waste? 444
    15.6 Filling in paperwork .444xvi
    629
    Index
    Page numbers in italics denote an illustration, bold indicates a table
    alarms
    fire 341, 341
    security 184
    voice 341
    alcohol abuse 185
    allergies
    allergic contact dermatitis 366, 390
    irritants 360
    alternating current (ac) 296
    ammonia 388
    anthropometry 235
    Approved Code of Practice (ACoP) 17
    cement dust and wet cement 390
    COSHH Regulations 367, 464
    DSEAR regulations 468
    Ionising Radiations Regulations 419, 487
    Legionnaires’ disease 391
    passenger lifts 252
    welfare and work environment 178, 179
    arcing, electric 302
    Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Alliance 246
    artificial optical radiation
    hazardous light sources 447
    regulatory requirements 418, 446
    safe light sources 446–7
    asbestos
    health risks and controls 382–3
    managing in buildings
    accidental exposure 387
    asbestos risk register 385
    assessment 386
    awareness training 387
    identification 385, 385
    management survey 384–5
    medical surveillance 386–7
    refurbishment or demolition survey 205, 385
    regulatory responsibilities 383–4
    removal with control measures 386, 386
    waste disposal 387
    safe systems of work 135–7
    assembly and roll call
    emergencies 124
    fire evacuation 349–50
    ATEX Directive 301, 340
    attitude 72–3
    audits
    active assessment 46, 48, 50
    audit process 171, 171–3, 173
    definition 170
    scope and purpose 170–1
    A
    abrasion hazards 277–8
    abrasive wheel, bench-mounted 263–4, 264, 264–5
    absolute duty 14, 113
    access control 184
    access equipment, safe practices
    fixed scaffolds 200–1, 201, 204, 218
    ladders 197–8, 198
    mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) 203, 203, 203–4
    mobile scaffold towers 202, 202–3
    stepladders, trestles and staging 198–9, 198–9
    accident book 157, 157–8
    accident frequency rate 68
    accidents
    accident triangle 100–1, 101, 151–2
    categories 101
    definition 3, 100
    direct and indirect costs 7, 101
    domestic and leisure related 551–2
    electrical 296
    financial cost 6, 6
    fire 318
    Heinrich’s accidents/incidents ratios 69, 69, 151
    investigations 81, 149–50
    older people 553
    portable electric equipment 303
    rate calculation 68
    statistics 4, 4–5
    accident triangle 100–1, 101, 151–2
    accommodation for clothing and changing 179, 211
    ACoP see Approved Code of Practice
    acoustic trauma 403
    ACT (PDCA model) 45, 46, 46
    active monitoring
    definition 140
    performance assessment 46, 48
    performance measurement methods 142–3
    active/reactive monitoring 140–9
    Act of God 13
    acute toxicity 360
    adjustable guards 280–1, 281
    agency workers, duties of 23
    air pollution
    acid rain 540–1
    greenhouse effect 540
    IPPC regulatory controls 540
    photochemical smog 541
    stratospheric ozone depletion 540
    air receivers, examination of 266, 266–7
    air sampling techniques 370–1, 371Index
    630
    circular saw, bench-mounted
    hazards 279
    safeguards 290, 290
    civil law
    County Court 9
    High Court 10
    legal framework 8
    Supreme Court 10
    Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and
    Mixtures Regulation (EC) see CLP Regulation
    cleaning arrangements 189
    clients
    duties under CDM Regulations 2015 30–1, 32, 33,
    454–5
    legal considerations 29–30
    closed circuit television (CCTV) 184
    CLP Regulation
    classification labelling 360, 361
    hazard warnings and precautionary statements 362, 362
    outline 448
    regulatory requirements 448
    collisions, pedestrian
    control measures 190, 191
    fixed or stationary objects 188
    moving, falling or flying objects 188
    moving vehicles 188
    Combined Code of Corporate Governance 2003 49
    commercial stakeholders 87–8
    common law torts and duties
    breach of statutory duty 13–14
    duty of care 13
    negligence 11–13
    Common Sense, Common Safety (Young) 427
    communication
    contractors and clients 29, 35
    managers and supervisors 23
    organisational 46, 86, 117
    report writing 146–8
    types of 78–9
    compactor, retail
    hazards 278–9
    safeguards 288–9, 289
    Compensation Act 2006 13–14, 527–8
    compensation and insurance issues
    employers’ liability insurance 548
    fault and no-fault injury compensation 548–9
    competence
    definition 77
    influence on standards 86
    competent person
    permit system responsibilities 122–3
    role of 65–6, 77
    safe systems of work guidance 116
    conduction of heat 324–5, 325
    confined spaces
    risk assessment 451
    safe systems of work 118–19, 452
    work permit 121, 122
    Confined Spaces Regulations 1997
    definition 118, 451
    emergency arrangements 452
    employers’ duties 451
    risk assessment 451
    safe systems of work 118–19, 452
    training 452
    Construction (Head Protection) Regulations 1989 194–5
    authorised persons, permit system responsibilities
    122
    B
    back injuries 238
    balance trucks 243
    banksman 203, 223, 250
    battery (cordless) operated hand tools 307
    benchmarking 54–5
    bench-top grinder
    hazards 277–8
    safeguards 285, 285
    Best Available Techniques (BAT) 437, 540
    Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) 540
    boilers, examination of 266, 266–7
    breathing apparatus 378–80, 379
    brush cutter/strimmer
    hazards 278
    safeguards 286–7, 287
    Building Regulations 2010
    Access to and use of buildings – Approved Document M
    526–7
    Fire Safety – Approved Document B 525–6
    buildings, fire protection in 337–9, 338–9
    bullying 184
    buried power lines 309–10, 311, 459
    burns, electric 298–9, 300
    buying problems 26, 26–7
    C
    cancer 387–8
    carbon dioxide 388
    carbon monoxide 388–9
    carcinogenic substances 360, 372, 389
    cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) 124
    carpal tunnel syndrome 235
    case law see civil law; common law; criminal law
    CDM Regulations 2015 see Construction, Design and
    Management Regulations 2015
    CE markings 26, 261–2, 261–3
    cement/concrete mixer
    hazards 279
    safeguards 289, 289–90
    cement dust and wet cement 390
    Certificate of Conformity 262, 262
    chainsaws
    competence assessment 287–8
    hazards 278
    personal protective equipment (PPE) 284, 288
    safeguards 287–8, 287–8
    CHECK (PDCA model) 45, 46, 46, 141, 141
    checklist
    fire risk assessment 355–6
    hazards 130
    health and safety policy 59–60
    scaffolding faults 218
    supply chain health and safety management 39
    checkout conveyor system
    hazards 279
    safeguards 289, 289
    Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply)
    Regulations 2009 (CHIP4) 359–60
    chemical warning signs 106, 106
    CHIP4 classifications 360
    chlorine 388
    circuit breaker 306, 306Index
    631
    hazards and controls
    demolition 209–10
    electricity 211
    fire and other emergencies 210
    health hazards 212
    noise 212
    prevention of drowning 210, 210
    safe place of work 207
    site security 212–13
    vehicles and traffic routes 210
    particular issues 207
    scope of activities 207–8
    security measures 207, 208, 212–13
    welfare facilities 210–11, 212
    contaminated land 395
    continual improvement 46, 50, 175, 175–6
    contractors
    assessing and managing principles 33–4
    CDM Regulations 2015 30, 32, 457
    definition 29
    legal considerations 29–30
    management and authorisation 34–5
    permit system responsibilities 123
    principal 32
    rules and requirements 35–6
    safety rules 35
    selection 34
    contributory negligence 8, 13
    Control of Artificial Optical Radiation at Work Regulations
    2010
    duties 446
    hazardous light sources 447
    regulatory requirements 418, 445
    safe light sources 446–7
    Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 383–4, 528–9
    Control of Lead at Work Regulations 2002 389, 531–2
    Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005
    assessment and action plan 498
    elimination or control of exposure 499
    employers’ duties 402, 497
    exposure limit values and action values 497
    health surveillance 500
    hearing protection 499
    information, instruction and training 500
    maintenance and use of equipment 500
    music events 497
    risk assessment 497–9
    Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986 as amended 532, 539
    control of risk see risk control
    Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations
    (COSHH) 2002 and 2004 amendment
    accidents and emergencies 467
    ACoP, key changes 2013 464
    amendments to 2002 Regulation 463–4
    control measures
    engineering controls 374–6, 375–6
    health surveillance 381
    illustrative example 382
    maintenance and emergency procedures 381–2
    personal protective equipment (PPE) 377, 377–81, 378,
    379–80, 465–6
    prevention 373–4, 465
    principles of good practice 373, 466
    regulatory requirements 465–6
    supervisory or people controls 376–7
    supply of cement 390
    Construction, Design and Management (CDM) Regulations
    2015
    access equipment, safe practices 197–203, 198–204
    access equipment inspection 204
    amendments to 2007 Regulation 453
    client duties 30–1, 32, 33, 454–5
    cofferdams and caissons 458
    compulsory requirements 30
    construction phase health and safety plan 32–3, 456
    construction work defined 454
    contractors’ duties 457
    demolition 209–10, 458
    designer duties 31–2
    domestic client 33, 33
    electrical hazards 211
    emergency procedures 196, 210, 321, 322, 460
    emergency routes and exits 321, 460
    energy distribution installations 459
    excavations 213–14, 213–15, 458
    explosives 458
    fall arrest equipment 195, 195–6
    fire detection and firefighting 321–2, 460
    fire safety 319, 461–2
    fixed scaffolds 200–1, 201
    fragile roofs and surfaces 193–4, 195
    fresh air provision 460
    general requirements 457
    hazards and controls 208–10, 208–13, 212
    health and safety duties, general 455
    health and safety file 33, 456
    health hazards 212, 460
    inspection recording form 219
    inspections, reports of 458–9
    ladders 197–8, 198
    lighting 460
    method statement 33
    mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) 203, 203, 203–4
    mobile scaffold towers 202, 202–3
    noise hazards 212
    notifiable work 33, 33, 455, 455
    outline 453–4
    policy objectives 452–3
    pre-construction health and safety information 32, 456
    prevention of drowning 210, 210, 459
    principal appointments 455
    principal contractor
    appointment 455
    communication with workers 457
    construction phase health and safety 456–7
    principal designer duties 31–2, 455–6
    protection against falls from height 193–4
    protection from falling objects 194–5
    safe place of work 457
    site security 212–13, 458
    stability of structures 458
    stepladders, trestles and staging 198–9, 199–200
    temperature and weather protection 460
    vehicles and traffic routes 210, 459
    welfare facilities 210–11, 212, 460–1
    work at height deaths 192
    Work at Height Regulations 192–3
    working above ground level 196–7
    construction phase health and safety plan 32–3, 41–2, 456
    construction projects
    client/occupier safety arrangements 213
    environmental considerations 213Index
    632
    Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmosphere Regulations
    (DSEAR) 2002
    accidents, incidents and emergencies 469
    ACoP, key changes 2013 468
    applications 468
    classification of workplace 469, 469, 469
    contents of containers and pipes 470
    definitions 334, 468
    electrical equipment, use of 301
    elimination or reduction of risk 468–9
    employer responsibilities 334
    information, instruction and training 469
    regulatory requirements 467–8
    risk assessment 468
    death, work-related
    asbestos 382–3
    falls from height 188
    investigation 20
    RIDDOR 2013 159
    demolition 205–6, 209–10, 458
    departmental managers
    health and safety responsibilities 65, 92–3
    dermatitis 366–7, 390
    designers, principal
    CDM Regulations 2015 31–2, 455–6
    diesel engine exhaust emissions 389
    dilution (or general) ventilation 376, 376
    direct burning 325
    direct current (dc) 296
    directors
    health and safety management
    auditing 170–3, 171, 173
    Board members and director responsibilities 63–4, 90–1
    organisational responsibilities 70–1
    performance review and reporting 49, 174–5
    personal liability offence 18
    disabled workers
    fire emergencies and procedures 351–2, 352
    legislation 351, 530–1
    risk assessment 112
    welfare and work environment 178, 181
    display screen equipment (DSE) 236–8
    eye strain 238
    musculoskeletal problems 237
    psychological problems 238
    regulatory requirements 470–2, 472
    visual problems 237–8
    workstation design 237
    DO (PDCA model) 45, 46, 46, 62, 62, 98
    documentation, safe systems of work 117
    document shredder
    hazards 277
    safeguards 285, 285
    domestic client 33, 33
    doors, fire evacuation 347
    double-barrelled action 13
    double insulation
    portable power tools 308
    symbol 308
    drinking water 178, 211
    drivers
    cars on company business, rule compliance 231
    competency 229
    employer responsibilities 227
    ergonomic considerations 230
    fitness and health 229
    control of exposure 362, 363, 465
    COSHH assessment
    air sampling techniques 370–1
    control of exposure 369
    health surveillance 369–70
    information sources 370
    regulatory requirements 465
    substances covered 368–9
    workplace exposure limit (WELs) 371–3, 372, 464
    defence (legal case) 467
    employers’ duties 464, 464
    health surveillance 466–7
    information, instruction and training 467
    monitoring exposure 466
    requirements 368, 465
    role of 367–8
    substances defined 464
    use, maintenance, examination and test 466
    Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005
    application 516
    assessment of risk to health 411–12, 516–17
    elimination or control of exposure 411, 412, 413, 517
    exposure limit values and action values 410–11, 411, 516
    health surveillance 413, 517–18
    information, instruction and training 518
    Interpretation 516
    convection of heat 324, 325
    conveyors 246, 247, 257
    cooking processes, fire prevention 333
    Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007
    20–1, 529
    corporate responsibility 2
    corrosive substances 360, 361
    COSHH see Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
    Regulations (COSHH)
    cost-benefit analysis 111
    cranes 250–2
    lifting tackle 252, 252
    mobile jib 250
    safe working load (SWL) 250
    tower 251–2
    criminal law
    Crown Court 8–9
    Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) 9
    legal framework 7–8
    Magistrates Court 8
    Crown Court
    health and safety offence penalties 20
    powers 8–9
    Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) 9
    customer information 25–6
    cylinder mower
    hazards 278
    safeguards 286, 286
    D
    dangerous occurrence, definition 3–4, 100
    dangerous substances, storage and use
    aerosols 337
    control measures 335
    DSEAR regulations 334
    flammable gas cylinders 336
    flammable liquids 335–6, 336
    mitigation measures 335
    risk assessment 334–5
    substitution 335Index
    633
    definitions 297–8
    earthing 297
    hazards see electrical hazards
    legislation requirements 296
    short circuit 297
    static 302, 302–3
    Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
    adverse or hazardous environments 473
    competence (inspection and testing) 304–5
    competence (in use) 474
    connections 473
    cutting supply and isolation 473
    definitions 472
    duties 472
    earthing, integrity and other suitable precautions 473
    excess current protection 473
    insulation, protection and placing of conductors 473
    principal topics 304
    strength and capability of equipment 473
    systems, work activities and protective equipment
    472–3
    working space access and lighting 474
    work on equipment made dead 473
    work on or near live conductors 473
    electric shock
    cause and effects 298
    treatment 299, 299–300
    elevators 246, 248
    emergencies
    assembly and roll call 124
    electrical incident 310–11
    emergency services call-out 124–5
    procedures 123–4
    procedure testing and training 125
    supervisory duties 124
    Emergency First-Aid at Work (EFAW) 127, 127
    emergency lighting 125, 180
    EMF Directive 418
    employees
    consultation legislation 462
    consultation with 79–80
    duties under
    HSW Act 1974 18, 23, 433
    MHSWR 1999 29
    equipment 26–7
    safe systems of work 116
    worker representatives 46, 80, 80–1
    employers
    civil liability 13, 162, 435
    confined spaces regulation 451
    contractor health and safety 29–30
    duties under COSHH Regulations 464, 464
    duties under HSW Act 1974 17–18
    general 21–2, 432–3
    liability case study 22
    night working 22–3
    temporary workers 23
    violence at work 183
    visitor and general public safety 22
    duties under MHSWR 1999 28–9
    duty of care 13
    duty to consult 462
    health and safety policy 51, 63
    joint occupation of premises 29
    management regulations (HSW) 16–17
    plant and equipment purchases 26–7
    fork-lift trucks 249, 249, 258
    mobile work equipment 226
    risk assessment 228–9
    road transport drivers, abroad 551
    route planning 230
    training 226–7, 229
    transporting hazardous substances 382
    weather conditions 230
    work schedules 230
    drug and solvent abuse 185–6
    dusts, health risk
    chemical agents 358
    dust observation lamps 371–3
    inhalable dust 358
    respirable dust 364
    wood dust 390–1
    duty of care 13
    E
    ear protection 407–8
    earthing 297
    Eco Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) 442
    economics and standards 87
    electrical equipment
    fire prevention 333–4
    inspection and maintenance strategies 311–12
    inspection and testing frequency 313, 313
    portable electrical appliance testing (PAT) 312, 312–14,
    313
    records of inspection and testing 313–14
    protective systems
    double insulation 308
    fuses 306, 306
    insulation 306
    isolation 306–7, 307–8
    reduced low-voltage 307, 309
    residual current devices (RCDs) 307, 307–8
    safe systems of work 304–5
    selection and suitability 305–6
    standard wiring colours 304
    waste disposal 395
    Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 1994 529–30
    electrical fires and explosions 300–1, 300–2
    electrical hazards
    arcing 302
    control measures 304–5
    electrical fires and explosions 300–1, 300–2
    electric shock and burns
    causes and effects 298–9
    treatment 299, 299–300
    flammable atmospheres 339–40, 340
    high risks 304
    portable electric equipment 303
    secondary hazards 303
    static electricity 302, 302–3, 340, 340
    warning sign 296
    electrical incident, emergency procedures 310–11
    electric arcing 302
    electric burns
    cause and effects 298–9
    treatment 300
    electric current, forms of 296
    electric drills 272–3, 273
    electricity
    basic principles 296–7
    conductors and insulators 297Index
    634
    European Courts 11
    European Six Pack 15
    European Union (EU)
    directives 15
    Eco Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) 442
    influence on health and safety 15
    excavations
    CDM Regulations 2015 458
    hazards associated with 213
    inspecting and reporting requirements 214–15
    precautions and controls 213–14, 214
    exceptional violations 76
    expectant and new mothers
    legislation 493
    risk assessment 13, 111–12
    explosions, electrical 300–1, 300–2
    external agencies
    Environment Agency 27
    Fire and Rescue Authority 27
    role and functions 27, 27–8
    Scottish Environment Protection Agency 27
    F
    fall arrest equipment
    air bags 196
    safety harnesses 195, 195
    safety nets 196
    falling object protective structures (FOPS) 225
    falls from work at height
    control measures 189, 189–90
    death and serious injury 188
    Fee for Intervention (FFI) 18, 435–6
    fibres 358–9
    fire
    basic principles
    fire triangle 322, 322
    oxygen 324, 324
    sources of fuel 323, 323
    sources of ignition 322
    causes 326, 326
    classification 324
    consequences 326–7, 327
    dangerous substances 334
    detection and alarm systems 340–2, 341
    drills 350
    electrical 300–1, 300–2
    electrical and other equipment in potentially flammable
    atmospheres 339–40, 340
    emergency procedures and plans 349–50
    extinguishers 342–4, 343
    Fire and Rescue Authority, role and function 27
    fire and smoke spread 325, 326
    fire marshals 349
    fire plans 331
    heat transmission principles 324–5, 325
    maintenance and refurbishment (temporary) 331
    notices 350, 356
    prevention measures
    electrical safety 333–4
    equipment and machinery 332–3
    housekeeping 331–2
    safe systems of work 334
    smoking 333
    storage 332, 332
    protection in buildings
    fire compartmentation 339, 339
    Employers’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 and
    Regulations 1998 amended in 2002, 2004 and 2008
    application 474–5
    coverage 475
    display of certificate 475
    outline 7, 474
    penalties 475
    retention of certificates 475
    employers’ liability insurance 7, 474–5, 548
    employments tribunals 10
    End of Life Vehicles (ELV) Directive 395
    enforcement notices
    improvement notice 19, 433
    prohibition notice 19–20, 433
    engineers, permit system responsibilities 123
    Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 13, 162, 435
    Environment Agency
    air pollution 540
    environmental permitting 438, 439–43
    Operator and Pollution Risk Appraisal scheme (OPRA) 442
    pollution prevention and control 436, 437, 539–40
    role and functions 27–8
    waste handling and storage 443–4, 444–5
    water pollution 541
    Environmental Damage (Prevention and Remediation)
    Regulations 2009 539
    Environmental Management System (EMS) 538
    Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations
    2010 438
    applications
    operator 439–40, 439–40
    preparatory considerations 440
    procedures 441
    transitional arrangements 440–1
    enforcement
    enforcement notices 442
    prosecutions 443
    suspension notices 442–3
    facilities covered
    exemptions 439
    regulated facilities 438–9, 542
    single permit 439, 542
    legal framework 438
    operator competence and management systems 442
    permit conditions 441
    principles of 438, 541–2
    regulator roles 439
    standard permits 441
    standard rules 441–2
    environmental protection, definition 3
    Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1990
    contaminated land 395
    controlled waste 443
    framework 436
    regulatory enforcement 538–9
    waste and duty of care 443–4, 444–5
    waste management 392–3
    environment impact assessments 544
    Equality Act 2010 (Disability) Regulations 2010 351, 530–1
    equipotential bonding 297
    ergonomics
    ergonomic hazards and impacts 235
    principles and scope of 234–5
    welfare and work environment 71, 178–81, 178–81, 180
    escape routes and travel distances, fire 347–8, 347–8, 348
    escape times, fire 348–9Index
    635
    fixed guards 279, 280
    fixed scaffolds 200–1, 201, 204
    faults 218
    flammable gas cylinders, safety signs 106, 107
    floors, stairways and traffic routes 181, 189
    Food Safety Act 1990 532
    FOPS see falling object protective structures
    fork-lift trucks 246, 248, 258, 332–3
    fragile roofs and surfaces 193–4, 195
    fragile roofs signs 107, 107
    frozen shoulder 235
    fuses 306, 306
    G
    Gas Appliances (Safety) Regulations 1995 531
    Gas Safe Register 388
    Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1998 531
    general purpose trucks 243
    generic risk assessment 99–100
    GHS classifications 360, 361
    GHS Hazard (H) Statement 398
    pictograms and example statements 449
    gloves, safety 380, 400
    goggles 380, 380
    graphic communication 79
    guards
    adjustable 280–1, 281
    basic requirements 290–1
    fixed 279, 280
    interlocking 281, 281
    guidance
    best practice 17
    legal 17
    H
    hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS)
    control measures 411, 411
    exposure limit value 410–11
    injuries 408–9, 409
    vibration exposure values 409
    vibration white finger (VWF) 408
    hand-held power tools
    battery (cordless) operated 307
    general hazards 270–1, 271
    safety controls and instructions 271–2
    specific hazards and controls
    electric drills 272–3, 273
    sanders 273–4, 273–4
    hand-held tools
    hazards 269, 269
    safety considerations 270
    harmful substances 360, 361
    hazard, definition 4
    hazard identification and risk assessment 45
    hazardous light sources 418, 447
    hazardous substances
    acute effects 361
    air monitoring
    dust observation lamps 371
    smoke tubes 371
    vane anemometers 371
    air sampling techniques
    direct reading instruments 371
    passive sampling 371
    sampling pumps and heads 371
    stain tube detectors 370–1, 371
    fire loading 337
    fire resistance of structural elements 338, 338
    general principles 337
    insulating materials 338–9, 339
    surface spread of fire 337–8
    risk assessment
    findings and actions 330–1
    fire hazard identification 327–8, 329
    general factors 327
    monitor and review 331
    persons at risk 329–30
    risk evaluation and reduction 330
    routines 349
    RRFSO – Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
    enforcement 320–1
    fire safety duties 320
    general fire precautions 319
    offences 321
    safety signs 106, 106, 348, 348
    structural features 331
    temporary workplaces 331
    workplace evacuation
    building plans and specifications 350, 352–3
    means of escape 347–8, 347–9
    people with special needs 351–2, 352
    procedures and emergency plans 349–50, 350
    Fire (Scotland) Act 2005 482–3
    Fire and Rescue Authority 27
    Fire and Rescue Services (Northern Ireland) 483
    fire detection and alarm systems 340–1, 341
    automatic fire detection 342
    manual call points 342
    people with hearing difficulties 341
    schematic plan 341
    voice alarm 341
    firefighting equipment (FFE)
    extinguishing media
    methods 342
    positioning 344
    type advantages and limitations 342–4, 343
    types and labels 345
    inspection, maintenance and testing 346, 346
    portable, suitability and positioning 343, 344
    sprinkler installations 345–6, 346
    fire hazards
    identification 327–8, 329
    insulating materials (buildings) 338–9, 339
    structural features 331
    Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1999 318, 319
    Fire Precautions Act 1971 318, 319
    Fire Safety (Employees’ Capabilities) (England) Regulations
    2010 321
    Fire Services Act 1947 318
    first aid
    appointed persons 126, 126
    box contents 126, 126
    high risk, provision impact 125–6, 126
    minimum provision 125
    risk assessment and provision 125
    signs 106, 106, 126
    site arrangements 127
    training and approval arrangements, changes to 127
    First-Aid at Work (FAW)
    provision guide 125
    training guidelines 126, 127, 127
    first aiders 126, 126Index
    636
    types of 363–4
    wood dust 390–1
    health surveillance 381
    material safety data sheets 370, 382
    mutagenic 361, 372
    product labels 370, 370
    REACH Regulations 448–51
    road transportation 382
    substances of very high concern (SVHs) 374
    waste
    handling and storage 393
    hazardous properties 399
    workplace exposure limit (WEL) 371–3, 372
    Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2005
    asbestos 387
    hazardous properties 399
    hazardous waste consignment note (completed) 486
    key changes 485
    regulatory requirements 393, 445, 485–7
    hazards
    checklist 130
    construction projects 208–10, 210, 211–13
    definition 100
    electrical 298–302, 300–1
    fire 327–8, 329
    heat and radiation 181, 181
    identification 102–3
    machinery 277–9
    maintenance 188
    manual handling 238, 239, 244–5
    mechanical machinery 275, 275–6
    mobile work equipment 223, 223
    non-mechanical machinery 276–7
    pedestrians 186–92, 187, 189, 191
    workplace transport operations 222–3
    hazard statement (substance) 362, 362
    head protection 194–5
    health, definition 2–3
    health and safety
    financial reasons 6, 6, 6
    legal framework 7–8
    legal reasons 5, 5
    legislation and regulation 427–535
    moral reasons 4, 4–5, 5
    responsibilities, detailed
    departmental managers 65, 92–3
    directors 63–4, 70–1, 90–1
    employees and agency workers 94
    managing directors/chief executives 65, 92
    supervisors 65, 93–4
    sources of information 114–15, 588–92
    standards, societal expectations 6–7, 86
    training 83, 83–5, 95
    Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations
    1996
    application 80, 462
    civil liability and complaints 463
    duty to provide information 463
    elections 463
    employers’ duties 80, 82–3, 462
    functions of ROES 80, 82, 463
    persons to be consulted 462
    training, time-off and facilities 80, 463
    Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations
    1992
    daily work routine of users 471
    asbestos
    health risks and controls 382–3
    managing in buildings 383–7, 385–6
    biological agents
    bacteria 359
    fungi 359
    moulds 359
    prion 359
    viruses 359
    body systems at risk
    cardiovascular system 365, 365
    nervous system 365, 365
    respiratory system 364–5, 365, 366
    routes of entry 364, 364
    skin 366–7, 367
    urinary system 366, 366
    carcinogenic 360, 372
    chemical agents
    dusts 358
    fibres 358–9
    fume 359
    gases 359
    liquids (fluids) 359
    mists 359
    vapours 359
    chronic effects 361
    classification and supply 359–60, 361
    control measures
    engineering controls 374–6, 375–6
    hierarchy of control 373
    illustrative example 382
    maintenance and emergency procedures 381–2
    personal protective equipment (PPE) 377, 377–81, 378,
    379–80
    prevention 373–4
    principles of good practice 373
    supervisory or people controls 376–7
    engineering controls
    dilution (or general) ventilation 376, 376
    local exhaust ventilation (LEV) 374–6, 375
    GHS classifications 360
    hazard warnings and precautionary statements 362, 362
    GHS Hazard (H) Statement 398
    health risks and controls
    ammonia 388
    asbestos 382–3
    biological agents 391–2
    blood-borne viruses 392
    carbon dioxide 388
    carbon monoxide 388–9
    cement dust and wet cement 390, 390
    chemical agents 387–91
    chlorine 388
    control of exposure 362–3, 363
    diesel engine exhaust emissions 389
    hepatitis 392
    isocyanates 389
    lead 389
    legionella 391
    leptospirosis and Weil’s disease 391
    metals and minerals 389–90
    occupational asthma 388
    occupational cancer 387–8
    organic solvents 388
    silica 389–90
    tetanus 391Index
    637
    Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees)
    Regulations 1996 80, 82, 82–3, 462–3
    health and safety issues 79–80, 80
    Safety Representatives and Safety Committee Regulations
    1977 80, 80–1, 82
    definition 67
    health and safety standards promotion 76–7
    human errors and violations 74, 74–6
    human factors 69–70
    individual factors 72, 72–4, 73
    job-related 71, 71–2
    organisational factors 70–1
    indicators of 46, 49, 68–9
    inspection guidance 94–5
    management commitment 69, 76, 85–6
    positive elements 49, 67–8
    Health and Safety Executive (HSE)
    corporate responsibility 2
    Fee for Intervention (FFI) 435–6
    HSW Act 1974 435
    industry, relationship with 427
    origins and function 16
    prosecution statistics 5
    REACH UK Competent Authority 448, 450
    Scottish Executive, legal comparisons 427–30
    Health and Safety Executive of Northern Ireland (HSENI) 16,
    430
    health and safety file 33, 42, 456
    health and safety forms (downloads)
    construction
    inspection report 623
    risk assessment for contract bricklayers 624–6
    risk assessment for woodwork 627–8
    fire
    fire safety maintenance checklist 619–21
    risk assessment record 622
    health
    COSHH assessment (substances) 610–13
    manual handling of loads assessment 617–18
    noise assessment record 616
    workstation self-assessment 614–15
    management
    accident/incident report 603–4
    first aid treatment and accident record 605–6
    job safety analysis 600
    permit to work 601
    risk assessment 592–6
    witness statement 602
    workplace inspection 597–9
    safety
    general work permit 608–9
    machinery risk assessment 607
    health and safety management systems
    HSG65 44–6
    ILO-OSH 2001 47
    ISO 45001 47
    key elements
    benefits and problems 50–1
    continual improvement 50
    effective audit 50
    health and safety policy 44
    Plan, Do, Check, Act model 44–6, 45, 46
    planning and development 47–8
    positive health and safety culture 49
    stakeholder involvement 49–50
    OHSAS 18001 – 2007 47
    definitions 470
    exemptions 470
    eyes and eyesight 471
    general requirements 236, 470
    health and safety information 471, 472
    risk assessment 470
    training 471
    workstations 471
    Health and Safety (Fees) Regulations 2012 18, 435–6
    Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981 as amended
    employees’ information 484
    employers’ duties 484
    first aid defined 484
    provision requirements 125
    self-employed, duties of 484
    training courses, changes to 127
    Health and Safety (Information for Employees) Regulations
    1989 485
    Health and Safety (Offences) Act 2008 20, 531
    Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996
    BS EN 7010:2012 515
    definitions 512–13
    functions of colours, shapes and symbols in safety signs
    105, 513–14, 513–14
    information, instruction and training 513
    provision and maintenance of safety signs 513
    Health and Safety (Sharp Instruments in Healthcare)
    Regulations 2013 534
    health and safety advisor 55
    Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (Civil Liability) (Exceptions)
    Regulations 2013 13, 435
    Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HSW Act)
    Approved Code of Practice (ACoP) 17
    background to Act 15–16
    breach of statutory duty 13
    criminal case 7
    duties of employees and agency workers 23, 433
    duties of employers 21–3, 51, 432–3
    duties of managers and supervisors 23
    duties of manufacturers/suppliers 433
    duties of self-employed 24, 433
    enforcement 18–20
    enforcement notices 19–20
    Fee for Intervention (FFI) 18, 435–6
    general duties and key sections 17–18, 427, 432
    guidance 17
    Health and Safety Executive (HSE) 16, 435
    indictable and summary offences 20, 434–5
    penalties 20, 434, 434
    persons in control of premises 24, 433
    powers of inspectors 18–19, 19, 433
    regulations 16–17
    risk assessment 98
    safe systems of work 115
    supply chain responsibilities 25
    violence at work 183
    work-related deaths 20
    health and safety auditing
    audit report and recommendations 173, 173
    pre-audit preparations 171, 171
    responsibility, external v. internal 171–2
    Safety Management System (SMS) Audit 142, 170
    scope and purpose 170, 170–1
    Health and Safety Commission 16
    health and safety culture
    consultation with workforceIndex
    638
    health and safety management systems, risk assessment and
    controls
    cost-benefit analysis 111
    emergency procedures 123–5
    first aid provision 125–8, 126, 126, 127
    risk assessment
    accident and health risk categories 101
    definitions 100, 100–1
    examples 131–4
    forms of 99–100
    hazard checklist 130
    legal aspects 98–9
    management of 101–2
    objectives 101
    practical steps 102, 102–11, 105–7, 109–10
    young person’s 111–13
    risk control
    asbestos, work involving 135–7
    health and safety information sources 114–15
    permit-to-work system 119–23, 121, 122
    prevention principles 113–14
    safe systems of work 115, 115–19
    health and safety performance measurement
    active/reactive monitoring 140–9
    effective risk control 142, 142
    incident investigation 149–57, 150–4, 156–7
    information needs 141–2
    inspection types 142–3
    management roles 143
    purpose for measuring 141–2
    reactive monitoring 148–9
    reasons for measurement 141, 141
    safety inspection programme 143–5
    traditional measurement approach 140–1
    health and safety performance review
    continual improvement 175, 175–6
    directors and senior managers’ role 174–5
    participants and schedules 174
    purpose 173–4
    health and safety policy
    arrangements section 56
    benchmarking 54–5
    effective management 47–8
    legal duties 51
    management responsibilities 52
    objectives, setting methods 53, 53–4
    operational considerations 54–5
    organisational responsibilities 55, 56
    performance targets 52–3
    purpose and importance 44, 51
    review 56–7
    statement of intent 45, 51–3
    health and safety poster 79, 79
    health and safety practitioner 66–7
    health and safety representatives 80, 80–3, 82,
    462–3
    health and safety standards
    communication 86
    economic influences 87
    external influences 86, 86–8
    internal influences 85, 85–6
    legislation and enforcement 78, 87
    management commitment 85–6
    production/service demands 86
    promotion within organisation 76–7
    societal expectations 6–7, 86
    health and safety management systems, audit and review
    health and safety auditing
    audit report and recommendations 173, 173
    audits, scope and purpose 170, 170–1
    pre-audit preparations 171, 171–2
    responsibility, external v. internal 171–2
    health and safety performance review
    continual improvement 175–6
    directors and senior managers’ role 174–5
    participants and schedules 174
    purpose 173–4
    subjects for review 174
    health and safety management systems, monitoring and
    investigation
    active and reactive monitoring 140
    health and safety performance measurement
    active monitoring 142–3
    effective report writing 146–8
    effective risk control 142, 142
    reactive monitoring 148–9
    reasons for 141, 141–2
    safety inspection programme 143–6, 144
    traditional approach 140–1
    incident investigation
    accident triangle, limitations of 151–2, 152
    causes, analysis and recommendations 155–6, 156–7
    function of 149, 149–50
    incident types 150–1, 150–1
    levels of 152–3, 153
    procedures 153–5, 154
    incident recording and reporting
    compensation and insurance issues 162–3, 167–8
    internal systems 160–1, 161–2
    lessons learnt 163
    statutory requirements 157–8, 157–60
    risk assessment
    workplace inspection exercises 165–6
    health and safety management systems, organising
    behaviour at work
    communication 78–9
    consultation with workforce 79–83, 80
    human factors 69, 69–76, 71–3
    competent person, role of 65–6
    control arrangements 62–3, 63
    health and safety culture 67–9
    health and safety performance
    external influences 86–8, 87
    internal influences 85, 85–6
    health and safety practitioner, role of 66–7
    health and safety training 83, 83–5
    legal requirement updates 78
    responsibilities
    departmental managers 65, 92–3
    directors 63–4, 70–1, 90–1
    employees and agency workers 94
    managing directors/chief executives 65, 92
    supervisors 65, 93–4
    safe behaviour
    management commitment 76
    standards promotion 76–8
    health and safety management systems, planning
    health and safety plan 48, 53, 53–4
    health and safety policy 47–8, 51–3
    objectives, setting methods 53–4, 54
    operational integration 54–5
    planning stage (PLAN) 47, 47–8Index
    639
    RIDDOR 2013 158–60
    statutory requirements 157–8, 157–60
    individual capacity, manual handing 241, 242
    individual factors 72–4, 73
    induction training 84, 111
    infrared radiation 417, 417
    injury frequency rates 161
    injury/ill-health statistics in isolation
    misconception problem 140–1
    inspections, safety
    active assessment 46
    inspection programme 143–5, 144
    observation techniques 145–6
    reports from 146
    inspectors, powers of
    actions available 20
    HSE and Local Authority responsibilities 19
    HSW Act 1974 enforcement 18–19, 19, 433–4
    insulation, electrical equipment 306
    insurance
    accident costs 7
    Employers’ Liability Compulsory Insurance 7
    insurance companies 28, 49, 87
    Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
    (IPPC)
    control permits 539
    legal framework 437
    principles of prevention 436–7, 540
    regime regulators 436, 436
    scope of protection 443
    interlocking guard 281, 281
    international issues
    control measures contrasted 545
    ILO, role and function 546–8
    occupational accidents and ill health 545, 545–6
    working abroad 549–51, 555–6
    workplace violence 545
    International Labour Organisation (ILO)
    Codes of Practice 547–8, 555
    Conventions and Recommendations 547–8, 555
    health and safety standards 50, 546–8
    ILO-OSH 2001 47
    role and function 546
    internet sources
    privacy issues 589–90
    searching effectively
    authors, institutions and other sources 589
    AutoComplete 589
    capitalisation 589
    common words and punctuation 589
    narrow search using minus sign (-) 588
    plus sign (+), use of 589
    quotation marks for exact phrases 589
    specific file type 589
    suffixes, use of 589
    telephone directories 589
    unique, specific terms 588
    useful websites 590–2
    Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999
    general requirements 487–8
    outline 487
    prior risk assessment 419, 488
    radiation employers 487
    radon levels 414
    self-employed, duties of 487
    working with ionising radiation 487
    health risks
    biological and chemical 358–9, 387–91
    categories 101
    physical and psychological 402–4, 408–10, 414–17
    heaters, fire prevention 333
    heat transmission principles 324–5, 325
    Heinrich’s accidents/incidents ratios 69, 69
    hepatitis 392
    high-voltage apparatus, work permit 121
    Highway Code 228, 533–4
    hoist 252, 252
    hold-to-run controls 283
    home safety
    accidents to older people 553
    domestic and leisure injury risks 551
    facts and figures 552
    preventive measures 552–3
    homeworkers, risk assessment 22
    hot work permit 121, 121
    housekeeping
    fire prevention 328, 331–2
    risk control 108–9, 187, 189
    HSW Act 1974 see Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
    (HSW Act)
    human errors 74, 74–5
    human factors
    accident type and occurrence 69, 69–70
    definition 70
    human failure 74
    human errors 74–5
    violations 75–6
    individual factors 72–4, 73
    job-related 71, 71–2, 72
    organisational 70–1
    I
    improvement notice 19, 433
    incident
    consequences 150–1, 151
    definition 100
    lessons learnt 163
    rate calculation 68, 161
    types of 149, 150
    incident investigation
    accident triangle, limitations of 151–2
    function of 149–50
    immediate causes 155
    incident types and consequences 149–51, 150–1
    initial action 154
    interview techniques 154, 154–5
    investigation form 156
    investigation method 154
    investigation report example 156–7
    levels of 152, 153
    procedures 153–5
    remedial actions 156
    root cause analysis (five whys) 155–6
    standards compliance 155
    underlying and root causes 155
    incident rate 68, 161
    incident recording and reporting
    accident book 157, 157–8
    compensation and insurance issues 162–3,
    167–8
    examples 157
    internal systems 160–1, 161–2Index
    640
    general requirements 246, 488–9
    lifting equipment definition 489
    lifting equipment for lifting persons 489
    lifting operations, organisation of 245–6, 490
    marking of lifting equipment 490
    passenger lifts 252
    positioning and installation 245, 490
    reports and defects 491
    strength and stability 489
    thorough examination and inspection 253–4, 490–1
    lighting
    fire evacuation 348
    workplace environment 180, 180, 180
    Lists of Wastes (England) Regulations 2005 445
    load, manual handling 240, 241
    Local Air Pollution Prevention and Control (LAPPC) 436,
    437
    local authorities
    environmental permitting 439
    health and safety enforcement 5, 5
    inspector responsibilities 18, 19, 322
    pollution prevention and control 436, 436, 437
    local exhaust ventilation (LEV) 374–6, 375
    Löfstedt Report 2011 194–5, 251, 427, 435
    log tongs 243
    lone workers
    radio and pagers 184
    risk assessment 112, 112–13
    safe systems of work 119
    M
    machinery
    dangerous parts, access prevention 263
    fire hazards 332–3
    hazard identification 274–5
    information and instructions 264–5
    maintenance work permits 121–2
    mechanical hazards 275, 275–6
    agricultural/horticultural 278
    construction 279
    manufacturing and maintenance 277–8
    office 277
    retail 278–9
    non-mechanical hazards 276–7
    risk control measures
    adjustable guards 280–1, 281
    fixed guards 279, 280
    general 279
    guard and safety device requirements 290–1
    hold-to-run controls 283
    interlocking guard 281, 281
    jigs, holders and push sticks 283
    trip devices 282, 282
    two-handed control devices 282–3, 283
    safeguard applications
    agricultural/horticultural 286–8, 286–8
    construction 289–90, 289–90
    manufacturing and maintenance 285–6, 285–6
    office 284, 284–5
    retail 288–9
    Magistrates Court
    health and safety offence penalties 20
    powers 8
    maintenance
    work equipment 265–6
    work-related hazards 188
    irritants
    classification 360, 361
    irritant contact dermatitis 366
    ISO 45001 47, 104–9
    isocyanates 389
    isolators 306–7, 307
    J
    jib cranes 250–1
    jigs, holders and push sticks 283
    job
    anti-violence strategies 185
    design considerations 71, 71
    health and safety failures 72, 72
    safety analysis 116
    specific training 84–5
    K
    key performance indicators (KPIs) 54
    L
    ladders 194, 197–8, 198
    Landfill (England and Wales) Regulations 2002 394–5
    lasers 416, 416–17, 418
    Law, sources of (England and Wales)
    common law 11
    relationship to subdivisions of law 11, 12
    statute law 11–12
    lead 389
    Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012
    20
    legal framework
    civil law 8
    criminal law 7–8
    legal requirements, health and safety
    Acts, orders and regulations summarised 430–1
    clients 29–30
    contractors 29–30
    general framework 427
    HSE and Scottish Executive comparison 427–30
    influence on standards 78, 87
    Northern Ireland 430
    orders/regulations summarised, chronological list 431–2
    policies 51
    regulator and industry relations 427
    legal system
    England and Wales 8–10, 9
    European Courts 11
    Scotland 10–11
    Legionnaires’ disease 391–2
    leptospirosis 391
    levels of statutory duty 14–15
    lifting equipment
    cranes 250–2
    hoist 252, 252
    lift plans 249
    operations, organisation of 245–6
    passenger lifts 252–3
    positioning and installation 245
    regulatory requirements 246
    risk assessment example 256
    thorough examination and inspection 253–4
    lifting hooks 243, 257
    Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER)
    1998 (amended 2002)
    application 489Index
    641
    lifting operations, organisation of 245–6
    positioning and installation 245
    mechanical machinery
    hazards 275, 275–9
    risk control measures 279–83, 280–3
    safeguard applications 284–90, 284–90
    Medicines Act 1968 532
    medium-density fibreboard (MDF) 390
    memory (experience) 74
    method statement 33
    MHSWR see Management of Health and Safety at Work
    Regulations 1999
    microwaves 417, 418
    mistakes
    knowledge-based 75
    rule-based 74–5
    mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) 203, 203,
    203–4
    mobile phones 184
    mobile scaffold towers, prefabricated 202, 202–3
    mobile work equipment
    hazards 223, 223
    legislation covering 224–5
    risk control measures 225
    safe driving 226
    monitoring performance see health and safety performance
    measurement
    motivation 73, 73
    musculoskeletal hazards and risk control
    display screen equipment (DSE) 237
    manual handling injuries 238–9, 239
    manually operated load handling equipment 244–54
    work-related upper limb disorders (WRULDs) 235–6
    mutagenic substances 361
    N
    near miss
    definition 3, 100
    investigations 150
    negligence 11–13
    neurotoxins, health risk 365
    night workers, employer responsibilities 22–3
    noise
    control measures
    attenuation of noise levels 407, 407
    ear protection zones 406, 406
    reduced time exposure 406
    reduction at source 406
    ill-health effects
    acute 403
    chronic 403–4
    ear structure 402–3, 403
    measurement
    noise action levels 405, 405–6, 406
    noise levels 404, 404–5
    sound pressure levels (SPL) 404, 404
    personal ear protection 407–8
    regulatory requirements 402
    noise-induced hearing loss 403, 404
    noise levels
    continuous equivalent noise level (Leq) 404
    daily personal exposure level (LEP,d) 405
    exposure action level values 405
    exposure limit value 405
    health surveillance 406
    noise risk assessment 405, 405–6
    Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations
    (MHSWR) 1999 as amended in 2003 and 2006
    capabilities and training 493
    competent assistance 492
    competent persons 77
    cooperation and coordination 493
    effective arrangements 492
    employees’ duties 29, 493
    employers’ duties 28–9, 30, 51
    expectant and new mothers 111, 493
    health surveillance 492
    information for employees 493
    joint occupation of premises 29
    outline 491
    principles of prevention 113–14, 492
    procedures for serious and imminent danger and contact
    with external services 493
    protection of young person’s 111, 493–4
    provisions as to liability 494
    restriction of civil liability for breach of statutory duty 494
    risk assessment requirements 98–9, 427, 491–2
    self-employed, duties of 24
    work equipment, user responsibilities 268–9
    managing directors/chief executives
    health and safety responsibilities 65, 92
    manual handling
    hazards 238, 239
    injuries
    musculoskeletal 238–9, 239
    reducing risk 241–2
    Manual Handling Assessment Chart (MAC) 242
    operations, hierarchy of measures 239–40
    risk assessment
    individual capacity 241
    load 240, 241
    task 240
    working environment 241
    training 242, 243
    Manual Handling Operations Regulations (MHO) 1992 as
    amended in 2002
    employees’ duties 497
    employers’ duties
    avoidance of manual handling 495
    load, additional information 496
    reducing risk of injury 496
    reviewing assessment 496
    risk assessment 496, 496
    flow chart for regulations 495
    individual capacity 496
    operations, hierarchy of measures 239–40
    outline 494–5
    manually operated load handling equipment
    hazards associated with 244–5
    precautions with use 245
    types of 243–4, 257
    material breach 18, 435–6
    material safety data sheets 370, 382
    maximum exposure limit (MEL) 372
    mechanical assistance 244, 244
    mechanical handling and lifting equipment
    conveyors 246, 247
    elevators 246, 248
    fork-lift trucks 246–9, 248, 249, 258, 332–3
    hazard sources 246
    safe use
    general requirements 246Index
    642
    electrical equipment 305
    general 120–1
    high-voltage apparatus 121
    hot work 121, 121
    machinery maintenance 121–2
    work at height 122
    permit-to-work system
    function of 119
    principles 119–20
    procedures 120
    responsibilities of personnel 122–3
    work requiring permits 120–2
    personal protective equipment (PPE)
    ear protection 407–8
    eye protection 380, 380
    hand and skin protection 380, 400
    head protection 194–5
    protective clothing 380–1
    regulatory requirements 377
    risk control 109, 110
    types of 377–8, 378
    respiratory protective equipment (RPE) 378–80, 379
    Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 as
    amended 2002 and 2013
    accommodation 501
    compatibility 501
    head protection provision 195
    information, instruction and training 501–2
    maintenance 501
    principal requirements 377, 500–1
    provision of PPE 501
    risk assessment 501
    use and reporting of defects 502
    Personal Protective Equipment Regulations 2002 532
    photocopier
    hazards 277
    safeguards 284, 284–5
    PLAN (PDCA model) 45, 46, 47, 47–8
    platform trucks 243
    policy statement of intent 45, 51–3
    pollution prevention and control
    air 540–1
    legal framework 436, 437, 539
    regime regulators 436
    water 541, 541
    Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999
    coverage 539
    regime regulators 436, 436
    portable conveyors 244
    portable electrical appliance testing (PAT)
    advantages and limitations 314
    code of practice 314
    combined testing and inspection 312
    formal visual inspection 312
    inspection and testing frequency 313, 313
    records of inspection and testing 313–14
    user checks 312, 312
    portable electric equipment 303
    portable hand-held electric power tools 303, 303
    powered load handling equipment 245–6
    power tools
    hand-held 271, 271–4, 273
    portable hand-held 303, 303, 307
    PPE see personal protective equipment (PPE)
    practicable duty 14, 113
    precautionary statement (hazardous substance) 362, 362
    non-ionising radiation see radiation
    non-mechanical machinery, hazards 276–7
    notice board 78
    notifiable work 33, 33
    Notification of Conventional Tower Crane Regulations 2010
    251–2
    nursing mothers see expectant and new mothers
    O
    observation techniques, safety inspections 145–6
    occupational asthma 388
    occupational exposure limits (OELs) 108, 371–3
    occupational exposure standard (OES) 372
    occupational road safety management
    benefits of 227–8
    cars on company business 231
    occupational road risk 228
    risk assessment
    drivers 228–9
    journey planning 230
    vehicle 229–30
    occupational/work related ill health
    acute effects 101
    categories and statistics 5, 5, 358
    chronic effects 101
    definition 3, 100
    Occupiers Liability Acts 1957 and 1984 532
    Office of Rail Regulation (ORR) 19
    ohms 296
    OHSAS 18001 – 2007 47
    operatives, permit system responsibilities 123
    organic solvents 388
    organisational structure 45
    overhead gantry travelling crane 250, 250–1
    overhead power lines 308–9, 309–10, 459
    oxygen, fire hazard 324, 324
    P
    pallet trucks 244, 244
    passenger lifts 252–3
    peak sound pressure 404
    pedestal drill
    hazards 278
    safeguards 286, 286
    pedestrian hazards
    collision with moving vehicles 188, 190, 191, 222
    control measures, general 190–1
    control measures, specific 189–90
    electronically powered gates 191–2
    falls from work at height 188, 189, 189–90
    slips, trips and falls, same level 186–8, 187, 189
    striking fixed or stationary objects 188, 190
    struck by moving, falling or flying objects 188, 190
    penalties, Health and Safety (Offences) Act 2008 20
    people with special needs
    fire emergencies and procedures 351–2, 352
    legislation 351, 530–1
    risk assessment 112
    voice alarms 341
    perception 73, 73
    performance assessment phase (management system) 46
    performance improvement phase (management system) 45
    performance phase (management system) 46
    performance targets 52–3
    permits to work
    confined spaces 121, 122Index
    643
    non-ionising
    electromagnetic fields (EMFs) 418
    infrared radiation 417, 417
    lasers 416, 416–17
    microwaves 417
    protection strategies 418
    ultraviolet radiation (UV) 415–16
    welding operations 418–19
    Radiation Protection Adviser 418
    radio and pagers 184
    REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and restriction
    of Chemicals) Regulations
    aims 449
    Competent Authority’s responsibilities 448
    European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) registry 449, 450
    preventive strategies 373–4
    registration packages 450
    regulatory procedures 450
    scope and exemptions 449–50
    reactive monitoring
    definition 140
    failure reporting and evaluation 148–9
    performance assessment 46, 48
    reasonably practicable duty 14, 14–15, 113
    reduced low-voltage systems 307, 309
    Regulatory Enforcement and Sanctions Act 2008 539–40
    Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (RRFSO) 319
    additional emergency measures in respect of dangerous
    substances 479
    capabilities and training 480
    cooperation and coordination 480
    elimination or reduction of risk from dangerous substances
    478
    emergency routes and exits 478–9
    enforcement 320–1, 322, 481
    firefighting and fire detection 478
    fire safety duties 319, 320, 477
    general duties of employees at work 480–1
    general fire precautions 319, 477
    Interpretation 476–7
    maintenance 479
    offences and appeals 321, 481–2
    outline 319, 475–6
    premises covered 319
    principles of prevention 477–8
    procedures for serious and imminent danger and danger
    areas 479
    provision of information to employees and others 480
    risk assessment 327–31, 328–9, 477
    safety assistance 479
    Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences
    Regulations (RIDDOR) 2013
    death or serious injury 159
    definitions 100, 507
    incident recording and reporting 158–60
    non-fatal injuries to non-workers 508
    non-fatal injuries to workers 507–8
    outline 506–7
    over 7 day lost time injury 159, 507–8
    recording and record keeping 159–60, 510
    reportable dangerous occurrences 159, 508–10
    reportable gas incidents 159, 510
    reportable occupational disease 159
    reporting and recording procedures 510–11
    reporting of cases of disease and occupational exposure
    510
    pre-construction health and safety information 32, 40–1
    pregnant workers see expectant and new mothers
    premises, controllers of
    duties under HSW Act 1974 17–18, 24, 433
    joint occupation 29
    Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000 (PSSR)
    boilers and air receivers 266, 266–7
    coverage 532–3
    presyncope (loss of consciousness) 196
    prevention, principles of
    control measures 113–14
    legislation 114
    principal contractor
    CDM Regulations 2015 32, 455, 456–7
    safe systems of work 116
    principal designer
    CDM Regulations 2015 31–2, 455–6
    process-related fire precautions 319
    Procurator Fiscal 10–11
    Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste)
    Regulations 1997 394
    prohibition notice 19–20, 433
    protective devices see also guards
    basic requirements 290–1
    hold-to-run controls 283
    jigs, holders and push sticks 283
    trip devices 282, 282
    two-handed control 282–3, 283
    Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER)
    1998
    conformity with Community requirements 503
    control systems 504–5
    dangerous parts of machinery 263, 504
    definitions 502
    duty holders 502
    high or very low temperature 504
    information, instruction and training 283–4, 503
    inspection 266, 503
    isolation from sources of energy 505
    lighting 505
    maintenance operations 505
    maintenance work 121–2, 503
    markings and warnings 505
    mobile work equipment 224–5, 505–6
    power presses 506
    protection against specified hazards 504
    specific risks 503
    stability 505
    training and supervision 284
    work equipment suitability 261, 502–3
    Public Prosecution Service for Northern Ireland (PPSNI) 9
    Q
    qualitative risk assessment 99, 103
    quantitative risk assessment 99, 103
    R
    radiation
    ionising
    components 413–14
    dose limits 414
    health effects 414
    monitoring and health surveillance 419
    protection strategies 417–18
    sources of 414–15, 415
    warning sign 413Index
    644
    safety signs, markings and warning devices 105–7,
    105–7
    substitution 104
    training 108
    ventilation 105, 105
    welfare facilities 108–9
    risk control systems (RCSs)
    audit of 170–1
    effective control 142
    road safety management see occupational road safety
    management
    Road Traffic Acts 1989 and 1991 533–4
    Robens Report 1972 15–16, 62
    roller tracks and chutes 244, 257
    rollover protective structures (ROPS) 225
    roofs, fragile
    hazards and safe working 193–4, 195
    signs 107, 107
    root cause analysis (five whys) 155–6
    routine violation 75
    RRFSO see Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
    RSI (repetitive strain injury) 235
    S
    sack trucks 243, 257
    safe cycling 553–4
    safe light sources 446–7
    safe systems of work 46, 108
    analysis methods 116
    assessment of requirements 116
    communication and training 117
    confined spaces 118–19
    control arrangements 116–17
    definition 115
    development 116–17
    documentation 117
    electrical equipment 305
    legal requirements 115
    lone working 119
    monitoring and review 117–18
    operational features 115, 115
    preparatory checklist 117
    work involving asbestos 135–7
    safety
    accident and ill-health investigations 81
    definition 3
    engineered measures 113
    job/operations analysis 116
    operational measures 113
    representative training, facilities and assistance 81–2
    rules for contractors 35
    safety committees 46, 81
    safety inspection 142–3
    safety committees 46, 81
    safety data sheets 370, 382
    Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) 307
    safety glasses 380, 380
    safety harness 195
    Safety Management System (SMS) Audit 142, 170
    Safety Representatives and Safety Committee Regulations
    1977
    appointment 511
    complaints 512
    employers’ duties 80, 512
    functions 80–1, 82, 511–12
    information 80, 512
    reporting out of hours 160
    responsible person 507
    restrictions on reporting 510
    whom to report to 160
    work-related fatalities 508
    report writing
    effective communication 146–7
    structure 147–8
    representatives of employee safety (ROES) 80, 82, 82–3,
    462–3
    residual current devices (RCDs) 307–8
    residual risk
    definition 4
    risk assessment 103–4
    respirators 378–80, 379
    respiratory protective equipment (RPE)
    forms and selection process 378–9, 379
    hazardous substances 377
    Restrictions of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in
    electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS) 395
    rest rooms and eating facilities 179, 211
    retail stores, slip and trip hazards 189
    RIDDOR see Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous
    Occurrences Regulations
    risk, definition 4, 100
    risk assessment
    cost-benefit analysis 111
    definitions 45, 98, 100–1
    example – hairdressing salon 131–2
    example – office cleaning 133–4
    forms of 99–100
    health risks 101
    legal requirements 98–9
    management of 101–2
    monitoring and review 110–11
    objectives 101
    post-accident 110–11
    practical steps 102, 102–11
    records 110
    risk assessors 102
    special cases 111–13
    workplace inspection exercises 165–6
    risk assessment, practical steps
    groups at risk 103
    hazard identification 102–3
    risk control evaluation 104–9
    risk evaluation 103, 103–4
    risk control
    administrative controls 107–9
    effective 142, 142
    engineering controls 104–5
    hazard elimination 104
    health and safety information 108
    hierarchy of control 104–9
    insulation from hazard 104
    isolation of equipment 104
    isolation/segregation 108
    monitoring and supervision 109
    personal protective equipment (PPE) 109, 110
    principles of prevention 113–14
    prioritisation 110
    ranking system 103, 103
    reduced time exposure 107–8
    review 110–11
    risk assessment findings 110
    safe systems of work 108Index
    645
    in the exam room 563–4
    NEBOSH terminology 563
    planning and revision 563
    learning resources from Open University 559–60
    learning style preferred 562
    memory, how it works 562
    organising for revision 560
    organising information 560, 561, 562
    place to study 558
    reading for study 559
    study plan 558
    taking notes 559
    time management 558–9
    substance misuse 185–6, 186
    substances of very high concern (SVHs)
    REACH Regulations 374, 450
    supervisors
    emergency procedures 124
    health and safety responsibilities 65, 93–4
    health and safety training 85
    supplementary bonding 297
    suppliers
    duties under HSW Act 1974 18, 26
    duties under REACH Regulations 374
    supply chain
    buying problems 26, 26–7
    customer information 25–6
    good management advantages 25, 25–6
    manufacturing and retail businesses 24–5
    Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008
    amended
    manufacturers’ requirements 515
    scope and application 261, 515
    suppliers’ requirements 516
    T
    task, manual handling 240, 241
    Temporary Workers Directive 23
    temporary works
    control measures
    communication and cooperation 206
    evacuation 207
    management and supervision 206–7
    risk assessment 206
    site safety and personal protection 207
    hazards 205
    tenosynovitis 235, 237
    tetanus 391
    threshold shift (hearing)
    permanent 403–4
    temporary 403
    tinnitus 403, 404
    toolbox talks 53, 84
    torts and duties 11–14
    tower cranes 251–2
    toxic substances 360, 361
    trade unions, health and safety standards 80–1, 82,
    87
    training
    asbestos awareness 383, 387
    benefits of 83
    confined spaces 452
    electrical equipment 305
    emergency procedures 125
    first aid courses 127
    induction 84, 111
    inspections 512
    safety committees 512
    safety sampling 143, 170
    safety signs, markings and warning devices
    checklist 107
    colour categories and shapes 105, 105
    electricity 296
    fire safety 106, 106, 348, 348
    flammable gas, liquids and solids 323
    ionising radiation 413
    oxidising agent 324
    warning, mandatory and prohibition 105–6, 105–6
    workplace 105–7, 105–7
    safety survey 142, 170
    safety tour 143, 170
    safe working load (SWL) 250
    sanders 273–4, 273–4
    sanitary conveniences 178, 211
    Scottish Executive and HSE comparisons 427–30
    secondary hazards 303
    security equipment 183, 184
    self-employed, duties of 24, 29, 433
    senior authorised person, permit system responsibilities
    122
    shock, electric 299, 299–300
    signaller 226, 250
    signal words (CLP) 362
    silica 389–90
    Single European Act 1986 15
    site manager, permit system responsibilities 121–2
    situational violations 75–6
    slip hazards
    causes 187, 187
    control measures 189
    slips and lapses (human error) 74
    SMART performance standards 53, 53–4
    performance reviews 173–4
    post-incident action plan 163
    smoke-free legislation 534–5
    smoke spread 325, 326
    smoking
    fire prevention 333
    legislation 328, 328, 534–5
    no smoking signs 106, 107
    Solvents Emissions Directive (SED) 539
    specialists, permit system responsibilities 123
    specialist training 85
    sprinkler installations 345–6, 346
    staircases 189–90
    stakeholders, involvement of
    commercial influence 87–8
    external 49–50
    internal 49
    static electricity 302, 302–3, 340
    statutory duty
    breach of 13–14
    levels 14–15
    stepladders, trestles and staging 198–9, 198–9
    storage and stacking 204–5
    study skills
    blocked thinking 559
    examiners’ reports
    constructive advice 564–5
    marks allocation 565
    exams
    after the exam 564Index
    646
    W
    washing facilities 178, 178, 211
    waste
    controlled waste
    definition 443
    handling and storage 393
    disposal 393–4, 394
    asbestos 387
    electrical and electronic equipment 395, 543, 543
    landfill issues 542–3
    liquid waste 394–5
    duty of care 443–4
    environmental permitting 541–2
    handling and storage
    authorised persons/organisations 443–4, 444
    controlled waste 393
    hazardous waste and spillage 393
    legislative requirements 392–3, 542
    transfer note 444–5
    incineration 543–4
    landfill, IPPC regulations 437
    management 394
    recycling 394
    waste hierarchy 445, 445
    Waste (England and Wales) Regulations, The 2011 446
    Amendment Regulations 2012 525
    application 524
    hazardous waste controls 525
    scope 524
    waste management hierarchy 524–5
    Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive
    395, 395, 543, 543
    waste skips 393–4, 394
    water pollution 541, 541
    Weil’s disease 391
    welding operations 418–19
    welfare issues
    accommodation for clothing and changing facilities 179, 461
    construction projects 210–11, 212, 460–1
    definition 3
    drinking water 178
    facilities 108, 109
    rest rooms and eating facilities 179, 461
    risk control 108–9
    sanitary conveniences and washing facilities 178, 178,
    460–1
    transient sites 211
    wet floor signs 106, 106
    wheelbarrows 243
    whole body vibration (WBV)
    control measures 411–13, 413
    exposure limit value 411
    health risks 409–10, 410
    wiring colours 304, 304
    wood dust 390–1
    woodworking machinery 264, 265, 404
    Work at Height Regulations 2005 as amended 2007
    avoidance of risk 521, 522
    control measures 189, 189–90, 193
    definitions 521
    duties of persons at work 524
    equipment inspection 204, 523–4
    falling objects and danger areas 523
    fragile surfaces 523
    main principles 192–3
    organisational, planning and competence 521
    job-specific 84–5
    manual handling 242, 243
    needs and opportunities 83, 83–4
    related legislation 95
    risk control 108
    safe systems of work 117
    safety representatives 81, 463
    specialist 85
    supervisory and management 85
    work equipment 264–5, 284
    Transport of Dangerous Goods (Safety Adviser) Regulations
    382
    trip devices 282, 282
    tripping hazards
    causes 187, 187
    control measures 189
    trolleys 243–4
    trucks and trolleys 243–4, 257
    two-handed control devices 282–3, 283
    U
    ultraviolet radiation (UV) 415–16, 418
    United Nations Globally Harmonised System (GHS)
    aims and purpose 362, 447–8
    classifications 360, 361, 449
    user checks, portable electrical appliance testing 312
    V
    vehicle movement in workplace
    hazards 222–3, 223
    management and site rules 226–7
    risk control measures 223–4
    ventilation
    hazardous substances 374–6, 375–6
    risk control 105, 105
    workplace 179, 179
    verbal communication 78
    vibration
    control measures 410–13, 411, 413
    health risks
    hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) 408–9, 409, 409
    preventive and precautionary measures 410, 410
    whole body vibration (WBV) 409–10, 410
    health surveillance 413
    regulatory requirements 410–13, 411, 413
    vicarious liability 13
    violations 75–6
    violence at work 181–3
    appropriate actions 185
    assault and threats trends 181
    definitions 182, 183
    effective actions 185
    preventive strategies
    job design 185
    security equipment 183, 184
    service point design 184
    risk assessment 183
    risk evaluation 183–4
    service provision shortfalls 184
    visual inspection, portable electrical equipment 312
    visual perception 73, 73
    voltage
    high 297
    low 297
    mains 296, 297
    volts (v) 296Index
    647
    fragile roofs and surfaces 193–4, 195
    protection against falls 193
    protection from falling objects 194–5
    risk assessment 196–7
    storage and stacking 204–5
    Work at Height Regulations 2005 (amended 2007)
    main principles 192–3
    work activities covered 192
    working days lost 6, 6
    working environment, manual handling 241, 241–2
    Working Time Regulations 1998 as amended 22, 23, 535
    Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 as
    amended in 2002 and 2013
    accident prevention 519–20
    scope and application 518
    welfare provisions 178, 520
    workplace environment 179–80, 518–19
    workplace transport 222, 520
    workplace environment
    doors and windows 181
    floors, stairways and traffic routes 181
    heating and temperature 179–80
    lighting 180, 180, 180
    temperature extremes 181, 181
    ventilation 179, 179
    workstations and seating 180–1
    workplace evacuation, during fire 347–8, 347–53, 350,
    352
    workplace exposure limit (WEL) 371–3, 372, 464
    workplace transport operations
    definition 222
    hazards
    mobile work equipment 223, 223
    vehicle movement 222–3
    management and site rules 226–7
    risk control measures 223–4, 225
    work-related deaths 20
    work-related stress
    cases reported 419
    control measures 420–1
    definition 419–20
    symptoms and causes 420, 420
    work-related upper limb disorders (WRULDs)
    display screen equipment (DSE) 236–8, 237
    ergonomic hazards and impacts 235, 235
    ergonomics, principles and scope of 234–5
    symptoms and risk factors 235, 235–6
    written communication 78–9
    written examinations (specimen)
    constructive advice 568
    GC2 – Control of workplace hazards 570–3, 571–3
    GC3 – practical application
    requirements of practical 573–6
    specimen facility (joinery) 576
    specimen observation sheets (joinery) 581–5
    specimen report (joinery) 577–80
    NCG1 – Management of health and safety 568, 568–70
    Y
    young persons
    regulatory requirements 493–4
    risk assessment 29, 111–13
    places of work at height inspection 524
    requirements for particular work equipment 521–3
    scope and application 520–1
    work activities covered 192
    work equipment, general selection principles 521
    work equipment
    boilers and air receivers 266, 266–7
    CE markings
    limitations 262–3
    requirements 261–2, 261–2
    dangerous parts of machinery, risk control 263
    hand-held power tools 270–4, 271, 273–4
    hand-held tools 269, 269–70
    information and instructions 264–5, 283–4
    abrasive wheel 264–5
    woodworking machinery 264
    inspection under PUWER 266
    machinery, mechanical
    hazard examples 277–9
    hazard identification 274–5
    hazards 275, 275–6
    risk control measures 279–83, 280–3
    safeguard applications 284–90, 284–90
    machinery, non-mechanical
    hazard identification 274–5
    hazards 276–7
    maintenance and inspection 265–7
    operational safety
    emergency stop controls 267–8, 268
    isolation 268
    markings 268
    stability 268
    start controls 267
    stop controls 267
    personal protective equipment (PPE) 284
    potential risks and control measures 260–1
    specific risks 263–4, 264
    suitability, standards and requirements 261–2, 261–3
    training and supervision 264–5, 284
    types of 260
    user responsibilities 268–9
    worker representatives 46, 49
    workers with a disability
    fire emergencies and procedures 351–2, 352
    legislation 351, 530–1
    risk assessment 112
    workforce
    consultation legislation 462–3
    consultation with 79–83, 80, 82
    health and safety management 49
    safe systems of work 116
    standards compliance 86
    working abroad
    general safety advice 550
    risks and assessment 550
    road transport drivers, ILO recommendations 551
    travel advice 550–1, 555–6
    working at height
    access equipment, safe practices 197–203, 198–204
    emergency and rescue procedures 196
    equipment inspection 204
    fall arrest equipment 195, 195–6

كلمة سر فك الضغط : books-world.net
The Unzip Password : books-world.net