Fire Protection – Systems and Response
ROBERT BURKE
Contents
Preface
Author
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
History of Fire Prevention Codes 4
Fire Drills .17
Occupant Evacuation Assistance .18
Standards and Codes Overview .19
Firefighter Knowledge of Fire Protection Systems 20
Requirements for Facility Fire Protection .21
NFPA Codes Overview 23
Fire Prevention Codes Overview .29
Building Codes Overview 29
Recognized Testing Laboratories 30
Underwriters Laboratories Overview .30
UL’s Marks—What They Look Like and What They Mean .30
UL Listing Mark .31
The World of Difference between UL “Listed” and UL
“Recognized” 31
C-UL Listing Mark .32
C-UL US Listing Mark .32
Classification Mark .32
C-UL Classification Mark 33
C-UL US Classification Mark 33
Recognized Component Mark and Canadian Recognized
Component Mark 33
Recognized Component Mark for Canada and the United States 33
Field Evaluated Product Mark 33
Gas-Fired Mark 34
Gas-Fired Marks for Canada 34
UL Verified Performance Mark 34
Factory Mutual Overview 34
FM Global History .35
The Beginning 35
Expansion .35
The Twentieth Century .36
FM Global Today and Tomorrow .37Chapter 2 Arriving on Scene 39
Approaching the Incident Scene 39
Fire Hydrants and Fire Department Connections (FDC) 41
Building Access . 47
Annunciator Panels 59
Areas of Rescue Assistance . 62
Fire Command Center .65
Preparing to Depart the Scene . 75
Chapter 3 Fire Alarm Systems 77
Introduction to Fire Alarm Systems 77
Auxiliary Fire Alarm System . 78
Central Station Fire Alarm System 78
Proprietary Fire Alarm Systems 79
Remote Supervising Station Fire Alarm System .79
Protected Premises Fire Alarm System .79
Municipal Fire Alarm Systems 79
Annunciator Panel and System Devices 79
Fire Alarm Panels 87
Manual Pull Stations 91
False Alarm Protective Covers .92
Smoke Alarms 93
Smoke Detectors 96
Beam Detectors 98
Duct Detectors 99
Carbon Monoxide Detectors 101
Heat Detectors 102
Flame Detectors . 104
Audible Devices . 104
Visual Devices 105
Voice Alarm Systems . 105
Fire Department Communications Systems 108
Firefighter Retransmission Systems . 110
Fire Command Centers 111
False Alarm Reduction 113
Chapter 4 Suppression Systems . 117
Introduction to Suppression Systems . 117
Fire Sprinkler Myths 124
Sprinkler Systems 125Occupancy Classifications . 129
Commodity Classification . 130
Classification of Plastics, Elastomers, and Rubber 130
Types of Sprinkler Heads 130
Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR) Sprinklers 132
Sidewall Sprinklers 132
Temperature Ratings 132
On/Off Sprinklers 132
Sprinkler Piping . 133
Spare Sprinkler Heads 133
Stationary Fire Pumps . 134
Fire Pump Trim 139
Fire Pump Controller . 140
Jockey Pump . 141
Residential Sprinklers 142
Recalled Sprinkler Heads 145
Specialized Suppression Systems 148
Clean Agents 151
Wet Chemical Systems 154
Water Spray Fixed Systems . 156
Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam Systems . 156
Chapter 5 Standpipes/FDC/Water Supplies 157
Introduction to Standpipes and Water Supplies . 157
Water Mains . 159
Fire Hydrants . 162
Static Water Supplies . 168
Fire Department Connection . 169
Standpipes 178
Chapter 6 Portable Fire Extinguishers 191
Introduction to Portable Fire Extinguishers 191
Chemistry of Fire . 194
Fire Extinguisher Classification . 197
Fire Extinguisher Ratings 200
Types of Fire Extinguishers .200
Halogenated Agents .206
Montreal Protocol 208
Halocarbon (Clean) Agents 208
Obsolete Fire Extinguishers and Agents 209
Using Fire Extinguishers . 211
Training 213Chapter 7 Elevators and Controls . 215
Introduction to Elevators 215
Elevator Nomenclature . 217
Types of Elevators 217
Hydraulic Elevators 217
Traction Elevators . 219
Elevator Construction 221
Elevator Machine Room 224
Elevator Recall .225
Elevator Fire Service Function 227
Elevator Emergency Power 236
Battery Lowering Units .238
Fire Alarm Interface 238
Safety Devices . 239
Shunt-Trip .240
Rescue of “Trapped” Occupants 241
Disconnect Power . 241
Elevator Doors 242
Door Restrictors .243
Types of Door Restrictors .244
Door Restrictor Controversy .245
Rescue Team Organization and Training .245
Evacuation Procedures .246
Power Failure 247
Chapter 8 Standby Power and Emergency Lighting .249
Introduction to Standby Power and Emergency Lighting 249
Code Requirements 250
Generators 250
Battery Packs . 252
Fire Command Centers 254
Chapter 9 HVAC, Smoke Control, and Other Building Systems 255
Introduction 255
Duct Detectors . 261
Smoke Dampers . 261
Fire Dampers .262
Smoke Control Systems .263
Stair Pressurization 265
Chlorinated Fluorocarbons (CFC) . 267
NMR and MRI Research Equipment 269
High-Pressure Steam Systems . 271Heating Fuels . 272
Electrical Equipment . 274
Chapter 10 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 277
Fire Alarm System Maintenance and Testing .277
Periodic Tests . 278
Suppression System Maintenance and Testing 278
Standpipes Maintenance and Testing 282
Fire Pump Maintenance and Testing .283
Portable Fire Extinguishers Maintenance and Testing 284
Elevators Maintenance and Testing .286
Generators and Emergency Lighting Units Maintenance and Testing 286
HVAC and Smoke Control Systems Maintenance and Testing .287
References .289
Index
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