Elements of Machine Design

Elements of Machine Design 7 Ed
N. G. Pandya
B.Sc., B.Sc. (Eng.) , Dr. lng. (Germany), F.I.E. (India), V.D.I .
Member
, American Society for Engineering Education
Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya
AND
C. S. Shah
B.Sc. (Eng.), Dr. Ing. (Germany), F.I.E. ( India)
Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya
{ Engineering College )
VALLABH VIDYANAGAR (ANAND)
ELEMENTS OF MACHINE DESIGN
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION AND THEIR
PROPERTIES
Introduction

• General consideration – Structure of
  materials – Mechanical properties of materials of construction
• Determination of mechanical properties –
  Fabrication characteristics and processes of fabrication –
  Non-ferrous metals and alloys – Available sizes –
  Accuracy – Finishing processes – Non-metallic materials
• Plastics – Examples I
  CHAPTER 11
  PAGES
  1-62
  DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN MACHINE PARTS
  Strain – Stress-Strain diagram:
  Modulus of Elasticity – Poisson’s ratio – Modulus of
  rigidity — Bulk modulus – Basic requirements of the
  machine elements – Factor of safety: Selection of allowable stresses – Procedure for designing a machine
  element
• Tensile stress – Compressive stress – Shearing
  stress
• Bearing pressure intensity – Bending – Shear stresses in abeam – Torsion – Eccentric loading – Combined
  stresses: Bending combined with direct stress – Offset
  connecting links and C shaped frames – Shearing combined with tensile and compressive stresses – Theories of
  elastic failure – Designing for impact loads – Stress
  concentration – Notch sensitivity – – Effect of repeated
  application of load – Fluctuating stress for ductile materials
• Light weight and minimum dimensions – Elastic
  matching – Temperature stress – Examples II .
  CHAPTER III
  Loads Stress
  63-165
  CYLINDERS, TANKS AND PIPES
  Introduction
• Types of vessels – Design of thin cylinders
• Design of thin spherical shell – Cylindrical shell
  with hemispherical ends – – Design of pipes – Design of
  thick cylinders – Design equation for thick cylinder –
  Examples III . . 166-195X CONTENTS
  CHAPTER IV
  RIVETED JOINTS
  Introduction
• Rivets – Rivet heads – Types of riveted
  joints – Caulking and fullering – Design of a riveted joint
  for boiler work
• Efficiency of a riveted joint – Joints for
  storage tanks – Lozenge joint – Eccentric loads on riveted
  connections
• Examples IV . . 196-237
  CHAPTER V
  BOLTS, NUTS AND SCREWS
  Introduction
• Definitions – Forms of screw threads –
  Advantages of square threads over V threads – Screw
  fastenings – Locking devices for nuts – Washers – Eye
  bolt – Efficiency of threads – Stresses in screw fastenings – Initial stresses – Stress due to external forces –
  Stresses due to combined load – Bolts of uniform
  strength – Screwed boiler stays – Bolts subject to
  shear – Bolts under eccentric loading – Design of a
  nut – Power transmitting capacity of set screws –
  Examples V . 238-281
  CHAPTER VI
  COTTER AND KNUCKLE JOINTS
  Introduction Design of cottered joints – Gib and cotter
• Connection of piston rod to crosshead – Cotter foundation bolts – Design of a knuckle joint: Introduction – Joint
  of suspension links – Design of a coupler or turnbucklc –
  Examples VI . 282-315
  CHAPTER VII
  SHAFTS, KEYS AND COUPLINGS
  Introduction – Materials and design stresses – Design of
  axles
• Design of shafts on the basis of strength – – Design
  of shaft on the basis of rigidity – Design of hollow and
  square shafts – Forms of keys – Keys – Design of sunk
  keys – Effect of keyways in sunk keys – Taper pin –
  Feather keys – Force and shrink fits – Couplings:
  Introduction Sleeve coupling or muff coupling – CONTENTS xi
  Clamp or compression coupling – Flange coupling –
  Marine type of flange coupling – Flexible coupling –
  Bushed pin type of flexible coupling – Bibby type of
  flexible coupling – Leather pad type flexible coupling –
  Oldham’s coupling – Universal coupling – Safety
  coupling – Examples VII
  CHAPTER VIII
  . 316-395
  SPRINGS
  Introduction
• Close coiled helical spring subjected to
  axial loading: circular wire – Helical springs of noncircular wire
• Concentric helical springs – General
  considerations in design of compression and tension springs
• Torsion helical springs – Spiral springs – Leaf springs
• – Belleville springs – Energy storage capacity –
  Examples VIII
  CHAPTER IX
  . 396-442
  BEARINGS
  Classification – Bearing area – Sliding bearings: Solid
  journal bearings – Divided journal bearing: Plummer
  block
• Lubrication methods – Oil Grooving – Heating
  of bearings – Design procedure for journal bearings – *
  Bearing materials – Design of bearing caps and bolts –
  Foot step or pivot bearings – Collar bearings – Antifriction bearings – – Radial ball bearings – Roller bearings – Selection of ball and roller bearings – Bearing
  load
• Equivalent bearing load – Carrying capacity and
  life
• Relationship between load and life – Requisite
  bearing life for different types of machines – Life of
  Timken Bearings – Influence of high temperature on
  load carrying capacity – Friction in rolling bearings –
  Comparison of sleeve and rolling bearings –
  Examples IX .
  CHAPTER X
  . 443-502
  STRUTS AND COLUMNS
  Introduction – Euler’s formula – End fixity coefficients
  Radius of gyration and plane of bending – Rankine’s
  formula – Telmajer’s formula Design of push rods
  Eccentrically loaded columns – Examples X . 503- 527xii CONTENTS
  CHAPTER XI
  POWER SCREWS
  Introduction – Form of threads – Force analysis –
  Design of a screw – Design of a nut – Compound screw
• Differential screw – Ball screws – Examples XI
  CHAPTER XII
  . 528-567
  LEVERS
  Introduction
• General procedure for design of levers –
  Hand lever
• Foot lever – Cranked lever – Lever of a
  safety valve – Rocker arm for Diesel engines (Straight
  arm) – Angular levers – Design of an overhung
  crank
• Design of a crank pin (overhung crank ) – Miscellaneous Examples – Examples XII
  CHAPTER XIII
  . 568-618
  BRACKETS
  Brackets – Hangers – Wall box – Design considerations
• Examples XIII . 619-633
  CHAPTER XIV
  BELTS, PULLEYS AND CHAIN DRIVES
  Introduction – Materials for belts – Design of a belt –
  Design procedure for flat belts – V belt drive – Design of
  V flat drives – Pulleys: Materials and types – Cast
  iron pulleys – Design of a cast iron pulley – Steel pulleys
• Wooden pulleys -Tight and loose pulleys – Speed cone
• Short centre drive: Gravity idlers – Special tension
  adjusting belt drive – Chain Drives: Introduction –
  Roller chains – Design of Chain Drives – Examples XIV 634-630
  CHAPTER XV
  FLYWHEELS
  Introduction – Determination of a weight of a flywheel
  for given coeflicicnt of fluctuation of speed – Flywheel for
  punches ancT shear – Engine flywheels – Flywheel for
  Electric generators – Stresses in a rim of a flywheel –
  Design of a hub – Arms of a flywheel – Examples XV . 681-706CONTENTS xiii
  CHAPTER XVI
  GEARS
  Introduction
  terminology – Gear tooth forms – Accuracy of gears –
  Materials – Allowable stresses – Design considerations
• Strength of gear teeth: Lewis equation – Dynamic
  tooth load – Design for wear – Gear wheel proportions
• Internal gears – Racks – Design of helical gears:
  Introduction – Proportions for helical gears – Design of
  helical gear teeth – Herringbone gears – Rating of
  machine cut spur and helical gears – Design of bevel gears:
  Introduction – Definitions – Strength of bevel gear
  teeth – Constructional details – – Bearing loads – Design
  of worm gear: Introduction – Worm gear nomenclature
• Strength of worm gear teeth – Bearing loads on the
  shafts – Examples XVI
  General characteristics
• Spur gear
  . 707-795
  CHAPTER XVII
  WELDED CONNECTIONS
  Introduction – Welding processes – Types of welded
  joints – Working stresses in welds – Strength of welds
• Special cases of fillet welds – Eccentric load on
  welded connections – Design procedure recommended
  by American Welding Society – Fillet welds under
  varying loads – Examples XVII . . 796-821
  CHAPTER XVIII
  DESIGN OF MISCELLANEOUS MACHINE PARTS-I
  ENGINES AND BOILERS
  Design of flat plates – Design of a piston for I.C. Engines
• Design of crossheads – Design of connecting rods –
  Design of crankshafts – Design of a spring-loaded Hartnell
  governor – Design of an eccentric – Compensating ring
  for a manhole – Design of safety valves for boilers
• Design of a steam stop valve – Design of tangent
  cams
• Design of a valve gear for I.C. Engines –
  Examples XVIII . 822-943XIV CONTENTS
  CHAPTER XIX
  DESIGN OF MISCELLANEOUS MACHINE PARTS-II
  BRAKES AND CLUTCHES
  Hoisting equipments – Design of hoisting chains and
  drums – Design of a hoisting rope – Design of wire ropes –
  Stresses in curved beams
• Design of a crane hook
  Brakes: Introduction – Types of Brakes – Design
  procedure for block brakes – Band brakes: Introduction – Design procedure for band brakes – Clutches:
  Introduction
• Design procedure for clutches –
  Examples XIX 944-1006
  CHAPTER XX
  INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS
  (S. I. SYSTEM)
  Introduction – Units – Prefixes for Multiples and submultiples of units – Relation between the units of S.I. and
  MKS Systems – Illustrative examples – Examples XX 1007-1022
  CHAPTER XXI
  DESIGN PROJECTS
  Introduction Hand operated bench press – Reduction
  Gear – Project Exercises 1023-1044
  APPENDIX I TO XV
  List of Indian Standards: “Testing of Materials” – Indian
  Standard referred in the text – Preferred Numbers (Rounded values) – Properties of geometrical sections – Deflection formulas for machine parts – Metric threads –
  Common sizes of transmission shafts dimensions in mm –
  Imperial or Legal Standard Wire Gauge – Sizes of pulleys
  for flat and V belts – Width of flat cast iron and steel
  pulleys – Service factors for belt drive –
  Load carrying capacity of V belts – Worm data – Basic thickness of sheet and diameters of wire in millimetres 1045-1054

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