Elementary Engineering Fracture Mechanics

Elementary Engineering Fracture Mechanics
DAVID BROEK
Contents
Preface to the first edition
Preface to the second edition
Preface to the third edition
Part I PRINCIPLES
Chapter 1
Summary of basic problems and concepts
1.1 Introduction
1.2 A crack in a structure
1.3 The stress at a crack tip
1.4 The Griffith criterion
1.5 The crack opening displacement criterion
1.6 Crack propagation
1.7 Closure
Chapter 2
Mechanisms of fracture and crack growth
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Cleavage fracture
2.3 Ductile fracture
2.4 Fatigue cracking
2.5 Environment assisted cracking
2.6 Service failure analysis
vContents
Chapter 3
The elastic crack-tip stress field 67
3.1 The Airy stress function 67
3.2 Complex stress functions 68
3.3 Solution to crack problems 69
3.4 The effect of finite size 73
3.5 Special cases 77
3.6 Elliptical cracks 80
3.7 Some useful expressions 86
Chapter 4
The crack tip plastic zone 91
4.1 The Irwin plastic zone correction 91
4.2 The Dugdale approach 94
4.3 The shape of the plastic zone 96
4.4 Plane stress versus plane strain 101
4.5 Plastic constraint factor 105
4.6 The thickness effect 107
Chapter 5
The energy principle 115
5.1 The energy release rate 115
5.2 The criterion for crack growth 119
5.3 The crack resistance (R curve) 122
5.4 Compliance 127
5.5 The J integral 131
5.6 Tearing modulus 136
5.7 Stability 137
VIChapter 6
Dynamics and crack arrest
6.1 Crack speed and kinetic energy
6.2 The dynamic stress intensity and
elastic energy release rate
6.3 Crack branching
6.4 The principles of crack arrest
6.5 Crack arrest in practice
6.6 Dynamic fracture toughness
Chapter 7
Plane strain fracture toughness
7.1 The standard test
7.2 Size requirements
7.3 Non-linearity
7.4 Applicability
Chapter 8
Plane stress and transitional behaviour
8.1 Introduction
8.2 An engineering concept of plane stress
8.3 The R curve concept
8.4 The thickness effect
8.5 Plane stress testing
8.6 Closure
Contents
VIIContents
Chapter 9
Elastic-plastic fracture
9.1 Fracture beyond general yield
9.2 The crack tip opening displacement
9.3 The possible use of the CTOD criterion
9.4 Experimental determination of CTOd
9.5 Parameters affecting the critical CTOD
9.6 Limitations, fracture at general yield
9.7 Use of the 1 integral
9.8 Limitations of the 1 integral
9.9 Measurement of lIe and h
9.10 Closure
Chapter 10
Fatigue crack propagation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Crack growth and the stress intensity factor
10.3 Factors affecting crack propagation
10.4 Variable amplitude service loading
10.5 Retardation models
10.6 Similitude
10.7 Small cracks
10.8 Closure
Chapter 11
Fracture resistance of materials
11.1 Fracture criteria
11.2 Fatigue cracking criteria
11.3 The effect of alloying and second phase particles
11.4 Effect of processing, anisotropy
11.5 Effect of temperature
11.6 Closure
311Contents
Part II APPLICATIONS
Chapter 12
Fail-safety and damage tolerance 317
12.1 Introduction 317
12.2 Means to provide fail-safety 318
12.3 Required information for fracture mechanics approach 323
12.4 Closure 326
Chapter 13
Determination of stress intensity factors
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Analytical and numerical methods
13.3 Finite element methods
13.4 Experimental methods
Chapter 14
Practical problems
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Through cracks emanating from holes
14.3 Corner cracks at holes
14.4 Cracks approaching holes
14.5 Combined loading
14.6 Fatigue crack growth under mixed mode loading
14.7 Biaxialloading
14.8 Fracture toughness of weldments
14.9 Service failure analysis
IXContents
Chapter 15
Fracture of structures
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Pressure vessels and pipelines
15.3 “Leak-before-break” criterion
15.4 Material selection
15.5 The use of the J integral for structural analysis
15.6 Collapse analysis
15.7 Accuracy of fracture calculations
Chapter 16
Stiffened sheet structures 408
16.1 Introduction 408
16.2 Analysis 409
16.3 Fatigue crack propagation 413
16.4 Residual strength 415
16.5 The R curve and the residual strength of stiffened panels 422
16.6 Other analysis methods 425
16.7 Crack arrest 427
16.8 Closure 431
Chapter 17
Prediction of fatigue crack growth
17.1 Introduction
17.2 The load spectrum
17.3 Approximation of the stress spectrum
17.4 Generation of a stress history
17.5 Crack growth integration
17.6 Accuracy of predictions
17.7 Safety factors
Author index
Subject
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