Drawing for Engineering

Drawing for Engineering
Paul Smith
Table of contents
Unit 1 Drawing eqalpmant .
Study Objectives I
1 Ifltradudioh
3 Drawing equipment . ‘H M M M P + + I
2.1 Drawing paper and its application *
8JZ Drawing board and its application
3.3 T-square .
3*4 Set squares or triangles and their application
Masking tape . ,
2.6 Pencils and their application
3*7 Eraser (rubber)
3*6 Erasing shield ,
2*9 Adjustable compass or large bow and its application
3*10 Sandpaper pad or file or brush
3*13 Other instrumanta
2.13 Scale rulers (metric)
3 Essential dofs and don 1ta of neatness id drawing
4 Summary.
Self-evaluation
Answers
Unit 3 Application of the alphabet of lines
Study objectives ,
1 Introduction
3 Application of the alphabet of lines
2.1 Outturn or object lines (line type A)
2*3 Centre linn (line type Gl)
2*3 Dimension lines (line type B2)
3*4 Extension lines for dimenaiQns (line type B3) 34
2*6 Leader lines (line type B4) .
2*8 Construction lines (lino type BB1)
7 Projection lines (line type B) . . . * . .
3*
8 Guide lines (line type BB2)
ivnani :enaDrawing for Engineering
ZJ Dashed linea to show hidden detail fHidHpn detail
lines) (line types E and F)
3*10 Hatchad linea or accticm lines (line type B5) . . . –
26
ft. « p S”H i i ii Sn r B 21
2.11 Other lines .
3 Summary
Self -evaluation
Unit 3 Lettering, figuring nd dAmerurfonlng
Study objectives . , . ,
32
32
1 Introduction 32
2 Lettering, figuring and dimensioning in drawing 33
2.1 Preparation of tho drawing sheet . . 3 ii – + – 33
3Jt Letteri nir and figuring 34
BJI Positions of the title and wjik rriativc to Mfh ntlwp 35
B -4 Positioning of the title and scale on the drawing sheet 36
3.5 Dimensioning cm a working drawing
2.6 Different types of dimensions on a working drawing
Self-evaluation
AnaiMTfl . . .
53
SG
Unit 4 Freehand sketching
Study objectives
1 Introduction. . . ..
3 Real-life (Geld) sketching and design sketching
3 Freehand akctching
3, 1 Sketching horizontal linea GO
3.2 Sketching vertical lines 6 0
3.3 Sketching aJanted UIMS.. .. …. …. . .. .. .. .. .. ..
3.4 Sketching curved figures and geometric shapes
3.6 Sketching irregular shapes
3.6 Isometric sketching
3.7 Oblique sketching
4 Summary
Self-evaluation .
IV nan rialTable of contents
I Init fi C^nriHtnirtinTiM m
Study objectives. , . , 80
1 Tntwductifln 80
2 Geometrical constructions , . .
2.1 Bisecting lines and angles…
2.2 Perpendiculars
2×3 Parallel lines
2.4 Setting out angles with the aid of set squares 86
2JS Hexagons fSix-sided figures) – ,
2.6 Octagons [Eight-sided figures)
2.7 Joining straight lines with arcs using a compass
2 x8 An ellipse
3 Summary
Self-evaluation
Unit 6 Layout of drawings
Study objectives. . . .
1 Introduction ..
2 Layout of drawings
2»I Firat-ande orthographic projection 103
– 1 ! – r ! – -t- – 4 = H
2×2 Third-angle orthographic projection
2.3 Projecting a third view
2.4 Drawing step-method for laying nut drawings
2<5 I&ometric drawings
2×6 Oblique drawings
2.7 Projections of prisms and pyramids
2.8 Developments
2.9 Interpenetrationa
3 Summary
Self-evaluation
Answers
127
Unit 7 Sectioning
Study objectives
1 Introduction
2 Sectioning
2×1 Terminology
2×2 Sectional cutting planes
2.3 Various aspects of sectioning .
2×4 How to draw a sectional view
3×6 Sectional detail drawings
nan V naDrawing for Engineering
B Summary H2
Self-evaluation
Answers
Unit S Conventional representations . . .
Study objectives
1 Introduction ,
2 Holes and fasteners ,
2.1 Representation of a drilled bole
2,3 Representation of a tapped hole (threaded hole) 146
2.3 Construction of a hexagonal nut
2.4 Representation of a hexagonal head bolt
2.0 Representation of a stud
2.6 Representation of a stud assembly
3 Springs
3.1 Representation of Bpringfl. . . . . .
4 Breaks
0 Welded joints *
0,1 Types of welded joints
5*2 Representation of welds
5*3 Supplementary symbols
6 Summary
Unit 9 Fasteners . * . . 161
. . , . 161
. . . . 161
. . . 161
– B !* = J
Study objectives .
1 Introduction . . . .
2 Types of threaded fasteners
2.1 Bolt heads
2.2 Screw heads
ft Tanki ng devices , .
4 Riveted joints
4*1 Single or double rivet iointfl 163
5 Summary . r 4 i 170
f 4 P 1 – m + * *• * *• * h m *
Self-evaluation
Answers
Unit IQ Assembly drawings . 173
Study objectives 73
I Introduction 173
a Hatching sectional drawings . , , m y m . 174
VI nani naiTsbfe of contents
3 Sections of sectional drawings 174
4 A typical assembly drawing p w P » * + e m 178
B Item numhein ISO
6 Farts list
7 How to start an assembly drawing
8 Summary
Self-evaluation
Answers
Unit 11 Pipe drawings {chemical)
Study objectives ,
Introduction 189
2 Kinds of piping. . „ P 189
3 Pipe joints and fittings 190
4 Pipe drawings
3 Pipe drawing symbols
192
194
6 Summary
Self-evaluation
Answers
B B> » B 196
197
197
Appendix Tecnu, abbreviations and symbol*
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