CNC Trade Secrets – A Guide to CNC Machine Shop Practices
CNC Trade Secrets – A Guide to CNC Machine Shop Practices
James A. Harvey
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction xi
Chapter 1 Proper Planning 1
Chapter 2 Get a Grip 13
Chapter 3 Avoiding Crashes 25
Chapter 4 Chamfering and Edge Dressing 37
Chapter 5 More Help for Engineers 43
Chapter 6 Becoming Familiar with CAD 53
Chapter 7 Becoming Familiar with CAM 69
Chapter 8 Becoming Familiar with Code 85
Chapter 9 Fire Up a Machine 117
Chapter 10 Odds and Ends 129
Index
2-4-6 blocks 14, 15
3D, cutting 39–40, 109, 110
3D, milling 5, 137
3D, moves 108
3D, printing 130
absolute mode 88
adapter plate 55–63, 72–73, 86, 105–106,
108
air nozzle 140
angles 50, 110, 111
arcs 102–103
assemblies 66
ATC FWD 120
ATC REV 120
automatic tool change 120
Axis Features 74
Backside 6
ball nose, end mill 39, 41, 83, 134
blocks, 2-4-6 blocks 14, 15
bolts 30–31, 65, 79
Boss 75
Boss Extrude 60
Brackets 48
broken taps 32
burrs 17, 131
CAD 5,6, 45, 53–67, 131
CAM 10, 32, 69–84, 110
CamWorks 71–84
canned cycles 92, 93, 95–97
carbide 131
carousel 120
cavities 54, 70, 83
center drill 77, 92, 93, 138
chamfering 37–42
chamfers 47, 49
chips 38, 78, 140
circles 61
circular impellers 142
circular interpolation 102, 103
clamps, Kant-Twist 19
clamps, tie-down 30–31
clearance 38
clearance plane 96
CNC, machines 1, 117–127
code 85–115
codes, safety 88
Command Manager 58
compensation 100–101
computer aided design, see CAD
computer aided manufacturing, see CAM
contact area 4
controller 118–119
coolant 78, 91, 93, 131, 140
corners 47, 48, 63–64
counter bored holes 62, 80
countersinking 50, 137–139
crashes 25–35
Cut Extrude 60, 62
cutters 32, 73, 106, 135
cutting 28, 71, 111, 133, 141
arcs 102–103
diameters 110
parameters 76–82
perimeter 15
time 82
Cycle Start 28, 123
cylindrical parts 20, 21
D9 98, 101
Debugging 28
Delrin® 103, 132
Depth 39
depth of cut 103
design 44, 49
diameters 61, 91, 110
diamond 64
dimension 60–61, 63
145
IndexDOC 103
dog leg parts 19
dowel pins 79
drawings 46–48
drilling 14, 15, 65, 76–79, 80, 92
dwell command 104
edge dressing 37–42
edge drilling 14
edges 17
editing, programs 33
EDM 47
Emergency Stop 32
End 123
end mill 7, 34, 39, 80, 81, 83, 97, 99,
101, 107, 110, 132, 134, 137
end of block 122
engraving 134
EOB 122
Erase Prog 121
Errors 26
excess material 105
extra parts 10
extrude 60, 62
F3 92
F42 100
Features 72
Features Tree 63, 75
Feed Hold 28, 32
feed rates 27, 96, 103
files 80
fillets 41, 47
Finish 75
finishing cuts 112
fixtures 15, 16
flat bottomed holes 47
Front Plane 59
G0 89, 91
G00 28
G1 97-98
G3 102
G40 103
G41 98, 100, 101
G42 101
G43 91
G54 88, 90, 94, 106, 136
G80 93, 94
G81 92
G83 94, 95
G84 32, 95
G85 97
G90 88
G98 92, 94
G-codes 71,83, 85–115
Gears 142
Gemstone 64
geometry register 101
grinding, vise 19, 140
H1 91
Handle Jog 26, 124, 125
helical gear 142
hog nose, end mill 39, 41, 111–112, 137
holding 14, 20, 22
Hole Wizard 62, 63
holes 47, 50, 137
bolt 79
counter bored 62
creating 61–63
cutting 71
drilling 15, 76–77, 92
features 74–75
pilot 30, 78, 97
tapped 63, 96
thru 78
vent pin 70
Home 123
I values 102
Impellors 142
indexing features 66
inside radius 39
interference 32
interpolation 102
isometric view 60
146
I N D E XJ values 102
Jamming 34
Jog Lock 125
keyway slots 133, 141
locating 61, 92, 93
long jaws 19-20
long parts 7
long tools 33
M09 94
M1 29
M3 89
M30 103
M4 89
M6 88
M8 91
M9 93
Machine Zero 90
machines, CNC 117–127
machining 55
machinists 44
manual data input 120
matched vises 7
materials, warpage 9
M-codes 86, 122
MDI 120–122
milling 71, 104, 137
3D 5
machines 16
standard 14
vises 17
mirrored parts 136
model 2, 56, 58, 63, 64, 71
modeling 55, 59
mold cavities 54, 70, 83
mold release 130
mounting, cutters 32
mounting fixture 15
Multi-Axis Features 74
negative rake end mills 132
neutral rake end mill 137
offset 39, 90, 91, 105
operations 72, 76
Optional Stop 29
override buttons 89
Page Up 123
parallel surfaces 49
parameters 76–82
parts
cylindrical 20
description 87
dog leg 19
extra 10
long 7
mirrored 136
setup 73
stocky 9
tall 33
vibration 143
peck drilling 94–97
percent sign 87
perimeter 40, 74, 80,81, 97
cutting 15
perishable, vise jaws 22
pilot holes 30, 78, 97
pin holes 70
planning 111
plastic material 21
plastics 21
plate, adapter 55–63
pockets 47
post processing 83, 88, 97
Power On 119
printing 130
programming 55, 72, 86
end 103
programs 15
number 87
sample 87
scan 26
pyramid 64
R.1 92, 94
R.3 96
147
I N D E Xradii 47–49, 63–64
radius tool 41
rake end mills 132, 137
rapid command 89
rapid plane 91, 93
Rapid speed 28
reamer 27, 78, 97
remnants 29, 34
Reset 32
Restart 119
rigidity 5
roughing 110, 111
RS-274-D 86
safety codes 88
saving 80
scan 26–27
Scotch Brite® 130
Semicolon 122
settings, computer 10
setups parts 73
setups 17, 18, 28, 74–75, 88, 107, 140
shop personnel 44, 50
side mill 7–8
silicone mold release 130
simulation 32, 82
slots 141
solid models 64
SolidWorks® 54–66, 72
spade drill 65
spindles 91, 96, 97, 103, 121, 124, 133
spindle speeds 27, 89, 121, 123
squaring, material 7
stability 18
starting point 88–90
stocky parts 9
surfaces 49
switches 86, 122
T1 88
tall parts 33
tap, broken 32
tapped holes 63, 80, 81, 96
tapping 95
templates 48
thickness 105
thru holes 78
tie-down clamps 30-31
tilted part 71
tolerance 10, 45, 98
tool change 29, 120
tool holder 119–120
tool length 91, 105
tool numbering 27, 88
tool path 99, 101
tool positioning
86
toolpaths 73, 81
tools 76–82, 94
trial run 10
Up to Face 74
utilities 72
V-blocks 20, 21
vent pin holes 70
vibration 143
vises 6, 14
grinding 19
jaws 4, 20–22
long jaws 19
matched 7
milling 16–17
visualizing 5
warpage 9
wear register 100, 101
windows 4
Work Offset Screen 90
Write/Enter 122
Z 34
Z negative, errors 26
Z1
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