Chemical Resistance of Thermoplastics

Chemical Resistance of Thermoplastics
Edited by
William Andrew Woishnis and Sina Ebnesajjad
Table of contents
Dedication
Material Index
Preface
In Preparation: Chemical Resistance of Specialty Thermoplastics
How To Use This Book
Abbreviations
Introduction to Plastics and Elastomers
1.1. Plastics and Polymers
1.2. Testing of Plastics
1.3. Selection Guides
Effect of Chemicals on Plastics and Elastomers
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Effect of Chemicals on Plastics and Elastomers
2.3. Chemical Reaction or Degradation Mechanisms
2.4. Physical Mechanism
2.5. Permeation of Chemicals through Plastics and Elastomers
2.6. Methods for Determination of Chemical Resistance of Plastics
2.7. Methods for Determination of Chemical Resistance of Rubbers and Elastomers

3. Cellulosics Polymers
   3.1. Cellulose Acetate
   3.2. Cellulose Acetate Butyrate (CAB)
   3.3. Cellulose Propionate
4. Ionomers
   4.1. Ionomer
5. Polyethylene, MDPE
   8.1. Polyethylene, MDPE
6. Other Olefinic Polymers
   10.1. Fluorinated Polyethylene (FPE)
   10.2. Polycycloolefin
   10.3. Polyethylene
   10.4. Polyethylene, Copolymer
   10.5. Polyethylene, Starch Modified LDPE
   10.6. Polymethylpentene (PMP)
7. Acetal, Copolymer (POM Copolymer)
   11.1. Acetal, Copolymer (POM Copolymer)
8. Nylon 11 (PA 11)
   13.1. Nylon 11 (PA 11)
9. Nylon 46 (PA 46)
   15.1. Nylon 46 (PA 46)
10. Nylon 610 (PA 610)
    17.1. Nylon 610 (PA 610)
11. Nylon 612 (PA 612)
    18.1. Nylon 612 (PA 612)
12. Nylon, amorphous (PA, amorphous)
    20.1. Nylon, amorphous (PA, amorphous)
13. PoIycaprolactones
    21.1. PoIycaprolactone
14. Polyamide, Nylon
    22.1. Polyamide, Nylon
15. Other Polyamides
    23.1. Polyamide
    23.2. Polyamide, Nylon 6, Copolymer
    23.3. Polyamide, Nylon 6, Modified
    23.4. Polyamide, Nylon MXD6 (PA MXD6)
    23.5. Polyamide, Nylon, Copolymer
    23.6. Polyamide, Nylon, Modified
16. Other PoIyesters
    26.1. PoIyethylene Glycol (PEG)
    26.2. Polyester (PCT)
    26.3. Polyester (PCTG)
    26.4. Polyester (PETG)
17. Polyurethanes
    27.1. Polyurethane
    27.2. Rigid Thermoplastic Urethane (RTPU)
18. Vinyl Polymers
    33.1. Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (EVOH)
    33.2. Polyvinyl Alcohol Copolymer
    33.3. Polyvinyl Butyral
    CAS Registry Numbers – Chemical Sort
    CAS Registry Numbers – Numeric Sort
    Material Index
    ABS 2687
    Acetal . 1704
    Acetal, Copolymer (POM Copolymer) 1652
    Acetal, Homopolymer (POM Homopolymer) . 1788
    Acrylic 0001
    Acrylonitrile Methyl Acrylate (AMA) 0107
    Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA) . 0139
    Aromatic Polyester Estercarbonate (AEC) 2430
    Bisphenol A Polycarbonate (Bisphenol A PC) . 2431
    Cellulose Acetate 0168
    Cellulose Acetate Butyrate (CAB) . 0179
    Cellulose Propionate . 0194
    Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (EVOH) . 3301
    Fluorinated Polyethylene (FPE) . 1625
    Ionomer . 0198
    Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) 0233
    Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) . 0387
    Methyl Methacrylate Terpolymer 0079
    MMA Butadiene Styrene (MBS) . 0080
    Nylon 11 (PA 11) . 1797
    Nylon 12 (PA 12) . 1813
    Nylon 46 (PA 46) . 1875
    Nylon 6 (PA 6) . 1898
    Nylon 610 (PA 610) . 2009
    Nylon 612 (PA 612) . 2029
    Nylon 66 (PA 66) . 2052
    Nylon, amorphous (PA, amorphous) 2332
    Polyamide 2418
    Polyamide, Nylon 2380
    Polyamide, Nylon 6, Copolymer . 2420
    Polyamide, Nylon 6, Modified 2422
    Polyamide, Nylon MXD6 (PA MXD6) 2426
    Polyamide, Nylon, Copolymer 2427
    Polyamide, Nylon, Modified . 2428
    Polycaprolactones . 2357
    Polycarbonate . 2434
    Polycarbonate Copolymer (PC Copolymer) 2556
    Polycycloolefin . 1626
    Polyester, PET 2558
    Polyester (PCT) 2649
    Polyester (PCTG) . 2650
    Polyester (PETG) 2655
    Polyethylene 1628
    Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) . 2641
    Polyethylene, Copolymer 1636
    Polyethylene, HDPE . 0582
    Polyethylene, MDPE 1296
    Polyethylene, Starch Modified LDPE 1637
    Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) . 0081
    Polymethylpentene (PMP) 1637
    Polypropylene . 1318
    Polypropylene Copolymer . 1614
    Polypropylene Homopolymer . 1618Polypropylene, Expandable . 1623
    Polystyrene (PS) 3009
    Polystyrene, Impact (IPS) 3102
    Polyurethane . 2661
    Polyvinyl Alcohol Copolymer 3314
    Polyvinyl Butyral 3315
    Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) . 3177
    Rigid Thermoplastic Urethane (RTPU) 2666
    Styrene Acrylonitrile Copolymer (SAN) 2878
    Styrene Butadiene Copolymer 2997
    Styrene Maleic Anhydride Copolymer (SMA) . 3004
    Styrenic Resin 3101
    Abbreviations
    AASC . Methyl Methacrylate Butyl Acrylate
    Copolymer
    ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
    acc. acceptable
    acet Acetone
    AEC Aromatic Estercarbonate
    alc. Alcohol
    alc.-contg. .alcohol-containing
    aliph .aliphatic
    alk . alkali
    AlkylDimeth. Benzylam. Chlor. Alkyldimethylbenzyl
    Ammonium Chloride
    am .Ammonium
    AMA . Acrylonitrile Methyl Acrylate
    amend amendment
    Ammon. Carbonate .Ammonium Carbonate
    ANSI American National Standards Institute
    aq .aqueous
    Aramid .Aromatic Polyamide
    Aristech Aristech Acrylics, LLC
    arom. aromatic
    ASA . Acrylate Styrene Acrylonitrile
    ASTM .American Society of Testing Materials
    atm. . atmosphere
    auto. trans. fluids .Automotive Transport Fluids
    BBP Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
    BR .Butyl Rubber
    CAB Cellulose Acetate Butyrate
    cad . Cadmium
    CDM Color Difference Meter
    chlor . Chloride
    CIE lab . Commission Internationale d’Eclairage
    cm centimeter
    Co. . Company
    Colorite Colorite Europe Limited
    com . commercial
    compat compatibility
    compds. compounds
    compn composition
    conc. . concentration
    concd. concentrated
    concs concentrations
    cond . condition
    cont contain
    contg .containing
    Continental Continental Acrylics
    COPA .Polyetheramide Thermoplastic Elastomer
    Corp. Corporation
    CPVC Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride
    CSM Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Rubber
    CTFE Chlorotrifluoroethylene
    CTMP Chemi-Thermo Mechanical Pulp
    cu-cm cubic centimeter
    cu-foot cubic foot
    cyan. . cyanide
    DAIP Diallyl Metaphthalate
    DAP Diallyl Phthalate
    DDT .Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
    deg degrees
    deriv derived
    dg degrees
    dim. dimension
    DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung
    DMA . Dimethylamine
    DMF N,N-Dimethylformamide
    DMSO Dimethyl Sulfoxide
    DNP . Dinonyl Phthalate
    DOP Dioctyl Phthalate
    Dow Dow Chemical Company
    DSM .DSM Engineering Plastics
    DTBP di-tert-Butyl Peroxide
    ea .each
    Eastman Eastman Chemical Company
    ECTFE .Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene
    EDTA .Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid
    EMA .Ethylene Methyl Acrylate
    EMS .EMS-GRIVORY Performance Polymers
    Emser . Emser Werke
    EPDM .Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer
    EPM . Ethylene Propylene Monomer
    ESCR Environmental Stress Cracking Resistance
    ETFE .Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene
    ethyl.ox Ethylene Oxide
    EtO .Ethylene Oxide
    EVA Ethylene Vinyl Acetate
    Eval . EVAL Company of America
    EVOH . Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol
    expos. .exposure
    F.R . Flame Retardant
    Fed. Spec. . Federal Specifications
    fed. federal
    FEF .Fast Extrusion Furnace
    FEP .Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene
    fermentn. mix fermentation mixture
    FFKM . Tetrafluoroethylene Perfluoromethyl Vinyl
    Ether Copolymer
    Fiberite ICI Fiberite
    FKM Vinylidene Fluoride Hexafluoropropylene
    FMQ Methylfluorosilicone
    foliat. talc .foliated talc
    FPE . Fluorinated Polyethylene
    fpm foot per minute
    ft .foot
    FVMQ .Methylvinylfluorosilicone
    g gram
    gal gallon
    Gary AlphaGary Corporation
    Goodyear .Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
    h hour
    HAF High Abrasion Furnace
    halog. hydrocarb Halogenated Hydrocarbon
    HALS Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers
    HDPE High Density Polyethylene
    HDT . Heat Deflection Temperature
    HEF High Energy Fuel
    HEMPA Hexamethylphosphoric Triamide
    hexachlorocyclopent . Hexachlorocyclopentane
    HMWLDPE High Molecular Weight Low Density
    Polyethylene
    hr .hour
    hrs hours
    HTF . High Temperature Fuel
    Huls . Chemische Werke Hüls AG
    hyd. chloride sat Hydrogen Chloride saturated
    hyd hydride
    ICI Adv. Mat ICI Advanced Materials
    ICI Imperial Chemical Industries
    in .inch
    Inc . Incorporated
    ind individual
    Ind. Industrial
    Indspec .INDSPEC Chemical Corporation
    inhib .inhibitor
    IPS . Impact Polystyrene
    IRHD International Rubber Hardness Degrees
    irrad. irradiance
    ISO .International Standards Organization
    ISO/NPG .Isophthalic/Neopenthylglycol
    l .litre
    Labs. Laboratories
    lb .pound
    LCP . Liquid Crystal Polymer
    LDPE Low Density Polyethylene
    liq . liquid
    liqs. .liquids
    LLDPE . Linear Low Density Polyethylene
    long .longitudinal
    LPG Liquified Petroleum Gas
    Ltd Limited
    m .meter
    mag. chloride Magnesium Chloride
    manuf. . manufacturing
    manufd. manufacturedmateri. . material
    max maximum
    MBS . Methyl Methacrylate Butadiene Styrene
    MBT Mercaptobenzothiazole
    MBTS Dibenzothiazole Disulphide
    MDI Methylene Di-p-Phenylene Isocyanate
    MDPE . Medium Density Polyethylene
    med. medium
    MEK Methyl Ethyl Ketone
    MFA Tetrafluoroethylene Perfluoromethyl
    Vinyl Ether
    mg .milligram
    MIBK Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
    min .minutes
    misc. . miscellaneous
    Mitsui Mitsui Chemicals Group
    mix mixture
    mL millilitre
    mm . millimeter
    MMA Methyl Methacrylate
    moist . moisture
    mol. wgt. .molecular weight
    MPDA .Metaphenylene Diamine
    MQ . Methylsilicone
    NASA . National Aeronautics and Space
    Administration
    NBR . Nitrile Rubber
    Nippon Gohsei Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry
    Company Limited
    Nippon Zeon .ZEON Corporation
    nm .nanometer
    no. number
    non-metal. .non-metallic
    NR . Natural Rubber
    OBDPO . Octabromodiphenyl Oxide
    Occidental Occidental Petroleum Corporation
    oct .octane
    org. . organical
    ox oxide
    oz .ounce
    PA .Polyamide
    PAI . Polyamideimide
    PARA . Polyarylamide
    PASU . Polyarylsulfone
    PBI . Polybenzimidazole
    PBT Polybutylene Terephthalate
    PC .Polycarbonate
    PCBs Polychlorinated Biphenyls
    PCL . Polycaprolactone
    PCT Polycyclohexylenedimethylene Terephthalate
    PCTG Glycol Modified
    PolycyclohexylenedimethyleneTerephthalate
    PE Polyethylene
    PEEK Polyetheretherketone
    PEG Polyethylene Glycol
    PEI Polyetherimide
    PEK .Polyetherketone
    PEKK .Polyetherketoneketone
    Pelseal .Pelseal Technologies, LLC
    PES Polyethersulfone
    PET . Polyethylene Terephthalate
    PETG Polycyclohexylenedimethylene
    EthyleneTerephthalate
    PFA .Perfluoroalkoxy
    Phillips Chevron Phillips Chemical Company
    photog. photographic
    phr per hundred resin
    phthalic ahhyd .Phthalic Ahhydride
    plast .plasticizer
    PMI Polymethacrylimide
    PMMA Polymethyl Methacrylate
    PMP Polymethylpentene
    PMPPIC Polymethylene Polyphenyl Isocyanate
    PMQ .Methylphenylsilicone
    Polycast PolyCast Acrylic
    POM Polyoxymethylene
    pot. carb. .Potassium Carbonate
    pot. cy Potassium Cyanide
    pot. ferrocyan Potassium Ferrocyanide
    pot. gold cyan . Potassium Gold Cyanide
    potas . Potassium
    PP .Polypropylene
    PPA .Polyphthalamide
    PPE Polyphenylene Ether
    ppm parts per million
    PPO Polyphenylene Oxide
    PPS Polyphenylene Sulfide
    P-PVC .Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride
    prem. premium
    Pro. Proceedings
    prod. production
    prop. glycol .Propylene Glycol
    PS Polystyrene
    pt point
    PTT .Polytrimethylene Terephthalate
    PUR Polyurethane
    PVA Polyvinyl Acetate
    PVC . Polyvinyl Chloride
    PVDC .Polyvinylidene Chloride
    PVDF .Polyvinylidene Fluoride
    PVF . Polyvinyl Fluoride
    PVMQ .Methylphenylvinylsilicone
    qt . quantity
    Quadrant EPP Quadrant Engineering Plastic
    Products
    R.H . relative humidity
    reg. regular
    res resistant
    RIM PUR . Reaction Injection Molding Polyurethane
    RTPU .Rigid Thermoplastic Urethane
    SABIC Saudi Basic Industries Corporation
    SAE .Society of Automotive Engineers
    SAE Tech. Paper .SAE Techical Paper
    SAF .Super Abrasion Furnace
    SAN . Styrene Acrylonitrile
    sat saturate
    satd saturated
    SBC . Styrene-Butadiene Copolymer
    SBR Styrene Butadiene Rubber
    SEBS . Styrene-Ethylene/Butylene-Styrene
    sec seconds
    SEP .Styrene Ethylene/Propylene
    sep. separate
    SEPS Styrene-Ethylene/Propylene-Styrene
    silv. cy. Silver Cyanide
    SMA Styrene Maleic Anhydride
    sod. cy Sodium Cyanide
    sod. fluosilic Sodium Fluosilicate
    sod. sulfate . Sodium Sulfate
    sod .sodium
    sol. solution
    soln .solution
    solns. solutions
    Solvay Solvay Advanced Polymers, LLC
    SPE ANTEC Society of Plastics Engineers Annual
    Technical Conference
    sq-ft square foot
    sq-in square inch
    sq-m . square meter
    SR .Silicone Resin
    SRF Semi-Reinforcing Furnace
    sub .sublimate
    TBP Tributyl Phosphate
    TBT Tetrabutyl Titanate
    TCA .Trichloroacetic Acid
    TDI . Toluene Diisocyanate
    tech . technical
    TEL Tetraethyl Lead
    temp. .temperature
    tetrachlorocyclopent .Tetrachlorocyclopentane
    TFE . Tetrafluoroethylene
    TFE/P Tetrafluoroethylene Propylene
    The Purdue Frederick Co. The Purdue Frederick
    Company
    TMTD .Tetramethyl Thiuram Disulfide
    TNT Trinitrotoluene
    TPAU Polyester Polyurethane Thermoplastic
    Elastomer
    TPE . Thermoplastic Elastomer
    TPEU . Polyether Polyurethane Thermoplastic
    Elastomer
    trans. transverse
    tsp .teaspoon
    turpen Turpentine
    U.S. United States
    UHMWPEUltrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene
    UL Underwriters Laboratories
    xviii Abbreviationsunsatd unsaturated
    UP Unsaturated Polyester
    Urylon Urylon Plastics Incorporation
    USP .United States Pharmacopeia
    UV .Ultraviolet
    VDF .Vinylidene Fluoride
    VDMA .Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und
    Anlagenbau
    VMQ . Methylvinylsilicone
    vol volume
    vulcan. .Vulcanizate
    w/ with
    wat. .Water
    weatherom. weatherometer
    wt. weight
    XPE . Crosslinked Polyethylene
    yr . year
    yrs .years

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