A Manual of Mechanics of Engineering and The Construction of Machines

A Manual of Mechanics of Engineering and The Construction of Machines
اسم المؤلف
DR. PHIL. JULIUS WEISBACH,
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A Manual of Mechanics of Engineering and The Construction of Machines
DR. PHIL. JULIUS WEISBACH,
OBERBERGRATH AND PROFESSOR AT THE ROYAL MINING ACADEMY AT FJ
MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
AT ST. PETERSBURG, ETC
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
SECTION II.
APPLICATION OF MECHANICS TO MACHINES.
INTRODUCTION.
108-111. Machines, Force and Delivery, etc 3-11
PART I.
THE MOTIVE POWER OF MEN AND ANIMALS, WIND
AND WATER, AS ALSO THE VARIOUS MACHINES FOR
THEIR TRANSMISSION AND UTILIZATION.
CHAPTER I.
THE MEASUREMENT OF MOTIVE POWERS AND THEIR EFFECTS.
ARTICLE. PAGE.
112. Dynamometer and Balance 13-14
113-116. Simple Balance, Equal and Unequal Arms 14-24
117-121. Compound Balance, Platform Balance 24-34
122. Index or Bent Lever Balance 34~35
123-124. Spring Dynamometer, Spring Balance 35~38
125-127. Spring Dynamometer with Counting and Registering Apparatus 38-46
128. Pillow-block Dynamometer 46-50
129-130. Differential Dynamometer 50-58
131. Horizontal Dynamometer 58-61
132-134. Friction Brake 61-69
135. Planimeter ‘ 69-73
CHAPTER II.
THE POWER OK MEN AND ANIMALS, AND RECIPIENT MACHINES.
136-140. Animal Power, Formulae, etc 74-84
741. Lever, Work of Animal Power 85-89Ivi CONTENTS,
ARTICLE. PAGE.
142. Windlass 89-92
143. Vertical Capstan 93-96
144. Tread Mill 96-99
145. Tread Plane 99-102
CHAPTER III.
THE COLLECTION AND SUPPLY OF WATER FOR POWER.
146-147. Feed-water, Water Conduction, Weirs, etc 103-104
148-149. Swell or Back-water 104-108
150-153. Height and Extent of Swell 108-121
154-155. Curve of Swell 121-131
156-159. Reservoirs, Reservoir Dams, Races 131-140
160-163. Canals, Races, Troughs 141-151
164-165. Pipe Conduction, Water Supply 151-157
166-168. Compound Pipe Systems 157-169
CHAPTER IV.
VERTICAL WATER-WHEELS.
169. Water-power – 171-173-
170. Hydraulic Motors, Vertical and Horizontal Water-wheels
and Water-pressure Engines 173-174
171-172. Bucket-wheels, Overshot-wheel 174-178
173-174. Wheel Dimensions, Radius, Depth, Width, etc 178-181
175-176. Number of Floats and Methods of Construction 182-186
177-178. Sluices, Entrance of Water to Wheel 187-192
179-180. Float Angle, Number of Floats 192-196
181-183. Introduction of Water 196-204
184. Impact of Water 204-208
185-186. Pressure of Water, Water-retaining Arc 208-214
187-188. Influence of Centrifugal Force 214-219
189-193. Strength of Arms, Axle, Journal 219-238
194. Construction and Erection 238-243
195. Axle Friction and Weight of Wheel 243-247
196. Total and Maximum Delivery of Wheel 247-250
197. Effective Delivery 250-251
198-200. Back-pitch Water-wheel 252-259
201-205. Middleshot-wheel, Curb-wheel 260-274
206-209. Deliverj’ of Curb-wheels 274-289
210-212. Undershot-wheel 289-294
213-214. Loss of Water in Undershot-wheel 294-300
215-216. Delivery of Undershot-wheels 300-305
217. Partition of Water-power 306-30
CONTENTS. Ivii
ARTICLE. PAGE.
218-220. Free Hanging Undershot-wheels (Ship Mill-wheels) 309-315
221-225. Poncelet’s Wheel 316-331
226-227. Delivery of Poncelet’s Wheel 331-336
228. Small Wheels of Various Construction, Literature 336-340
CHAPTER V.
/
HORIZONTAL WATER-WHEELS
(TURBINES).
229. Horizontal Wheels, Turbines, etc 341-342
230-231. Impact Wheels, Impact and Pressure Wheels 342-348
232-234. Pressure Wheels, Borda’s and Burdin’s Turbines 348-354
2 35-2 37- Tangential Wheels, Poncelet’s and Zupinger’s Turbines. . 354-367
238. Schwamkrug’s Turbines 367-369
239. Jet Turbine 369-372
240-241. Danaides 372-377
242-244. Reaction-wheels 377-386
245-247. Scottish Turbine, Combes’s and Cadiat’s Turbine 386-391
248. Fourneyron’s Turbine 391-394
249. Francis’s Turbine, Inward Flow 394~397
250-254. Theory of Reaction Turbine with Guides 397-408
255. Theory of the Turbine without Guides 408-41 r
256. General Theory of Turbines 411-415
257-258. Position of Sluice Gate, Partition-wheels 416-421
259. Pressure Turbine 421-423
260-261. Calculation of
Efficiency of Reaction Turbine 423-428
262-264. Arrangement and Construction of Guide-blade Turbine. . 428-442
265-267. Arrangement and Construction of Turbine without Guides 442-453
268. Theory of Turbines with Inward Flow 453-457
269-270. Axle, Journal, Axle-box 457-465
271-273. Comparison of Turbines and Experimental Efficiency 465-471
274. Hydropneumatic Arrangement of Girard 471-474
275. Boyden’s Diffuser 474-479
276-277. Fontaine’s Turbine, Henschel’s, Jonval’s 479-484
278-282. Theory and Construction of Henschel’s Turbine 484-496
283. Methods of regulation in Fontaine’s, Henschel’s, etc.,
Turbines 496-499
284-287. Experimental Efficiency of these Turbines 500-507
288-290. Comparison of Turbines with other Wheels 507-512
291. Hand’s Turbine 512-516
292. Schiele’s Turbine 516-519
293. Screw Turbine of Plataret 520-525
294. Thompson’s Turbine 525-529
295. Turbines with Horizontal Axis 529-532
296. Girard’s Screw-wheel, Literature 532-536Iviii CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VI.
WATER-PRESSURE ENGINES.
297. Water-pressure Engines 537-539
298-299. Supply Pipes, Working Cylinder 539-546
300-301. Piston, Packing, Piston-rod 546-551
302. Regulator, Piston Regulator, etc 551-553
303-305. Regulator Cock, Piston, Valve, Slide 553~558
306. Peculiarity of Regulator in Water-pressure Engines 558-561
307-308. Aids to Regulation, Methods of Regulation 561-565
309-310. Tappets, Weight Regulators 565-572
311-312. Auxiliary Water-pressure Engines 572-577
313. Regulating Cylinder 578-579
314. Water-pressure Engine at Alte Mordgrube 580-583
315. Water-pressure Engine at Huelgoat 583-586
316. Water-pressure Engine at Grube Centrum. … 586-589
317-318. Counterpoise, Regulating Cocks 589-592
319-324. Calculation of Mechanical Effect of Water-pressure Engine 592-612
325-326. Regulation of same 612-621
327. Amount of Regulating Water 621-623
328. Experimental Efficiency of Water-pressure Engines 623-626
329. Comparison of Water-pressure Engines with Water-wheels 626-627
330. Chain and Water-pressure Wheel, Literature 627-631
CHAPTER VII.
WIND-WHEELS.
33I-333- Wind-wheels, Sail-wheels 632-636
334-335- Wind-mills, Post and Tower Mills 636-640
336-337. Force Regulation 640-644
338-339. Direction of Wind, Velocity of Wind 644-647
340-342. Anemometer 647-652
343. Calculation of Wind-pressure 652-654
344. Best Angle of Impact 654-658
345. Mechanical Effect of Windmills 658-662
346. Friction on Shaft 662-664
347. Experiments upon Efficiency of Windmills 664-666
348. Smeaton’s Rules, Literature 666-668
END OF PART FIRST.
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